From 2e19bfdde54e25b4c4f4657a647f1ae05873c25c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Karl Berry The TeX Live Guide—2021
-
Contents
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ different scripts from around the world.
For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of TeX Live, see the end of the document, section 9 (p. 76). +href="#x1-700009">80).
As to Windows: Windows 7 and later are supported. Windows Vista may still mostly work, but TeX Live will no longer even install on Windows XP or earlier. TeX Live includes no 64-bit executables for Windows, -but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit systems. But see https://tug.org/texlive/windows.html for options to add 64-bit binaries. @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ href="#x1-90002.1">2.1
for alternate soYou can install TeX Live either from DVD or over the Internet ( You can install TeX Live either from DVD or over the Internet ( https://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html).
The net installer itself is small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet.
@@ -172,25 +172,28 @@ TeX Collection DVD (or its .iso image), but you can prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a
USB stick (see section 4.2). Installation is described in later sections (p. 10), but here is a quick
+href="#x1-140003">11
For Unix, the installation script is install-tl; on Windows, one should instead invoke install-tl-windows. The installer will operate in a graphical mode given the option -gui (default for Windows and Mac OS X), or a text mode given the option -gui=text (default for - - everything else). -
One of the installed items is the ‘TeX Live Manager’ program, named tlmgr. Like the installer, it can be used in both GUI mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall packages and do various configuration tasks. +
The TeX community is active and friendly, and most serious questions end up getting answered. However, the support is informal, done by volunteers and casual users, so it’s especially important that you do your homework before asking. (If you prefer guaranteed commercial support, you can forgo TeX Live -completely and purchase a vendor’s system; https://tug.org/interest.html#vendors has a list.)
Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend using them:
Getting started
If you are new to TeX, the web page https://tug.org/begin.html gives a brief - introduction to the system. -
TeX FAQ
The TeX FAQ is a huge compendium of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to + the most arcane. It is included on TeX Live in texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/, and is available + on the Internet through https://texfaq.org. Please check here first. -
TeX Catalogue
If you are looking for a particular package, font, program, etc., the TeX Catalogue is the place to + look. It is a huge collection of all TeX-related items. See https://ctan.org/pkg/catalogue. -
TeX Web Resources
The web page https://tug.org/interest.html has many TeX-related links, - in particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of the system. -
support archives
Principal support forums for TeX include the LaTeX community site at https://latex.org, the q&a site - https://latex.org, + the q&a site https://tex.stackexchange.com, the Usenet newsgroup https://tex.stackexchange.com, the Usenet newsgroup news:comp.text.tex, and the mailing - list news:comp.text.tex, + and the mailing list + texhax@tug.org. Their archives have years of past questions and answers for your searching - - - pleasure, via, for the latter two, http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics and - http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics + and https://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax. And a general web search never hurts. -
asking questions
If you cannot find an answer, you can post to http://latex-community.org/ - and http://latex-community.org/ and + https://tex.stackexchange.com/ through their web interfaces, to https://tex.stackexchange.com/
TeX Live support
If you want to report a bug or have suggestions or comments on the TeX Live distribution, + installation, or documentation, the mailing list is tex-live@tug.org. However, if - your question is about how to use a particular program included in TeX Live, please write to - that program’s maintainer or mailing list. Often running a program with the --help option will - provide a bug reporting address. +class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org
The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. All the above resources are open to anyone, so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can. @@ -329,33 +346,44 @@ so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
The TeX Collection DVD comprises the following:
TeX Live
A complete TeX system to be installed to disk. Home page: https://tug.org/texlive/. -
MacTeX
for Mac OS X (currently named macOS by Apple, but we continue to use the older name in this + document), this adds a native Mac OS X installer and other Mac applications to TeX Live. Home + + + page: https://tug.org/mactex/. -
proTeXt
An enhancement of the MiKTeX distribution for Windows, proTeXt adds a few extra tools to + MiKTeX, and simplifies installation. It is entirely independent of TeX Live, and has its own + installation instructions. Home page: https://tug.org/protext/. -
CTAN
A snapshot of the CTAN repository ( https://ctan.org/). +
CTAN and protext do not follow the same copying conditions as TeX Live, so be careful when redistributing @@ -376,8 +404,6 @@ class="list"> class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir
Quick overview and useful links for TeX Live, in various languages, in both HTML and plain text. - -
Czech/Slovak: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz -
German: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de -
English: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en -
French: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr -
Italian: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it -
Japanese: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ja -
Polish: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl -
Russian: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru -
Serbian: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr -
Simplified Chinese: texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn
@@ -471,8 +509,6 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys and fmtutil-sys, and also by tlmgr, to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files. - -
The default layout is:
system-wide root
can span multiple TeX Live releases (/usr/local/texlive by default on Unix): +
TEXMFSYSVAR, TEXMFCACHE - -
TEXMFLOCAL, intended to be retained from release to release.
user’s home directory
($HOME or %USERPROFILE%) -
TEXMFVAR, TEXMFCACHE + +
e-TeX
adds a set of new primitives (related to macro expansion, character scanning, classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the TeX--XE T extensions for bidirectional typesetting. In default mode, e-TeX is 100% compatible with ordinary TeX. See texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf. -
pdfTeX
builds on the e-TeX extensions, + adding support for writing PDF output as well as DVI, and many non-output-related extensions. This is the program invoked for many common formats, e.g., etex, latex, http://www.pdftex.org/. See texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf for the manual, and texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/samplepdftex/samplepdf.tex for example usage of some of its features. -
LuaTeX
adds support for Unicode input and OpenType/TrueType- and system fonts. It also incorporates + a Lua interpreter ( https://lua.org/), enabling solutions for many thorny TeX - problems. When called as texlua, it functions as a standalone Lua interpreter. Its web site is +class="ec-lmtt-10">https://lua.org/
(e)(u)pTeX
have native support for Japanese typesetting requirements; pTeX is the basic engine, while the + e- variants add e-TeX functionality and u- add Unicode support. +
XeTeX
adds support for Unicode input and OpenType/TrueType- and system fonts, implemented using + standard third-party libraries. See https://tug.org/xetex. -
Omega (Omega)
is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus supports working with almost all the world’s scripts + simultaneously. It also supports so-called ‘Omega Translation Processes’ (OTPs), for performing + complex transformations on arbitrary input. Omega is no longer included in TeX Live as a separate + program; only Aleph is provided: +
Aleph
combines the Omega and e-TeX extensions. See texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base. + + +
@@ -789,45 +845,53 @@ href="https://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" >https://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html for more information and other methods of getting the software.
- -
Net installer, .zip or .tar.gz:
Download from CTAN, + under systems/texlive/tlnet; the url http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet should redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, - mirror. You can retrieve either install-tl.zip which can be used under Unix and Windows, or - the considerably smaller install-unx.tar.gz for Unix only. After unpacking, install-tl and - http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet
Net installer, Windows .exe:
Download from CTAN as above, and double-click. This starts up a first-stage installer and + unpacker; see figure 1. It gives two choices: “Install” and“Unpack only”. -
TeX Collection DVD:
go to the DVD’s texlive subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts + automatically when you insert the DVD. You can get the DVD by becoming a member of a + TeX user group (highly recommended, https://tug.org/usergroups.html), or - purchasing it separately (https://tug.org/usergroups.html), or purchasing + it separately ( https://tug.org/store), or burning your own from the ISO image. - You can also mount the ISO directly on most systems. After installing from DVD or ISO, if you - want to get continuing updates from the Internet, please see section https://tug.org/store), or burning your own from the ISO image. You can + also mount the ISO directly on most systems. After installing from DVD or ISO, if you want to + get continuing updates from the Internet, please see section 3.4.3. +
The same installer program is run, whatever the source. The most visible difference between the two is that +
The same installer program is run, whatever the source. The most visible difference between the two is that with the net installer, what you end up with is the packages that are currently available. This is in contrast to the DVD and ISO images, which are not updated between the major public releases. -
If you need to download through proxies, use a If you need to download through proxies, use a ~/.wgetrc file or environment variables with the proxy
-settings for Wget (https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/html_node/Proxies.html), or the
equivalent for whatever download program you are using. This does not matter if you are installing from the
DVD or ISO image.
- The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
+ The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
Below, Below, > denotes the shell prompt; user input is bold. The install-tl program is a Perl script. The simplest
@@ -881,7 +945,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">cd To install in GUI mode (figure To install in GUI mode (figure 4), you’ll need to have Tcl/Tk installed. Given that, you can run:
The old The old wizard and perltk/expert options are still available, but now do the same thing as install-tl -help
- About Unix permissions: Your umask at the time of installation will be respected by the TeX Live
installer. Therefore, if you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make sure your setting
@@ -918,34 +982,34 @@ is sufficiently permissive, for instance, umask 002. For more information about umask, consult your system
documentation.
- Special considerations for Cygwin: Unlike other Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default
include all of the prerequisite programs needed by the TeX Live installer. See section 3.1.4.
-
+
As mentioned in section 2.1, a separate distribution is prepared for Mac OS X, named
-MacTeX ( As mentioned in section 2.1, a separate distribution is prepared for Mac OS X, named MacTeX (
+https://tug.org/mactex). We recommend using the native MacTeX installer instead of the TeX
Live installer on Mac OS X, because the native installer makes a few Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to
allow easily switching between the various TeX distributions for Mac OS X (MacTeX, Fink, MacPorts, …)
using the so-called TeXDist data structure.
- MacTeX is firmly based on TeX Live, and the main TeX trees and binaries are precisely the same. It adds
+ MacTeX is firmly based on TeX Live, and the main TeX trees and binaries are precisely the same. It adds
a few extra folders with Mac-specific documentation and applications.
-
+
If you are using the unpacked downloaded zip file, or the DVD installer failed to start automatically,
+ If you are using the unpacked downloaded zip file, or the DVD installer failed to start automatically,
double-click install-tl-windows.bat.
- You can also start the installer from the command-prompt. Below, You can also start the installer from the command-prompt. Below, > denotes the prompt; user input is
bold. If you are in the installer directory, run just: Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as: Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as: To install in text mode, use: To install in text mode, use: For a complete listing of the various options: For a complete listing of the various options:
Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin’s Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin’s setup.exe program to install the perl and wget
packages if you have not already done so. The following additional packages are recommended:
fontconfig [needed by XeTeX and LuaTeX]
- ghostscript [needed by various utilities]
- libXaw7 [needed by xdvi]
- ncurses [provides the clear command used by the installer]
+class="ec-lmtt-10">clear
Figure Figure 2 displays the main text mode screen under Unix. The text installer is the default on
Unix.
- This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at all. For instance, you cannot
+ This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at all. For instance, you cannot
tab around checkboxes or input fields. You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt
and press the Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with adjusted
content.
- The text installer interface is this primitive in order to make it run on as many platforms as possible, even
+ The text installer interface is this primitive in order to make it run on as many platforms as possible, even
with a minimal Perl.
-
+
The default graphical installer starts out simple, with just a few options; see figure The default graphical installer starts out simple, with just a few options; see figure 3. It can be started with
The The perltk/expert and wizard GUI options now invoke the regular graphical installer.
