From 5dc602d16c5be2fd035b254ca23484a90aebd6dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Mon, 9 Jan 2006 00:45:48 +0000 Subject: doc 5 git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@81 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00changes.txt | 36 + Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00readme.txt | 49 + Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/monsyl.txt | 456 ++++++++ Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgr.readme | 39 + .../texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgreekmacros.tex | 159 +++ Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrhyph.tex | 1179 ++++++++++++++++++++ Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrpaper.tex | 763 +++++++++++++ .../texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrtestfont.tex | 274 +++++ .../texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/tomakeformat.txt | 26 + 9 files changed, 2981 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00changes.txt create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00readme.txt create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/monsyl.txt create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgr.readme create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgreekmacros.tex create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrhyph.tex create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrpaper.tex create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrtestfont.tex create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/tomakeformat.txt (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr') diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00changes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00changes.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9be612e38ba --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00changes.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + -Files renamed to avoid conflicts with CM: + accent.mf renamed to rgraccent.mf + punct.mf renamed to rgrpunct.mf + + -Files renamed to avoid conflicts with Levy's Greek + gen_acc.mf renamed to rgen_acc.mf + grbase.mf renamed to rgrbase.mf + greek.mf renamed to rgreek.mf + greekmacros.tex renamed to rgreekmacros.tex + grtestfont.tex renamed to rgrtestfont.tex + lig.mf renamed to rgrlig.mf + lower.mf renamed to rgrlower.mf + upper.mf renamed to rgrupper.mf + + -Files renamed to conform to HMC foreign language conventions + rgrhyph.tex renamed to grhypha.tex + + -Files replaced with near-identical files from Levy's Greek + digits.mf + + -Files changed to reflect above renamings: + greekcsc.mf + mrgrbf10.mf + mrgrrg10.mf + mrgrsl10.mf + mrgrti10.mf + m_greek.mf + rgrbf10.mf + rgreek.mf + rgrpaper.tex + rgrrg10.mf + rgrsc10.mf + rgrsl10.mf + rgrtestfont.tex + rgrti10.mf + tomakeformat.txt diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00readme.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9110bf9a1c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/00readme.txt @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + +Directory TEX_ROOT:[BABEL.GREEK.YANNIS] + +00CHANGES.TXT;5 +00README.TXT;1 +CSC_MISCE.MF;1 +DIGITS.MF;2 +GEN_ACC.MF;2 +GEN_M_ACC.MF;1 +GREEKCSC.MF;2 +IT_DIGITS.MF;1 +IT_LIG.MF;1 +IT_LOWER.MF;1 +LIGCSC.MF;1 +MONSYL.TXT;1 +MRGRBF10.MF;2 +MRGRRG10.MF;2 +MRGRSL10.MF;2 +MRGRTI10.MF;2 +M_ACCENT.MF;1 +M_GREEK.MF;2 +RGEN_ACC.MF;1 +RGR.README;2 +RGRACCENT.MF;1 +RGRBASE.MF;1 +RGRBF10.MF;3 +RGREEK.MF;3 +RGREEKMACROS.TEX;1 +RGRHYPH.TEX;1 +RGRLIG.MF;1 +RGRLOWER.MF;1 +RGRPAPER.DVI;1 +RGRPAPER.LIS;2 +RGRPAPER.TEX;3 +RGRPUNCT.MF;1 +RGRRG10.MF;3 +RGRSC10.300GF;1 +RGRSC10.LIS;1 +RGRSC10.MF;2 +RGRSC10.PL;1 +RGRSC10.TFM;1 +RGRSL10.MF;3 +RGRTESTFONT.TEX;2 +RGRTI10.MF;3 +RGRUPPER.MF;1 +SCSC.MF;1 +TOMAKEFORMAT.TXT;2 + +Total of 44 files. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/monsyl.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/monsyl.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b704a49ee7f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/monsyl.txt @@ -0,0 +1,456 @@ +% +% This is part of the rgr-package, version 1.0 +% +% LIST OF ONE-SYLLAB WORDS WHICH TAKE NO ACCENT +% IN THE NEW ONE-ACCENT SYSTEM +% +% Source: Dictionnary of Mhqi'wthc (ref. 3 in the paper) +% +% +% Exceptions are: >'h, p~wc, po~u, und mo~u, so~u, to~u etc +% in case of misunderstanding: +% for example o pat'erac mou e'ipe +% can mean: my father said (~ipe) +% or father said to me (~ipe). +% In the first case it would be: o pat'erac mou e'ipe +% and in the second one: o pat'erac mo'u e'ipe. +% But if there is no possible misunderstanding, these words get no +% accent. +% +% +>~a +>'a +<'a +>'ai +>'ah +<'alc +>'alt +>'an +>'aq +b'att +b'aq +b'hx +b'olt +bo~u +bo~uc +bg'ec +br'ec +bg~w +bge~ic +bge~i +bgo~un +br'e +b~wx +bi'oc +br~w +bre~ic +bre~i +bro~un +bo~un +g'a +g'ar +g~h +g~hc +g~hn +gi'a +gi'en +gi'wt +gk'el +gk'i +gk'olf +gi'oc +gio~u +gi'o +gio'i +gi~wn +gio'uc +gkro'um +gla~ux +gra~uc +gr'i +gr~u +gr'uy +gk'ol +g'in +gi'angk +gi'ok +g'uy +d'a +da'ic +d'ac +d'e +de~i +de~in +d'en +d'ec +d~w +de~ic +do~un +d'h +d'hx +di'a +d'ic +d'on +do'ux +dr'ax +du'o +dr~w +dr~ac +dr~a +dro~un +dr~uc +>'e +>'ea +e<~ic +>'em +<'en +<'ex +e>~u +ze'uc +ze~i +ze~ic +z~hn +zo~un +z~w +z'en +>~hn +<'h +<~hc +<'hn +j'a +j'in +j'ic +jl~a +jl~ac +jlo~un +jl~w +j'ec +jr'ix +jr'iy +jro~uc +j'wc +jei'oc +jei'a +jeio'i +jeio'uc +jei~wn +jeio~u +jei~ac +jei'ec +>'ic +>'i +ka'i +k>'an +k'ic +k~in +kl~a +kl~ac +klo~un +kl~w +k'itc +k'atc +kr'a +kr'aq +kr'hc +kte'ic +k'ur +k'wk +k~wc +k~w +kla~ic +ka~ic +ka~in +kl'unn +l'a +l'ax +l'iy +l'ugx +l'ec +l'en +l'ok +m'a +ma'itr +m'arc +m~ac +m'at +m'atc +m'e +mo'utc +m'en +m'h +m'hn +m'i +m'ic +mn~an +mn~ac +mn~a +m'orc +mi'a +m'ec +mp~a +mp'a +mp'ar +mp'ac +mp'iz +mpl'e +mpl'ok +mo~u +mp'ec +mplo'um +mplo'uz +mp'ol +mp'ox +mpr'e +mpr'ik +mpr'itz +mp'it +mp'ip +mpr'oc +m~u +m~uc +m'wy +mp'ak +mpo'um +mp'am +n'a +na'i +na~u +na~un +na~uc +n'h +n'i +ni'a +nt'an +n'ok +nt'e +nt'o +nt'ok +nt'on +nto'uc +n~u +n~un +n'ux +n'ec +nt'ip +ntr'in +nto~u +ni'oc +nio~u +ni'o +nio'i +ni~wn +nio'uc +ni~ac +ni'an +ni'ec +>'on +<'oc +o<~u +<'on +<'o +o<'i +o<'uc +o<'u +o>~uc +o>'ust +o>'uf +o>'uq +>'oq +p'a +pa~ic +pa~i +p~an +p'an +p~ac +p'at +p~w +pe~ic +pe~i +po~un +p'ec +p'ik-n'ik +pl'hn +plo~uc +plo~i +plo~un +plo~u +p'i +pi'ec +pie~i +pio~un +pi~w +pie~ic +pn'ux +po'u +po'uc +po'uf +pr'in +pr'o +pro'ix +pi'a +pi'o +pr'oc +p'ux +p~ur +p'w +p'wc +poi'oc +poi'a +poi'o +poio'i +poio'uc +poi~wn +poio~u +poi~ac +poi'an +poi'on +poi'ec +r'ax +r'e +r'ingk +r'ic +ro~uc +ro~u +ro~un +r'wx +r'wc +r~w +r'o +r'ok +re~i +s'an +s'a +s'arx +s~ac +s'e +s'ex +s'er +s'hc +s'hy +s'ef +st'a +st'o +s'ik +sk'i +sk'wr +sk'wy +sn'omp +s'ok +s'oc +so'ut +so~u +sto~u +st'on +sto'uc +spl'hn +sp'or +sp~w +sp~ac +sp~an +st'ar +st'ul +st'ux +s'u +st~hc +st'hn +st~wn +st'h +s'un +s~uc +s~un +sf'hn +sf'hx +sf'igx +st'op +str'ac +st'ok +t'a +ta~u +t'akt +t'an +t~ac +t'e +t'est +tz'in +t'i +ts'ok +tz'im +tz'wn +t'ik +t'ic +t'o +to~u +t'on +to'uc +t~hc +t'hn +t~wn +tr'ak +t'h +tz'ak +tr'am +tr'ast +tre~ic +tr'ic +tr'ik +tr'wc +tr~wc +tr~wn +ts'ak +t'ak +t'ok +ts'e +ts'ek +ts'if +tso'u +ts'a +tso'uf +ts'af +tz'az +t'ost +tz'ast +ts'ingk +f'i +f~ac +f~an +fe~u +fl'ert +fl'ey +fl'it +fl'ux +f'wr +f~wc +f'wc +f'ilm +fl'ac +f'ic +f'on +fto~u +f'ast +fo~unt +q'a +q'i +q'e +qo'u +qe'ir +q'hn +qj'ec +qt'ec +qj'wn +jo~uc +jo~un +jr'h +jr'wc +j'wl +y'i +y'ec +y'hn +y'it +>'w +>~w +>'wm +>'wn +>'wq +>'wy +<'wc + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgr.readme b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgr.readme new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7a455b19aa --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgr.readme @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +List of files: +accent.mf, csc_misce.mf, digits.mf, gen_acc.mf, gen_m_acc.mf, grbase.mf, +greek.mf, greekcsc.mf, it_digits.mf, it_lig.mf, it_lower.mf, lig.mf, +ligcsc.mf, lower.mf, m_accent.mf, m_greek.mf, punct.mf, scsc.mf, upper.mf, + +rgrrg10.mf, rgrsl10.mf, rgrti10.mf, rgrbf10.mf, rgrsc10.mf, mrgrrg10.mf, +mrgrsl10.mf, mrgrti10.mf, mrgrbf10.mf, + +greekmacros.tex, monsyl.txt, rgrhyph.tex, rgrpaper.tex, tomakeformat.txt, +grtestfont.tex + +************************************************************************* + USERS'S GUIDE +************************************************************************* + +Run all the fonts with \mag:=1; Run rgrrg10 also with \mag:=.9;. Make sure +that the fonts cmssqi8 and mcyr10 are available. Same thing for tugbot.sty +and tugbot.com (version 0.5 at least). Run rgrpaper.tex (this is a NEW version +of "Y. Haralambous, K. Thull, Typesetting modern greek with 128 character +codes, TUGboat 10 (1989) 354-359). + +Read it! + +If you want to make a greek format, remove "\input hyphen.tex" from plain.tex, +and replace by he contents of tomakeformat.txt. + +If you want to make the PASCAL word processor mentionned in rgrpaper, you +will find in monsyl.txt a list of monosyllabes. + +That's it. If you are a satisfied user you can send me a postcard for my +collection (or perhaps some work you have done with this package), else send +me your remarks and complaints. My address is + + Yannis Haralambous + 101/11, rue Breughel + 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France + Tel. (33) 20.05.28.80 + email: (Bitnet) yannis@frcitl71 + (after June, 1, 1990 yannis@frcitl81) diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgreekmacros.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgreekmacros.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3aad8fd1ac0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgreekmacros.tex @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +\def\lt{<} +\def\gt{>} +\newcount\fontnumber +\fontnumber=0 +\newif\ifoneaccent\oneaccenttrue +\def\ifnextchar#1#2#3{\let\tempe #1\def\tempa{#2}\def\tempb{#3}\futurelet + \tempc\ifnch} +\def\ifnch{\ifx\tempc\tempe\let\tempd\tempa\else\let\tempd\tempb\fi\tempd} +\def\gobble#1{} +\def\greekmode{% +\catcode`\<=13% +\catcode`\>=13% +\catcode`\'=11% +\catcode`\`=13% +\catcode`\~=11% +\catcode`\"=13% +\lccode`\<=`\<% +\lccode`\>=`\>% +\lccode`\'=`\'% +\lccode`\~=`\~% +\lccode`\"=`\"% +\def\rg{\fontnumber=1\tengr}% +\def\sl{\fontnumber=2\tengrsl}% +\def\it{\fontnumber=3\tengrit}% +\def\bf{\fontnumber=4\tengrbf}% +\def\smc{\fontnumber=5\tengrsmc}% +\def\I##1{\setbox0\hbox{##1}\ifdim\ht0=1ex\accent'174 ##1% + \else{\ooalign{\hidewidth\char'174\hidewidth\crcr\unhbox0}}\fi}}% +\newcount\vwl +\newcount\acct +{ + \greekmode + \gdef>{\ifnextchar ~{\expandafter\smoothcircumflex\gobble}{\char\lq\>}} + \gdef<{\ifnextchar ~{\expandafter\roughcircumflex\gobble}{\char\lq\<}} + \gdef\smoothcircumflex#1{\acct=\rq134 \vwl=\lq#1 \dobreathingcircumflex} + \gdef\roughcircumflex#1{\acct=\rq100 \vwl=\lq#1 \dobreathingcircumflex} + \gdef\dobreathingcircumflex{\ifnum\vwl\lt\rq140 %if uppercase + \char\the\acct\kern -.2em\char\the\vwl\else + \doaccent\fi} + \gdef\doaccent{\accent\the\acct \char\the\vwl\relax} + \gdef"{\ifnextchar '{\expandafter\diaeresisacute\gobble}{\accent\lq\"}} + \gdef\diaeresisacute#1{\accent\rq043 #1} + \gdef`{'} +} + +\newif\ifgreek\greekfalse + +\def\begingreek{\bgroup\font\tengr=rgrrg10\font\tengrsl=rgrsl10% +\font\tengrbf=rgrbf10\font\tengrit=rgrti10\font\tengrsmc=rgrsc10% +\greektrue\greekmode\rg} +\def\beginmgreek{\bgroup\font\tengr=mrgrrg10\font\tengrsl=mrgrsl10% +\font\tengrbf=mrgrbf10\font\tengrit=mrgrti10\font\tengrsmc=rgrsc10% +\greektrue\greekmode\rg} +\def\endgreek{\egroup} +\def\endmgreek{\egroup} +\def\monotoniko{% +\font\tengr=mrgrrg10\font\tengrsl=mrgrsl10% +\font\tengrbf=mrgrbf10\font\tengrit=mrgrti10% +\ifnum\fontnumber=5\smc% + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=4\bf% + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=3\it% + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=2\sl% + \else\rg% + \fi% + \fi% + \fi% +\fi% +} +\def\polutoniko{% +\font\tengr=rgrrg10\font\tengrsl=rgrsl10% +\font\tengrbf=rgrbf10\font\tengrit=rgrti10% +\ifnum\fontnumber=5\smc% + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=4\bf% + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=3\it% + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=2\sl% + \else\rg% + \fi% + \fi% + \fi% +\fi% +} +\let\math=$% +{\catcode`\$=13% +\gdef\greekdelims{\catcode`\$=13% +\def${\ifgreek\endgreek\else\begingreek\fi} +\def\display{\math\math}\def\enddisplay{\math\math}}} +\def\grave#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq001\next#1}} +\def\roughgrave#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq002\next#1}} +\def\smoothgrave#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq003\next#1}} +\def\diaeresisgrave#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq004\next#1}} +\def\diaeresiscircumflex#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq005\next#1}} +\def\breve#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq006\next#1}} +\def\macron#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\smc\accent\rq007\next#1}} +\def\rhorough{{\tengrsmc +\ifnum\fontnumber=5\char\rq162 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=4\char\rq016 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=3\char\rq014 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=2\char\rq012 + \else\char\rq010 + \fi + \fi + \fi +\fi +}} +\def\rhosmooth{{\tengrsmc +\ifnum\fontnumber=5\char\rq162 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=4\char\rq017 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=3\char\rq015 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=2\char\rq013 + \else\char\rq011 + \fi + \fi + \fi +\fi +}} +\def\digamma{{\smc\char\rq135}} +\def\smallDigamma{{\smc\char\rq140}} +\def\Digamma{{\tengrsmc +\ifnum\fontnumber=5\char\rq021 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=4\char\rq027 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=3\char\rq025 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=2\char\rq023 + \else\char\rq021 + \fi + \fi + \fi +\fi +}} +\def\vardigamma{{\tengrsmc +\ifnum\fontnumber=5\char\rq020 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=4\char\rq026 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=3\char\rq024 + \else\ifnum\fontnumber=2\char\rq022 + \else\char\rq020 + \fi + \fi + \fi +\fi +}} +\def\understroke{{\smc\char\rq046}} +\def\overstroke{{\smc\char\rq044}} +\def\sanpi{{\smc\char\rq136}} +\def\Sanpi{{\smc\char\rq137}} +\def\qoppa{{\smc\char\rq133}} +\def\varqoppa{{\smc\char\rq134}} +\def\Qoppa{{\smc\char\rq103}} +\def\Tao{{\smc\char\rq177}} +\def\ssh{\breve{s}}\def\SSH{\breve{S}} +\def\dz{\breve{z}}\def\DZ{\breve{Z}} +\def\psh{\breve{y}}\def\PSH{\breve{Y}} +\def\ksh{\breve{x}}\def\KSH{\breve{X}} +\def\inviota{{\smc\char\rq126}} +\def\grMF{{\smc\char\rq030\char\rq031\char\rq032\char\rq033}\-{\smc% +\char\rq034\char\rq036\char\rq037\char\rq032}} +\def\MF{{\smc\char\rq030\char\rq031\char\rq032\char\rq033}\-{\smc% +\char\rq040\char\rq036\char\rq037\char\rq032}} + +\endinput + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrhyph.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrhyph.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5ae489b008c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrhyph.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1179 @@ +% +% This is part of the rgr-package version 1.1 +% as of March 2, 1990 Lille (France) +% +% Hyphenation patterns for modern greek language +% ********************************************** +% +\patterns{% +.>a4 +.>'a4 +.>~a4 +.e4 +.>'e4 +.>~e4 +.h4 +.>'h4 +.>~h4 +.

i4 +.>'i4 +.>~i4 +.o4 +.>'o4 +.>~o4 +.w4 +.>'w4 +.>~w4 +.i +a2>'i +a2>~i +a2u +a2>'u +a2>~u +a2i +e2>'i +e2>~i +e2u +e2>'u +e2>~u +e2u +h2>'u +h2>~u +h2 +''4< +'''a4 +''>a'4 +''~a4 +''<~a4 +'''e4 +'''>e'4 +'''h'4 +''~h4 +''<~h4 +'''i4 +''>i'4 +''~i4 +''<~i4 +'''o4 +''>o'4 +''u'4 +''~u4 +''<~u4 +'''w4 +''>w'4 +''~w4 +''<~w4 +o1 +o2i +o2'i +o2~i +o2>i +o2>'i +o2>~i +o2u +o2>'u +o2>~u +o2i +u2>'i +u2>~i +u27.5pt\reposition + \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi + \box0\global\advance\n 1 } +\def\reposition{\setbox0=\vbox{\kern2pt\box0}\dim=\dp0 + \advance\dim 2pt \dp0=\dim} +\def\centerlargechars{ + \def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}} +\greekdelims +\font\ninergr=rgrrg10 scaled 900 + +\TBremark{Pick up fonts for Imagen. Make fonts for APS} + +\def\blash{\math\backslash\math} +\let\bs=\blash +\def\begineight{\smallskip\bgroup\eightpoint} +\def\endeight{\par\egroup\smallskip} +%\font\smallrg=rgrrg8 % commented out by rw +\def\QED.{\math\square\mah} +\def\O#1{\hbox{\rm\char'23\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant +\def\refersto#1{\math{}^#1\math} +\def\referred#1{\par\hang\noindent#1.} % overwritten below +\newdimen\thehangindent +\setbox0=\hbox{0. } +\thehangindent=\wd0 +\def\referred#1{\par\hangindent\thehangindent\noindent + \hbox to \thehangindent{\hss#1.\ }\ignorespaces} + +\def\infoot{\baselineskip9.4pt\eightrm} +\def\@{@} +%\def\.#1{{\def\\{\backslash}\tentex#1}} % commented out by rfw +\font\qq=cmssqi8 +\def\mottoline#1{{\rightline{\qq #1}}} +\def\htb{\hskip2pt\relax} +\def\frak{\fam\euffam} +%\def\cyr{\cyracc\tencyr} + +% *********************************************************************** + +\title * Typesetting Modern Greek with\\ 128 Character Codes \\ version 1.1* + +\author * Yannis Haralambous * +\address * U.F.R. de Math\'ematiques\\ + Universit\'e de Lille--Flandres--Artois\\ + 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France * +\netaddress[\network{Bitnet}] * yannis@frcitl81 * + +\author * Klaus Thull * +\address * Freie Universit\"at Berlin * +\netaddress[\network{Usenet}] * thull@fubinf.uucp * +\TBremark{Check Thull's network address; gateway didn't like "unido".} +\TBremark{this one generally works--kt} + +\article + +{\baselineskip11.3pt +\mottoline{``Ved dette v\ae ret,} +\mottoline{n\aa r det regner} +\mottoline{s\aa\ sn\o r det''} +\smallskip +\mottoline{--- Fr\o ydis Frosk} +} + +\vskip8pt\noindent +In european scripts where diacritical marks are common, +there are (at least) two reasons to avoid \TeX's accent mechanism +in favor of many accented characters. + +One is the possible misplacement of accents by |dvitype|'s rounding +algorithm;\TBremark{dvitype or a driver?} +\TBremark{really dvitype--kt} +the second is lack or invalidity of hyphenation. For +example, large portions of german text may be unhyphenatable, and, +given the german inclination to long words, may not be in shape to be +typeset at all. Thus, in Europe, the obvious thing to do is: let +$\MF$\ put the accents onto the letters, then access these characters +via \TeX's ligature mechanism. + +Accordingly, the greek fonts created by Silvio Levy\refersto1 have +256 characters each, and are a fine tool to typeset greek texts, +ancient as well as modern, except those containing the most recent +unique accent ``$\monotoniko '{}$'' (see below). But alas, there is +the commercial world, whose device drivers just cannot do 256-code +fonts (even |.pxl|-fonts were seen on the ``Big-Tech'' sales +exhibition in West Berlin last winter). The free