From 6d557dcf9da1ad4c6602d9f79e3644e4433b82d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Mon, 5 Nov 2007 01:18:21 +0000 Subject: cannot find source for 1.12 omega doc, old dvi seems unneeded git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@5350 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.12.ps | 4500 -------------------------- Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.dvi | Bin 106844 -> 0 bytes 2 files changed, 4500 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.12.ps delete mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.dvi (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc') diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.12.ps b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.12.ps deleted file mode 100644 index 2e9d0b83a57..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.12.ps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4500 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software -%%Title: doc-1.12.dvi -%%Pages: 43 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Fv(De-virtualizes)27 b Ft(.dvi)f Fv(\()p -Ft(.dvi)21 b Fp(!)i Ft(.dvi)o Fv(\))689 1266 y Ft(odvitype)159 -b(dvitype)140 b Fv(Debugging)27 b(for)g Ft(.dvi)f Fv(\()p -Ft(.dvi)c Fp(!)h Fv(text\))689 1365 y Ft(opl2ofm)203 -b(pltotf)184 b Fv(Build)28 b(fon)n(t)g(metric)f(\()p -Ft(.opl)22 b Fp(!)h Ft(.ofm)n Fv(\))689 1465 y Ft(ofm2opl)203 -b(tftopl)184 b Fv(Debugging)27 b(for)g Ft(.ofm)f Fv(\()p -Ft(.ofm)c Fp(!)h Ft(.opl)n Fv(\))689 1564 y Ft(ovp2ovf)203 -b(vptovf)184 b Fv(Build)28 b(virtual)f(fon)n(t)h(\()p -Ft(.ovp)21 b Fp(!)i Ft(.ofm)17 b Fp(\002)h Ft(.ovf)n -Fv(\))689 1664 y Ft(ovf2ovp)203 b(vftovp)184 b Fv(Debugging)27 -b(for)g Ft(.ovf)f Fv(\()p Ft(.ofm)17 b Fp(\002)h Ft(.ovf)k -Fp(!)h Ft(.ovp)n Fv(\))689 1764 y Ft(otp2ocp)203 b Fv(\026\026)282 -b(Compile)28 b Fu(\012)p Fv(TP)g(\()p Ft(.otp)21 b Fp(!)i -Ft(.ocp)o Fv(\))689 1863 y Ft(outocp)247 b Fv(\026\026)282 -b(Debugging)27 b(for)g Ft(.ocp)f Fv(\()p Ft(.ocp)c Fp(!)h -Fv(text\))689 1963 y Ft(mkofm)291 b(mktextfm)96 b Fv(Generate)27 -b Ft(.ofm)f Fv(\034le)i(if)g(needed)689 2063 y Ft(mkocp)291 -b Fv(\026\026)282 b(Generate)27 b Ft(.ocp)f Fv(\034le)i(if)g(needed)515 -2308 y Fw(4)131 b(Sixteen-bit)45 b(fon)l(ts,)f(registers,)f(etc.)639 -2490 y Fv(One)24 b(of)g(the)g(fundamen)n(tal)g(limitations)g(of)g(T) -2066 2508 y(E)2112 2490 y(X3)g(is)g(that)g(most)g(quan)n(tities)g(can)g -(only)515 2590 y(range)32 b(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)h(0)h(and)f(255.)54 -b(F)-7 b(on)n(ts)33 b(are)g(limited)h(to)f(256)g(c)n(haracters)e(eac)n -(h,)j(only)f(256)515 2689 y(fon)n(ts)k(are)g(allo)n(w)n(ed)g(sim)n -(ultaneously)-7 b(,)39 b(only)f(256)e(of)i(an)n(y)f(giv)n(en)g(kind)h -(of)g(can)g(b)r(e)g(used)515 2789 y(sim)n(ultaneously)-7 -b(,)28 b(etc.)40 b Fu(\012)29 b Fv(lo)r(osens)f(these)g(restrictions,)g -(allo)n(wing)f(65)h(536)f(\(0\02565)h(535\))f(of)515 -2889 y(eac)n(h)f(of)i(these)g(en)n(tities.)515 3121 y -Fm(4.1)112 b(Characters)639 3274 y Fv(Eac)n(h)26 b(fon)n(t)h(can)f 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b(only)g(case)g(to)g(b)r(e)h(noted)515 4643 -y(is)g(that)h Ft(\\box255)d Fv(remains)h(the)i(b)r(o)n(x)f(used)h(b)n -(y)f(the)h(output)g(routine.)1926 5255 y(4)p eop -%%Page: 5 5 -5 4 bop 515 523 a Fm(4.4)112 b(Math)38 b(co)s(des)639 -676 y Fv(T)685 694 y(E)731 676 y(X)27 b(allo)n(ws)f(the)g(use)h(of)f -(16)g(\()p Fu(2)1628 646 y Fl(4)1665 676 y Fv(\))h(fon)n(t)g(families,) -f(eac)n(h)g(fon)n(t)h(of)f(256)f(\()p Fu(2)2892 646 y -Fl(8)2929 676 y Fv(\))i(c)n(haracters.)515 776 y(T)-7 -b(o)33 b(access)f(the)i(c)n(haracters)c(in)k(the)g(math)f(fon)n(ts,)i -(and)e(to)g(de\034ne)h(ho)n(w)f(they)g(are)f(to)i(b)r(e)515 -876 y(used,)27 b(there)h(are)e(sev)n(eral)g(basic)h(primitiv)n(es:)639 -1058 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\mathcode)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(8-bit)30 -b(numb)l(er)9 b Fp(i)23 b Fu(=)g Fp(h)p Fk(15-bit)30 -b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 1158 y(De\034nes)28 b(15-bit)f(math)h -(co)r(de)f(for)g(c)n(haracter;)639 1324 y Fp(\017)41 -b Ft(\\mathcode)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(8-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 -b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 1423 y(Outputs)28 b(15-bit)f(math)h(co)r(de)f(asso)r -(ciated)f(with)i(c)n(haracter;)639 1590 y Fp(\017)41 -b Ft(\\mathchar)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(15-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 1689 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h(c)n(haracter)d(with) -j(15-bit)f(math)h(co)r(de;)639 1855 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\mathaccent)23 -b Fp(h)p Fk(15-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 -1955 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h(accen)n(t)f(with)h(15-bit)f(math)g(co) -r(de;)639 2121 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\mathchardef)23 b Fp(h)p -Fk(c)l(ontr)l(ol-se)l(quenc)l(e)6 b Fp(i)23 b Fu(=)g -Fp(h)p Fk(15-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 2220 -y(De\034nes)28 b(a)f(con)n(trol)f(sequence)h(with)i(a)e(15-bit)f(math)i -(co)r(de;)639 2387 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\delcode)25 b Fp(h)p -Fk(8-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)23 b Fu(=)g Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)31 -b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 2486 y(De\034nes)28 b(27-bit)f -(delimiter)h(co)r(de)f(for)g(c)n(haracter;)639 2652 y -Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\delcode)25 b Fp(h)p Fk(8-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 2752 y(Outputs)28 b(27-bit)f(delimiter)h(co)r(de)f -(asso)r(ciated)f(with)i(c)n(haracter;)639 2918 y Fp(\017)41 -b Ft(\\delimiter)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 -b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 3017 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h(delimiter)f(with)i -(27-bit)d(delimiter)i(co)r(de;)639 3184 y Fp(\017)41 -b Ft(\\radical)25 b Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 3283 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h(radical)e(with)i -(27-bit)f(delimiter)h(co)r(de;)639 3466 y(where)639 3632 -y Fp(\017)41 b(h)p Fk(8-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)28 -b Fv(refers)e(to)i(an)f(8-bit)g(c)n(haracter;)639 3798 -y Fp(\017)41 b(h)p Fk(15-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)28 -b Fv(refers)f(to)g(v)-5 b(alue)28 b Ft(0x8000)d Fv(or)h(a)i(triple)815 -3964 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(3)27 b(bits)h(for)f(math)h(category)-7 -b(,)815 4097 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(4)27 b(bits)h(for)f(fon)n(t)h(family)-7 -b(,)815 4230 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(8)27 b(bits)h(for)f(c)n(haracter)e(in)j -(fon)n(t,)722 4396 y(called)f(a)h Fk(math)i(c)l(o)l(de)6 -b Fv(;)639 4562 y Fp(\017)41 b(h)p Fk(27-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)28 b Fv(refers)f(to)g(a)g(negativ)n(e)g(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)g(or)g -(a)g(quin)n(tuple)815 4728 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(3)27 b(bits)h(for)f(math)h -(category)-7 b(,)815 4861 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(4)27 b(bits)h(for)f -(\034rst)g(fon)n(t)h(family)-7 b(,)815 4993 y Fj(\025)42 -b Fv(8)27 b(bits)h(for)f(\034rst)g(c)n(haracter)f(in)i(fon)n(t,)1926 -5255 y(5)p eop -%%Page: 6 6 -6 5 bop 815 523 a Fj(\025)42 b Fv(4)27 b(bits)h(for)f(second)g(fon)n(t) -h(family)-7 b(,)815 656 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(8)27 b(bits)h(for)f(second)g -(c)n(haracter)e(in)j(fon)n(t,)722 822 y(called)f(a)h -Fk(delimiter)j(c)l(o)l(de)p Fv(.)639 988 y Fu(\012)p -Fv(,)26 b(on)f(the)h(other)e(hand,)i(allo)n(ws)e(256)f(\()p -Fu(2)1913 958 y Fl(8)1950 988 y Fv(\))j(fon)n(t)f(families,)h(eac)n(h)e -(fon)n(t)h(of)h(65)e(536)g(\()p Fu(2)3277 958 y Fl(16)3347 -988 y Fv(\))515 1088 y(c)n(haracters.)35 b(So,)28 b(in)h(addition)e(to) -h(the)h(T)1799 1105 y(E)1845 1088 y(X)f(math)g(fon)n(t)g(primitiv)n -(es,)g(whic)n(h)g(con)n(tin)n(ue)f(to)515 1187 y(w)n(ork,)f(there)h -(are)g(16-bit)g(v)n(ersions:)639 1370 y Fp(\017)41 b -Ft(\\omathcode)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(16-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 -b Fp(i)23 b Fu(=)g Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 1469 y(De\034nes)28 b(27-bit)f(math)h(co)r(de)f(for)g -(c)n(haracter;)639 1636 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\omathcode)24 -b Fp(h)p Fk(16-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 -1735 y(Outputs)28 b(27-bit)f(math)h(co)r(de)f(asso)r(ciated)f(with)i(c) -n(haracter;)639 1901 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\omathchar)24 -b Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 -2001 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h(c)n(haracter)d(with)j(27-bit)f(math)h -(co)r(de;)639 2167 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\omathaccent)23 -b Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 -2267 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h(accen)n(t)f(with)h(27-bit)f(math)g(co) -r(de;)639 2433 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\omathchardef)22 b -Fp(h)p Fk(c)l(ontr)l(ol-se)l(quenc)l(e)6 b Fp(i)24 b -Fu(=)e Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 -2532 y(De\034nes)28 b(a)f(con)n(trol)f(sequence)h(with)i(a)e(27-bit)f -(math)i(co)r(de;)639 2698 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\odelcode)24 -b Fp(h)p Fk(16-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)23 b Fu(=)g -Fp(h)p Fk(51-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 2798 -y(De\034nes)28 b(51-bit)f(delimiter)h(co)r(de)f(for)g(c)n(haracter;)639 -2964 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\odelcode)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(16-bit)31 -b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 3064 y(Outputs)28 b(51-bit)f(delimiter) -h(co)r(de)f(asso)r(ciated)f(with)i(c)n(haracter;)639 -3230 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\odelimiter)23 b Fp(h)p Fk(51-bit)31 -b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 3329 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h -(delimiter)f(with)i(51-bit)d(delimiter)i(co)r(de;)639 -3495 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\oradical)24 b Fp(h)p Fk(51-bit)31 -b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 3595 y(Generates)27 b(a)g(math)h -(radical)e(with)i(51-bit)f(delimiter)h(co)r(de;)639 3778 -y(where)639 3944 y Fp(\017)41 b(h)p Fk(16-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)28 