-
+
The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a few notes about the various options
+ The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a few notes about the various options
and submenus.
-
+
+
+
Figure Figure 5 displays the text mode binaries menu. By default, only the binaries for your current platform will
be installed. From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other platforms as well. This can be
useful if you are sharing a TeX tree across a network of heterogeneous machines, or for a dual-boot
@@ -1613,12 +1683,12 @@ class="ec-lmtt-8"> custom selection of collections
- Figure Figure 6 displays the TeX Live scheme menu; from here, you choose a “scheme”, which is an overall set of
package collections. The default full scheme installs everything available. This is recommended, but you can
@@ -1640,22 +1710,22 @@ schemes.
id="x1-24026r7">
You can refine your scheme selection with the ‘collections’ menu (figure You can refine your scheme selection with the ‘collections’ menu (figure 7, shown in GUI mode for a
change).
- Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — in essence, a scheme consists of several collections, a
+ Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — in essence, a scheme consists of several collections, a
collection consists of one or more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in TeX Live) contains the
actual TeX macro files, font files, and so on.
- If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the TeX Live Manager ( If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the TeX Live Manager (tlmgr)
program after installation (see section 5); using that, you can control the installation at the package
@@ -1663,45 +1733,45 @@ level.
The default layout is described in section The default layout is described in section 2.3, p. 7. The default installation directory is 8 That installation directory can be overridden by setting the so-called That installation directory can be overridden by setting the so-called TEXDIR in the installer. The
GUI screen for this and other options is shown in figure 4. The most common reasons to change it are either
lacking enough disk space in that partition (the full TeX Live needs several gigabytes), or lacking write
permission for the default location (you don’t have to be root or administrator to install TeX Live, but you do
need write access to the target directory).
- The installation directories can also be changed by setting a variety of environment variables before running
+ The installation directories can also be changed by setting a variety of environment variables before running
the installer (most likely, TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX or TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR); see the documentation
from install-tl --help (available online at --help A reasonable alternative destination is a directory under your home, especially if you will be the sole user.
+class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html A reasonable alternative destination is a directory under your home, especially if you will be the sole user.
Use ‘~’ to indicate this, as in ‘~/texlive/2021’.
- We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different releases of TeX Live side by side.
+ We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different releases of TeX Live side by side.
(You may wish to also maintain a version-independent name, such as /usr/local/texlive-cur, via a
symbolic link, which you can then repoint after testing the new release.)
- Changing Changing TEXDIR in the installer will also change TEXMFLOCAL, TEXMFSYSVAR and TEXMFSYSCONFIG.
- TEXMFHOME is the recommended location for personal macro files or packages. The default value is ~/texmf
($HOME on Unix and
class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE% TEXMFVAR is the location for storing most cached runtime data specific to each user. TEXMFCACHE is the
variable name used for that purpose by LuaLaTeX and ConTeXt MkIV (see section 3.4.5, p. 39); its default
+href="#x1-340003.4.5">42
+
Figure Figure 8 shows the text mode options menu. More info on each:
use letter size instead of A4 by default: The default paper size selection. Of course, individual documents can and should specify a specific
+ paper size, if desired.
+
execution of restricted list of programs: As of TeX Live 2010, execution of a few external programs is allowed by default. The (very short)
+ list of allowed programs is given in the texmf.cnf. See the 2010 news (section 9.1.7) for more
+ details.
+
create all format files: We recommend leaving this option checked, to avoid unnecessary problems when creating formats
+ dynamically. See the fmtutil documentation for more details.
-
install font/macro … tree: Download/install the documentation and source files included in most packages. Unchecking is
+ not recommended.
+
create symlinks in standard directories: This option (Unix only) bypasses the need to change environment variables. Without this option,
+ TeX Live directories usually have to be added to PATH, MANPATH and INFOPATH. You will need write permissions to the target directories. This option is
- intended for accessing the TeX system through directories that are already known to users, such
- as /usr/local/bin, which don’t already contain any TeX files. Do not overwrite existing files on
- your system with this option, e.g., by specifying system directories. The safest and recommended
- approach is to leave the option unchecked.
-
after install, set CTAN as source for package updates: When installing from DVD, this option is enabled by default, since usually one wants to take
+ any subsequent package updates from the CTAN area that is updated throughout the year. The
+ only likely reason to disable it is if you install only a subset from the DVD and plan to augment
+ the installation later. In any case, the package repository for the installer, and for updates after
+ installation, can be set independently as needed; see section 3.3.1 and section 3.4.3. Windows-specific options, as displayed in the advanced GUI interface:
+href="#x1-320003.4.3">3.4.3 Windows-specific options, as displayed in the advanced GUI interface:
adjust searchpath This ensures that all programs will see the TeX Live binary directory on their search path.
+
add menu shortcuts If set, there will be a TeX Live submenu of the Start menu. There is a third option ‘Launcher
+ entry’ besides ‘TeX Live menu’ and ‘No shortcuts’. This option is described in section 4.1.
-
File associations The options are ‘Only new’ (create file associations, but do not overwrite existing ones), ‘All’ and
+ ‘None’.
+
install TeXworks front end When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ in the text interface, or press the ‘Install’ button in the
+class="ec-lmbx-10">install TeXworks front end When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ in the text interface, or press the ‘Install’ button in the
GUI, to start the installation process. When it is done, skip to section 3.4 to read what else needs to be done,
if anything.
Type Type
-
-
+
Use the GUI installer if possible. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This is the case on
+ Use the GUI installer if possible. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This is the case on
Mac OS X and is distributed with TeX Live on Windows. The legacy options -gui=perltk and
-gui=wizard are still available but invoke the same GU
-no-gui Force using the text mode installer.
+ Force using the text mode installer.
Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries
+ Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries
to automatically determine the right language but if it fails, or if the right language is not available,
then it uses English as a fallback. Run install-tl --help to get the list of available la
-portable Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with
+ Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with
the V command, and from the GUI installer. See section 4.2.
@@ -2043,7 +2129,7 @@ href="#x1-420004.2">4.2.
class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile file Load the installation profile Load the installation profile file and do the installation with no user interaction. The installer
always writes a file texlive.profile to the tlpkg subdirectory of your installation. That file ca
class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository Specify package repository from which to install; see following.
- Specify package repository from which to install; see following.
+ (Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you
+ (Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you
are doing.) If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of TeX Live (see
https://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html) then this option will use what you’ve got,
- as-is, and do only the necessary post-install. Be warned that the file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb may
- be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility. Also, package removal has to be done manually.
+ as-is, and do only the necessary post-install actions. Be warned that the file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb
+ may be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility. Also, package removal has to be done manually.
This option cannot be toggled via the installer interface.
+
The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via http://mirror.ctan.org.
- If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with ftp:, http:, https:, ftp: location, trailing ‘/’ characters and/or a
trailing ‘/tlpkg’ component are ignored.)
- For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like:
+ For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like:
http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/, substituting a real hostname and its
particular top-level CTAN path for ctan.example.org/tex-archive. The list of CTAN mirrors is
-maintained at https://ctan.org/mirrors.
- If the given argument is local (either a path or a If the given argument is local (either a path or a file:/ url), compressed files in an archive subdirectory
of the repository path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
- Some post-installation may be required.
-
-
-
+ Some post-installation may be required.
+
If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section 3.2.4), then there is no
need to edit environment variables. Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries
for your platform must be added to the search path. (On Windows, the installer takes care of
this.)
- Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under TEXDIR/bin. See figure 5 for the list of
subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
- Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if
+ Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if
you want the system tools to find them. The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
PATH.
- For Bourne-compatible shells such as bash, and using Intel x86 GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as
-an example, the file to edit might be For Bourne-compatible shells such as bash, and using Intel x86 GNU/Linux and the TeX Live default
+directory setup as an example, the file to edit might be $HOME/.profile (or another file sourced by .profile), and the lines to
-add would look like this:
-
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.profile
For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically $HOME/.cshrc, and the lines to add might look
like:
-
+
If you already have settings somewhere in your “dot” files, naturally the TeX Live directories should be
-merged in as appropriate.
-
+ If you’re not on an x86_64-linux platform, use the appropriate platform name; similarly, if you didn’t
+install in the default directory, change the directory name. The TeX Live installer reports the full lines to use
+at the end of installation.
+ If you already have PATH settings somewhere in your startup files, merge in the TeX Live directories as you
+see fit.
+
If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on
+ If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on
your own; there is just too much variation between systems in how and where these things are
configured.
- Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file /etc/manpath.config and, if present, add lines
such as
-
+
And 2) check for a file And 2) check for a file /etc/environment which may define the search path and other default environment
variables.
- In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named man to the directory
texmf-dist/doc/man. Some man programs, such as the standard Mac OS X man, will automatically find that,
obviating the need for any man page setup.
-
+
If you installed TeX Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this
+ If you installed TeX Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this
command—after you’ve updated your search path (as described in the previous section):
This tells This tells tlmgr to use a nearby CTAN mirror for future updates. This is done by default when installing
from DVD, via the option described in section 3.2.4.
- If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from
-the list at If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from
+the list at https://ctan.org/mirrors. Use the exact path to the tlnet subdir on that mirror, as shown
above.
- XeTeX and LuaTeX can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the TeX trees. They do these
+ XeTeX and LuaTeX can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the TeX trees. They do these
via related but not identical methods.
- On Windows, fonts shipped with TeX Live are automatically made available to XeTeX by font name. On
-Mac OS X, supporting font name lookups requires additional steps; please see the MacTeX web pages
-( On Windows, fonts shipped with TeX Live are automatically made available to XeTeX by font name. On
+Mac OS X, supporting font name lookups requires additional steps; please see the MacTeX web pages (
+https://tug.org/mactex). For other Unix systems, the procedure to be able to find the fonts shipped with
TeX Live via font name follows.
- To facilitate this, when the To facilitate this, when the xetex package is installed (either at initial installation or later), the necessary
configuration file is created in TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf.
- To set up the TeX Live fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have suitable privileges), proceed as
+ To set up the TeX Live fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have suitable privileges), proceed as
follows:
Copy the texlive-fontconfig.conf file to /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf.
- If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you want to make the TeX Live
+ Run fc-cache -fsv. If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you want to make the TeX Live
fonts available to only one user, you can do the following:
Copy the texlive-fontconfig.conf file to ~/.fonts.conf, where ~ is your home directory.
- You can run
+ Run fc-cache -fv. You can run fc-list to see the names of the system fonts. The incantation fc-list : family style
file spacing (all arguments are literal strings) shows some generally interesting information.
-
+
Both the ‘old’ ConTeXt (Mark II) and the ‘new’ ConTeXt (Mark IV) should run out of the box after TeX
+ Both the ‘old’ ConTeXt (Mark II) and the ‘new’ ConTeXt (Mark IV) should run out of the box after TeX
Live installation, and should need no special attention as long as you stick to using tlmgr for
updates.