drivers are in +better shape generally, but often the commercial ones cannot be +disposed of in a hurry. So we decided to reduce these fonts to 128 +characters. We kept only the ones strictly necessary for writing +modern greek without misusing the |\accent| primitive. At the same +time, we constructed some new fonts, which we describe below. + +\head * The Reduced Greek Fonts * + +In modern post-war greek, the use of the grave accent ``$\grave{}$'' +($bare'ia$) progressively faded, so that only two accents and the +breathings were left (this was the kind of greek the first author +learned at school). So the first reduction we did on Levy's fonts was +to omit all grave accents. Secondly, we made $s$ a free character +again, so that in the transliteration one has to type |s| for $s$, +and |c| for $c$. Thirdly, we omitted the iota subscribed letters. +All these, however, can still be accessed by macros if so wished. + +Let's recall now the procedure, most of which is due to Levy: to +typeset greek, you get into ``Greek mode'' by typing |\begingreek|. +Similarly, you get out by typing |\endgreek|, but if you have to do +this often, it is better to type |\greekdelims| at the beginning of +your file. In that case |$| is used to enter and leave greekmode, and +|\math| takes the former meaning of |$| (do not forget to type +``{\tt\bs\SP}''). The transliteration code is the following: +\display +\tabskip1.1pt +\hbox{\valign +{\hbox to +8pt{\null\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 8pt{\null\hfil\strut\tt#\hfil}\cr +a&a\cr b&b\cr g&g\cr d&d\cr e&e\cr z&z\cr h&h\cr j&j\cr +i&i\cr k&k\cr l&l\cr m&m\cr n&n\cr x&x\cr o&o\cr p&p\cr +r&r\cr s&s\cr c&c\cr t&t\cr u&u\cr f&f\cr q&q\cr y&y\cr w&w\cr}} +\enddisplay +To get an acute ($>oxe'ia$), or circumflex ($perispwm'enh$) accent you +type |'|~(single quote), or |~|~(tilde) resp.\ in front of the vowel. +To get a rough ($dase'ia$) or smooth ($yil'h$) breathing you type |<| +or |>|, resp., in front of the vowel or the accent, if there is one. +A diaeresis ($dialutik'a$) is represented by |"|~(double quote), and +for a diaeresis with acute accent, just type |"'|~(double quote, +single quote). To get a vowel with a iota subscript +($ak'eraio +\math n\math, +akera'iwn \math(x,y,z)\math, t'etoia +<~wste\math\math x^n+y^n=z^n.\math\math + +\noindent{\smc Apodeixh tou 1.1.4.} Gi'a \math n=2\math, ft'anei n'a p'aroume +\math x=3,y=4,z=5\math. Gi'a \math n\gt 2\math, +>af'hnoume t'hn >ap'odeixh st'on >anagn'wsth s'an >'askhsh. +{\bf <'o.>'e.d.} +$ + +\proclaim \smc {1.1.4.} Theorem. +For each positive integer \math n\math, +there exists a triple of non-zero integers \math (x,y,z)\math\ such that +\math\math x^n+y^n=z^n.\math\math + +\noindent{\smc Proof of 1.1.4.} For \math n=2\math, we find +\math x=3,y=4,z=5\math. For \math n\gt 2\math, the proof +left to the reader as an exercise. {\bf q.e.d.} + +\head * Fonts for one-accent greek * + +Some years after the re-establishment of democracy in Greece in 1974, +a new system of accentuation has been introduced, omitting completely +breathings and subscript iota, and simplifying the two remaining +accents into one ``universal accent,'' $\monotoniko ' \polutoniko +(tonik'o shme~io).$ This system is currently taught at school and it +seems that any official document (including written examinations in +some high schools) written in the old fashion multi-accent system is +considered invalid (!). + +So we thought that perhaps people would like to write in the old +system and have a font to print the same text in fully official +one-accent greek. We created fonts analogous to the reduced regular, +boldface, and slanted which we have denoted by the prefix ``|m|'' +(for $monotonik'o$): |mrgrrg|, |mrgrbf|, |mrgrsl|. Note that the +small capitals font |rgrsc| doesn't have any accents at all, and so +may be used in any accent system. + +These new fonts are designed to work with the same input as the old +accent system. The printed text will follow the current +grammar\refersto2 (at least concerning the accent), with one +exception: monosyllables (like articles, prepositions and other +auxiliary words) don't take any accent at all. To solve this problem +we are working at a Pascal word processor program, based on Fred +M.~Liang's packed trie device, which will, once given the list of the +accented monosyllables, recognize them, and replace them by +non-accented words. According to the dictionary of +H.