b Fv(refers)f(to)g(a)g(16-bit)g(c)n(haracter;)639 -4110 y Fp(\017)41 b(h)p Fk(27-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b -Fp(i)28 b Fv(refers)f(to)g(v)-5 b(alue)28 b Ft(0x8000000)23 -b Fv(or)k(a)g(triple)815 4276 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(3)27 -b(bits)h(for)f(math)h(category)-7 b(,)815 4408 y Fj(\025)42 -b Fv(8)27 b(bits)h(for)f(fon)n(t)h(family)-7 b(,)815 -4541 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(16)27 b(bits)g(for)h(c)n(haracter)d(in)j(fon)n -(t,)722 4707 y(called)f(a)h Fk(math)i(c)l(o)l(de)6 b -Fv(;)639 4873 y Fp(\017)41 b(h)p Fk(51-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 -b Fp(i)35 b Fv(refers)e(to)h(a)f(pair)h(of)g(n)n(um)n(b)r(ers,)h -(either)f(b)r(oth)g(negativ)n(e)f(or)g(ar-)722 4973 y(ranged)27 -b(as)f Fp(h)p Fk(27-bit)31 b(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)24 b(h)p -Fk(24-bit)30 b(numb)l(er)9 b Fp(i)p Fv(,)28 b(with)g(the)g(\034rst)f(n) -n(um)n(b)r(er)g(b)r(eing:)1926 5255 y(6)p eop -%%Page: 7 7 -7 6 bop 815 523 a Fj(\025)42 b Fv(3)27 b(bits)h(for)f(math)h(category) --7 b(,)815 656 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(8)27 b(bits)h(for)f(\034rst)g(fon)n(t) -h(family)-7 b(,)815 789 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(16)27 b(bits)g(for)h(\034rst) -f(c)n(haracter)e(in)j(fon)n(t,)722 955 y(and)g(the)g(second)f(n)n(um)n -(b)r(er)g(b)r(eing:)815 1121 y Fj(\025)42 b Fv(8)27 b(bits)h(for)f -(second)g(fon)n(t)h(family)-7 b(,)815 1254 y Fj(\025)42 -b Fv(16)27 b(bits)g(for)h(second)e(c)n(haracter)g(in)i(fon)n(t,)722 -1420 y(called)f(a)h Fk(delimiter)j(c)l(o)l(de)p Fv(.)639 -1586 y(Since)25 b Fu(\012)f Fv(is)h(up)n(w)n(ardly)e(compatible)h(with) -h(T)2030 1604 y(E)2076 1586 y(X,)h(the)e(older)g(primitiv)n(es)g(still) -h(con)n(tin)n(ue)515 1685 y(to)k(function)g(as)g(exp)r(ected.)41 -b(In)n(ternally)-7 b(,)29 b(math)g(co)r(des)f(are)g(27-bit)h(n)n(um)n -(b)r(ers)f(and)h(delim-)515 1785 y(iter)h(co)r(des)h(are)f(51-bit)g(n)n -(um)n(b)r(ers.)46 b(Ho)n(w)n(ev)n(er,)30 b(if)h Ft(\\mathcode)p -Fp(h)p Fk(15-bit)c(numb)l(er)8 b Fp(i)31 b Fv(app)r(ears)515 -1885 y(in)21 b(text)g(mo)r(de,)i(it)e(con)n(tin)n(ues)f(to)h(generate)e 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b(a)f Fk(whatsit)44 b Fv(no)r(de)36 -b(is)f(de-)515 4308 y(p)r(osited)f(in)n(to)f(the)i(tok)n(en)e(list)h -(for)f(the)i(curren)n(t)e(paragraph.)53 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 -b(alue)33 b(is)h(c)n(hanged)515 4407 y(again,)40 b(another)d(whatsit)i -(no)r(de)g(is)f(dep)r(osited.)70 b(When)39 b Fu(\012)g -Fv(cuts)f(the)h(paragraph)d(in)n(to)515 4507 y(lines,)26 -b(it)h(will)f(add)g(the)h(curren)n(t)e(v)-5 b(alue)26 -b(of)g(the)h(lo)r(cal)e(p)r(enalt)n(y)h(to)g(the)h(p)r(enalt)n(y)f(no)r -(de)g(that)515 4607 y(is)21 b(placed)g(after)g(ev)n(ery)f(line)i(in)f -(the)h(v)n(ertical)e(list.)35 b(Similarly)21 b(for)g -Ft(\\localbrokenpena)o(lt)o(y)515 4706 y Fv(when)30 b(a)h -(discretionary)d(h)n(yphen)j(is)f(placed)g(at)g(the)h(end)g(of)g(a)f -(line.)46 b(With)31 b(these)f(primi-)515 4806 y(tiv)n(es,)20 -b(it)g(b)r(ecomes)e(p)r(ossible)h(to)g(discourage)e(or)h(encourage)f -(page)h(breaks)g(at)h(more)f(sp)r(eci\034c)515 4905 y(parts)27 -b(of)g(a)g(paragraph.)1926 5255 y(7)p eop -%%Page: 8 8 -8 7 bop 639 523 a Fv(This)34 b(same)e(lo)r(cal)h(approac)n(h)f(is)h -(tak)n(en)g(for)f(a)h(completely)g(di\033eren)n(t)h(task:)48 -b(placing)515 623 y(\034xed-width)36 b(t)n(yp)r(eset)g(material)g(at)g -(the)g(b)r(eginning)h(\(or)e(the)i(end\))f(of)h(ev)n(ery)e(line)h(in)g -(a)515 722 y(paragraph.)639 822 y(\023)23 b(The)f(original)f(problem)h -(to)g(b)r(e)g(solv)n(ed)g(w)n(as)f(for)h(\034ne)g(F)-7 -b(renc)n(h)22 b(t)n(yp)r(esetting,)i(in)e(whic)n(h)515 -922 y(\023)28 b(guillemets)35 b(are)f(placed)h(running)g(do)n(wn)f(the) -i(left)g(side)f(of)g(a)g(paragraph,)g(as)f(in)i(this)515 -1021 y(\023)28 b(paragraph,)19 b(so)h(long)g(as)g(material)g(is)g(b)r -(eing)h(quoted.)g(\024)f(Since)h(T)2593 1039 y(E)2640 -1021 y(X)g(breaks)e(paragraphs)515 1121 y(in)32 b(arbitrary)f(places,)i -(it)g(w)n(as)e(imp)r(ossible)h(to)h(dev)n(elop)e(a)h(robust)g(macro)f -(pac)n(k)-5 b(age)31 b(that)515 1220 y(could,)c(in)h(a)f(single)g -(pass,)g(place)g(the)h(guillemets)f(in)h(the)g(righ)n(t)f(p)r -(ositions.)639 1320 y(The)h(original)e(text)i(for)f(the)h(previous)e -(paragraph)f(w)n(as:)776 1482 y Ft({<<~\\localleftbo)o(x{<)o(<~)o(}T)o -(he)37 b(original)j(problem)h(to)i(be)f(solved)776 1581 -y(was)g(for)h(fine)f(French)f(typesetting,)d(in)43 b(which)e -(guillemets)776 1681 y(are)h(placed)g(running)e(down)i(the)g(left)g -(side)g(of)h(a)g(paragraph,)776 1781 y(as)g(in)g(this)f(paragraph,)d -(so)k(long)e(as)i(material)d(is)j(being)776 1880 y(quoted.~>>})c(Since) -j(\\TeX\\)f(breaks)g(paragraphs)e(in)k(arbitrary)776 -1980 y(places,)e(it)i(was)f(impossible)d(to)k(develop)e(a)i(robust)e -(macro)776 2080 y(package)g(that)h(could,)f(in)h(a)i(single)d(pass,)g -(place)h(the)776 2179 y(guillemets)e(in)i(the)h(right)e(positions.)639 -2341 y Fv(There)27 b(are)g(curren)n(tly)f(four)i(lo)r(cal)f(primitiv)n -(es:)639 2503 y Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\localleftbox{)p Fp(h)p -Fk(typ)l(eset-material)t Fp(i)p Ft(})p Fv(:)722 2602 -y(Un)n(til)30 b(this)f(primitiv)n(e)g(is)g(rede\034ned,)g(then)h(the)f 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Fp(\017)41 b Ft(\\localbrokenpenal)o(ty)16 b Fu(=)23 -b Fp(h)p Fk(p)l(enalty)8 b Fp(i)p Fv(:)722 3891 y(Un)n(til)40 -b(this)g(primitiv)n(e)f(is)g(rede\034ned,)j(then)e(eac)n(h)e(time)i -(that)g(a)f(line)g(ends)h(with)722 3991 y(a)34 b(discretionary)d(no)r -(de,)36 b(then)e(the)g(giv)n(en)f(p)r(enalt)n(y)h(v)-5 -b(alue)33 b(will)h(b)r(e)g(added)g(to)g(the)722 4090 -y(p)r(enalt)n(y)28 b(no)r(de)f(follo)n(wing)g(that)h(line.)639 -4252 y(Grouping)f(is)g(resp)r(ected)h(b)n(y)f(all)g(of)h(the)g(lo)r -(cal)f(paragraph)e(primitiv)n(es.)515 4526 y Fw(6)131 -b(Multiple)45 b(directions)639 4707 y Fv(Belo)n(w)27 -b(is)h(what)g(is)f(a)n(v)-5 b(ailable)27 b(in)h(the)g(exp)r(erimen)n -(tal)g(v)n(ersions)e(of)h Fu(\012)p Fv(.)38 b(Unfortunately)515 -4807 y(w)n(e)c(did)g(not)h(consider)e(it)i(to)f(b)r(e)h(su\036cien)n -(tly)f(stable)g(for)g(it)h(to)f(b)r(e)h(released)e(generally)-7 -b(.)515 4907 y(Therefore,)34 b Fu(\012)g Fv(con)n(tin)n(ues)g(to)g 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Fk(next-char)137 b Fv(16)26 -b(bits)772 852 y Fk(op-byte)218 b Fv(16)26 b(bits)772 -952 y Fk(r)l(emainder)110 b Fv(16)26 b(bits)722 1078 -y(The)i(meaning)f(is)g(as)g(in)h(TFM)g(\034les,)g(with)g(ev)n(ery)e(en) -n(try)h(doubling)g(in)h(size.)639 1240 y Fp(\017)41 b -Fk(extensible-r)l(e)l(cip)l(e)35 b Fv(\(8)27 b(o)r(ctets\):)772 -1370 y Fk(ext-top)131 b Fv(16)27 b(bits)772 1469 y Fk(ext-mid)108 -b Fv(16)27 b(bits)772 1569 y Fk(ext-b)l(ot)139 b Fv(16)27 -b(bits)772 1669 y Fk(ext-r)l(ep)132 b Fv(16)27 b(bits)722 -1795 y(Once)37 b(again,)i(the)e(meaning)g(is)g(as)g(in)g(TFM)h -(\034les,)h(but)f(ev)n(ery)e(en)n(try)h(has)g(b)r(een)722 -1895 y(doubled.)515 2125 y Fm(7.2)112 b(Lev)m(el-0)37 -b Fh(\012)p Fm(PL)h(\034les)639 2278 y Fv(The)23 b(lev)n(el-0)e -Fu(\012)p Fv(PL)i(\034les)f(are)f(the)i(same)f(as)g(PL)h(\034les,)g -(with)g(the)g(exception)f(that)h(v)-5 b(alues)515 2378 -y(restricted)27 b(to)g(8)g(bits)h(can)f(no)n(w)g(b)r(e)h(16)f(bits.)515 -2608 y Fm(7.3)112 b(Lev)m(el-0)37 b Fh(\012)p Fm(VF)h(\034les)639 -2762 y Fv(The)e Fu(\012)p Fv(VF)g(\034les)f(are)g(indistinguishable)g -(from)g(VF)h(\034les,)h(except)f(for)f(the)g(\034le)h(suf-)515 -2861 y(\034x.)56 b(They)34 b(exist)h(only)e(b)r(ecause)h(the)h(v)-5 -b(ast)34 b(ma)5 b(jorit)n(y)32 b(of)i(driv)n(ers)f(balk)h(when)g(they)g -(see)515 2961 y(c)n(haracters)25 b(that)j(are)e(not)i(8)f(bits.)515 -3191 y Fm(7.4)112 b(Lev)m(el-0)37 b Fh(\012)p Fm(VP)g(\034les)639 -3345 y Fv(The)21 b(lev)n(el-0)f Fu(\012)p Fv(VP)i(\034les)e(are)g(the)i -(same)e(as)g(VP)i(\034les,)g(with)f(the)h(exception)e(that)i(v)-5 -b(alues)515 3444 y(restricted)27 b(to)g(8)g(bits)h(can)f(no)n(w)g(b)r -(e)h(16)f(bits.)515 3675 y Fm(7.5)112 b(Lev)m(el-1)37 -b Fh(\012)p Fm(FM)i(\034les)639 3828 y Fv(The)e(lev)n(el-1)e(fon)n(ts)i -(tak)n(e)f(a)g(di\033eren)n(t)h(approac)n(h)e(to)i(lev)n(el-0)e(fon)n -(ts.)64 b(They)37 b(do)f(not)515 3928 y(mak)n(e)28 b(the)h(assumption)g -(that)g(t)n(yp)r(esetting)g(means)f(simply)h(placing)g(placing)f -(glyphs)g(on)515 4027 y(the)37 b(baseline,)h(one)e(after)g(another.)62 -b(Example)37 b(applications)e(include)i(the)g(automatic)515 -4127 y(placemen)n(t)j(of)g(glue)g(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)g(c)n(haracters)e -(in)j(East)g(Asian)f(scripts,)j(the)e(building)f(of)515 -4227 y(consonen)n(tal)32 b(clusters)h(for)g(South-Asian)g(and)h -(South-East-Asian)f(scripts,)h(as)f(w)n(ell)h(as)515 -4326 y(the)28 b(placing)f(of)g(diacritics)g(in)h(Arabic)f(and)g -(Hebrew.)639 4426 y(Lev)n(el-1)c(fon)n(ts)g(are)g(di\033eren)n(t)h -(from)f(lev)n(el-0)g(fon)n(ts)h(at)f(three)h(lev)n(els.)35 -b(First,)24 b(they)g(allo)n(w)515 4525 y(the)k(de\034nition)g(of)f(six) -g(new)h(kinds)f(of)h(table:)639 4683 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(iv)-10 -b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)g(in)n(tegers.)639 -4845 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)22 b Fv(tables)e(con)n(tain)g -(\034xw)n(ord)g(v)-5 b(alues)20 b(that)h(do)g(not)g(gro)n(w)e(with)i -(magni\034cation.)639 5006 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(mv)-10 b(alue)28 -b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)g(\034xw)n(ord)f(v)-5 b(alues)27 -b(that)h(do)g(gro)n(w)d(with)j(magni\034cation.)1905 -5255 y(12)p eop -%%Page: 13 13 -13 12 bop 639 523 a Fp(\017)41 b Fe(r)n(ule)27 b Fv(tables)h(con)n -(tain)e(T)1516 541 y(E)1563 523 y(X)i(rule)f(de\034nitions.)639 -678 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(glue)28 b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)g(T)1522 -696 y(E)1568 678 y(X)h(glue)f(de\034nitions.)639 833 -y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)29 b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)e(T)1660 -851 y(E)1707 833 y(X)i(p)r(enalt)n(y)f(de\034nitions.)639 -977 y(There)e(can)h(b)r(e)g(sev)n(eral)d(copies)i(of)h(eac)n(h)f(kind)g -(of)h(table,)g(but)g(for)f(the)h(momen)n(t,)g(there)515 -1077 y(is)h(a)g(maxim)n(um)h(of)f(32)g(new)h(tables)f(in)h(all.)639 -1176 y(These)41 b(new)g(tables)g(can)g(b)r(e)h(used)f(as)f(global)g -(tables,)45 b(or)40 b(can)h(b)r(e)g(indexed)h(on)e(a)515 -1276 y(c)n(haracter-b)n(y-c)n(haracter)21 b(basis)k(in)h(the)h -Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)37 b Fv(en)n(tries,)26 b(whic)n(h)g(de\034ne)g(c)n -(harac-)515 1375 y(ter)34 b(parameters.)55 b(So,)36 