- However, because ConTeXt MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever
+ However, because ConTeXt MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever
you install new files manually (without using tlmgr). After each such installation, each MkIV user must
run:
@@ -2307,24 +2404,22 @@ run:
id="x1-34002r1"> to refresh the ConTeXt disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under to refresh the ConTeXt disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under TEXMFCACHE, whose default value in
TeX Live is TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR.
- ConTeXt MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in ConTeXt MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in TEXMFCACHE, and write to the first path that is
writable. While reading, the last found match will take precedence in the case of duplicated cache
data.
- For more information, see For more information, see https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV.
-
+
This is already mentioned implicitly in section This is already mentioned implicitly in section 2.3: TEXMFLOCAL (by default, /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
@@ -2339,7 +2434,7 @@ new TeX Live release. Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the defini
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL For both trees, files should be placed in their proper TeX Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see
+ For both trees, files should be placed in their proper TeX Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see
https://tug.org/tds or consult TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex or TEXMFHOME/tex/latex, or a subdirectory
thereof.
- TEXMFLOCAL requires an up-to-date filename database, or files will not be found. You can update it with the
command mktexlsr or use the ‘Reinit file database’ button on the configuration tab of the TeX Live Manager
GUI.
- By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast
+ By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast
requirement. If you need to easily switch back and forth between different versions of large packages, for
example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own purposes. This is done by setting TEXMFHOME to the list
@@ -2365,38 +2460,38 @@ of directories, within braces, separated by commas:
- Section
+ Section 7.1.5 describes brace expansion further.
-
+
This is unfortunately a messy topic for TeX and pdfTeX. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many
+ This is unfortunately a messy topic for TeX and pdfTeX. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many
details of the TeX installation. Many fonts are included in TeX Live already, so take a look if you like; the web
-pages under https://tug.org/FontCatalogue display nearly all of the text fonts included in the main
TeX distributions, categorized in various ways.
- If you do want to install your own fonts, see If you do want to install your own fonts, see https://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html for our best
effort at describing the procedure.
- Also consider using XeTeX or LuaTeX (see section Also consider using XeTeX or LuaTeX (see section 2.4), which let you use operating system fonts without
any installation in TeX. (But beware that using system fonts makes your documents instantly unusable by
anyone in a different environment.)
-
+
After installing TeX Live, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/
+ After installing TeX Live, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/
or fonts.
- One thing you may immediately be looking for is a front-end with which to edit files. TeX Live installs
-TeXworks ( One thing you may immediately be looking for is a front-end with which to edit files. TeX Live installs
+TeXworks ( https://tug.org/texworks) on Windows (only), and MacTeX installs TeXShop
-(https://tug.org/texworks The rest of this section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give
+ The rest of this section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give
Unix commands here; under Mac OS X and Windows, you’re more likely to run the tests through a graphical
interface, but the principles are the same.
-
+
Make sure that you can run the tex program in the first place: Process a basic LaTeX file, generating PDF: Preview the PDF file, for example: Of course there are many other PDF viewers; on Unix systems, Of course there are many other PDF viewers; on Unix systems, evince and okular are commonly used. For
- Windows, we recommend trying Sumatra PDF (okular Of course you can still generate TeX’s original DVI format: And preview the DVI online: To create a PostScript file from the DVI: Or to create PDF from the DVI, an alternate path to using pdfTeX (or XeTeX or LuaTeX) which can
+ be useful sometimes: Other standard test files you may find useful in addition to sample2e.tex:
-
+
A simpler document than A simpler document than sample2e, to reduce the input size if you’re having troubles.
Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+ Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
For printing font tables and tests.
+ For printing font tables and tests.
Also for font tables, but using plain TeX.
+ Also for font tables, but using plain TeX.
The most canonical (plain) TeX test file of all. You must type ‘ The most canonical (plain) TeX test file of all. You must type ‘\bye’ to the * prompt after
‘tex story.tex’. If you have installed the xetex package, you can test its access to system fonts as follows:
- If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you
+ If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you
need to configure your system so that the fonts shipped with TeX Live can be found. See
section 3.4.4.
To uninstall TeX Live (after a successful installation):
+ To uninstall TeX Live (after a successful installation):
You will be asked for confirmation, else nothing will be done. (Without You will be asked for confirmation, else nothing will be done. (Without --all, the uninstall action is
used to remove individual packages.)
- This does not remove user-specific directories, namely (see also section sec:texmftrees):
-
+
+
+ This does not remove user-specific directories, namely (see also section sec:texmftrees):
+
This is intended for user configuration changes. If you want to preserve them, be sure you know
+ This is intended for user configuration changes. If you want to preserve them, be sure you know
how to recreate them before removing.
This is intended to store automatically-generated runtime data, such as local format files. Unless
+ This is intended to store automatically-generated runtime data, such as local format files. Unless
you’ve used it for other purposes, it should be safe to remove.
Contains only files you yourself installed, typically those not available in the distributions. Unless
+ Contains only files you yourself installed, typically those not available in the distributions. Unless
you are completely stopping using TeX, or want to start over from scratch, you probably don’t
want to remove this.
You can find the directory paths for these variables by running You can find the directory paths for these variables by running kpsewhich -var-value=var.
- This tlmgr uninstallation also does not undo post-installation actions, such as This tlmgr uninstallation also does not undo post-install actions, such as PATH changes in your shell
initialization files and system access to the fonts in TeX Live (see section 3.4).
- On Windows, uninstallation can be done through the GUI; see section 3.4). You must manually reverse
+such actions, if desired.
+ On Windows, uninstallation can be done through the GUI; see section 6.1.
-
+
If you are new to TeX, or otherwise need help with actually writing TeX or LaTeX documents, please visit
+ If you are new to TeX, or otherwise need help with actually writing TeX or LaTeX documents, please visit
https://tug.org/begin.html for some introductory resources.
- Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
+ Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
Ghostscript https://ghostscript.com/, a free PostScript and PDF interpreter.
-
Perl https://perl.org/ with supplementary packages from CPAN, https://perl.org/
ImageMagick https://imagemagick.org, for graphics processing and conversion.
-
NetPBM http://netpbm.sourceforge.net, also for graphics.
-
TeX-oriented editors There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the user’s taste. Here is a selection in alphabetical order (a
+ few here are for Windows only). GNU Emacs is available for all major platforms; see
https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html.
- AUCTeX runs under Emacs; it’s available through Emacs’
+ package manager ELPA. Sources are also available from CTAN. The AUCTeX home page is
+
+
https://www.gnu.org/software/auctex.
- SciTE is available from https://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html.
- Texmaker is free software, available from https://www.xm1math.net/texmaker.
- TeXstudio started as a fork of Texmaker and given additional features; available from
https://texstudio.org/ and in the proTeXt distribution.
- TeXnicCenter is free software, available from https://www.texniccenter.org.
- TeXworks is free software, available from https://tug.org/texworks and installed as part
- of TeX Live for Windows (only).
- Vim is free software, available from https://www.vim.org.
- WinEdt is shareware available though https://tug.org/winedt or
+class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/winedt or
https://www.winedt.com.
- WinShell is available from https://www.winshell.de. For a much longer list of packages and programs, see For a much longer list of packages and programs, see https://tug.org/interest.html.
-
+
The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized
+ The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized
cases.
- TeX Live has been designed to be shared between different systems on a network. With a standard directory
+ TeX Live has been designed to be shared between different systems on a network. With a standard directory
layout, no hard paths are configured: the locations for files needed by TeX Live programs are found relative to
the programs. You can see this in the principal configuration file $TEXMFDIST/web2c/texmf.cnf, which
@@ -2844,11 +2971,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9">...
class="ec-lmtt-9">TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOGRANDPARENT/texmf-local
- This means that adding the directory for TeX Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient
+ This means that adding the directory for TeX Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient
to get a working setup.
- By the same token, you can also install TeX Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to a
+ By the same token, you can also install TeX Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to a
network location.
- For Windows, TeX Live includes a launcher For Windows, TeX Live includes a launcher tlaunch. Its main window contains menu entries and
buttons for various TeX-related programs and documentation, customizable via an ini file. On first
@@ -2861,17 +2988,19 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texdoc tlaunch The The -portable installer option (or V command in the text installer or corresponding GUI option)
creates a completely self-contained TeX Live installation under a common root and forgoes system
integration. You can create such an installation directly on a USB stick, or copy it to a USB stick
afterwards.
- Technically, the portable installation is made self-contained by setting the default values of Technically, the portable installation is made self-contained by setting the default values of TEXMFHOME,
TEXMFVAR, and TEXMFLOCAL, TEXMFSYSVAR, and TEXMFSYSCONFIG respectively;
thus, per-user configuration and caches will not be created.
- To run TeX using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory to the search
+ To run TeX using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory to the search
path during your terminal session, as usual.
- On Windows, you can double-click On Windows, you can double-click tl-tray-menu at the root of the installation and create a temporary
‘tray menu’ offering a choice of a few common tasks, as shown in this screenshot:
-
- The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu.
- The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu.
+
TeX Live includes a program named TeX Live includes a program named tlmgr for managing TeX Live after the initial installation. Its
capabilities include:
installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling individual packages, optionally taking
dependencies into account;
-
+ searching for and listing packages and their descriptions;
+ listing, adding, and removing platforms;
+ changing installation options such as paper size and source location (see section 3.3.1). tlmgr’s functionality completely subsumes the texconfig program. We still distribute and maintain texconfig
@@ -2973,7 +3106,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for tlmgr. Two notable ones: (1) Figure 9 shows tlshell, which is
@@ -2981,7 +3114,7 @@ written in Tcl/Tk and runs out of the box under Windows and Mac OS X; (2) Figur
href="#x1-43002r10">10 shows tlcockpit,
which requires Java version 8 or higher and JavaFX. Both are separate packages.
- tlmgr also has a native GUI mode (shown in figure 11), which is started with:
+
After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:
+ After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:
This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory:
+ This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory:
As you can see, As you can see, tlmgr installs dependencies, and takes care of any necessary post-install actions, including
updating the filename database and (re)generating formats. In the above, we generated new formats for
XeTeX.
- To describe a package (or collection or scheme): To describe a package (or collection or scheme): Last and most important, for full documentation see Last and most important, for full documentation see https://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html, or:
+
+
Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+ Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
Menus and shortcuts. A new ‘TeX Live’ submenu of the Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some GUI
+ programs (tlmgr, texdoctk and some documentation.
-
File associations. If enabled, TeXworks and Dviout become either the default program for their respective filetypes,
+ or get an entry in the ‘Open with’ right-click menus of those filetypes.
+
Bitmap to eps converter. Various bitmapped formats get an entry bitmap2eps in their ‘Open with’ right-click menu.
+ Bitmap2eps is a simple script which lets sam2p or bmeps do the real work.
-
Automatic path adjustment. No manual configuration steps are required.
+
Uninstaller. The installer creates an entry under ‘Add/Remove Programs’ for TeX Live. The uninstall tab of
+ the TeX Live Manager GUI refers to this. For a single-user install, the installer also creates an
+ uninstall entry under the Start menu.
+
Write-protect. Also, have a look at Write-protect. For an admin install, the TeX Live directories are write-protected, at least if TeX Live is installed
+ on a normal NTFS-formatted non-removable disk. Also, have a look at tlaunch, described in section 4.1, for a different approach.