~Mihiotis\refersto3, there are 284 such words, to which we ust +add many new and foreign words. + +Of course, you can write your text in one-accent greek right away +(unfortunately there is no ``magic'' macro to transform it back into +multi-accent greek~\dots). With these new fonts you will get a nice +symmetric ``universal'' accent instead of an acute or a circumflex. + +To write in one-accent greek you get into ``Greek one-accent mode'', +by typing |\beginmgreek|. If you are in greek multi-accent mode +already, you must use the macro |\monotoniko|. There is also the +converse macro |\polutoniko|. So if you want to obtain +\display\vbox{$ +\centerline{\monotoniko O Hr'akleitoc 'elege \polutoniko +((t\grave{a} p'anta \rhorough e~i))} +\centerline{\monotoniko kai e'iqe d'ikio! \dots} +$}\enddisplay +you type +\verbatim +\beginmgreek O Hr'akleitoc 'elege +\polutoniko + ((t\grave{a} p'anta \rhorough e~i)) +\monotoniko + kai e'iqe d'ikio!...\endgreek +\endverbatim + +\head * The Greek Numeral Symbols * + +The so-called Ionian\refersto4 system of numeration (\math{\sim}\math +fifth century {\smc bc}) consisted of the following numerals: +\display +\hbox{\valign +{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr +A&1\cr B&2\cr G&3\cr D&4\cr E&5\cr {\Digamma}&6\cr Z&7\cr H&8\cr J&9\cr}} +\enddisplay +\display +\hbox{\valign +{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr +I&{10}\cr K&{20}\cr L&{30}\cr M&{40}\cr N&{50}\cr X&{60}\cr +O&{70}\cr P&{80}\cr {\Qoppa}&{90}\cr}} +\enddisplay +\display +\hbox{\valign +{\hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr +R&{100}\cr S&{200}\cr T&{300}\cr U&{400}\cr F&{500}\cr Q&{600}\cr Y&{700}\cr +W&{800}\cr {\Sanpi}&{900}\cr}} +\enddisplay + +The letters $\Digamma, \Qoppa, \Sanpi$ are called digamma, qoppa, +sanpi. They belong to an older alphabet. Later on, as lowercase +letters were introduced and as the need for higher numbers grew, the +numerals became: +\display +\hbox{\tabskip1pt +\valign +{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#\overstroke$\hfil}& + \hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr +a&1\cr b&2\cr g&3\cr d&4\cr e&5\cr {\digamma}&6\cr z&7\cr h&8\cr +j&9\cr}} +\enddisplay +\display +\hbox{\tabskip1pt +\valign +{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#\overstroke$\hfil}& + \hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr +i&{10}\cr k&{20}\cr l&{30}\cr m&{40}\cr n&{50}\cr x&{60}\cr +o&{70}\cr p&{80}\cr {\qoppa}&{90}\cr}} +\enddisplay +\display +\hbox{\tabskip1pt +\valign +{\hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut$#\overstroke$\hfil}& + \hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr +r&{100}\cr s&{200}\cr t&{300}\cr u&{400}\cr f&{500}\cr q&{600}\cr y&{700}\cr +w&{800}\cr {\sanpi}&{900}\cr}} +\enddisplay +\display +\hbox{\tabskip2.5pt\valign +{\hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut$\understroke#$\hfil}& + \hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut\rm#000\hfil}\cr +a&1\cr b&2\cr g&3\cr d&4\cr e&5\cr {\digamma}&6\cr z&7\cr}} +\enddisplay +\display +\hbox{\valign +{\hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}& + \hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut\rm#000\hfil}\cr +h&8\cr j&9\cr M&{10}\cr}} +\enddisplay +So, for example, the date {\sl February 16th, 1989} would be written +$i\digamma\overstroke\ Febrouar'iou \understroke a\sanpi pj$ and the +following equality holds: +$ +\display\vbox{ +\centerline{sz\overstroke\math{} + {}\math ypj\overstroke\ = + \sanpi\qoppa\digamma\hskip1pt\overstroke.} +} +\enddisplay +$ + +Notice that there is no zero. Zero is, and has always been, the +cardinal of the empty set which in Ancient Greece was not considered +an entity in its own right. + +To express numbers greater than 10,000 there were many ways. One of +them was to use 10,000 as a base: thus, for example, 67,536,753 +(\math {}= 6753 \mathbin\cdot 10,000 + 6753\math) was written +$M\understroke\digamma yng\math\cdot\math \understroke\digamma yng$. + +\medskip +\noindent{\smc Exercise}: + {\sl If $-gwno$ means ``-gon'', which of the following +polygons can by constructed by rule and compasses?}\par +\smallskip +$\centerline{iz\overstroke -gwno, l\digamma\overstroke -gwno, \understroke +dtxj-gwno,} +\centerline{\understroke akd-gwno, Me\overstroke\math\cdot\math\understroke +eflz-gwno, \sanpi\qoppa\digamma\overstroke-gwno.}$ +\medskip + +Let's return now to \TeX: you can obtain these symbols by the following +macros: +|\digamma| for +$\digamma$, +|\vardigamma| for +$\vardigamma$, +|\Digamma| for +$\Digamma$, +|\qoppa| for +$\qoppa$, +|\Qoppa| for +$\Qoppa$, +|\sanpi| for +$\sanpi$, and +|\Sanpi| for +$\Sanpi$. +To get the tick marks which distinguish units and thousands, you can +use |\overstroke| after the numeral, or |\understroke| in front of +the numeral. + +\head * Symbols for cypriotic greek * + +The official language of Cyprus is greek. It is also the language +used in the mass-media and at school. But the language actually +spoken is a dialect, derived from byzantine greek (and as it seems, +far more faithful to ancient greek than the one spoken +in Greece). Some