b(in)e(addition)g -(to)g(the)h(standard)e(parameters)g(of)h(width,)i(heigh)n(t,)515 -1475 y(depth)j(and)g(italic)g(correction,)h(additional)e(parameters)f -(\(of)i(the)g(six)g(kinds)g(outlined)515 1575 y(ab)r(o)n(v)n(e\))26 -b(can)h(b)r(e)h(giv)n(en)f(for)g(the)h(c)n(haracters.)639 -1674 y(T)-7 b(o)31 b(allo)n(w)f(these)i(new)f(tables)g(to)g(b)r(e)h -(used,)g(c)n(hanges)e(ha)n(v)n(e)g(also)h(b)r(een)g(made)h(to)f(the)515 -1774 y(lig-k)n(ern)26 b(table.)639 1918 y Fp(\017)41 -b Fv(Characters)22 b(can)i(b)r(e)h(put)f(in)n(to)g(equiv)-5 -b(alence)24 b(classes,)f(where)h(all)g(c)n(haracters)d(in)k(the)722 -2017 y(same)i(class)g(will)h(act)f(the)h(same)f(in)h(the)g(lig-k)n(ern) -e(table;)639 2172 y Fp(\017)41 b Fv(Glue)32 b(no)r(des,)f(rule)g(no)r -(des)f(and)h(p)r(enalt)n(y)g(no)r(des)g(can)f(b)r(e)i(inserted)e -(automatically)722 2272 y(in)n(to)e(the)g(stream,)e(exactly)h(as)g(for) -g(k)n(ern)g(no)r(des)g(in)h(T)2405 2290 y(E)2451 2272 -y(X.)639 2427 y Fp(\017)41 b Fv(The)d(lig-k)n(ern)e(program)f(can)i(b)r -(e)h(completely)f(replaced)f(b)n(y)h(an)h Fu(\012)p Fv(TP)f(\(see)h -(sec-)722 2527 y(tion)28 b(8\).)639 2671 y(No)n(w)i(w)n(e)f(b)r(egin)i -(with)f(the)h(\034rst)e(part)h(of)g(the)g(header)f(of)h(a)g(lev)n(el-1) -f Fu(\012)p Fv(FM)h(\034le.)44 b(Here)515 2770 y(are)22 -b(the)i(\034rst)f(17)g(w)n(ords)e(of)j(a)f(lev)n(el-1)f -Fu(\012)p Fv(FM)i(\034le.)35 b(Eac)n(h)23 b(en)n(try)g(b)r(elo)n(w)g -(is)g(a)g(32-bit)g(in)n(teger,)515 2870 y(non-negativ)n(e)j(and)h(less) -g(than)h Fu(2)1554 2840 y Fl(31)1624 2870 y Fv(.)722 -3014 y Fk(ofm-level)93 b Fu(=)83 b(1;)989 3138 y Fk(lf)101 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(length)28 b(of)f(the)h(\034le,)g(in)g(w)n(ords)n -Fu(;)983 3263 y Fk(lh)90 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(length)28 b(of)f(the)h(header)f -(data,)g(in)h(w)n(ords)n Fu(;)976 3387 y Fk(b)l(c)88 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(smallest)27 b(c)n(haracter)e(co)r(de)j(in)g(the)g(fon)n -(t)p Fu(;)976 3512 y Fk(e)l(c)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(largest)26 -b(c)n(haracter)f(co)r(de)j(in)g(the)g(fon)n(t)p Fu(;)943 -3636 y Fk(nw)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f -(in)g(the)h(width)g(table)p Fu(;)958 3761 y Fk(nh)89 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(heigh) -n(t)g(table)o Fu(;)956 3885 y Fk(nd)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er) -27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(depth)g(table)p Fu(;)973 -4010 y Fk(ni)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f -(in)g(the)h(italic)g(correction)e(table)o Fu(;)977 4134 -y Fk(nl)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g -(the)h(lig-k)n(ern)e(table)p Fu(;)960 4259 y Fk(nk)91 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(k)n -(ern)f(table)p Fu(;)962 4384 y Fk(ne)89 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er) -27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(extensible)g(c)n(haracter)d(table)p -Fu(;)959 4508 y Fk(np)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(fon)n(t)f(parameter)f(w)n(ords)o Fu(;)770 4633 -y Fk(font-dir)92 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(direction)27 b(of)h(fon)n(t)o -Fu(;)925 4757 y Fk(nc)l(o)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(o\033set)27 -b(of)h(the)g(c)n(haracter)d(en)n(tries,)i(in)h(w)n(ords)o -Fu(;)904 4882 y Fk(ncw)92 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(c)n(haracter)d(info)j(w)n(ords)n Fu(;)926 5006 -y Fk(np)l(c)87 b Fu(=)c Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(parameters)d(p)r -(er)j(c)n(haracter)n Fg(:)1905 5255 y Fv(13)p eop -%%Page: 14 14 -14 13 bop 515 523 a Fv(Most)34 b(of)h(the)f(en)n(tries)g(in)h(the)g -(\034rst)f(part)g(are)g(as)g(for)g(lev)n(el-0)f(fon)n(ts.)58 -b(The)34 b(new)h(en)n(tries)515 623 y(p)r(ertain)27 b(to)h(ho)n(w)f -(the)g Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)39 b Fv(en)n(tries)27 b(are)f(stored.)639 -789 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(nc)l(o)6 b Fv(:)83 b(This)39 b(v)-5 -b(alue)39 b(giv)n(es)f(the)h(o\033set)g(in)n(to)g(the)h(\034le)f(for)g -(the)h(\034rst)f(w)n(ord)f(of)h(the)722 888 y Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)g -Fv(table.)h(The)28 b Fk(nc)l(o)34 b Fv(v)-5 b(alue)28 -b(is)g(required)f(b)n(y)h(output)h(driv)n(ers,)e(whic)n(h)722 -988 y(need)j(quic)n(k)f(access)f(to)i(the)g(c)n(haracters,)d(ev)n(en)i -(if)h(the)g(total)f(length)h(of)g(the)f(tables)722 1088 -y(preceding)e(them)h(is)g(not)f(easily)g(computed,.)639 -1254 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(ncw)9 b Fv(:)83 b(Since)19 b(man)n(y)g(large)e -(fon)n(ts)i(ha)n(v)n(e)f(large)f(n)n(um)n(b)r(ers)i(of)g(consecutiv)n -(e)e(c)n(haracters)722 1353 y(with)31 b(iden)n(tical)e(metrics.)44 -b(These)30 b(are)f(compressed)f(in)j(lev)n(el-1)d(fon)n(ts,)j(and)e(so) -h(the)722 1453 y(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)24 b(of)g Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)35 -b Fv(en)n(tries)24 b(is)g(not)g(simply)g Fk(e)l(c)17 -b Fp(\000)12 b Fk(b)l(c)j Fu(+)d(1)p Fv(.)35 b(The)24 -b Fk(ncw)33 b Fv(v)-5 b(alue)722 1553 y(giv)n(es)23 b(the)h(n)n(um)n(b) -r(er)f(of)h(w)n(ords)e(used)i(for)f(c)n(haracter)f(information,)i(not)f -(the)h(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)722 1652 y(of)k(en)n(tries.)639 -1818 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(np)l(c)5 b Fv(:)83 b(This)28 b(is)f(the)h(n)n -(um)n(b)r(er)f(of)h(extra)e(parameters)g(p)r(er)i(c)n(haracter.)639 -1984 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(r)l(e)l(al-lf)19 b Fv(:)83 b(This)27 -b(w)n(ould)g(b)r(e)h(the)g(length)g(of)f(the)h(\034le,)g(w)n(ere)f -(there)g(no)g(compression.)639 2150 y(The)g(next)g(t)n(w)n(elv)n(e)f -(en)n(tries)g(come)h(in)g(pairs.)35 b(F)-7 b(or)26 b(eac)n(h)h(kind)g -(of)f(parameter)g(\()p Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)p Fv(,)515 2250 -y Fe(fv)g(alue)p Fv(,)21 b Fe(mv)-10 b(alue)p Fv(,)21 -b Fe(r)n(ule)p Fv(,)g Fe(glue)p Fv(,)g Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)r -Fv(\),)21 b(the)e(\034rst)g(en)n(try)g(states)g(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)f -(tables)515 2350 y(of)39 b(that)h(kind)g(there)f(are,)j(and)d(the)h -(second)f(states)g(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)g(w)n(ords)f(these)h(tables)515 -2449 y(require.)780 2615 y Fk(nki)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)34 b Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)763 -2740 y Fk(nwi)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e -(for)h Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)770 2864 -y Fk(nkf)101 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 -b Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)753 2989 y Fk(nwf)101 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h -Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)739 3113 y Fk(nkm)89 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 b Fe(mv)-10 -b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)722 3238 y Fk(nwm)89 b Fu(=)83 -b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h Fe(mv)-10 -b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)770 3362 y Fk(nkr)91 b Fu(=)83 -b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 b Fe(r)n(ule)27 b Fv(tables)p -Fu(;)753 3487 y Fk(nwr)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h Fe(r)n(ule)g Fv(tables)p Fu(;)768 -3611 y Fk(nkg)90 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 -b Fe(glue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)751 3736 y Fk(nwg)90 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h -Fe(glue)h Fv(tables)o Fu(;)766 3861 y Fk(nkp)88 b Fu(=)83 -b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 b Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)29 -b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)749 3985 y Fk(nwp)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er) -27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)29 b Fv(tables)p -Fg(:)639 4151 y Fv(W)-7 b(e)24 b(m)n(ust)g(ha)n(v)n(e)f(that)h -Fk(b)l(c)15 b Fp(\000)c Fu(1)22 b Fp(\024)h Fk(e)l(c)28 -b Fp(\024)23 b Fu(65535)p Fv(.)33 b(F)-7 b(urthermore,)23 -b(the)h(follo)n(wing)f(iden)n(tit)n(y)515 4251 y(m)n(ust)k(hold:)722 -4417 y Fk(lf)102 b Fu(=)82 b(29)18 b(+)g Fk(lh)25 b Fu(+)18 -b Fk(ncw)28 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nw)27 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nh)25 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nd)27 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(ni)27 b Fu(+)1017 -4541 y(2)18 b Fp(\003)g Fk(nl)27 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nk)27 -b Fu(+)18 b(2)g Fp(\003)g Fk(ne)25 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(np)24 -b Fu(+)1017 4666 y Fk(nki)j Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwi)28 b Fu(+)18 -b Fk(nkf)36 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwf)36 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkm)25 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwm)24 b Fu(+)1017 4790 y Fk(nkr)j Fu(+)18 -b Fk(nwr)28 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkg)25 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwg)26 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkp)24 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwp)6 b Fg(:)515 -4956 y Fv(Finally)-7 b(,)27 b(the)h(sum)g Fk(nki)f Fu(+)18 -b Fk(nkf)37 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkm)24 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkr)27 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkg)26 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkp)33 b Fv(m)n(ust)28 -b(b)r(e)g(less)f(than)h(32.)1905 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-Fv(,)d(whic)n(h)g(corresp)r(onds)515 4508 y(to)e Fk(p)l(ar)l(am)844 -4528 y Fl(0)909 4508 y Fv(if)h(there)g(exists)f(an)g -Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(table.)639 4608 y(W)-7 b(e)35 -b(are)f(no)n(w)g(ready)g(for)g(the)h(c)n(hanged)f(lig-k)n(ern)f(table.) -58 b(There)34 b(are)g(four)g(new)h(in-)515 4707 y(structions,)i(whic)n -(h)f(can)f(b)r(e)i(distinguished)f(b)n(y)f(the)i(fact)f(that)g(the)g -(0-th)g(16-bit)f(en)n(try)515 4807 y(\()p Fk(skip-byte)7 -b Fv(\))34 b(is)f(exactly)f(256.)53 b(In)33 b(that)h(case,)g(then)f -(the)h(1st)f(16-bit)f(en)n(try)h(\()p Fk(next-char)9 -b Fv(\))515 4907 y(de\034nes)31 b(an)g(equiv)-5 b(alence)30 -b(class.)47 b(If)32 b(the)f(next)h(c)n(haracter)d(is)i(of)g(that)g -(equiv)-5 b(alence)31 b(class,)515 5006 y(then)d(the)g(2nd)f(16-bit)g -(en)n(try)g(\(the)h Fk(op-byte)7 b Fv(\))28 b(is)g(in)n(terpreted)f(as) -f(follo)n(ws:)1905 5255 y(17)p eop -%%Page: 18 18 -18 17 bop 575 523 a Fv(17.)40 b(A)n(dd)28 b(the)g(glue)f(no)r(de)h -(de\034ned)g(b)n(y)f(en)n(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)38 b -Fv(in)27 b(the)h(0-th)g(glue)f(table.)575 689 y(18.)40 -b(A)n(dd)g(the)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)f(no)r(de)g(de\034ned)h(b)n(y)f(en)n -(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)49 b Fv(in)40 b(the)f(0-th)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)722 -789 y(table.)575 955 y(19.)h(A)n(dd)25 b(the)f(p)r(enalt)n(y)h(no)r(de) -f(de\034ned)g(b)n(y)g(en)n(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)10 b -Fg(=)p Fu(256)22 b Fv(in)j(the)f(0-th)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)722 -1054 y(table,)h(then)f(add)f(the)h(glue)f(no)r(de)h(de\034ned)g(b)n(y)f -(en)n(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)33 b Fv(mo)r(de)23 b Fu(256)f -Fv(in)i(the)722 1154 y(0-th)k(glue)f(table.)575 1320 -y(20.)40 b(A)n(dd)28 b(the)g(k)n(ern)f(no)r(de)g(de\034ned)h(b)n(y)g -(en)n(try)e Fk(r)l(emainder)38 b Fv(in)28 b(the)g(0-th)f(m)n(v)-5 -b(alue)27 b(table.)515 1552 y Fm(7.6)112 b(Lev)m(el-1)37 -b Fh(\012)p Fm(PL)h(\034les)639 1706 y Fv(The)24 b(lev)n(el-1)e -Fu(\012)p Fv(PL)i(\034les)f(are)g(the)h(text)g(v)n(ersions)d(of)j(lev)n -(el-1)e Fu(\012)p Fv(FM)i(\034les.)35 b(Hence,)25 b(lev)n(el-)515 -1805 y(1)30 b Fu(\012)p Fv(PL)i(\034les)e(con)n(tain)g(six)h(kinds)g -(of)g(new)g(tables:)43 b(in)n(teger)30 b(\()p Fe(iv)-10 -b(alue)p Fv(\),)32 b(\034xed)f(\()p Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)p -Fv(\),)515 1905 y(magni\034able)24 b(\034xed)i(\()p Fe(mv)-10 -b(alue)p Fv(\),)26 b(rule)f(\()p Fe(r)n(ule)p Fv(\),)h(glue)f(\()p -Fe(glue)p Fv(\))i(and)e Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)r Fv(\))25 b(tables.)36 -b(In)515 2005 y(addition,)29 b(the)g(c)n(haracter)e(en)n(tries)i(can)f -(include)i(new)f(parameters,)f(whic)n(h)g(can)h(then)h(b)r(e)515 -2104 y(used)d(in)h(the)g(extended)g(lig-k)n(ern)e(table.)639 -2204 y(W)-7 b(e)25 b(b)r(egin)f(with)h(the)f(new)h(tables.)35 -b(These)24 b(extra)f(tables)h(are)f(n)n(um)n(b)r(ered)h(within)h(eac)n -(h)515 2303 y(class,)h(from)h(0)g(to)g Fg(n)18 b Fp(\000)f -Fu(1)p Fv(,)27 b(where)g Fg(n)g Fv(is)g(the)h(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)f(of)g -(tables)g(in)h(that)f(class.)36 b(T)-7 b(o)27 b(de\034ne,)515 -2403 y(sa)n(y)-7 b(,)26 b(the)i(\034fth)h Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)27 -b Fv(table,)h(one)f(b)r(egins)h(as)e(follo)n(ws:)847 -2502 y Fb(\000)885 2569 y Ft(FONTIVALUE)39 b(H)k(5)h -Fp(h)p Fk(table-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2148 2502 y Fb(\001)639 -2735 y Fv(The)28 b(instructions)f(for)g(de\034ning)h(tables)f(are)888 -2829 y Fb(\000)926 2897 y Ft(FONTIVALUE)123 b Fp(h)p -Fk(table-no)6 b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(table-de\034nition)7 -b Fp(i)2537 2829 y Fb(\001)888 2930 y(\000)926 2997 y -Ft(FONTFVALUE)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(table-no)6 b Fp(i)83 b(h)p -Fk(table-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2537 2930 y Fb(\001)888 -3030 y(\000)926 3097 y Ft(FONTMVALUE)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(table-no)6 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(table-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2537 3030 -y Fb(\001)888 3131 y(\000)926 3198 y Ft(FONTRULE)211 -b Fp(h)p Fk(table-no)6 b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(table-de\034nition)7 -b Fp(i)2537 3131 y Fb(\001)888 3231 y(\000)926 3298 y -Ft(FONTGLUE)211 b Fp(h)p Fk(table-no)6 b Fp(i)83 b(h)p -Fk(table-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2537 3231 y Fb(\001)888 -3332 y(\000)926 3399 y Ft(FONTPENALTY)79 b Fp(h)p Fk(table-no)6 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(table-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2537 3332 -y Fb(\001)639 3561 y Fv(The)26 b(prop)r(ert)n(y)f(lists)g(for)h(these)f -(tables)h(con)n(tain)f(as)g(man)n(y)g(en)n(tries)g(as)g(there)h(are)f -(slots)515 3660 y(in)31 b(the)g(table.)47 b(So)30 b(the)h(fourth)g(en)n -(try)-7 b(,)31 b(starting)f(from)h(0,)g(in)g(a)f(glue)h(table)g(w)n -(ould)f(b)r(egin)515 3760 y(as)d(follo)n(ws:)847 3859 -y Fb(\000)885 3926 y Ft(GLUE)42 b(H)h(4)g Fp(h)p Fk(glue-de\034nition)7 -b Fp(i)1861 3859 y Fb(\001)639 4092 y Fv(The)28 b(instructions)f(for)g -(de\034ning)h(en)n(tries)e(are:)888 4186 y Fb(\000)926 -4253 y Ft(IVALUE)124 b Fp(h)p Fk(entry-no)5 b Fp(i)84 -b(h)p Fk(ivalue-de\034nition)8 b Fp(i)2426 4186 y Fb(\001)888 -4287 y(\000)926 4354 y Ft(FVALUE)124 b Fp(h)p Fk(entry-no)5 -b Fp(i)84 b(h)p Fk(fvalue-de\034nition)8 b Fp(i)2426 -4287 y Fb(\001)888 4387 y(\000)926 4454 y Ft(MVALUE)124 -b Fp(h)p Fk(entry-no)5 b Fp(i)84 b(h)p Fk(mvalue-de\034nition)7 -b Fp(i)2468 4387 y Fb(\001)888 4488 y(\000)926 4555 y -Ft(RULE)212 b Fp(h)p Fk(entry-no)5 b Fp(i)84 b(h)p Fk -(rule-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2355 4488 y Fb(\001)888 4588 -y(\000)926 4655 y Ft(GLUE)212 b Fp(h)p Fk(entry-no)5 -b Fp(i)84 b(h)p Fk(glue-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)2358 4588 -y Fb(\001)888 4688 y(\000)926 4756 y Ft(PENALTY)80 b -Fp(h)p Fk(entry-no)5 b Fp(i)84 b(h)p Fk(p)l(enalty-de\034nition)7 -b Fp(i)2470 4688 y Fb(\001)1905 5255 y Fv(18)p eop -%%Page: 19 19 -19 18 bop 639 523 a Fv(No)n(w)32 b(w)n(e)h(come)f(to)g(the)h -(de\034nitions)g(of)f(the)h(individual)g(en)n(tries.)51 -b(The)33 b(four)f(simple)515 623 y(ones)26 b(are)f(for)h -Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)p Fv(,)27 b Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)p Fv(,)28 -b Fe(mv)-10 b(alue)26 b Fv(and)h Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)p Fv(,)27 -b(whic)n(h)f(are)g(as)g(follo)n(ws:)35 b(The)515 722 -y(instructions)27 b(for)g(de\034ning)g(en)n(tries)g(are:)888 -814 y Fb(\000)926 881 y Ft(IVALUEVAL)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 -b Fp(i)1763 814 y Fb(\001)888 914 y(\000)926 982 y Ft(FVALUEVAL)123 -b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 b Fp(i)1646 914 y Fb(\001)888 -1015 y(\000)926 1082 y Ft(MVALUEVAL)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 -b Fp(i)1646 1015 y Fb(\001)888 1115 y(\000)926 1183 y -Ft(PENALTYVAL)79 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)1763 -1115 y Fb(\001)639 1342 y Fv(with)28 b(some)f(examples:)733 -1505 y Ft(\(IVALUEVAL)39 b(H)k(42\))733 1605 y(\(PENALTYVAL)c(D)k -(1000\))733 1705 y(\(FVALUEVAL)c(R)k(42.0\))733 1804 -y(\(MVALUEVAL)c(R)k(42.0\))639 1968 y Fv(whic)n(h)29 -b(de\034ne)g(an)g(in)n(teger)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)g(hex-42,)f(a)g(p)r -(enalt)n(y)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)g(1000,)e(a)i(\034x-w)n(ord)515 -2067 y(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(of)h(42.0,)e(and)h(a)h(magni\034able)e(\034x-w) -n(ord)g(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(of)f(42.0.)639 2167 y(A)h Fp(h)p -Fk(rule-de\034nition)7 b Fp(i)28 b Fv(con)n(tains)e(three)i(comp)r -(onen)n(ts,)f(eac)n(h)g(defaulting)g(to)h(0:)888 2263 -y Fb(\000)926 2331 y Ft(RULEWD)81 b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 -b Fp(i)1472 2263 y Fb(\001)888 2364 y(\000)926 2431 y -Ft(RULEHT)81 b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 b Fp(i)1472 2364 -y Fb(\001)888 2464 y(\000)926 2531 y Ft(RULEDP)81 b Fp(h)p -Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 b Fp(i)1472 2464 y Fb(\001)639 2691 y -Fv(The)30 b(most)f(complex)g(en)n(tries)f(are)h(for)g(glue,)g(whic)n(h) -g(can)g(tak)n(e)g(sev)n(eral)f(instructions.)515 2790 -y(The)f(\034rst)h(few)g(instructions)f(should)g(b)r(e)h(clear:)888 -2866 y Fb(\000)926 2933 y Ft(GLUEWD)517 b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 -b Fp(i)1908 2866 y Fb(\001)888 2966 y(\000)926 3034 y -Ft(GLUESTRETCH)297 b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 b Fp(i)1908 -2966 y Fb(\001)888 3067 y(\000)926 3134 y Ft(GLUESHRINK)341 -b Fp(h)p Fk(r)l(e)l(al)9 b Fp(i)1908 3067 y Fb(\001)888 -3167 y(\000)926 3234 y Ft(GLUESTRETCHORDER)77 b Fp(h)p -Fk(or)l(der)10 b Fp(i)1969 3167 y Fb(\001)888 3268 y(\000)926 -3335 y Ft(GLUESHRINKORDER)121 b Fp(h)p Fk(or)l(der)10 -b Fp(i)1969 3268 y Fb(\001)639 3499 y Fv(where)27 b Fp(h)p -Fk(or)l(der)10 b Fp(i)28 b Fv(is)g(one)f(of)34 b Ft(UNIT)p -Fv(,)26 b Ft(FI)p Fv(,)h Ft(FIL)p Fv(,)f Ft(FILL)p Fv(,)g -Ft(FILLL)p Fv(.)639 3599 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523 a Ft(\(IVALUEVAL)39 b(H)44 b(1\))994 -623 y(\))863 722 y(\(IVALUE)d(H)i(2)994 822 y(\(IVALUEVAL)c(H)44 -b(2\))994 922 y(\))863 1021 y(\(IVALUE)d(H)i(3)994 1121 -y(\(IVALUEVAL)c(H)44 b(3\))994 1220 y(\))863 1320 y(\))733 -1420 y(\(FONTGLUE)39 b(H)44 b(0)863 1519 y(\(GLUE)e(H)h(0)994 -1619 y(\(GLUETYPE)d(H)j(0\))994 1719 y(\(GLUESTRETCHORDE)o(R)37 -b(NORMAL\))994 1818 y(\(GLUESHRINKORDER)g(NORMAL\))994 -1918 y(\(GLUEWD)k(R)i(0.0\))994 2017 y(\(GLUESTRETCH)c(R)k(0.0\))994 -2117 y(\(GLUESCHRINK)c(R)k(0.0\))863 2217 y(\))863 2316 -y(\(GLUE)f(H)h(1)994 2416 y(\(GLUETYPE)d(H)j(0\))994 -2516 y(\(GLUESTRETCHORDE)o(R)37 b(NORMAL\))994 2615 y -(\(GLUESHRINKORDER)g(NORMAL\))994 2715 y(\(GLUEWD)k(R)i(1.2333)994 -2814 y(\(GLUESTRETCH)c(R)k(4.5555\))994 2914 y(\(GLUESCHRINK)c(R)k -(2.3444\))863 3014 y(\))689 3113 y(\(FONTPENALTY)c(H)k(0)820 -3213 y(\(PENALTY)d(H)j(0)994 3313 y(\(PENALTYVAL)c(H)k(0\))994 -3412 y(\))820 3512 y(\(PENALTY)d(H)j(1)994 3611 y(\(PENALTYVAL)c(H)k -(122A\))994 3711 y(\))820 3811 y(\))639 3977 y Fv(The)32 -b(extra)e(tables)h(can)g(app)r(ear)f(in)i(an)n(y)f(order,)g(but)h(they) -f(m)n(ust)h(all)f(app)r(ear)f Fk(b)l(efor)l(e)515 4076 -y Fv(the)c(\034rst)h(c)n(haracter)d(en)n(try)i(has)f(app)r(eared,)h -(since)g(the)h(c)n(haracter)d(parameters)h(can)h(refer)515 -4176 y(to)h(these)h(tables.)639 4276 y(When)39 b(de\034ning)e(the)i(c)n -(haracter)c(en)n(tries,)40 b(the)e(standard)f(en)n(tries)g(\(width,)k -(heigh)n(t,)515 4375 y(depth)27 b(and)f(italic)g(correction\))f(all)h -(exist.)36 b(One)26 b(can)g(also)f(add)h(parameters)f(to)h(the)h(c)n -(har-)515 4475 y(acters)f(b)n(y)h(referring)f(to)i(the)g(ab)r(o)n(v)n -(e)e(tables.)37 b(The)27 b(syn)n(tax)g(for)g(an)g(en)n(try)g(resem)n -(bles)733 4641 y Ft(\(CHARIVALUE)39 b(H)k(0)g(H)g(2\))639 -4807 y Fv(F)-7 b(or)24 b(this)g(c)n(haracter,)e(it)j(is)f(en)n(try)f(2) -h(in)g Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)24 b Fv(table)g(0)f(that)i(is)f(relev)-5 -b(an)n(t.)34 b(All)25 b(en)n(tries)1905 5255 y(20)p eop -%%Page: 21 21 -21 20 bop 515 523 a Fv(are)26 b(similar:)888 593 y Fb(\000)926 -660 y Ft(CHARIVALUE)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)83 -b(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)2208 593 y Fb(\001)888 