-
-
-
+
To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows
+ To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows
machine. TeX Live provides the missing pieces. These programs are all installed as part of TeX Live only on
Windows.
-
+
Perl and Ghostscript. Because of the importance of Perl and Ghostscript, TeX Live includes ‘hidden’ copies of these
+ programs. TeX Live programs that need them know where to find them, but they don’t betray their
+ presence through environment variables or registry settings. They aren’t full-scale installations,
+ and shouldn’t interfere with any system installations of Perl or Ghostscript.
+
dviout. Also installed is dviout, a DVI viewer. At first, when you preview files with dviout, it will create
fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the
fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window. More information can be found
in the (highly recommended) on-line help.
-
TeXworks. TeXworks is a TeX-oriented editor with an integrated PDF viewer.
+
Command-line tools. A number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs are installed along with
+ the usual TeX Live binaries. These include gzip, zip, unzip, and the utilities
- from the poppler suite (unzip, and the utilities from the poppler suite
+ (pdfinfo, pdffonts, …); no standalone PDF viewer for Windows is included.
- One option for that is the Sumatra PDF viewer, available from pdffonts, …); no standalone PDF viewer for Windows is included. One option for that is
+ the Sumatra PDF viewer, available from https://sumatrapdfreader.org/.
-
fc-list, fc-cache, … The tools from the fontconfig library allow XeTeX to handle system fonts on Windows. You can
+ use fc-list to determine the font names to pass to XeTeX’s extended \font
- command. If necessary, run \font command. If necessary,
+ run fc-cache first to update font information.
+
+
The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the %USERPROFILE% directory. Under Windows Vista
and later it is C:\Users\<username>. In the texmf.cnf file, and Kpathsea in general, ~ will expand
appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
-
+
+
+
Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically
-organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
- Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically
+organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, HKCU and HKLM in short. The HKCU part of the registry is in
-the user’s home directory (see section HKCU In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information,
+ In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information,
for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables
permanently also requires registry access.
-
+
In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the
+ In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the
latter have free access to almost the entire operating system. We have made an effort to make TeX Live
installable without administrative privileges.
-
-
- If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If
+ If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If
this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users, and the system search path is modified.
Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are created for the current user, and the user search path is
modified.
- Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always
+ Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always
under %SystemDrive%. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current
user.
- A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since
+ A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since
the effective search path consists of the system search path followed by the user search path, the new TeX Live
would never get precedence. As a fallback, the installer creates a shortcut to the command-prompt in
which the new TeX Live binary directory is prepended to the local search path. The new TeX
Live will be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for TeXworks, if
installed, also prepends TeX Live to the search path, so it should also be immune to this path
problem.
- You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for
+ You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for
administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator. Instead,
right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice ‘Run as
administrator’.
-
+
Windows and Cygwin (see section Windows and Cygwin (see section 3.1.4 for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of
memory when running some of the programs shipped with TeX Live. For example, asy might run out of
memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and LuaTeX might run out of memory if you try to
process a document with a lot of big fonts.
- For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin
-User’s Guide ( For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin
+User’s Guide ( https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html).
- For Windows, you have to create a file, say For Windows, you have to create a file, say moremem.reg, with these four lines:
-
+
and then execute the command and then execute the command regedit /s moremem.reg as administrator. (If you want to change memory
only for the current user instead of system-wide, use HKEY_CURRENT_USER.)
-
+
+
+
Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.
+ Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.
It is the heart of TeX Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is
https://tug.org/web2c.
- A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
+ A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
TeX-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard
Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period
the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of
additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
2006.
- The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems.
+ The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems.
It uses Knuth’s original sources for TeX and other basic programs written in the WEB literate
programming system and translates them into C source code. The core TeX programs handled in this way
are:
-
+
Maintaining bibliographies.
-
-
+ Maintaining bibliographies.
Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
+ Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+ DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
DVI to human-readable text.
+ DVI to human-readable text.
Generic font proofsheets.
+ Generic font proofsheets.
Generic to packed fonts.
+ Generic to packed fonts.
GF to human-readable text.
+ GF to human-readable text.
Creating typeface families.
+ Creating typeface families.
Prettyprinting Metafont source.
+ Prettyprinting Metafont source.
Creating technical diagrams.
+ Creating technical diagrams.
Creating hyphenation patterns.
+ Creating hyphenation patterns.
Packed to generic fonts.
+ Packed to generic fonts.
PK to human-readable text.
+ PK to human-readable text.
Plain text property list to TFM.
+ Plain text property list to TFM.
+
+
Display Display WEB pool files.
WEB to Pascal.
Typesetting.
+ Typesetting.
TFM to plain text property list.
+ TFM to plain text property list.
Virtual font to virtual property list.
+ Virtual font to virtual property list.
Virtual property list to virtual font.
+ Virtual property list to virtual font.
WEB to TeX. The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
+ The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will
help you take advantage of your Web2C installation.
- All programs honor these standard GNU options:
+ All programs honor these standard GNU options:
print basic usage summary.
+ print basic usage summary.
print version information, then exit. And most also honor:
+ print version information, then exit. And most also honor:
print detailed progress report. For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea ( print detailed progress report. For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea ( https://tug.org/kpathsea).
This library uses a combination of environment variables and configuration files to optimize searching the
@@ -3562,12 +3717,12 @@ maintaining TeX’s standard distribution and local and personal extensions in d
searches, the root of each tree has a file ls-R, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for
all files under that root.
-
+
Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
- We call a Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
+ We call a search path a colon- or semicolon-separated list of path elements, which are basically directory
names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file ‘.:/dir’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in
class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use
+ In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use
filename separators different from colon (‘:’) and slash (‘/’).
- To check a particular path element To check a particular path element p, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database”
on page 65) applies to 68 Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional
+ Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional
features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home
directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea expands a path element, meaning
+
+
it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following
sections in the same order as it takes place.
- Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘ Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘/’ or ‘./’ or
‘../’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
-
+
A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
-
+ A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
+
A user-set environment variable, for instance, TEXINPUTS. Environment variables with a period
and a program name appended override; e.g., if ‘latex’ is the name of the program being run,
then TEXINPUTS.latex will override TEXINPUTS.
- A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘S /a:/b’ in dvips’s config.ps.
- A Kpathsea configuration file texmf.cnf, containing a line like ‘TEXINPUTS=/c:/d’ (see below).
-
-
- You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions”
+ The compile-time default. You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions”
on page 68).
-
+href="#x1-660007.2.4">71
Kpathsea reads Kpathsea reads runtime configuration files named texmf.cnf for search path and other definitions. The search
path TEXMFCNF is used to look for these files, but we do not recommend setting this (or any) environment
variable to override the system directories.
- Instead, normal installation results in a file Instead, normal installation results in a file .../2021/texmf.cnf. If you must make changes to the
defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in
.../2021/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost
when the distributed version is updated.
- As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an
+ As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an
environment variable is a reasonable method:
@@ -3658,7 +3817,7 @@ environment variable is a reasonable method:
To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘ To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘:’ (‘;’ on Windows) to insert the
system paths, instead of trying to write them all out explicitly (see section 7.1.4). Anoth
TEXMFHOME tree (see section 3.2.3).
- All texmf.cnf files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later
files. For example, with a search path of ./texmf.cnf override those from
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf Comments start with %, either at the beginning of a line or preceded by whitespace, and continue
to the end of the line.
- Blank lines are ignored.
+ A \ at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., the next line is appended. Whitespace
at the beginning of continuation lines is not ignored.
- Each remaining line has the form: The variable name may contain any character other than whitespace, ‘=’, or ‘.’, but sticking to
‘A-Za-z_’ is safest.
- If ‘.progname’ is present, the definition only applies if the program that is running is named
progname or progname.exe. This allows different flavors of TeX to have different search paths,
for example.
- Considered as strings, value may contain any character. However, in practice most texmf.cnf
values are related to path expansion, and since various special characters are used in expansion
(see section 7.1.7), such as braces and commas, they cannot be used in directory names.
- A ‘ A ‘;’ in value is translated to ‘:’ if running under Unix, in order to have a single texmf.cnf that
can support both Unix and Windows systems. This translation happens with any value, not just
search paths, but fortunately in practice ‘;’ is not needed in other values.
- The The $var.prog feature is not available on the right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional
variable.
A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
-
+ All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they
+ are defined. A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
+
+
Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
+ Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
Unix shells. As a general example, the path ~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz, expands to all subdirectories under
directories
If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 59) contains an If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 63) contains an extra colon (i.e., leading,
trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If
that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an
@@ -3853,18 +4020,18 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
+ Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
extra ‘:’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘:’, then a trailing ‘:’, then a doubled
‘:’.
-
+
A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, v{a,b}w expands to vaw:vbw.
Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by assigning a brace list
@@ -3879,7 +4046,7 @@ made:
We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:
+ We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:
which means that, after looking in the current directory, the which means that, after looking in the current directory, the $TEXMFVAR/tex, $TEXMFHOME/tex,
$TEXMFLOCAL/tex and $TEXMFDIST/tex trees will be searched (the last two using ls-R data base
files).
-
+
Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory d is replaced by all subdirectories of d:
first those subdirectories directly under d, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the
order in which the directories are searched is unspecified.
- If you specify any filename components after the ‘ If you specify any filename components after the ‘//’, only subdirectories with matching components are
included. For example, ‘/a//b’ expands into directories /a/1/1/b, and so on, but not /a/b/c
or /a/1.
- Multiple ‘ Multiple ‘//’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘//’ at the beginning of a path is ignored.
-
+
The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration
+ The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration
files.
-
+
Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle,
+ Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle,
it substitutes the default path expansion.
Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like :).
Variable expansion.
+ Variable expansion.
Represents the user’s home directory.
+ Represents the user’s home directory.
Brace expansion.
+ Brace expansion.
Separates items in brace expansion.
+ Separates items in brace expansion.
Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
+ Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
Start of comment.
+ Start of comment.
At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.
+ At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.
Search Search only database to locate file, do not search the disk. Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is
+ Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is
used. The rules are inherent in the multiple levels of interpretation of the configuration (parsing, expansion,
search, …) and so cannot be concisely stated, unfortunately. There is no general escape mechanism; in
particular, ‘\’ is not an “escape character” in texmf.cnf files.
- When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all.
-
+ When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all.
+
Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live,
+ Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live,
or at any installation with enough directories, searching every possible directory for a given file will take
an excessively long time. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built plain text “database”
file named ls-R that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the
disk.
- A second database file A second database file aliases allows you to give additional names to the files listed in ls-R.
-
+
As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be ls-R. You can put one at the root of
each TeX hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched ($TEXMF by default). Kpathsea looks for
ls-R files along the TEXMFDBS path.
- The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ls-R’ is to run the mktexlsr script included with the
distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘cron, so that it is
automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a LaTeX
package.
- If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
+ If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
path element begins with ‘!!’, however, only the database will be searched for that element, never the
disk.
-
+
The The kpsewhich program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful
as a sort of find program to locate files in TeX hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed
@@ -4076,12 +4244,12 @@ class="ec-lmro-10">option Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
+ Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘find’ utility for
that).