literature has been written in the dialect, and +since there are phonemes not available in the greek alphabet, +cypriotic writers use several conventions of new symbols to express +them. + +In the convention we followed,\refersto5 the symbols $\ssh$, $\SSH$ +stand for the sound ``sh'' (like ``shower'' in english, or ``{\cyr +shashka}'' in russian), $\dz$, $\DZ$ stand for ``j'' (like ``jazz'' +in english or ``{\cyr dzhungli}'' in russian), $\psh$, $\PSH$ stand +for a $y$ followed by a $\ssh$ (like ``{\cyr pshenitza}'' in russian) +and $\ksh$, $\KSH$ stand for a $k$ followed by a $\ssh$ (like in +hindi ``k\d setriya''). + +You can get these symbols by the macros |\ssh|, |\SSH|, |\dz|, |\DZ|, +|\psh|, |\PSH|, |\ksh|, |\KSH|. Here is an example of a small text +using these symbols: +\smallskip +$ +\ninergr +\frenchspacing +\parindent0pt +\advance\baselineskip1.0pt +\tolerance=5000 +\obeylines +Dki'alexec to'uc xer'orotsouc, dentr'on mou, n'a riz'wseic, +n'a f'aeic t'hn zwo'ullan sou, pott'e s>'on j'a sterk'wseic. +T\dz i >'en kane~i p>'on''xerokagi'ac t\dz i >'en >'e\ssh ei st'axhn % +q~wma +n'a \ssh\ssh iepasto~un o'all''>a\-k'o\-ma. +Oepki'asan se po'u t'on laim'on, sf'iggoun se n'a s'e pn'i\-xoun. +T\dz i >'an pp'esei mi'a sta\ksh i'a ner'on, >enn'a t'hn p'innoun >'alloi +t\dz i >enn'a skent\dz 'ereic t\dz eiaqama'i, <'enan xerodroump'a\-lin. +>'Ejja xort'wseic n'a \ssh\ssh iaste~ic pott'e to~u <'hliou >amm'a\-ti, +giat''>enn'a s'e qaski'azousin oeso'unh, kakor'izikon, >enn'a doule'ukeic gr'onouc +t\dz a'i n'a gure'ukeic ''pospa\ssh i'an po'u to'uc kako'uc geit'o\-nouc. +T\dz i oic t''>an'ajjeman. M'agkoumou m'en prok'a\-meic\dots +t\dz i >eso'unh t'o qa"'irin mou, ftwq'on mou, >'enna k'ameic. +$ +\rightline{\sevenrm From Ilias Georgiou's ``Geloklaman"} + +\smallskip + +\head * On hyphenation * + +There is still no greek hyphenation list, so one has to use +hyphenation from other languages. We have compared on an ordinary +text, the standard english (Liang), the german (Schwarz) and +portuguese (Rezende)\refersto6 hyphenation patterns. The results +were surprising: on 267 possible hyphens, these three patterns missed +199 (!!), 141 and 149 resp, found 46, 115, 111 correct ones and 22, +11, 7 bad ones (the portuguese mistakes were less embarrassing than +the german ones). So, for a temporary substitute, we would choose +either the german or the portuguese patterns. + +And since you will be forced to make corrections by hand, here are the +complete actual rules of greek hyphenation: + +{\sl Let \math c_1,c_2,\dots,c_n\math\ be consonants \math (n\geq2)\math\ +and \math v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4\math\ vowels. Then we have} +\list[\parindent0pt\leftskip0pt\sl][\def\tagform#1{{\smc #1\enspace}}] + +\item[\tag{Rule 1.}] The combination \math v_1c_1v_2\math\ is +separated as \math v_1-c_1v_2\math\ {\rm(ex. $pa-ra-ka-l~w$)} + +\item[\tag{Rule 2.}] The combination \math v_1c_1\dots c_nv_2\math\ +is separated as \math v_1-c_1\dots c_nv_2\math\ {\bf if }there +is a greek word starting with \math c_1c_2\math\ $(l'a-sph, +ko-fte-r'oc),$ {\bf else }\math v_1c_1-c_2\dots c_nv_2\math\ +$(j'ar-roc, >eq-jr'oc)$ + +\item[\tag{Rule 3.}] The combinations of vowels \math v_1v_2, +v_1v_2v_3\math\ or \math v_1v_2v_3v_4\math\ are not to be separated +if they are pronounced as one phoneme $(>ah-d'o-ni$ but +$>a-'ht-th-toc$, $pi'o$ but $p'u-o).$ +\endlist + +S.~Levy made in his fonts separate characters of all possible accented +letters, to prevent problems of hyphenation (\TeX\ doesn't yet +hyphenate words with accents). The only exceptions he made, were the +two combinations $ \roughgrave{}, \smoothgrave{}$ which occur only on +monosyllables. + +In our case, to be able to reduce the fonts, we were forced to make +accents also of $\char\rq134$, $\char\rq100$, $"{}$, $"'{}$, $\I{}$ +(and macros of $\grave{}$, $\smoothgrave{}$, $\roughgrave{}$, +$\breve{}$, $\macron{}$, $\diaeresisgrave{}$, +$\diaeresiscircumflex{}$, $\rhorough$, $\rhosmooth$ as already +mentioned). This of course adds problems to hyphenation. +Nevertheless, $\char\rq134$, $\char\rq100$ occur on one- and +2-syllable words only, $"{}$, $"'{}$ occur rarely and $\I{}$ depends +on the kind of language one is writing (to find it, you have to go +back to older versions of $kajare'uousa$ as for example in the +following lovely text: + +\medskip + +{\tolerance=5000 +$ \advance\baselineskip1pt >En\I{~w} exantl'hsac t\grave{a} murol'ogi'a tou >ekoim~ato ep\grave{i} t~hc >'ammou t~hc paral'iac, katab\grave{a}c >ex +o>uran~wn ap'ostoloc >eke~inoc t~wn Sa\-x'o\-nwn >'hnoixe +di\grave{a} maqa'irac t\grave{a} st'hjh to~u koimwm'enou, e>is'hgage +to\grave{u}c ic \def\hhh{\grave{h}} +t\hhh n >op\hhh n ka\grave{i} >exag\grave{w}n t\hhh n kard'ian +>eb'ujisen a>ut'hn e>ic