694 -y(\000)926 761 y Ft(CHARFVALUE)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)2208 694 y Fb(\001)888 -794 y(\000)926 861 y Ft(CHARMVALUE)123 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)2208 794 y Fb(\001)888 -894 y(\000)926 962 y Ft(CHARRULE)211 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)2208 894 y Fb(\001)888 -995 y(\000)926 1062 y Ft(CHARGLUE)211 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)2208 995 y Fb(\001)888 -1095 y(\000)926 1163 y Ft(CHARPENALTY)79 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 -b Fp(i)83 b(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)9 b Fp(i)2208 1095 y Fb(\001)639 -1316 y Fv(There)21 b(is)g(a)g(sp)r(ecial)g(use)g(for)g(the)h(0-th)f(in) -n(teger)f(table,)i(whic)n(h)g(de\034nes)f(the)h(equiv)-5 -b(alence)515 1416 y(class)26 b(of)i(the)g(c)n(haracter)d(for)i(the)h -(lig-k)n(ern)e(table:)888 1506 y Fb(\000)926 1574 y Ft(CHARIVALUE)40 -b(H)j(0)82 b Fp(h)p Fk(inte)l(ger)10 b Fp(i)1938 1506 -y Fb(\001)639 1732 y Fv(The)25 b(idea)f(is)g(that)h(c)n(haracters)d -(that)j(act)f(similarly)g(with)h(resp)r(ect)f(to)g(their)h(neigh)n(b)r -(or-)515 1832 y(ing)34 b(c)n(haracters)d(should)j(ha)n(v)n(e)f(the)i -(same)e(lig-k)n(ern)g(en)n(try)-7 b(,)35 b(allo)n(wing)e(for)g(the)i -(dramatic)515 1931 y(reduction)27 b(in)h(size)f(of)g(the)h(lig-k)n(ern) -e(table.)37 b(More)27 b(later.)639 2031 y(Also)22 b(to)h(sa)n(v)n(e)e -(space,)i(it)g(is)f(p)r(ossible)g(to)h(state)f(that)h(sev)n(eral)d(c)n -(haracters)g(use)j(the)g(same)515 2131 y(information.)36 -b(This)27 b(is)h(done)f(with)h(the)g Fe(charrepea)-7 -b(t)28 b Fv(instruction:)888 2221 y Fb(\000)926 2288 -y Ft(CHARREPEAT)40 b(H)j(34)g(H)g(42)f Fp(h)p Fk(char)l -(acter-de\034nition)8 b Fp(i)2618 2221 y Fb(\001)639 -2447 y Fv(states)29 b(that)h(c)n(haracters)d Ft(0x34)h -Fv(through)h(to)h Ft(0x76)e Fv(\()p Ft(0x34)p Fv(+)p -Ft(0x42)p Fv(\))e(all)j(use)h(the)g(same)515 2546 y(information.)36 -b(This)27 b(clustering)g(is)h(done)f(automatically)f(b)n(y)i(the)g -Ft(ovp2ovf)c Fv(program.)639 2646 y(The)30 b(lig-k)n(ern)d(table)i -(uses)g(four)g(new)g(instructions)g(for)f(the)i(automatic)f(insertion)f -(of)515 2746 y(k)n(ern,)e(glue)i(and)f(p)r(enalties)h(b)r(et)n(w)n(een) -f(c)n(haracters.)35 b(F)-7 b(or)27 b(example,)733 2904 -y Ft(\(CKRN)41 b(H)i(3)g(H)h(2\))639 3062 y Fv(states)27 -b(that)h(if)g(w)n(e)f(encoun)n(ter)g(this)h(instruction,)f(and)h(the)g -(next)f(c)n(haracter)f(has)h(3)g(in)515 3161 y(its)h(0-th)g -Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(table,)g(then)g(the)h(2-nd)e(en)n(try)g(in)i -(the)f(0-th)g Fe(mv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(table)g(is)f(inserted)515 -3261 y(in)n(to)g(the)h(stream.)36 b(Similarly)-7 b(,)733 -3419 y Ft(\(CGLUE)41 b(H)i(3)g(H)g(2\))639 3577 y Fv(states)27 -b(that)h(if)g(w)n(e)f(encoun)n(ter)g(this)h(instruction,)f(and)h(the)g -(next)f(c)n(haracter)f(has)h(3)g(in)515 3677 y(its)c(0-th)g -Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)24 b Fv(table,)g(then)g(the)g(2-nd)f(en)n(try)g(in)g -(the)h(0-th)f Fe(glue)h Fv(table)f(is)g(inserted)g(in)n(to)515 -3776 y(the)28 b(stream.)36 b(Once)27 b(again,)733 3934 -y Ft(\(CPENALTY)39 b(H)44 b(3)f(H)g(2\))639 4092 y Fv(do)r(es)19 -b(the)g(same)f(thing,)j(except)e(that)g(it)h(inserts)e(the)h(2-nd)g(en) -n(try)f(in)h(the)h(0-th)e Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)515 4192 y -Fv(table)27 b(in)n(to)h(the)f(stream.)37 b(The)27 b(other)g(one)g(is) -733 4350 y Ft(\(CPENGLUE)39 b(H)44 b(3)f(H)g(2)g(H)g(4\))639 -4508 y Fv(whic)n(h)27 b(inserts)f(the)h(2-nd)f(en)n(try)g(in)h(the)g -(0-th)f Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)28 b Fv(table,)f(then)g(the)g(4-th)g(en)n(try) -515 4608 y(in)h(the)g(0-th)f Fe(glue)g Fv(table.)639 -4707 y(The)j Fe(label)g Fv(instruction)f(used)h(in)g(PL)g(\034les)g -(has)f(a)h(v)-5 b(arian)n(t)29 b(called)g Fe(clabel)p -Fv(,)h(whic)n(h)515 4807 y(means)d(that)h(sev)n(eral)e(c)n(haracters)f -(are)h(using)i(the)g(same)f(lig-k)n(ern)f(en)n(try)-7 -b(.)36 b(It)28 b(is)g(this)f(tec)n(h-)515 4907 y(nique)40 -b(that)g(allo)n(ws)f Ft(ovp2ovf)e Fv(to)j(cluster)g(the)g(c)n -(haracters)e(with)j(similar)e(prop)r(erties,)515 5006 -y(otherwise)26 b(eac)n(h)h(w)n(ould)g(p)r(oin)n(t)h(to)f(a)h -(di\033eren)n(t)f(lig-k)n(ern)f(en)n(try)-7 b(.)1905 -5255 y(21)p eop -%%Page: 22 22 -22 21 bop 639 523 a Fv(Our)27 b(example)h(sho)n(ws)f(ho)n(w)g(East)h -(Asian)f(fon)n(ts)h(migh)n(t)g(b)r(e)g(co)r(ded.)38 b(The)28 -b(equiv)-5 b(alence)515 623 y(class)33 b(of)i(a)f(c)n(haracter)f(has)h -(three)h(p)r(ossible)f(v)-5 b(alues:)51 b(1)34 b(for)g(`left')i(c)n -(haracters)c(\(op)r(ening)515 722 y(paren)n(thesis,)41 -b(op)r(ening)e(quote,)j(etc.\),)i(2)39 b(for)g(`middle')h(or)e -(ordinary)g(c)n(haracters,)i(and)515 822 y(3)26 b(for)f(`righ)n(t')h(c) -n(haracters)e(\(closing)h(paren)n(thesis,)h(closing)f(quote,)h(p)r -(erio)r(d,)g(etc.\).)37 b(Here)26 b(is)515 922 y(the)i(lig-k)n(ern)e -(table.)733 1088 y Ft(\(LIGTABLE)863 1187 y(\(CLABEL)41 -b(H)i(1\))863 1287 y(\(CPENGLUE)d(H)j(1)g(H)h(0)f(H)g(0\))863 -1386 y(\(CPENGLUE)d(H)j(2)g(H)h(0)f(H)g(0\))863 1486 -y(\(CPENGLUE)d(H)j(3)g(H)h(0)f(H)g(0\))863 1586 y(\(STOP\))863 -1685 y(\(CLABEL)e(H)i(2\))863 1785 y(\(CGLUE)e(H)j(1)f(H)g(0\))863 -1885 y(\(CGLUE)e(H)j(2)f(H)g(0\))863 1984 y(\(CPENGLUE)d(H)j(3)g(H)h(0) -f(H)g(0\))863 2084 y(\(STOP\))863 2183 y(\(CLABEL)e(H)i(2\))863 -2283 y(\(CGLUE)e(H)j(1)f(H)g(0\))863 2383 y(\(CGLUE)e(H)j(2)f(H)g(0\)) -863 2482 y(\(CPENGLUE)d(H)j(3)g(H)h(0)f(H)g(0\))863 2582 -y(\(STOP\))639 2748 y Fv(Glue)36 b(is)g(inserted)g(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)f -(all)h(pairs)f(of)h(c)n(haracters)d(that)j(are)f(of)h(category)e(1,)j -(2,)515 2848 y(or)25 b(3.)35 b(In)26 b(addition,)g(a)f(p)r(enalt)n(y)h -(is)f(added)h(in)g(fron)n(t)f(of)h(c)n(haracters)d(of)j(category)d(3)i -(\(`righ)n(t')515 2947 y(c)n(haracters\),)30 b(prev)n(en)n(ting)g(a)h -(linebreak)g(just)h(prior)e(to)i(suc)n(h)f(c)n(haracters.)46 -b(A)n(t)32 b(the)g(same)515 3047 y(time,)d(a)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)f(is)h -(added)g(after)f(all)h(o)r(ccurrences)e(of)i(c)n(haracters)d(of)j -(category)e(1)h(\(`left')515 3147 y(c)n(haracters\).)639 -3246 y(Another)j(p)r(ossibilit)n(y)f(is)g(to)g(completely)h(replace)e -(the)i(lig-k)n(ern)e(table,)i(with)g(the)g(in-)515 3346 -y(struction)888 3444 y Fb(\000)926 3511 y Ft(LIGTABLEOCP)79 -b Fp(h)p Fk(o)l(cp-\034le-name)7 b Fp(i)2039 3444 y Fb(\001)639 -3678 y Fv(Here)27 b(the)h Fu(\012)p Fv(CP)g Fp(h)p Fk(o)l -(cp-\034le-name)7 b Fp(i)28 b Fv(will)g(b)r(e)g(used)g(instead)f(of)h -(the)f(lig-k)n(ern)f(table.)515 3910 y Fm(7.7)112 b(Lev)m(el-1)37 -b Fh(\012)p Fm(VF)h(\034les)639 4063 y Fv(The)28 b(lev)n(el-1)e -Fu(\012)p Fv(VF)i(\034les)g(are)e(indistinguishable)h(from)h(lev)n -(el-0)e Fu(\012)p Fv(VF)i(\034les.)515 4296 y Fm(7.8)112 -b(Lev)m(el-1)37 b Fh(\012)p Fm(VP)g(\034les)639 4449 -y Fv(The)31 b(lev)n(el-1)f Fu(\012)p Fv(VP)h(\034les)g(are)f(similar)g -(to)h(lev)n(el-1)e Fu(\012)p Fv(PL)j(\034les)e(for)h(the)g(description) -f(of)515 4549 y(the)38 b(tables.)65 b(F)-7 b(or)37 b(the)h(actual)f(c)n -(haracter)e(la)n(y)n(out)h(stu\033,)41 b(there)c(is)g(no)g -(di\033erence)h(with)515 4648 y(lev)n(el-0)26 b Fu(\012)p -Fv(VP)i(\034les.)1905 5255 y(22)p eop -%%Page: 23 23 -23 22 bop 515 523 a Fm(7.9)112 b(Lev)m(el-2)37 b Fh(\012)p -Fm(FM)i(\034les)639 676 y Fv(The)h(lev)n(el-2)f(fon)n(ts)h(go)f -(further)h(than)g(lev)n(el-1)f(fon)n(ts,)k(in)d(that)h(they)f(supp)r -(ort)g(the)515 776 y(automatic)27 b(placemen)n(t)g(of)g(accen)n(ts,)g -(as)g(ISO-10646)e(requires.)639 876 y(not)41 b(mak)n(e)f(the)h -(assumption)f(that)h(t)n(yp)r(esetting)g(means)f(simply)h(placing)f -(placing)515 975 y(glyphs)24 b(on)h(the)g(baseline,)g(one)f(after)h -(another.)35 b(Example)24 b(applications)g(include)h(the)h(au-)515 -1075 y(tomatic)21 b(placemen)n(t)g(of)h(glue)f(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)g(c)n -(haracters)e(in)j(East)g(Asian)f(scripts,)h(the)g(building)515 -1174 y(of)h(consonen)n(tal)g(clusters)g(for)g(South-Asian)g(and)g -(South-East-Asian)g(scripts,)h(as)f(w)n(ell)h(as)515 -1274 y(the)k(placing)f(of)g(diacritics)g(in)h(Arabic)f(and)g(Hebrew.) -639 1374 y(Lev)n(el-1)c(fon)n(ts)g(are)g(di\033eren)n(t)h(from)f(lev)n -(el-0)g(fon)n(ts)h(at)f(three)h(lev)n(els.)35 b(First,)24 -b(they)g(allo)n(w)515 1473 y(the)k(de\034nition)g(of)f(six)g(new)h -(kinds)f(of)h(table:)639 1639 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(iv)-10 -b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)g(in)n(tegers.)639 -1805 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)22 b Fv(tables)e(con)n(tain)g -(\034xw)n(ord)g(v)-5 b(alues)20 b(that)h(do)g(not)g(gro)n(w)e(with)i -(magni\034cation.)639 1971 y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(mv)-10 b(alue)28 -b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)g(\034xw)n(ord)f(v)-5 b(alues)27 -b(that)h(do)g(gro)n(w)d(with)j(magni\034cation.)639 2136 -y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(r)n(ule)27 b Fv(tables)h(con)n(tain)e(T)1516 -2154 y(E)1563 2136 y(X)i(rule)f(de\034nitions.)639 2302 -y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(glue)28 b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)g(T)1522 -2320 y(E)1568 2302 y(X)h(glue)f(de\034nitions.)639 2468 -y Fp(\017)41 b Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)29 b Fv(tables)f(con)n(tain)e(T)1660 -2486 y(E)1707 2468 y(X)i(p)r(enalt)n(y)f(de\034nitions.)639 -2634 y(There)e(can)h(b)r(e)g(sev)n(eral)d(copies)i(of)h(eac)n(h)f(kind) -g(of)h(table,)g(but)g(for)f(the)h(momen)n(t,)g(there)515 -2733 y(is)h(a)g(maxim)n(um)h(of)f(32)g(new)h(tables)f(in)h(all.)639 -2833 y(These)41 b(new)g(tables)g(can)g(b)r(e)h(used)f(as)f(global)g -(tables,)45 b(or)40 b(can)h(b)r(e)g(indexed)h(on)e(a)515 -2932 y(c)n(haracter-b)n(y-c)n(haracter)21 b(basis)k(in)h(the)h -Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)37 b Fv(en)n(tries,)26 b(whic)n(h)g(de\034ne)g(c)n -(harac-)515 3032 y(ter)34 b(parameters.)55 b(So,)36 b(in)e(addition)g -(to)g(the)h(standard)e(parameters)g(of)h(width,)i(heigh)n(t,)515 -3132 y(depth)j(and)g(italic)g(correction,)h(additional)e(parameters)f -(\(of)i(the)g(six)g(kinds)g(outlined)515 3231 y(ab)r(o)n(v)n(e\))26 -b(can)h(b)r(e)h(giv)n(en)f(for)g(the)h(c)n(haracters.)639 -3331 y(T)-7 b(o)31 b(allo)n(w)f(these)i(new)f(tables)g(to)g(b)r(e)h -(used,)g(c)n(hanges)e(ha)n(v)n(e)g(also)h(b)r(een)g(made)h(to)f(the)515 -3431 y(lig-k)n(ern)26 b(table.)639 3596 y Fp(\017)41 -b Fv(Characters)22 b(can)i(b)r(e)h(put)f(in)n(to)g(equiv)-5 -b(alence)24 b(classes,)f(where)h(all)g(c)n(haracters)d(in)k(the)722 -3696 y(same)i(class)g(will)h(act)f(the)h(same)f(in)h(the)g(lig-k)n(ern) -e(table;)639 