- The most common options are described next.
-
+ The most common options are described next.
+
Set the resolution to Set the resolution to num; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. ‘dvips. Default is 600.
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=
+
Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
+ Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for TUGboat articles.
Next we turn our attention to Next we turn our attention to dvips’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly
used files, the general prologue tex.pro for TeX support, before turning our attention to the generic
@@ -4354,7 +4522,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
+ We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
font naming scheme is ‘utm’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the
map file: It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
+ It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since kpsewhich will
show you the first file encountered.
-
+
Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
+ Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output:
-
+
stat calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date ls-R database this should almost
give no output.
@@ -4483,51 +4651,51 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R References to hash tables (such as References to hash tables (such as ls-R databases, map files, configuration files).
File open and close operations.
+ File open and close operations.
General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
+ General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
particular path for the file was defined.
Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
+ Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
File searches.
+ File searches.
Variable values. A value of Variable values. A value of -1 will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient.
- Similarly, with the Similarly, with the dvips program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail
where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the
problem is.
- Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
+ Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
using the KPATHSEA_DEBUG environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the
above list.
- (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
+ (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
purposes you can temporarily SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log).
- Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, hello-world.tex, which contains the following
input.
@@ -4543,7 +4711,7 @@ input.
\end{document}
- This little file only uses the font This little file only uses the font cmr10, so let us look at how dvips prepares the PostScript file
(we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option dvips’s debug class 4 (font paths) with Kpathsea’s
the dvips reference manual). The output (slightly rearranged) appears in Figure 12.
- dvips starts by locating its working files. First, texmf.cnf is found, which gives the definitions of the
search paths for the other files, then the file database psfonts.map, which is always loaded (it
contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of section 7.2.3 for more details
about PostScript map file handling).
- At this point At this point dvips identifies itself to the user: After having found the file in question, After having found the file in question, dvips outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate
the file hello-world.ps, then that it needs the font file <cmr10.pfb>[1]
Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
+ Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
array sizes) via the runtime file texmf.cnf read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of
that file in the TeX Live distribution. The more important are:
-
+
Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
+ Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of TeX, and call
the format file hugetex.fmt. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by
@@ -4854,29 +5022,29 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf.
extra_mem_bot Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you
+ Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you
use PI CTeX.
Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all
+ Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all
TFM files read.
Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is 600000. This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely
+ This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely
difficult to implement in the present TeX source, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise
allowing some flexibility.
- In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with . (to search the current directory first), as
in This is a simplification. The This is a simplification. The texmf.cnf file we distribute in TeX Live uses $TEXMFDOTDIR instead of just
‘TEXINPUTS=$TEXMFDOTDIR;$TEXMF/tex//
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/tex// The reason to use the variable The reason to use the variable $TEXMFDOTDIR in the path definitions instead of simply ‘.’ is purely so that
it can be overridden. For example, a complex document may have many source files arranged in many
@@ -4910,176 +5078,220 @@ build the document) and they will all get searched. (Warning: don’t use .// by default; it’s usually
highly undesirable, and potentially insecure, to search through all subdirectories for an arbitrary
document.)
- As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for
+ As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for
all the files to be found via explicit paths. You can set $TEXMFDOTDIR to, say, /nonesuch or any nonexistent
directory for this.
- The default value of The default value of $TEXMFDOTDIR is just ‘.’, as set in our texmf.cnf.
- TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl
+ TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl
Berry. The other principal contributors, past and present, are listed below.
The English, German, Dutch, and Polish TeX user groups (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG, and GUST,
respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative infrastructure. Please join
- the TeX user group near you! (See https://tug.org/usergroups.html.)
- The CTAN team ( https://ctan.org), which distributes the TeX Live images and provides the
- common infrastructure for package updates, upon which TeX Live depends.
- Nelson Beebe, for making many platforms available to TeX Live developers, and his own
comprehensive testing and unparalleled bibliographic efforts.
- John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics program Asymptote to make
it work in TeX Live.
- Peter Breitenlohner and the e-TeX team for the stable foundation of future TeX’s, and Peter
specifically for years of stellar help with GNU autotools and keeping sources up to date. Peter
passed away in October 2015, and we dedicate the continuing work to his memory.
- Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFMx team, for their excellent driver and responsiveness to
configuration issues.
- Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous teTeX package TeX Live would have never existed.
+ Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+ Eitan Gurari, whose TeX4ht is used to create the HTML version of this documentation, and who
worked tirelessly to improve it at short notice, every year. Eitan prematurely passed away in June
2009, and we dedicate this documentation to his memory.
- Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his ConTeXt package ( https://pragma-ade.com)
work within TeX Live’s framework, and continually driving TeX development.
- Hàn Thế Thành, Martin Schröder, and the pdfTeX team ( http://pdftex.org), for
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org), for
continuing enhancements of TeX’s abilities.
- Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to pdfTeX LuaTeX, and more.
+ Shunshaku Hirata, for much original and continuing work on DVIPDFMx.
- Taco Hoekwater, for major renewed development efforts on
+ MetaPost and (Lua)TeX ( http://luatex.org) itself, incorporating ConTeXt into TeX Live,
giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and much more.
- Khaled Hosny, for substantial work on XeTeX, DVIPDFMx, and efforts with Arabic and other
fonts.
- Paweł Jackowski, for the Windows installer tlpm, and Tomasz Łuczak, for tlpmgui, used in past
releases.
- Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows binaries from his W32TEX and W64TEX distributions
+ for Japanese TeX ( http://w32tex.org), and many other development contributions.
- Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable XeTeX engine and taking the time and trouble to
integrate it in TeX Live, as well as the initial version of the MacTeX installer, and also for our
recommended front-end TeXworks.
- Hironori Kitagawa, for maintenance of (e)pTeX and related support.
+ Dick Koch, for maintaining MacTeX ( https://tug.org/mactex) in very close tandem with TeX
- Live, and for his great good cheer in doing so.
- Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the TeX Live 2008 infrastructure and installer, as
well as Windows research efforts, the getnonfreefonts script, and more.
- Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the TeX Live 2008 infrastructure and installer,
especially on Windows, and for the bulk of work updating this manual describing those features.
- Clerk Ma, for engine bug fixes and extensions.
+ Mojca Miklavec, for much help with ConTeXt, building many binary sets, and plenty more.
+ Heiko Oberdiek, for the epstopdf package and many others, compressing the huge pst-geo data
files so we could include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on hyperref.
- Phelype Oleinik, for the group-delimited \input across engines in 2020, and more.
- Petr Olšak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak material very carefully.
+ Toshio Oshima, for his dviout previewer for Windows.
- Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, for helping with package updates, documentation improvements,
and texdoc development.
- Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in TeX Live and work on the French
documentation.
- Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the current TeX Live infrastructure and installer, and
also for coordinating the Debian version of TeX Live (together with Frank Küster), and doing
so much work along the way.
- Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating TeX Live and maintaining it for many years. Sebastian
passed away in March 2016, and we dedicate the continuing work to his memory.
- Luigi Scarso, for continuing development of MetaPost, LuaTeX, and much more.
+ Andreas Scherer, for cwebbin, the CWEB implementation used in TeX Live, and continuing
maintenance of the original CWEB.
- Takuji Tanaka, for maintenance of (e)(u)pTeX and related support.
+ Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
+ Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other maintenance issues, and especially
for making it feasible to include xindy.
- Staszek Wawrykiewicz, a principal tester for all of TeX Live, and coordinator of the many major
Polish contributions: fonts, Windows installation, and more. Staszek passed away in February
2018, and we dedicate the continuing work to his memory.
- Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of Web2C in past years.
+ Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the original Mac OS X support.
+ Graham Williams, the originator of the TeX Catalogue.
+ Joseph Wright, for much work on making the same primitive functionality available across engines.
+ Hironobu Yamashita, for much work on pTeX and related support.
+ Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin ( Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (amd64-netbsd, i386-netbsd), Ken Brown (i386-cygwin,
@@ -5100,41 +5312,43 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French),
+
+
+ Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French),
Carlos Enriquez Figueras (Spanish), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, & Helin Gai (Chinese), Nikola
Lečić (Serbian), Marco Pallante & Carla Maggi (Italian), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris
Veytsman (Russian), Zofia Walczak (Polish), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German). The TeX Live documentation web
-page is https://tug.org/texlive/doc.html.
- Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and
+ Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and
then for giving it to the world.
-
+
+
Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for
+ Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for
MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too
ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4AllTeX CD, but also the TUG
Technical Council working group on a TeX Directory Structure (TeX Directory Structure ( https://tug.org/tds), which specified how
-to create consistent and manageable collections of TeX support files. A complete draft of the TDS was
+class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/tds), which specified
+how to create consistent and manageable collections of TeX support files. A complete draft of the TDS was
published in the December 1995 issue of TUGboat, and it was clear from an early stage that one desirable
product would be a model structure on CD. The distribution you now have is a very direct result of the
working group’s deliberations. It was also clear that the success of the 4AllTeX CD showed that
Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of TeX
Live.
- We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
+ We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
Thomas Esser’s teTeX as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996.
The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release of
@@ -5146,61 +5360,68 @@ same time, a new revision of teTeX was being made, and TeX Live included almost
features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of teTeX, and a new
release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup, thanks to Fabrice
Popineau.
- For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
+ For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for TeX Live 5 was that all
non-free software was removed. Everything in TeX Live is now intended to be compatible with the
-Debian Free Software Guidelines (https://debian.org/intro/free); we have done our best to
check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any
-
-
mistakes.
- The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
+ The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate
language.dat.
- The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to
+ The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to
all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTeX, to
correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6.
-
+
In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it
+ In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it
could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section 2.1,
+
+
p. 6). In addition:
At the request of the LaTeX team, we changed the standard latex and pdflatex commands to now
use e-TeX (see p. 9).
- The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+ Support for Alpha OSF was removed (HPUX support was removed previously), since no one had
(or volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
- Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time an integrated environment based on
XEmacs was introduced.
- Important supplementary programs for Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell) are now
installed in the TeX Live installation directory.
- Font map files used by dvips, dvipdfm and pdftex are now generated by the new program updmap
and installed into texmf/fonts/map.
- TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost now, by default, output most input characters (32 and above) as
themselves in output (e.g., \write) files, log files, and the terminal, i.e., not translated using the
@@ -5211,25 +5432,26 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">^^ notation. In TeX Live 7, this transl
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^ output, rename the file texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx. (Future releases will have cleaner ways to
control this.)
-
+ This documentation was substantially revised.
+ Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy, the version is now simply identified by the
+ year: TeX Live 2003.
2004 saw many changes:
+ 2004 saw many changes:
If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own .map or (much less likely) .enc support
files, you may need to move those support files.
-
-
- .map files are now searched for in subdirectories of fonts/map only (in each texmf tree), along
@@ -5240,27 +5462,32 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+ For methods of handling this and other information, please see
https://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html.
The TeX Collection has been expanded with the addition of a MiKTeX-based installable CD, for
those who prefer that implementation to Web2C. See section 2 (p. 6).
- Within TeX Live, the single large texmf tree of previous releases has been replaced by three:
texmf, texmf-dist, and texmf-doc. See section 2.2 (p. 6), and the 7), and the README files for each.
- All TeX-related input files are now collected in the tex subdirectory of texmf* trees,
rather than having separate sibling directories pdfetex, etc. See
texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions.
- Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located in a new scripts
subdirectory of texmf* trees, and can be searched for via -format=texmfscripts.
texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts.
- Almost all formats leave most characters printable as themselves via the “translation file”
cp227.tcx, instead of translating them with the ^^ notation. Specifically, characters at
@@ -5295,8 +5524,9 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">^^ notation. Specifically, characters
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" >texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files. (By the way, with Unicode input, TeX may
output partial character sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
- pdfetex is now the default engine for all formats except (plain) tex itself. (Of course it generates
DVI when run as latex, etc.) This means, among other things, th
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex are available in LaTeX, ConTeXt, etc., as well as the e-TeX features
(texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/).
- It also means it’s It also means it’s more important than ever to use the ifpdf package (works with both plain and
LaTeX) or equivalent code, because simply testing whether \pdfoutput or some other primitive
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput pdfTeX ( http://pdftex.org) has many new features:
+ \pdfmapfile and \pdfmapline provide font map support from within a document.
- Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily. All parameters previously set through the special configuration file pdftex.cfg must now be
set through primitives, typically in pdftexconfig.tex; pdftex.cfg is no longer supported.
Any extant .fmt files must be redumped when pdftexconfig.tex is changed.
- See the pdfTeX manual for more: texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf.
+
+
+ The \input primitive in tex (and mf and mpost) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and
special characters. Typical examples:
+ See the Web2C manual for more: See the Web2C manual for more: texmf-dist/doc/web2c.
encTeX support is now included within Web2C and consequently all TeX programs, via the -enc
option — only when formats are built. encTeX supports general re-encoding of input and
@@ -5367,38 +5609,45 @@ href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex
http://olsak.net/enctex.html.
- Aleph, a new engine combining e-TeX and Omega, is available. A little information is available in
texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base and texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base and https://texfaq.org/FAQ-enginedev. The LaTeX-based format for
Aleph is named lamed.
- The latest LaTeX release has a new version of the LPPL — now officially a Debian-approved license.
Assorted other updates, see the ltnews files in texmf-dist/doc/latex/base.
- dvipng, a new program for converting DVI to PNG image files, is included. See
+ https://ctan.org/pkg/dvipng.
- We reduced the cbgreek package to a “medium” sized set of fonts, with the assent and advice of the
author (Claudio Beccari). The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones, which are
- relatively rarely used, and we needed the space. The full set is of course available from CTAN
- (https://ctan.org/pkg/cbgreek-complete).
- oxdvi has been removed; just use xdvi.
- The ini and vir commands (links) for tex, initex.
class="ec-lmss-10">ini functionality has been available through the command-line option -ini for years
now.
- i386-openbsd platform support was removed. Since the tetex package in the BSD Ports system is
available, and GNU/Linux and FreeBSD binaries were available, it seemed volunteer time could be better
spent elsewhere.
- On sparc-solaris (at least), you may have to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to run the
t1utils programs. This is because they are compiled wi
runtime libraries. (This is not new in 2004, but wasn’t previously documented.) Similarly, on mips-irix,
the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+
2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
+ 2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:
New scripts texconfig-sys, updmap-sys, and fmtutil-sys were introduced, which modify the
@@ -5443,8 +5698,9 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">updmap Corresponding new variables TEXMFCONFIG and TEXMFSYSCONFIG to specify the trees where
configuration files (user or system, respectively) are found. Thus, you may need to move
@@ -5459,12 +5715,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf. In any case the real location of these fil
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG and TEXMFSYSCONFIG must agree. See section 2.3, p. 7.
- Last year, we kept \pdfoutput and other primitives undefined for DVI output, even though the
-
-
pdfetex program was being used. This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility measure. So
if your document uses \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined to test if PDF
be changed. You can use the package ifpdf.sty (which works under both plain TeX and LaTeX)
to do this, or steal its logic.
- Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as themselves (see previous section).
The new TCX file empty.tcx now provides an easier way to get the original ^^ notation if you so desire,
as in:
+
+
The new program dvipdfmx is included for translation of DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained
update of dvipdfm (which is also still available for now, though no longer recommended).
- The new programs pdfopen and pdfclose are included to allow reloading of PDF files in the Adobe
Acrobat Reader without restarting the program. (Other PDF readers, notably xpdf, gv, and gsview, have
never suffered from this problem.)
- For consistency, the variables HOMETEXMF and VARTEXMF have been renamed to TEXMFHOME and
@@ -5508,24 +5768,25 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME and
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR, respectively. There is also TEXMFVAR, which is by default user-specific. See the first point
above.
+
+
In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the xetex and
xelatex programs; see xelatex MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future ( MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future ( https://tug.org/metapost/articles),
-likewise pdfTeX (https://tug.org/applications/pdftex).
- The TeX The TeX .fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now stored in
subdirectories of texmf/web2c, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the
@@ -5535,163 +5796,163 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">tex The (plain) The (plain) tex program no longer reads %& first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure
Knuthian TeX. (LaTeX and everything else do still read %& lines).
- Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
-please check CTAN ( Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
+please check CTAN ( https://ctan.org) for updates.
- Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
+ Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a
stable development foundation for future years.
- Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX
-( Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX (
+https://tug.org/tetex). As a result, there was a surge of interest in TeX Live, especially among
-GNU/Linux distributors. (There is a new tetex installation scheme in TeX Live, which provides an
-approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the TeX environment for
+class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/tetex
+
In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an
+ In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an
installation is now stored in a plain text file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb.
- Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after
+ Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after
the initial installation, a feature MiKTeX has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new
packages as they are released to CTAN.
- The major new engine LuaTeX ( The major new engine LuaTeX ( http://luatex.org) is included; besides a new level of flexibility
in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of
TeX documents.
- Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
+
+
+ Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with TeX
Live.
- The new The new tlmgr script (section 5) is the general interface for managing TeX Live after the initial installation.
It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map files, and language files, optionally
including local additions.
-
-
- With the advent of With the advent of tlmgr, the texconfig actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are
now disabled.
- The xindy indexing program ( The xindy indexing program ( http://xindy.sourceforge.net/) is now included on most
platforms.
- The The kpsewhich tool can now report all matches for a given file (option --all) and limit matches to a given
subdirectory (option --subdir).
- The The dvipdfmx program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command
name extractbb; this was one of the last features provided by dvipdfm not in dvipdfmx.
- The font aliases The font aliases Times-Roman, Helvetica, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them
to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve
this.
- The The platex format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese platex;
the polski package is now the main Polish support.
- Internally, the Internally, the WEB string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades.
- Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See
+ Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See
https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf.
-
+
In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L In 2009, the default output format for Lua(LA )TeX is now PDF, to take advantage of LuaTeX’s OpenType
support, et al. New executables named dviluatex and dvilualatex run LuaTeX with DVI output. The
-LuaTeX home page is http://luatex.org.
- The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
+ The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities.
- A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
+ A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the
hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf). In all cases, the metrics remain
-unchanged. The AMS fonts home page is https://ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html.
- The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and
-more information, see the TeXworks home page, The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and
+more information, see the TeXworks home page, https://tug.org/texworks. It is a cross-platform front-end
-inspired by the Mac OS X TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
- The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
+class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/texworks The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home
-page is https://asymptote.sourceforge.io.
- The separate The separate dvipdfm program has been replaced by dvipdfmx, which operates in a special compatibility
mode under that name. dvipdfmx includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years
since the last dvipdfm release.
- Executables for the Executables for the cygwin and i386-netbsd platforms are now included, while we were advised that
OpenBSD users get TeX through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that
have a chance of working on more than one version.
- A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use xz compression, the stable replacement for lzma
-(lzma Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
-available at Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
+available at ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive.
-
+
In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
+ In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
TeX engines when used to produce PDF and to dvipdfmx. Loading the pdf14 LaTeX package changes back to
PDF 1.4, or set \pdfminorversion=4.
- pdf(L pdf(LA )TeX now automatically converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the
epstopdf package, when and if the LaTeX graphics.cfg configuration file is loaded, and PDF is
-
-
being output. The default options are intended to eliminate any chance of hand-created PDF
files being overwritten, but you can also prevent epstopdf from being loaded at all by putting
@@ -5701,11 +5962,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\def... A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the \write18 feature, is
now enabled by default. These commands are repstopdf, conf texmf shell_escape 0 Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
+ Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
arbitrary directory (like TeX itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted
\write18. To change this, the TEXMFOUTPUT environment variable can be set, or the openout_any setting
changed.
- XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently
+ XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently
supported.)
- By default, By default, tlmgr now saves one backup of each package updated (tlmgr option autobackup 1), so
broken package updates can be easily reverted with tlmgr restore. If you do post-install updates, and don’t
have the disk space for the backups, run tlmgr option autobackup 0.
- New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program
+ New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program
for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the chktex utility (originally from chktex Executables for these new platforms are now included: Executables for these new platforms are now included: amd64-freebsd, amd64-kfreebsd, i386-freebsd,
@@ -5757,53 +6018,55 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables
-( A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables (
+https://tug.org/tex4ht) were removed from the binary directories. The generic mk4ht program can be used
to run any of the various tex4ht combinations.
- Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
+ Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
single DVD no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical
DVD is much faster.
-
+
The Mac OS X binaries ( The Mac OS X binaries (universal-darwin and x86_64-darwin) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther
and Tiger are no longer supported.
- The The biber program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is
closely coupled with the biblatex package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities
provided by LaTeX.
- The MetaPost ( The MetaPost (mpost) program no longer creates or uses .mem files. The needed files, such as plain.mp, are
simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant
though not user-visible change.
- The The updmap implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used
on all platforms. There shouldn’t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much
faster.
- The The initex and inimf programs were restored (but no other ini* variants).
-
+
tlmgr supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the tlmgr
help output has more.
- The parameter The parameter \XeTeXdashbreakstate is set to 1 by default, for both xetex and xelatex. This allows line
@@ -5811,136 +6074,140 @@ breaks after em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plai
Existing XeTeX documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set
\XeTeXdashbreakstate to 0 explicitly.
- The output files generated by The output files generated by pdftex and dvips, among others, can now exceed 2 gigabytes.
-
-
- The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of dvips by default, since so many different
versions of them are extant.
- In the restricted In the restricted \write18 execution mode, set by default, mpost is now an allowed program.
- A A texmf.cnf file is also found in ../texmf-local, e.g., /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf, if
it exists.
- The The updmap script reads a per-tree updmap.cfg instead of one global config. This change should be
invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg’s directly. The updmap --help output has more.
- Platforms: Platforms: armel-linux and mipsel-linux added; sparc-linux and i386-netbsd are no longer in the main
distribution.
-
+
Distribution layout: the top-level Distribution layout: the top-level texmf/ directory has been merged into texmf-dist/, for simplicity. Both the
TEXMFMAIN and TEXMFDIST Kpathsea variables now point to texmf-dist.
- Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
- MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
- LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library ( Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
+ MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
+ LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (pdfscanner) to process external PDF page
content, among much else (see its web pages).
- XeTeX (also see its web pages for more): XeTeX (also see its web pages for more): The HarfBuzz library is now used for font layout instead of ICU. (ICU is still used to support
input encodings, bidirectionality, and the optional Unicode line breaking.)
- Graphite2 and HarfBuzz are used instead of SilGraphite for Graphite layout.
+ On Macs, Core Text is used instead of the (deprecated) ATSUI.
+ Prefer TrueType/OpenType fonts to Type1 when the names are the same.
+ Fix occasional mismatch in font finding between XeTeX and xdvipdfmx.
-
+ Support OpenType math cut-ins. xdvi: now uses FreeType instead of t1lib for rendering.
- microtype.sty: some support for XeTeX (protrusion) and LuaTeX (protrusion, font expansion, tracking),
among other enhancements.
- tlmgr: new pinning action to ease configuring multiple repositories; that section in tlmgr --help has
-more, online at https://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES.
- Platforms: Platforms: armhf-linux, mips-irix, i386-netbsd, and amd64-netbsd added or revived; powerpc-aix
removed.
-
+
2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the
+
+
+ 2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the
restoration of the preloaded format string on the banner line. Per Knuth, this now reflects the format that
would be loaded by default, rather than an undumped format that is actually preloaded in the binary; it may
be overridden in various ways.
- pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter \pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup; new primitives for fake
interword spaces to help with PDF text reflowing: \pdfinterwordspaceon, \pdfinterwordspaceoff,
\pdffakespace.
- LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a
+ LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a
new engine variant, luajittex and its siblings texluajit and texluajitc. This uses a just-in-time Lua
compiler (detailed TUGboat article at TUGboat XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode
+ XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode
compatibility decomposition fallback (but not other variants); prefer OpenType to Graphite fonts, for
compatibility with previous XeTeX versions.
- MetaPost: A new numbersystem MetaPost: A new numbersystem decimal is supported, along with a companion internal numberprecision;
a new definition of drawdot in plain.mp, per Knuth; bug fixes in SVG and PNG output, among
others.
- The The pstopdf ConTeXt utility will be removed as a standalone command at some point after the release, due
to conflicts with OS utilities of the same name. It can still (and now) be invoked as mtxrun –script
pstopdf.
- psutils has been substantially revised by a new maintainer. As a result, several seldom-used utilities (fix*,
scripts/ directory rather than being user-level
executables (this can be reversed if it turns out to be problematic). A new script, psjoin, has been
added.
- The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section 3.1.2) no longer includes the optional Mac-only packages
for the Latin Modern and TeX Gyre fonts, since it is easy enough for individual users to make them available
to the system. The convert program from ImageMagick has also been excised, since TeX4ht (specifically
tex4ht.env) now uses Ghostscript directly.
- The The langcjk collection for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean support has been split into individual language
collections for the sake of more moderate sizes.
- Platforms: Platforms: x86_64-cygwin added, mips-irix removed; Microsoft no longer supports Windows XP, so our
programs may start failing there at any time.
-
+
LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the fixltx2e
package, which is now a no-op. A new latexrelease package and other mechanisms allow for controlling what is
@@ -5978,35 +6245,37 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">babel Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters,
+ Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters,
naming of primitives, etc.) which was previously part of TeX Live. This change is intended to be invisible to
users; a few low-level internal control sequences have been renamed or removed, but the behavior should be
just the same.
- pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if \pdfinclusionerrorlevel is
negative; sync with xpdf 3.04.
- LuaTeX: New library LuaTeX: New library newtokenlib for scanning tokens; bug fixes in the normal random number generator
and other places.
- XeTeX: Image handling fixes; XeTeX: Image handling fixes; xdvipdfmx binary looked for first as a sibling to xetex; internal XDV opcodes
changed.
- MetaPost: New numbersystem MetaPost: New numbersystem binary; new Japanese-enabled upmpost and updvitomp programs, analogous
to up*tex.
- MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution
+ MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution
Preference Pane now works in Yosemite (Mac OS X 10.10). Resource-fork font suitcases (generally
without an extension) are no longer supported by XeTeX; data-fork suitcases (.dfont) remain
+
+
supported.
- Infrastructure: The Infrastructure: The fmtutil script has been reimplemented to read fmtutil.cnf on a per-tree basis,
analogous to mktextfm, mktexpk) now prefer programs in
their own directory, instead of always using the existing PATH.
- Platforms: Platforms: *-kfreebsd removed, since TeX Live is now easily available through the system
-platform mechanisms. Support for some additional platforms is available as custom binaries
-(https://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html). In addition, some platforms are now omitted from the
DVD (simply to save space), but can be installed normally over the net.
-
+
LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure
+ LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure
rearrangements. The changes are summarized in an article by Hans Hagen, “LuaTeX 0.90 backend changes for
-PDF and more” (https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb37-1/tb115hagen-pdf.pdf); for all the details, see the
LuaTeX manual, texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatex.pdf.
- Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont,
+ Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont,
for trial testing purposes.
- MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0.
- MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0.
+ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support in all engines except LuaTeX (which will come in the next release) and
original tex (intentionally omitted): if the environment variable \month, \day, \time. The pdfTeX manual has examples
and details.
- pdfTeX: new primitives pdfTeX: new primitives \pdfinfoomitdate, \pdftrailerid, \pdfsuppressptexinfo, to control values
appearing in the output which normally change with each run. These features are for PDF output only, not
DVI.
- XeTeX: New primitives XeTeX: New primitives \XeTeXhyphenatablelength, \XeTeXgenerateactualtext, Other utilities: Other utilities: gregorio is a new program, part of the gregoriotex package for typesetting Gregorian chant
scores; it is included in shell_escape_commands by default.
- upmendex is an index creation program, mostly compatible with makeindex, with support for
Unicode sorting, among other changes.
- afm2tfm now makes only accent-based height adjustments upward; a new option -a omits all
adjustments.
- MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility;
+ ps2pk can handle extended PK/GF fonts. MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility;
bundled GUI applications upgraded; new script cjk-gs-integrate to be run by users who wish to incorporate
various CJK fonts into Ghostscript.
- Infrastructure: System-level Infrastructure: System-level tlmgr configuration file supported; verify package checksums; if GPG is
available, verify signature of network updates. These checks happen with both the installer and tlmgr. If GPG
is not available, updates proceed as usual.
- Platforms: Platforms: alpha-linux and mipsel-linux removed.
-
+
LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; ffi library for dynamic code
loading added on some platforms.
- pdfTeX: Environment variable pdfTeX: Environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_TEX_PRIMITIVES from last year renamed to
FORCE_SOURCE_DATE, with no changes in functionality; if the \pdfpageattr token list contains the string
/MediaBox, omit output of the default /MediaBox.
- XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug
+ XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug
fixes.
- Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with dvipdfmx and package expectations; the
-L0 option (L0 config setting) restores the previous behavior of the first special winning.
- epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \pdfuniformdeviate, \pdfnormaldeviate, \pdfrandomseed,
@@ -6129,7 +6402,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfrandomseed MacTeX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches
+ MacTeX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches
will be supported in MacTeX, under the platform name x86_64-darwin; currently this means
Yosemite, El Capitan, and Sierra (10.10 and newer). Binaries for older Mac OS X versions are not
@@ -6138,9 +6411,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwinlegacy Infrastructure: The Infrastructure: The TEXMFLOCAL tree is now searched before TEXMFSYSCONFIG and TEXMFSYSVAR (by
@@ -6150,7 +6421,7 @@ has a new mode shell for interactive and scripted use, and a new action conf auxtrees to easily add and
remove extra trees.
- updmap and fmtutil: These scripts now give a warning when invoked without explicitly specifying either
so-called system mode (updmap-user, fmtutil-user,
or option -user). The hope is that this will reduce the perennial problem of invoking user mode by accident
-and thus losing future system updates. See https://tug.org/texlive/scripts-sys-user.html for
details.
- install-tl: Personal paths such as TEXMFHOME are now set to MacTeX values (~/Library/...) by
@@ -6174,70 +6445,75 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">-init-from-profile SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like foo.synctex(busy), instead of
foo.synctex.gz(busy) (no .gz). Front-ends and build systems that want to remove temp files may need
adjusting.
- Other utilities: Other utilities: texosquery-jre8 is a new cross-platform program for retrieving locale and other OS
information from a TeX document; it is included in shell_escape_commands by default for restricted shell
execution. (Older JRE versions are supported by texosquery, but cannot be enabled in restricted mode, as they
are no longer supported by Oracle, even for security issues.)
- Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes.
-
+ Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes.
+
Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set texmf.cnf or
environment variable texmf_casefold_search to 0 to disable. Full details in the Kpathsea manual
-(0 epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive \epTeXversion.
- LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary luatex53 is available on most platforms, but
must be renamed to luatex to be effective. Or use the ConTeXt Garden (luatex MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output.
- pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for
+ MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output.
+ pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for
\pdfprimitive and related.
- XeTeX: Support XeTeX: Support /Rotate in PDF image inclusion; exit nonzero if the output driver fails; various obscure
UTF-8 and other primitive fixes.
- MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in /Applications/TeX/ by
MacTeX have been reorganized for greater clarity; now this location contains four GUI programs (BibDesk,
LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop) at the top level and folders with additional utilities and
documentation.
- tlmgr: new front-ends tlshell (Tcl/Tk) and tlcockpit (Java); JSON output; uninstall now a synonym
+
+
for remove; new action/option print-platform-info.
- Platforms: Platforms: Removed: armel-linux, powerpc-linux.
- x86_64-darwin supports 10.10–10.13 (Yosemite, El Capitan, Sierra, and High Sierra).
- x86_64-darwinlegacy supports 10.6–10.10 (though x86_64-darwin is preferred for 10.10).
All support for 10.5 (Leopard) is gone, that is, both the powerpc-darwin and i386-darwin
platforms have been removed.
-
+ Windows: XP is no longer supported.
Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable TEXMFDOTDIR instead of
hard-coded . in paths allows for easily searching additional or sub-directories (see comments in
texmf.cnf).
- epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \readpapersizespecial and \expanded.
- LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library
+ LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library
pplib is used to read pdf files, thus eliminating the dependency on poppler (and the need for C++); Lua
interface changed accordingly.
- MetaPost: MetaPost: r-mpost command name recognized as an alias for invocation with the --restricted option,
and added to the list of restricted commands available by default. Minimum precision now 2 for
decimal and binary mode. Binary mode no longer available in MPlib but still available in standalone
MetaPost.
- pdfTeX: New primitive pdfTeX: New primitive \expanded; if new primitive parameter \pdfomitcharset is set to 1, the /CharSet
string omitted from the PDF output, since it cannot feasibly be guaranteed correct, as required by PDF/A-2
and PDF/A-3.
- XeTeX: New primitives XeTeX: New primitives \expanded, \creationdate, \elapsedtime, \uniformdeviate, \randomseed; extend \Ucharcat to produce
active characters.