3862 y Fp(\017)41 b Fv(Glue)32 b(no)r(des,)f(rule)g(no)r -(des)f(and)h(p)r(enalt)n(y)g(no)r(des)g(can)f(b)r(e)i(inserted)e -(automatically)722 3961 y(in)n(to)e(the)g(stream,)e(exactly)h(as)g(for) -g(k)n(ern)g(no)r(des)g(in)h(T)2405 3979 y(E)2451 3961 -y(X.)639 4127 y Fp(\017)41 b Fv(The)d(lig-k)n(ern)e(program)f(can)i(b)r -(e)h(completely)f(replaced)f(b)n(y)h(an)h Fu(\012)p Fv(TP)f(\(see)h -(sec-)722 4227 y(tion)28 b(8\).)639 4392 y(No)n(w)i(w)n(e)f(b)r(egin)i -(with)f(the)h(\034rst)e(part)h(of)g(the)g(header)f(of)h(a)g(lev)n(el-1) -f Fu(\012)p Fv(FM)h(\034le.)44 b(Here)515 4492 y(are)22 -b(the)i(\034rst)f(17)g(w)n(ords)e(of)j(a)f(lev)n(el-1)f -Fu(\012)p Fv(FM)i(\034le.)35 b(Eac)n(h)23 b(en)n(try)g(b)r(elo)n(w)g -(is)g(a)g(32-bit)g(in)n(teger,)515 4592 y(non-negativ)n(e)j(and)h(less) -g(than)h Fu(2)1554 4561 y Fl(31)1624 4592 y Fv(.)722 -4757 y Fk(ofm-level)93 b Fu(=)83 b(1;)989 4882 y Fk(lf)101 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(length)28 b(of)f(the)h(\034le,)g(in)g(w)n(ords)n -Fu(;)983 5006 y Fk(lh)90 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(length)28 b(of)f(the)h(header)f -(data,)g(in)h(w)n(ords)n Fu(;)1905 5255 y Fv(23)p eop -%%Page: 24 24 -24 23 bop 976 523 a Fk(b)l(c)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(smallest)27 -b(c)n(haracter)e(co)r(de)j(in)g(the)g(fon)n(t)p Fu(;)976 -648 y Fk(e)l(c)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(largest)26 b(c)n(haracter)f(co)r(de)j -(in)g(the)g(fon)n(t)p Fu(;)943 772 y Fk(nw)91 b Fu(=)83 -b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(width)g(table)p -Fu(;)958 897 y Fk(nh)89 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(heigh)n(t)g(table)o Fu(;)956 -1021 y Fk(nd)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f -(in)g(the)h(depth)g(table)p Fu(;)973 1146 y Fk(ni)91 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h -(italic)g(correction)e(table)o Fu(;)977 1270 y Fk(nl)91 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(lig-k) -n(ern)e(table)p Fu(;)960 1395 y Fk(nk)91 b Fu(=)83 b -Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(k)n(ern)f(table)p -Fu(;)962 1519 y Fk(ne)89 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(en)n(tries)f(in)g(the)h(extensible)g(c)n(haracter)d(table)p -Fu(;)959 1644 y Fk(np)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(fon)n(t)f(parameter)f(w)n(ords)o Fu(;)770 1768 -y Fk(font-dir)92 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(direction)27 b(of)h(fon)n(t)o -Fu(;)925 1893 y Fk(nc)l(o)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(o\033set)27 -b(of)h(the)g(c)n(haracter)d(en)n(tries,)i(in)h(w)n(ords)o -Fu(;)904 2017 y Fk(ncw)92 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(c)n(haracter)d(info)j(w)n(ords)n Fu(;)926 2142 -y Fk(np)l(c)87 b Fu(=)c Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(parameters)d(p)r -(er)j(c)n(haracter)n Fg(:)515 2305 y Fv(Most)34 b(of)h(the)f(en)n -(tries)g(in)h(the)g(\034rst)f(part)g(are)g(as)g(for)g(lev)n(el-0)f(fon) -n(ts.)58 b(The)34 b(new)h(en)n(tries)515 2405 y(p)r(ertain)27 -b(to)h(ho)n(w)f(the)g Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)39 b Fv(en)n(tries)27 -b(are)f(stored.)639 2568 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(nc)l(o)6 b -Fv(:)83 b(This)39 b(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(giv)n(es)f(the)h(o\033set)g(in)n -(to)g(the)h(\034le)f(for)g(the)h(\034rst)f(w)n(ord)f(of)h(the)722 -2667 y Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)g Fv(table.)h(The)28 b Fk(nc)l(o)34 -b Fv(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)g(required)f(b)n(y)h(output)h(driv)n(ers,)e -(whic)n(h)722 2767 y(need)j(quic)n(k)f(access)f(to)i(the)g(c)n -(haracters,)d(ev)n(en)i(if)h(the)g(total)f(length)h(of)g(the)f(tables) -722 2867 y(preceding)e(them)h(is)g(not)f(easily)g(computed,.)639 -3031 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(ncw)9 b Fv(:)83 b(Since)19 b(man)n(y)g(large)e -(fon)n(ts)i(ha)n(v)n(e)f(large)f(n)n(um)n(b)r(ers)i(of)g(consecutiv)n -(e)e(c)n(haracters)722 3131 y(with)31 b(iden)n(tical)e(metrics.)44 -b(These)30 b(are)f(compressed)f(in)j(lev)n(el-1)d(fon)n(ts,)j(and)e(so) -h(the)722 3230 y(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)24 b(of)g Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)35 -b Fv(en)n(tries)24 b(is)g(not)g(simply)g Fk(e)l(c)17 -b Fp(\000)12 b Fk(b)l(c)j Fu(+)d(1)p Fv(.)35 b(The)24 -b Fk(ncw)33 b Fv(v)-5 b(alue)722 3330 y(giv)n(es)23 b(the)h(n)n(um)n(b) -r(er)f(of)h(w)n(ords)e(used)i(for)f(c)n(haracter)f(information,)i(not)f -(the)h(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)722 3430 y(of)k(en)n(tries.)639 -3594 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(np)l(c)5 b Fv(:)83 b(This)28 b(is)f(the)h(n)n -(um)n(b)r(er)f(of)h(extra)e(parameters)g(p)r(er)i(c)n(haracter.)639 -3759 y Fp(\017)41 b Fk(r)l(e)l(al-lf)19 b Fv(:)83 b(This)27 -b(w)n(ould)g(b)r(e)h(the)g(length)g(of)f(the)h(\034le,)g(w)n(ere)f -(there)g(no)g(compression.)639 3922 y(The)g(next)g(t)n(w)n(elv)n(e)f -(en)n(tries)g(come)h(in)g(pairs.)35 b(F)-7 b(or)26 b(eac)n(h)h(kind)g -(of)f(parameter)g(\()p Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)p Fv(,)515 4021 -y Fe(fv)g(alue)p Fv(,)21 b Fe(mv)-10 b(alue)p Fv(,)21 -b Fe(r)n(ule)p Fv(,)g Fe(glue)p Fv(,)g Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)r -Fv(\),)21 b(the)e(\034rst)g(en)n(try)g(states)g(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)f -(tables)515 4121 y(of)39 b(that)h(kind)g(there)f(are,)j(and)d(the)h -(second)f(states)g(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)g(w)n(ords)f(these)h(tables)515 -4221 y(require.)780 4384 y Fk(nki)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)34 b Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)763 -4508 y Fk(nwi)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e -(for)h Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)770 4633 -y Fk(nkf)101 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 -b Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)753 4757 y Fk(nwf)101 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h -Fe(fv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)739 4882 y Fk(nkm)89 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 b Fe(mv)-10 -b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)722 5006 y Fk(nwm)89 b Fu(=)83 -b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h Fe(mv)-10 -b(alue)28 b Fv(tables)o Fu(;)1905 5255 y Fv(24)p eop -%%Page: 25 25 -25 24 bop 770 523 a Fk(nkr)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)34 b Fe(r)n(ule)27 b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)753 648 y -Fk(nwr)91 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h -Fe(r)n(ule)g Fv(tables)p Fu(;)768 772 y Fk(nkg)90 b Fu(=)83 -b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 b Fe(glue)28 b Fv(tables)o -Fu(;)751 897 y Fk(nwg)90 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 -b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h Fe(glue)h Fv(tables)o Fu(;)766 -1021 y Fk(nkp)88 b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)34 -b Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)29 b Fv(tables)p Fu(;)749 1146 y Fk(nwp)88 -b Fu(=)83 b Fv(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)27 b(of)h(w)n(ords)e(for)h -Fe(penal)-7 b(ty)29 b Fv(tables)p Fg(:)639 1301 y Fv(W)-7 -b(e)24 b(m)n(ust)g(ha)n(v)n(e)f(that)h Fk(b)l(c)15 b -Fp(\000)c Fu(1)22 b Fp(\024)h Fk(e)l(c)28 b Fp(\024)23 -b Fu(65535)p Fv(.)33 b(F)-7 b(urthermore,)23 b(the)h(follo)n(wing)f -(iden)n(tit)n(y)515 1400 y(m)n(ust)k(hold:)722 1555 y -Fk(lf)102 b Fu(=)82 b(29)18 b(+)g Fk(lh)25 b Fu(+)18 -b Fk(ncw)28 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nw)27 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nh)25 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nd)27 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(ni)27 b Fu(+)1017 -1680 y(2)18 b Fp(\003)g Fk(nl)27 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nk)27 -b Fu(+)18 b(2)g Fp(\003)g Fk(ne)25 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(np)24 -b Fu(+)1017 1804 y Fk(nki)j Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwi)28 b Fu(+)18 -b Fk(nkf)36 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwf)36 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkm)25 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwm)24 b Fu(+)1017 1929 y Fk(nkr)j Fu(+)18 -b Fk(nwr)28 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkg)25 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwg)26 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkp)24 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nwp)6 b Fg(:)515 -2084 y Fv(Finally)-7 b(,)27 b(the)h(sum)g Fk(nki)f Fu(+)18 -b Fk(nkf)37 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkm)24 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkr)27 -b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkg)26 b Fu(+)18 b Fk(nkp)33 b Fv(m)n(ust)28 -b(b)r(e)g(less)f(than)h(32.)639 2183 y(The)h(rest)f(of)h(the)g(\034le)g -(is)f(comp)r(osed)g(of)h(a)f(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)h(of)g(arra)n(ys.)37 -b(The)29 b(new)g(parameter)515 2283 y(tables)e(are)g(placed)h(b)r -(efore)g(the)g(standard)f(dimension)h(tables,)g(as)f(it)i(is)f -(di\036cult)g(to)g(esti-)515 2383 y(mate)c(space)g(requiremen)n(ts)g -(without)h(ha)n(ving)e(read)h(the)h(new)g(tables.)36 -b(F)-7 b(urthermore,)24 b(the)515 2482 y(c)n(haracter)g(parameter)h -(indices)h(in)h(the)g Fk(char-info-wor)l(d)37 b Fv(en)n(tries)26 -b(are)f(relativ)n(e)h(and)g(m)n(ust)515 2582 y(b)r(e)i(translated)e(in) -n(to)i(an)f(absolute)g(reference)f(in)n(to)i(the)g(tables.)1277 -2850 y Fk(he)l(ader)93 b Fu(:)83 b Ff(arra)m(y)27 b Fu([0)p -Fg(::)p Fk(lh)e Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1])23 b Ff(of)32 b Fk(stu\033)1186 -2975 y(ivalue-no)89 b Fu(:)83 b Ff(arra)m(y)27 b Fu([0)p -Fg(::)p Fk(nki)g Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1])k Ff(of)32 b Fk(inte)l(ger)1186 -3099 y(fvalue-no)89 b Fu(:)83 b Ff(arra)m(y)27 b Fu([0)p -Fg(::)p Fk(nkf)36 b Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1])k Ff(of)32 b Fk(inte)l(ger)1144 -3224 y(mvalue-no)88 b Fu(:)83 b Ff(arra)m(y)27 b Fu([0)p -Fg(::)p Fk(nkm)d Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1])23 b Ff(of)32 b Fk(inte)l(ger)1257 -3349 y(rule-no)88 b Fu(:)83 b Ff(arra)m(y)27 b Fu([0)p -Fg(::)p Fk(nkr)g Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1])k Ff(of)32 b 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b(to)g Fu(\()p -Fk(no-r)l(ep)l(e)l(ats)17 b Fu(+)10 b(1\))23 b Fv(c)n(haracters.)639 -1535 y(If)33 b(the)f Fk(ext-tag)38 b Fv(bit)33 b(is)e(on,)i(then)f(the) -h(lig-k)n(ern)d(en)n(try)h(p)r(oin)n(ted)h(to)g(b)n(y)f -Fk(r)l(emainder)42 b Fv(is)515 1635 y(shared)27 b(with)j(all)e(the)h -(other)f(c)n(haracters)e(in)j(its)g Fk(e)l(quivalenc)l(e)j(class)p -Fv(,)d(whic)n(h)g(corresp)r(onds)515 1734 y(to)e Fk(p)l(ar)l(am)844 -1754 y Fl(0)909 1734 y Fv(if)h(there)g(exists)f(an)g -Fe(iv)-10 b(alue)28 b Fv(table.)639 1834 y(W)-7 b(e)35 -b(are)f(no)n(w)g(ready)g(for)g(the)h(c)n(hanged)f(lig-k)n(ern)f(table.) -58 b(There)34 b(are)g(four)g(new)h(in-)515 1933 y(structions,)i(whic)n -(h)f(can)f(b)r(e)i(distinguished)f(b)n(y)f(the)i(fact)f(that)g(the)g -(0-th)g(16-bit)f(en)n(try)515 2033 y(\()p Fk(skip-byte)7 -b Fv(\))34 b(is)f(exactly)f(256.)53 b(In)33 b(that)h(case,)g(then)f -(the)h(1st)f(16-bit)f(en)n(try)h(\()p Fk(next-char)9 -b Fv(\))515 2133 y(de\034nes)31 b(an)g(equiv)-5 b(alence)30 -b(class.)47 b(If)32 b(the)f(next)h(c)n(haracter)d(is)i(of)g(that)g -(equiv)-5 b(alence)31 b(class,)515 2232 y(then)d(the)g(2nd)f(16-bit)g -(en)n(try)g(\(the)h Fk(op-byte)7 b Fv(\))28 b(is)g(in)n(terpreted)f(as) -f(follo)n(ws:)575 2384 y(17.)40 b(A)n(dd)28 b(the)g(glue)f(no)r(de)h -(de\034ned)g(b)n(y)f(en)n(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)38 b -Fv(in)27 b(the)h(0-th)g(glue)f(table.)575 2542 y(18.)40 -b(A)n(dd)g(the)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)f(no)r(de)g(de\034ned)h(b)n(y)f(en)n -(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)49 b Fv(in)40 b(the)f(0-th)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)722 -2642 y(table.)575 2800 y(19.)h(A)n(dd)25 b(the)f(p)r(enalt)n(y)h(no)r -(de)f(de\034ned)g(b)n(y)g(en)n(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)10 -b Fg(=)p Fu(256)22 b Fv(in)j(the)f(0-th)g(p)r(enalt)n(y)722 -2900 y(table,)h(then)f(add)f(the)h(glue)f(no)r(de)h(de\034ned)g(b)n(y)f -(en)n(try)g Fk(r)l(emainder)33 b Fv(mo)r(de)23 b Fu(256)f -Fv(in)i(the)722 3000 y(0-th)k(glue)f(table.)575 3158 -y(20.)40 b(A)n(dd)28 b(the)g(k)n(ern)f(no)r(de)g(de\034ned)h(b)n(y)g -(en)n(try)e Fk(r)l(emainder)38 b Fv(in)28 b(the)g(0-th)f(m)n(v)-5 -b(alue)27 b(table.)515 3430 y Fw(8)131 b Fo(\012)43 b -Fw(T)-11 b(ranslation)45 b(Pro)t(cesses)639 3611 y Fv(The)38 -b(c)n(hanges)d(describ)r(ed)i(ab)r(o)n(v)n(e)f(are)g(v)n(ery)g(useful,) -k(and)d(allo)n(w)f(the)i(resolution)e(of)515 3711 y(sev)n(eral)c -(problems.)57 b(Ho)n(w)n(ev)n(er,)35 b(they)f(do)h(not)f(radically)f -(alter)h(the)h(structure)f(of)g(T)3247 3729 y(E)3294 -3711 y(X.)515 3811 y(This)i(is)g(not)g(the)h(case)e(for)g(the)i -Fu(\012)f Fv(T)-7 b(ranslation)35 b(Pro)r(cesses,)i(whic)n(h)f(allo)n -(w)f(text)i(to)f(b)r(e)515 3910 y(passed)g(through)f(an)n(y)h(n)n(um)n -(b)r(er)h(of)f(\034nite)h(state)g(automata,)h(in)e(order)g(to)g(imp)r -(ose)h(the)515 4010 y(required)26 b(e\033ects.)639 4110 -y(These)32 b(pro)r(cesses)e(are)g(necessary)g(for)h(translating)g(one)g -(c)n(haracter)f(set)h(to)h(another.)515 4209 y(They)26 -b(are)e(also)h(used)h(to)g(c)n(ho)r(ose)f(the)h(v)-5 -b(arious)24 b(forms)i(of)g(letters)f(in)h(Arabic,)g(or)f(to)h(create) -515 4309 y(consonen)n(tal)18 b(clusters)h(in)i(Khmer,)g(or)e(to)h -(rearrange)d(letter)i(order)g(in)h(Indic)h(scripts.)33 -b(They)515 4408 y(could)24 b(also)g(o\033er)h(alternativ)n(e)e(means)i -(of)f(c)n(hanging)g(texts)h(to)g(upp)r(er)g(or)f(lo)n(w)n(er)f(case)h -(or)g(to)515 4508 y(h)n(yphenate)j(texts.)639 4608 y(Eac)n(h)d -(translation)f(pro)r(cess)g(is)g(placed)h(in)g(a)g(\034le)g(with)h(the) -f(su\036x)g Ft(.otp)p Fv(.)34 b(Its)24 b(syn)n(tax)f(is)515 -4707 y(similar)i(but)h(not)g(iden)n(tical)f(to)h(a)f -Ft(lex)g Fv(or)g Ft(flex)f Fv(\034le)i(on)f(Unix.)37 -b(Examples)26 b(of)f(translation)515 4807 y(pro)r(cesses)h(can)h(b)r(e) -h(found)g(in)g(the)g Ft(texmf/omega/otp)21 b Fv(directory)-7 -b(.)639 4907 y(An)26 b Ft(.otp)f Fv(\034le)h(de\034nes)f(a)h(\034nite)g -(state)g(automaton)e(that)i(transforms)f(an)g(input)i(c)n(har-)515 -5006 y(acter)f(stream)h(in)n(to)h(an)f(output)h(c)n(haracter)d(stream.) -36 b(It)28 b(consists)f(of)h(six)f(parts:)1905 5255 y(29)p -eop -%%Page: 30 30 -30 29 bop 689 510 a Fk(Input)689 609 y(Output)689 709 -y(T)-6 b(ables)689 809 y(States)689 908 y(A)n(liases)689 -1008 y(Expr)l(essions)515 1103 y Fv(where)28 b(the)h -Fk(Expr)l(essions)37 b Fv(actually)28 b(state)h(what)f(translations)g -(tak)n(e)g(place)g(and)h(in)g(what)515 1203 y(situation.)639 -1303 y(In)37 b(what)g(follo)n(ws,)h Fg(n)e Fv(refers)g(to)g(a)h(p)r -(ositiv)n(e)f(in)n(teger)f(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)i(0)f(and)h -Fu(2)3005 1272 y Fl(24)3099 1303 y Fp(\000)24 b Fu(1)p -Fv(.)64 b(It)515 1402 y(can)25 b(b)r(e)h(giv)n(en)f(in)h(decimal)f -(form,)h(o)r(ctal)f(form)h(\(preceded)f(b)n(y)i Ft(@')p -Fv(\))e(or)g(hexadecimal)f(form)515 1502 y(\(preceded)f(b)n(y)i -Ft(@")p Fv(\).)35 b(Hexadecimal)23 b(n)n(um)n(b)r(ers)h(can)f(use)h(b)r -(oth)g(min)n(uscule)g(and)g(ma)5 b(juscule)515 1601 y(letters)29 -b(to)g(express)f(the)i(digits)f Fk(a\025f)p Fv(.)44 b(Num)n(b)r(ers)29 -b(can)g(also)f(b)r(e)i(giv)n(en)f(in)g(c)n(haracter)e(form:)515 -1701 y(a)i(prin)n(table)h Fe(asci)r(i)g Fv(c)n(haracter,)e(when)i -(placed)g(inside)g(a)f(pair)h(of)f(quotes,)h(generates)f(the)515 -1801 y Fe(asci)r(i)f Fv(co)r(de)f(for)g(that)h(c)n(haracter.)35 -b(F)-7 b(or)27 b(example,)g Ft(`a')f Fv(is)i(equiv)-5 -b(alen)n(t)27 b(to)h Ft(@"61)p Fv(.)639 1900 y(The)j -Fk(Input)38 b Fv(part)30 b(states)g(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)g(o)r(ctets)h(are) -e(in)i(eac)n(h)f(input)i(c)n(haracter.)44 b(If)31 b(the)515 -2000 y(section)h(is)h(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)34 b(then)f(the)g(default)g(v)-5 -b(alue)33 b(is)g(2,)g(since)g(w)n(e)f(hop)r(e)h(that)g(Unico)r(de)g -(will)515 2100 y(b)r(ecome)f(the)h(standard)f(means)g(of)h(comm)n -(unication)f(in)h(the)g(future.)53 b(If)33 b(the)g(section)f(is)515 -2199 y(not)27 b(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)28 b(it)g(m)n(ust)g(b)r(e)g(of)f(the)h -(form)847 2365 y Ft(input:)20 b Fk(in)7 b Ft(;)639 2531 -y Fv(where)27 b Fk(in)34 b Fv(states)28 b(ho)n(w)e(man)n(y)h(o)r(ctets) -h(are)f(in)g(eac)n(h)g(input)h(c)n(haracter.)639 2631 -y(The)34 b Fk(Output)39 b Fv(part)33 b(states)g(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)g(o)r -(ctets)g(are)f(in)i(eac)n(h)f(output)g(c)n(haracter.)53 -b(If)515 2730 y(the)34 b(section)f(is)h(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)35 -b(then)f(the)g(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(is)g(2,)g(since)g(w)n(e)f -(hop)r(e)h(that)g(Unico)r(de)515 2830 y(will)27 b(b)r(ecome)h(the)g -(standard)e(means)h(of)g(comm)n(unication)g(in)h(the)g(future.)37 -b(If)28 b(the)g(section)515 2930 y(is)f(not)h(empt)n(y)-7 -b(,)28 b(it)g(m)n(ust)f(b)r(e)h(of)g(the)g(form)847 3096 -y Ft(output:)20 b Fk(out)7 b Ft(;)639 3262 y Fv(where)27 -b Fk(out)35 b Fv(states)27 b(ho)n(w)g(man)n(y)g(o)r(ctets)h(are)e(in)i -(eac)n(h)f(output)h(c)n(haracter.)639 3361 y(The)k Fk(T)-6 -b(ables)39 b Fv(part)31 b(is)g(used)g(for)g(de\034ning)g(tables)g(that) -h(will)f(b)r(e)h(referred)e(to)h(later)g(in)515 3461 -y(the)26 b(expressions.)35 b(Often,)27 b(translations)e(from)g(one)h(c) 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y(states)e(and)h(iden)n(tify)g(expressions)f(with)h(state)g -(names,)g(in)h(order)d(to)i(express)f(what)h(ex-)515 -4723 y(pressions)g(apply)h(when.)51 b(This)32 b(section)g(can)g(b)r(e)h -(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)34 b(in)e(whic)n(h)h(case)e(there)h(is)h(only)515 -4823 y(one)27 b(state.)37 b(If)28 b(it)g(is)f(not)h(empt)n(y)-7 -b(,)27 b(it)h(is)g(of)f(the)h(form)847 4989 y Ft(states:)20 -b Fk(id)1251 4952 y Fl(+)1306 4989 y Ft(;)1905 5255 y -Fv(30)p eop -%%Page: 31 31 -31 30 bop 639 523 a Fv(where)27 b(the)h(iden)n(ti\034ers)f(in)h -Fk(id)1577 486 y Fl(+)1659 523 y Fv(are)f(comma-separated.)639 -623 y(The)k Fk(A)n(liases)38 b Fv(part)30 b(is)h(used)g(to)f(simplify)h -(the)g(de\034nition)g(of)g(the)g(left)g(hand)g(sides)f(of)515 -722 y(the)i(expressions.)48 b(Eac)n(h)32 b(expression)e(consists)h(of)h -(a)g(left-hand)g(side,)h(in)f(the)g(form)g(of)f(a)515 -822 y(simpli\034ed)23 b(regular)d(expression,)i(and)g(of)h(a)f(righ)n -(t-hand)f(side,)j(whic)n(h)e(states)g(what)g(should)515 -922 y(b)r(e)33 b(done)g(with)h(a)e(recognized)g(string.)53 -b(T)-7 b(o)32 b(simplify)i(the)f(de\034nitions)g(of)g(the)h(left-hand) -515 1021 y(sides,)e(aliases)d(can)i(b)r(e)h(used.)48 -b(This)31 b(section)g(can)g(b)r(e)h(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)32 -b(in)f(whic)n(h)h(case)e(there)h(are)515 1121 y(no)c(aliases.)35 -b(If)28 b(it)g(is)g(not)f(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)28 b(it)g(is)g(of)f(the)h -(form)847 1287 y Ft(aliases:)19 b Fk(alias)1391 1250 -y Fl(+)639 1453 y Fv(where)27 b(eac)n(h)g Fk(alias)36 -b Fv(is)27 b(of)h(the)g(form)847 1619 y Fk(id)k Ft(=)23 -b Fk(left)8 b Ft(;)639 1785 y Fv(and)28 b Fk(left)36 -b Fv(is)27 b(de\034ned)h(b)r(elo)n(w.)639 1885 y(The)38 -b Fk(Expr)l(essions)45 b Fv(part)37 b(is)g(the)h(v)n(ery)e(reason)g -(for)h(an)g Ft(.otp)f Fv(\034le.)66 b(It)38 b(states)f(what)515 -1984 y(translations)26 b(m)n(ust)h(tak)n(e)g(place,)g(and)h(when.)37 -b(It)28 b(cannot)f(b)r(e)h(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)28 b(and)f(its)h(syn)n(tax)e -(is)847 2150 y Ft(expressions:)18 b Fk(expr)1556 2116 -y Fl(+)639 2316 y Fv(Eac)n(h)28 b Fk(expr)36 b Fv(is)28 -b(of)f(the)h(form)847 2482 y Fk(leftState)h(totalL)l(eft)i(right)h -(pushBack)h(rightState)7 b Ft(;)639 2648 y Fv(where)30 -b Fk(leftState)36 b Fv(de\034nes)30 b(the)g(state)g(for)g(whic)n(h)g -(this)g(expression)e(is)i(applicable,)g Fk(to-)515 2748 -y(talL)l(eft)i Fv(de\034nes)25 b(the)f(left-hand-side)g(regular)f -(expression,)g Fk(right)33 b Fv(de\034nes)25 b(the)f(c)n(haracters)515 -2848 y(to)38 b(b)r(e)i(output,)i Fk(pushBack)49 b Fv(states)39 -b(what)f(c)n(haracters)f(m)n(ust)i(b)r(e)g(added)f(to)h(the)g(input)515 -2947 y(stream)26 b(and)i Fk(rightState)34 b Fv(giv)n(es)26 -b(the)i(new)g(state.)639 3047 y(In)n(tuitiv)n(ely)-7 -b(,)31 b(if)f(the)g(automaton)f(is)h(in)g(macro-state)e -Fk(leftState)36 b Fv(and)29 b(the)i(regular)d(ex-)515 -3147 y(pression)39 b Fk(totalL)l(eft)49 b Fv(corresp)r(onds)38 -b(to)i(a)h(pre\034x)f(of)g(the)h(curren)n(t)e(input)j(stream,)h(then) -515 3246 y(\(1\))34 b(the)h(input)g(stream)f(is)g(adv)-5 -b(anced)34 b(to)h(the)f(end)h(of)g(the)f(recognized)f(pre\034x,)j -(\(2\))f(the)515 3346 y(c)n(haracters)c(generated)i(b)n(y)g(the)h -Fk(right)42 b Fv(expression)33 b(are)f(put)j(on)n(to)e(the)h(output)g -(stream,)515 3445 y(\(3\))d(the)g(c)n(haracters)e(generated)h(b)n(y)g -(the)i Fk(pushBack)41 b Fv(stream)30 b(are)g(placed)h(at)g(the)g(b)r -(egin-)515 3545 y(ning)25 b(of)g(the)h(input)h(stream)d(and)h(\(4\))h -(the)g(system)f(c)n(hanges)f(to)h(the)h(macro-state)e(de\034ned)515 -3645 y(b)n(y)j Fk(rightState)p Fv(.)639 3744 y(The)h -Fk(leftState)34 b Fv(\034eld)27 b(can)h(b)r(e)g(empt)n(y)-7 -b(.)37 b(If)28 b(it)g(is)f(not,)h(its)f(syn)n(tax)g(is)847 -3910 y Ft(<)o Fk(id)10 b Ft(>)639 4076 y Fv(The)28 b(syn)n(tax)e(for)i -Fk(totalL)l(eft)35 b Fv(is)847 4242 y Ft(beg:)n Fu(?)23 -b Fk(left)1204 4206 y Fl(+)1282 4242 y Ft(end:)n Fu(?)639 -4408 y Fv(The)31 b Ft(beg:)p Fv(,)g(if)g(presen)n(t,)g(will)g(only)g -(matc)n(h)g(the)g(string)f(if)i(it)f(is)g(at)g(the)g(b)r(eginning)g(of) -515 4508 y(the)d(input.)38 b(The)28 b Ft(end:)p Fv(,)e(if)j(presen)n -(t,)e(will)h(only)f(matc)n(h)h(the)g(string)f(if)h(it)h(is)e(at)h(the)g -(end)g(of)515 4608 y(the)g(input.)639 4707 y(The)g(syn)n(tax)e(for)i -Fk(left)35 b Fv(is)28 b(giv)n(en)f(b)n(y)722 4873 y Fk(left)92 -b Fu(::=)82 b Fg(n)969 4998 y Fp(j)127 b Fg(n)p Ft(-)p -Fg(n)1905 5255 y Fv(31)p eop -%%Page: 32 32 -32 31 bop 969 523 a Fp(j)127 b Ft(.)969 648 y Fp(j)g -Ft(\()p Fk(left)1283 611 y Fl(+)1338 648 y Ft(\))969 -772 y Fp(j)g Ft(^\()o Fk(left)1327 735 y Fl(+)1382 772 -y Ft(\))969 897 y Fp(j)g(f)p Fk(id)9 b Fp(g)969 1021 -y(j)127 b Fk(left)32 b Ft(<)o Fg(n)p Ft(,)p Fg(n)p Fu(?)p -Ft(>)515 1312 y Fv(where)e(the)g Fk(left)1024 1275 y -Fl(+)1109 1312 y Fv(means)g(a)g(series)g(of)g Fk(left)39 -b Fv(separated)29 b(b)n(y)h(v)n(ertical)f(bars.)44 b(Therefore,)30 -b Fg(n)515 1411 y Fv(means)35 b(a)g(single)g(n)n(um)n(b)r(er,)j -Fg(n)p Ft(-)o Fg(n)e Fv(is)f(a)h(range,)g Ft(.)f Fv(is)h(a)f(wildcard)g -(c)n(haracter,)h Ft(\()o Fk(left)3189 1375 y Fl(+)3244 -1411 y Ft(\))f Fv(is)515 1511 y(a)e(c)n(hoice,)h Ft(^\()p -Fk(left)1075 1474 y Fl(+)1130 1511 y Ft(\))f Fv(is)h(the)g(negation)f -(of)g(a)h(c)n(hoice,)g Ft({)p Fk(id)9 b Ft(})33 b Fv(is)h(the)g(use)g -(of)f(an)h(alias)e(and)515 1611 y Fk(left)8 b Ft(<)p -Fg(n)p Ft(,)o Fg(n)p Fu(?)p Ft(>)28 b Fv(means)f(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)h -Fg(n)g Fv(and)g Fg(n)1798 1580 y Fc(0)1849 1611 y Fv(o)r(ccurrences)e -(of)i Fk(left)p Fv(.)39 b(Should)28 b(there)g(b)r(e)g(no)g -Fg(n)3333 1580 y Fc(0)3356 1611 y Fv(,)515 1710 y(then)g(the)g -(expression)e(means)h(at)g(least)g Fg(n)h Fv(o)r(ccurrences.)639 -1810 y(The)g(syn)n(tax)e(for)i Fk(right)36 b Fv(is)847 -1976 y Ft(=>)22 b Fk(stringExpr)1345 1939 y Fl(+)639 -2142 y Fv(while)28 b(that)g(for)f Fk(pushBack)p Fv(,)i(if)f(it)g(is)g -(not)f(empt)n(y)-7 b(,)28 b(is)847 2308 y Ft(<=)22 b -Fk(stringExpr)1345 2271 y Fl(+)639 2474 y Fv(The)34 b -Fk(right)43 b Fv(expression)32 b(corresp)r(onds)g(to)i(the)g(c)n 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Ft(OTP_GOTO_GE)454 -b Fv(2)27 b(argumen)n(ts)668 2516 y(33)110 b Ft(OTP_GOTO_NO_ADV)o(AN)o -(CE)104 b Fv(1)27 b(argumen)n(t)668 2615 y(34)110 b Ft(OTP_GOTO_BEG)410 -b Fv(1)27 b(argumen)n(t)668 2715 y(35)110 b Ft(OTP_GOTO_END)410 -b Fv(1)27 b(argumen)n(t)668 2814 y(36)110 b Ft(OTP_STOP)586 -b Fv(0)27 b(argumen)n(ts)639 3097 y(The)k Ft(OTP_LEFT)p -Fv(,)c Ft(OTP_GOTO)g Fv(and)j Ft(OTP_STOP)d Fv(instructions)j(are)f -(used)h(for)g(recogniz-)515 3196 y(ing)i(pre\034xes)g(in)h(an)f(input)i -(stream.)51 b(The)33 b Ft(OTP_RIGHT)c Fv(instructions)j(place)g(c)n -(haracters)515 3296 y(on)e(the)h(output)g(stream,)g(while)g(the)g -Ft(OTP_PBACK)c Fv(instructions)j(place)h(c)n(haracters)d(bac)n(k)515 -3396 y(on)n(to)h(the)h(input)h(stream.)43 b(The)30 b(instructions)g -Ft(OTP_ADD)d Fv(through)i(to)h Ft(OTP_PUSH_LCHAR)515 -3495 y Fv(are)c(used)i(for)f(in)n(ternal)g(computations)g(in)g -(preparation)f(for)h Ft(OTP_RIGHT)d Fv(or)j Ft(OTP_PBACK)515 -3595 y Fv(instructions.)35 b(Finally)-7 b(,)24 b(the)g -Ft(OTP_STATE)19 b Fv(instructions)k(are)f(for)h(c)n(hanging)f -(macro-states.)639 3694 y(The)32 b(system)g(that)h(reads)e(from)h(the)g -(input)h(stream)f(uses)f(t)n(w)n(o)h(p)r(oin)n(ters,)g(whic)n(h)g(w)n -(e)515 3794 y(will)22 b(call)h Fk(\034rst)29 b Fv(and)23 -b Fk(last)p Fv(.)35 b(The)23 b Fk(\034rst)29 b Fv(v)-5 -b(alue)23 b(p)r(oin)n(ts)f(to)h(the)f(b)r(eginning)h(of)f(the)h(input)h -(pre\034x)515 3894 y(that)k(is)f(curren)n(tly)g(b)r(eing)g(iden)n -(ti\034ed.)37 b(The)28 b Fk(last)36 b Fv(v)-5 b(alue)27 -b(p)r(oin)n(ts)h(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h(input)515 -3993 y(pre\034x)d(that)i(has)f(b)r(een)g(read.)36 b(When)26 -b(a)g(pre\034x)g(has)g(b)r(een)g(recognized,)f(then)i -Fk(\034rst)33 b Fv(p)r(oin)n(ts)515 4093 y(to)27 b Ft(\\1)g -Fv(and)g Fk(last)36 b Fv(p)r(oin)n(ts)28 b(to)f Ft(\\$)p -Fv(.)639 4193 y(The)k Ft(OTP_LEFT_START)25 b Fv(instruction,)31 -b(called)g(at)f(the)h(b)r(eginning)g(of)g(the)g(parsing)e(of)515 -4292 y(a)34 b(pre\034x,)h(adv)-5 b(ances)33 b Fk(\034rst)41 -b Fv(to)35 b Fk(last)23 b Fu(+)f(1)p Fv(;)37 b Ft(OTP_LEFT_RETURN)28 -b Fv(resets)33 b(the)i Fk(last)42 b Fv(v)-5 b(alue)34 -b(to)515 4392 y Fk(\034rst)19 b Fp(\000)g Fu(1)29 b Fv(\(it)i(is)e -(called)h(when)f(a)h(particular)e Fk(left)38 b Fv(pattern)29 -b(do)r(es)h(not)f(corresp)r(ond)f(to)i(the)515 4491 y(pre\034x\);)d -Ft(OTP_LEFT_BACKUP)21 b Fv(bac)n(ks)27 b(up)h(the)g Fk(last)35 -b Fv(p)r(oin)n(ter)28 b(b)n(y)f(1.)639 4591 y(In)n(ternally)-7 -b(,)35 b(a)e Fu(\012)p Fv(CP)i(program)d(uses)h(a)h(program)d(coun)n -(ter)i(\(PC\),)i(whic)n(h)f(is)g(simply)515 4691 y(an)39 -b(index)h(in)n(to)g(the)g(appropriate)e(state)i(arra)n(y)-7 -b(.)71 b(Lik)n(e)39 b(for)h(all)f(assem)n(bler)f(programs,)515 -4790 y(this)d(coun)n(ter)f(is)g(normally)g(incremen)n(ted)g(b)n(y)h(1)f -(or)g(2,)i(dep)r(ending)f(on)f(the)i(size)e(of)h(the)515 -4890 y(instruction,)27 b(but)h(it)g(can)f(b)r(e)h(abruptly)g(c)n -(hanged)e(through)h(an)g Ft(OTP_GOTO)d Fv(instruction.)639 -4990 y(The)i(argumen)n(t)f(in)h(single-argumen)n(t)e -Ft(OTP_GOTO)f Fv(instructions)i(is)h(the)g(new)g(PC.)h(F)-7 -b(or)1905 5255 y(36)p eop -%%Page: 37 37 -37 36 bop 515 523 a Fv(the)38 b(t)n(w)n(o-argumen)n(t)e(instructions,)k -(the)f(\034rst)f(is)g(the)g(comparand)f(and)h(the)h(second)e(is)515 -623 y(the)j(new)f(PC)h(should)f(the)h(test)g(succeed.)72 -b(The)40 b Ft(OTP_GOTO)c Fv(instruction)j(itself)h(is)f(an)515 -722 y(unconditional)26 b(branc)n(h;)g Ft(OTP_GOTO_NO_ADVAN)o(CE)20 -b Fv(adv)-5 b(ances)26 b Fk(last)35 b Fv(b)n(y)27 b(1,)g(and)f(branc)n -(hes)515 822 y(if)37 b(has)f(reac)n(hed)f(the)i(end)g(of)f(input;)42 -b Ft(OTP_GOTO_BEG)32 b Fv(branc)n(hes)j(at)i(the)g(b)r(eginning)f(of) -515 922 y(input)29 b(and)f Ft(OTP_GOTO_END)23 b Fv(branc)n(hes)j(at)i -(the)h(end)f(of)g(input.)40 b(As)28 b(for)f Ft(OTP_GOTO_)p -Fk(c)l(ond)p Fv(,)515 1021 y(it)33 b(succeeds)f(if)h(the)h(c)n -(haracter)c(p)r(oin)n(ted)j(to)g(b)n(y)g Fk(last)40 b -Fv(\(w)n(e'll)33 b(call)g(it)g Ft(*)p Fk(last)8 b Fv(\))33 -b(satis\034es)f(the)515 1121 y(test)c Fk(c)l(ond)9 b -Fv(\()p Ft(*)p Fk(last)p Fv(,)27 b Fk(\034rstA)n(r)l(g)7 -b Fv(\).)639 1220 y(The)20 b Ft(OTP_STOP)d Fv(instruction)j(stops)f -(pro)r(cessing)g(of)h(the)g(curren)n(tly)f(recognized)g(pre\034x.)515 -1320 y(Normally)j(the)h(automaton)f(will)h(b)r(e)g(restarted)f(with)i -(an)e Ft(OTP_LEFT_START)17 b Fv(instruction.)639 1420 -y(When)33 b(computations)e(are)g(undertak)n(en)h(for)f(the)i -Ft(OTP_RIGHT)28 b Fv(and)k Ft(OTP_PBACK)c Fv(in-)515 -1519 y(structions,)d(a)g(computation)h(stac)n(k)f(is)g(used.)36 -b(This)26 b(stac)n(k)f(is)g(accessed)g(through)g(instruc-)515 -1619 y(tions)i Ft(OTP_ADD)d Fv(through)j(to)g Ft(OTP_PUSH_LCHAR)p -Fv(,)22 b(as)k(w)n(ell)i(as)e(through)h(the)h(instructions)515 -1719 y Ft(OTP_RIGHT_OUTPU)o(T)22 b Fv(and)27 b Ft(OTP_PBACK_OUTPUT)o -Fv(.)639 1818 y(Since)37 b(the)g Ft(OTP_RIGHT)c Fv(and)j -Ft(OTP_PBACK)d Fv(instructions)j(are)g(analogous,)h(only)f(the)515 -1918 y(former)31 b(are)g(describ)r(ed.)50 b(The)33 b -Ft(OTP_RIGHT_OUTPU)o(T)26 b Fv(instruction)32 b(p)r(ops)g(a)g(v)-5 -b(alue)32 b(of)g(the)515 2017 y(top)41 b(of)g(the)g(stac)n(k)f(and)h -(outputs)g(it;)48 b Ft(OTP_RIGHT_NUM)p Fu(\()p Fg(n)p -Fv(\))36 b(simply)41 b(places)f Fg(n)h Fv(on)g(the)515 -2117 y(output)j(stream;)52 b Ft(OTP_RIGHT_CHAR)p Fu(\()p -Fg(n)p Fu(\))39 b Fv(places)44 b(the)g Fg(n)p Fv(-th)h(input)g(c)n -(haracter)d(on)i(the)515 2217 y(output)37 b(stream;)k -Ft(OTP_RIGHT_LCHAR)31 b Fv(do)r(es)37 b(the)g(same,)i(but)e(from)g(the) -g(bac)n(k;)k(\034nally)-7 b(,)515 2316 y Ft(OTP_RIGHT_SOME)21 -b Fv(places)27 b(a)g(substring)g(on)n(to)g(the)h(output)g(stream.)639 -2416 y(Three)19 b(instructions)f(are)g(used)h(for)f(placing)h(v)-5 -b(alues)18 b(on)h(the)g(stac)n(k:)32 b Ft(OTP_PUSH_NUM)p -Fu(\()p Fg(n)p Fu(\))515 2516 y Fv(pushes)42 b Fg(n)h -Fv(on)n(to)e(the)i(stac)n(k,)j Ft(OTP_PUSH_CHAR)p Fu(\()p -Fg(n)p Fu(\))37 b Fv(pushes)42 b(the)h Fg(n)p Fv(-th)g(c)n(haracter)d -(and)515 2615 y Ft(OTP_PUSH_LCHAR)p Fu(\()p Fg(n)p Fu(\))22 -b Fv(do)r(es)27 b(the)h(same)f(from)g(the)h(end.)639 -2715 y(The)g(arithmetic)f(op)r(erations)f(of)i(the)g(form)f -Ft(OTP_)p Fk(op)32 b Fv(apply)27 b(the)h(op)r(eration)722 -2881 y Fa(stack)10 b Fu([)p Fa(top)24 b Fp(\000)18 b -Fu(1])82 b(:=)h Fa(stack)9 b Fu([)p Fa(top)25 b Fp(\000)18 -b Fu(1])k Fa(op)29 b(stack)10 b Fu([)p Fa(top)5 b Fu(])515 -3047 y Fv(where)29 b Fk(top)36 b Fv(is)30 b(the)h(stac)n(k)e(p)r(oin)n -(ter,)h(and)g(then)h(decremen)n(t)e(the)i(stac)n(k)e(p)r(oin)n(ter.)44 -b(Finally)-7 b(,)515 3147 y(the)28 b Ft(OTP_LOOKUP)23 -b Fv(instruction)k(applies)h(the)g(op)r(eration)722 3313 -y Fa(stack)10 b Fu([)p Fa(top)24 b Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1])82 -b(:=)h Fa(stack)9 b Fu([)p Fa(top)25 b Fp(\000)18 b Fu(1][)p -Fa(stack)8 b Fu([)p Fa(top)e Fu(]])515 3479 y Fv(and)27 -b(then)h(decremen)n(ts)f(the)h(p)r(oin)n(ter.)639 3578 -y(Last,)42 b(but)d(not)h(least,)h(are)d(the)i Ft(OTP_STATE)35 -b Fv(instructions,)42 b(whic)n(h)d(manipulate)f(a)515 -3678 y(stac)n(k)26 b(of)g(macro-states.)35 b(The)26 b(initial)h(state)g -(is)g(alw)n(a)n(ys)d(0.)37 b(The)26 b Ft(OTP_STATE_CHANGE)p -Fu(\()p Fg(n)p Fu(\))515 3778 y Fv(c)n(hanges)f(the)i(curren)n(t)e -(state)i(state)f Fg(n)p Fv(;)h Ft(OTP_STATE_PUSH)p Fu(\()p -Fg(n)p Fu(\))21 b Fv(pushes)27 b(the)g(curren)n(t)e(state)515 -3877 y(on)n(to)d(the)i(state)g(stac)n(k)e(b)r(efore)i(c)n(hanging)e -(the)i(curren)n(t)e(state;)j Ft(OTP_STATE_POP)18 b Fv(p)r(ops)24 -b(the)515 3977 y(state)j(at)h(the)f(top)h(of)g(the)g(state)f(stac)n(k)f -(in)n(to)i(the)g(curren)n(t)e(state.)515 4251 y Fw(10)131 -b(T)-11 b(ranslation)45 b(pro)t(cess)e(lists)639 4433 -y Fv(T)-7 b(ranslation)26 b(pro)r(cesses)g(can)h(b)r(e)h(used)f(for)g -(a)g(n)n(um)n(b)r(er)g(of)h(di\033eren)n(t)f(purp)r(oses.)36 -b(Since)515 4533 y(not)31 b(all)g(uses)h(can)f(b)r(e)h(foreseen,)f(w)n -(e)g(ha)n(v)n(e)f(decided)i(to)g(o\033er)e(a)i(means)f(to)g -(dynamically)515 4632 y(recon\034gure)23 b(the)j(set)f(of)g 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