- tlmgr: Support curl as a download program; use lz4 and gzip before xz for local backups, if available;
prefer system-provided binaries over binaries provided with TeX Live for compressor and download programs,
unless the environment variable TEXLIVE_PREFER_OWN is set.
- install-tl: New option -gui (with no argument) is the default on Windows and Macs, and invokes a new
Tcl/TK GUI (see sections 1.3 and 3.1.6).
- Utilities: Utilities: cwebbin ( https://ctan.org/pkg/cwebbin) is now the CWEB implementation in TeX Live, with
- support for more language dialects, and including the https://ctan.org/pkg/cwebbin chkdvifont: report font information from DVI files, also from tfm/ofm, vf, gf, pk.
- MacTeX:
+ dvispc: make a DVI file page-independent with respect to specials. MacTeX: x86_64-darwin now supports 10.12 and higher (Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave); x86_64-darwinlegacy
still supports 10.6 and newer. The spell checker Excalibur is no longer included, since it requires 32-bit
support.
- Platforms: removed Platforms: removed sparc-solaris.
-
+
+
+
General: General: The \input primitive in all TeX engines, including tex, now also accepts a group-delimited
filename argument, as a system-dependent extension. The usage with a standard
@@ -6344,23 +6625,26 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">" New option --cnf-line for kpsewhich, tex, mf, and all other engines, to support arbitrary
configuration settings on the command line.
- The addition of various primitives to various engines in this and previous years is intended
to result in a common set of functionality available across all engines (LaTeX News #31,
https://latex-project.org/news).
+ epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \Uchar, \Ucharcat, \current(x)spacingmode, \ifincsname; revise
class="ec-lmtt-10">\fontchar?? LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines luahbtex (used for lualatex) and
luajithbtex. New primitives: \eTeXgluestretchorder, \eTeXglueshrinkorder.
- pdfTeX: New primitive pdfTeX: New primitive \pdfmajorversion; this merely changes the version number in the PDF output; it
has no effect on any PDF content. \pdfximage and similar now search for image files in the same way as
\openin.
- pTeX: New primitives pTeX: New primitives \ifjfont, \iftfont. Also in epTeX, upTeX, eupTeX.
- XeTeX: Fixes for XeTeX: Fixes for \Umathchardef, \XeTeXinterchartoks, \pdfsavepos.
- Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities
-( Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities (
+https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125rokicki-type3search.pdf).
- MacTeX: MacTeX and MacTeX: MacTeX and x86_64-darwin now require 10.13 or higher (High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina);
x86_64-darwinlegacy supports 10.6 and newer. MacTeX is notarized and command line programs have
@@ -6403,47 +6685,56 @@ hardened runtimes, as now required by Apple for install packages. BibDesk and Te
not in MacTeX because they are not notarized, but a README file lists urls where they can be
obtained.
- tlmgr and infrastructure: Automatically retry (once) packages that fail to download.
+ New option tlmgr check texmfdbs, to to check consistency of ls-R files and !! specifications
for each tree.
- Use versioned filenames for the package containers, as in tlnet/archive/pkgname.rNNN.tar.xz;
should be invisible to users, but a notable change in distribution.
- catalogue-date information no longer propagated from the TeX Catalogue, since it was often
- unrelated to package updates.
+ unrelated to package updates. General: General: Donald Knuth’s changes for his 2021 tuneup of TeX and Metafont are incorporated (
+ https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb42-1/tb130knuth-tuneup21.pdf). They are also available on
CTAN as the knuth-dist and knuth-local packages. As expected, the fixes are for obscure cases
and do not affect any behavior in practice.
- Except in original TeX: if \tracinglostchars is set to 3 or more, missing characters will result
in an error, not just a message in the log file, and the missing character code will be shown in
hex.
- Except in original TeX: a new integer parameter \tracingstacklevels, if positive, and
\tracingmacros is also positive, causes a prefix indicating the macro expansion depth to be
@@ -6451,66 +6742,80 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\tracingmacros Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named lamed, has been removed. The aleph binary itself is still
included and supported.
- LuaTeX: LuaTeX: Lua 5.3.6.
+ Callback for nesting level used in \tracingmacros, as generalized variant of the new
\tracingstacklevels.
- MetaPost: Mark math glyphs as protected to prevent processing as text.
+ Removed width/ic compensation for traditional math code path. MetaPost: SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable support for reproducible output.
- Avoid wrong final % in mpto.
- Document -T option, other fixes to manual.
- Value of epsilon changed in binary and decimal modes, so mp_solve_rising_cubic works as
- expected. pdfTeX: pdfTeX: New primitives \pdfrunninglinkoff and \pdfrunninglinkon; e.g., for disabling generation of
links in headers and footers.
- Warn instead of aborting when “\pdfendlink ended up in different nesting level than
\pdfstartlink”.
- Dump \pdfglyphtounicode assignments in fmt file.
- Source: poppler support removed, as it was too hard to keep in sync with upstream. In native
TL, pdfTeX has always used libs/xpdf, which is cut-down and adapted code from xpdf. XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning.
- Dvipdfmx: XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning.
+ Dvipdfmx: Ghostscript is now invoked safely by default; to override (assuming all input files are
trusted), use -i dvipdfmx-unsafe.cfg. To use PSTricks with XeTeX, this is required, as in:
@@ -6522,34 +6827,43 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> dvipdfmx-unsafe.cfg If an image file is not found, exit with bad status.
+ Extended special syntax for color support.
+ Specials for manipulating ExtGState.
- Compatibility specials pdfcolorstack and pdffontattr.
- Experimental support for dviluatex’s extended fnt_def.
- Dvips: Support new feature of virtual font to fallback Japanese font definition. Dvips: Default PostScript document title is now the basename of the input file, and can be overridden
with the new option -title.
- If an .eps or other image file is not found, exit with bad status.
- MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder
+ Support new feature of virtual font to fallback Japanese font definition. MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder universal-darwin now require macOS 10.14 or higher
(Mojave, Catalina, and Big Sur); the x86_64-darwin binary folder is no longer present. The
@@ -6557,50 +6871,54 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and
+ This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and
will sell and support both ARM and Intel machines for many years. All programs in universal-darwin
have executable code for both ARM and Intel. Both binaries are compiled from the same source
code.
- The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are
+ The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are
signed with a hardened runtime, so all are included in MacTeX this year.
- tlmgr and infrastructure: keep only one backup of the main repository’s texlive.tlpdb.
- even more portability across systems and Perl versions.
+ tlmgr info reports new lcat-* and rcat-* fields for local vs. remote Catalogue data.
-
+ full logging of subcommands moved to new log file texmf-var/web2c/tlmgr-commands.log.
We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation,
+ We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation,
more programs, an ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts, and anything else TeX. This
work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and there is always more to do. Please see
https://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html.
- Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+ Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
Happy TeXing!
3.1.1 Unix
-3.1.2 Mac OS X
-3.1.3 Windows
-3.1.4 Cygwin
-
-
-3.1.5 The text installer
-3.1.6 The graphical installer
-3.2 Running the installer
-3.2.1 Binary systems menu (Unix only)
@@ -1482,12 +1552,12 @@ class="ec-lmtt-8"> [ ] Windows (win32)
-3.2.3 Directories
-3.2.4 Options
@@ -1902,94 +1972,112 @@ class="ec-lmtt-8"> for package updates: [X]
-
-3.3 Command-line install-tl options
-
-3.3.1 The -repository option
-3.4 Post-install actions
-3.4.1 Environment variables for Unix
- MANPATH
class="ec-lmtt-9">INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH;
export INFOPATH
- /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH
class="ec-lmtt-9">setenv
INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH
-3.4.2 Environment variables: Global configuration
- /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man
-3.4.3 Internet updates after DVD installation
-3.4.4 System font configuration for XeTeX and LuaTeX
-
-
-
-
-3.4.5 ConTeXt Mark IV
-3.4.6 Integrating local and personal macros
- TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
-3.4.7 Integrating third-party fonts
-3.5 Testing the installation
-
-
This isTranscript written on sample2e.log.
-
-
3.6 Uninstalling TeX Live
-
-
-
-3.7 Links for additional downloadable software
-
-
+class="ec-lmtt-10">https://www.winshell.de.4 Specialized installations
-4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations
-4.2 Portable (USB) installations
-5 tlmgr: Managing your installation
id="x1-43001r9">
-
-5.1 GUI interfaces for tlmgr
-5.2 Sample tlmgr command-line invocations
-6 Notes on Windows
-6.1 Windows-specific features
-
-6.2 Additional software included on Windows
-
-6.3 User Profile is Home
-6.4 The Windows registry
-6.5 Windows permissions
-6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin
-[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
-7 A user’s guide to Web2C
-
-
-
-
-
-7.1 Kpathsea path searching
-7.1.1 Path sources
-
-
-7.1.2 Config files
- TEXINPUTS=.:/my/macro/dir:
-
-
-
variable [.value begins with ‘.’, it is simplest
to use the ‘=’ to avoid the period being interpreted as the program name qualifier.)
-
%
e-TeX related files
+
+
= .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
-7.1.3 Path expansion
-7.1.4 Default expansion
-7.1.5 Brace expansion
- TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}
- TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
-7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion
-7.1.7 Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files
-
and #7.2 Filename databases
-7.2.1 The filename database
-7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
-
num
Set the format for lookup to name. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For
formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and
@@ -4117,7 +4285,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help-formats
Set the mode name to string; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. No default: any mode will
--must-exist
Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the
ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
@@ -4136,7 +4304,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R
Search along the path string (colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from
the filename. ‘--format’
class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=
Set the program name to name. This can affect the search paths via the .kpsewhich.
class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=
shows the path used for file lookups of file type name. Either a filename extension (.pk, --format’ option.
class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=
sets the debugging options to num.7.2.3 Examples of use
-7.2.4 Debugging actions
-
-
kdebug:search(config.cms)
=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms7.3 Runtime options
-
-7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR
-8 Acknowledgements
-
-
), which distributes the TeX Live images and provides
+ the common infrastructure for package updates, upon which TeX Live depends.
+ 9 Release history
-9.1 Past
-9.1.1 2003
-
-
-9.1.2 2004
-
-
-
-
http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html
-
- \input "filename with spaces" % plain
\input{"filename with spaces"} % latex
9.1.3 2005
-
-
-
- latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
9.1.4 2006–2007
-9.1.5 2008
-9.1.6 2009
-9.1.7 2010
-9.1.8 2011
-9.1.9 2012
-9.1.10 2013
-
-
-9.1.11 2014
-9.1.12 2015
-9.1.13 2016
-
-
-
\XeTeXinterwordspaceshaping, \mdfivesum; character class limit increased to 4096; DVI id byte
incremented.
-
-
-9.1.14 2017
-9.1.15 2018
-
-
-9.1.16 2019
-
-
-9.1.17 2020
-
-
command, as that is a macro redefinition of the
standard \input primitive.
-
-
-
-9.2 Present: 2021
-
-
is also positive, causes a prefix indi
class="ec-lmtt-10">~..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-q -E" ...
-
-
-
-9.3 Future
-
-
-