l'akkon pl'hrh <'udatoc, <'oper eke'inh kard'ia >'efrixen e>ic +t\grave{o} <'udwr ent\ooo c to~u thgan'iou, >afo~u d\grave{e} >ekr'uwsen, +>'ejese p'alin a>ut\hhh n ic t\ooo n t'opon thc ka\iii\ +kle'isac t\hhh n plhg\hhh n >ep'estreyen e>ic t\ooo n >idik'on tou. + +>'Etuq'e pote, >anagn~wst'a mou, n\aaa\ >apokoimhj\I{~h}c m\grave{e} +>anup'oforon b~hqa, koim'wmenoc n\aaa\ exu\-pn'h\-sac +n\aaa\ eiatreum'enoc? >Agno~wn <'oti e>~isai kal\aaa\ +>ano'igeic mhqanik~wc t\ooo\ st'oma, <'ina plh\-r'w\-s\I{h}c e>ic t\ooo n +>epikat'araton b~hqa t\ooo n sun'hjh f'oron. >All\aaa\ p'oshn a>isj'anesai +qar'an, m\hhh\ eic t\ooo n l'a\-rugga t\ooo\ >oqlhr\ooo n +jhr'ion! O<'utw <'ama >'hnoixe ka\iii\ ofjalmo'uc, ic t\hhh n >aq'a\-riston +>Iw'annan t\hhh n sun'hjh dakr'uwn spo\-nd'hn, >all\aaa\ par\aaa\ p~asan +prosdok'ian oofjalmo'i tou eh}sj'a\-ne\-to >'orexin met\aaa\ polu'hmeron nhste'i\-an ap'eranth + e>uqar'isthsh n'a t'hn bl'epei >'etsi mprost'a tou ka'i <'ena >ap'eranto + >ani\-ka\-no\-po'i\-h\-to po'u d'en mpo\-ro~u\-se n'a t'hn + tra\-b'h\-xei st'hn >agka\-li'a tou ka'i n'a t'hn fi\-l'h\-sei + >eke~i st'on laim'o + po'u t'hn e>~iqe fi\-l'h\-sei t'hn m'ia ka'i mo\-na\-di\-k'h + for'a ka'i e>~iqe + noi'w\-sei m'esa tou t'hn pi'o >'omor\-fh stig\-m'h to~u ka\-lo\-kai\-rio~u + ki <'oti + t'o ka\-lo\-ka'i\-ri a>u\-t'o, ft'a\-no\-ntac st'o >apo\-ko\-r'u\-fw\-m'a + tou, e>~iqe ki'o\-lac pe\-r'a\-sei. >All'a d'en e>~iqe >ak'oma + pe\-r'a\-sei tele'iwc, giat'i >eke'inh bris\-k'o\-tan t'wra mpro\-st'a + tou. Ka'i d'en mpo\-ro~u\-se n'a k'anei t'i\-po\-ta. +} +$ + + +\head * Samples, Tables, and Remarks * + +\head * The font {\tt rgrrg10} * +$\tttt$ + +\head * The font {\tt rgrbf10} * +$\bf\tttt$ + +\head * The font {\tt rgrsl10} * +$\sl\tttt$ + +\figure[\top] +\raggedcenter +Layout for fonts |rgrrg|, |rgrbf|, |rgrsl| +$\table$ +\endfigure + +$\monotoniko +\gdef\ttttt +{ +Kaj'otan mprost'a thc kai thn k'uttaze. Noi'w\-jo\-ntac mia >ap'eranth + e>uqar'isthsh na thn bl'epei >'etsi mprost'a tou kai <'ena >ap'eranto + >ani\-ka\-no\-po'i\-h\-to pou den mpo\-ro~u\-se na thn + tra\-b'h\-xei sthn >agka\-li'a tou kai na thn fi\-l'h\-sei + >eke~i ston laim'o + pou thn e>~iqe fi\-l'h\-sei thn m'ia kai mo\-na\-di\-k'h + for'a kai e>~iqe + noi'w\-sei m'esa tou thn pio >'omor\-fh stig\-m'h tou ka\-lo\-kai\-rio~u + ki <'oti + to ka\-lo\-ka'i\-ri a>u\-t'o, ft'a\-no\-ntac sto >apo\-ko\-r'u\-fw\-m'a + tou, e>~iqe ki'o\-lac pe\-r'a\-sei. >All'a den e>~iqe >ak'oma + pe\-r'a\-sei tele'iwc, giat'i >eke'inh bris\-k'o\-tan t'wra mpro\-st'a + tou. Kai den mpo\-ro~u\-se na k'anei t'i\-po\-ta. +} +$ + + +\figure[\bot] +\raggedcenter +Layout for fonts |mrgrrg|, |mrgrbf|, |mrgrsl| +$\monotoniko\table$ +\endfigure + +\head * The font {\tt mrgrrg10} * +$\monotoniko\ttttt$ + +\head * The font {\tt mrgrbf10} * +$\monotoniko\bf\ttttt$ + +\head * The font {\tt mrgrsl10} * +$\monotoniko\sl\ttttt$ + + +\figure[\top] +\raggedcenter +Layout for font |rgrsc| +$\smc\table$ +\endfigure + + +We conclude with the following remark: people writing french, czech, +turkish or other languages with many diacritical marks complain that +there is no space left in Computer Modern to incorporate +already-accented letters. The solution (in the case of French) that +D\'esarm\'enien\refersto7 proposed, was to replace greek uppercase +letters by the french \'e, \`e, \^ e, \^ o, \^\i, \^ a, \^ u, \`a, +\`u. But then the question is: where to put the greek uppercase +letters, which are necessary for mathematical formulas. We answer: if +you have the greek |rgr| family of fonts, you already have all kinds +of greek uppercase letters. Just take them from there! Of course, +math families must be restructured in that case since math family~7 +cannot be used for those letters anymore. As Gariepy\refersto8 +pointed out already, the inconvenience with this solution is that for +every language with accents you will need another |cm| family of +fonts. That's why we still believe that the best once and for all +solution would be to be able to work with fonts of 256 characters. + + +\head * Improvements and changes -- version 1.1 (as of March 4, 1990) * + +(by the first author)\medskip + +\noindent An hyphenation list has been added. +Greek grammar has changed very often in +the last 20 years, mainly because greek is a very manifold language (some +people find it {\it chaotic}, I find it {\it beautiful\/}). I followed the +hyphenation rules of \refersto2\ as presented in section ``On hyphenation'' +of this paper. These rules +are very simple and hold as well for the multi-accent as for the one-accent +system. I found exactly 1168 patterns; many of them came simply from the +following fact: since |'|,|~|,|>|,|<| are of category 11 during hyphenation, +|<'o-so| could occur. This leaves $<'o$ alone, which is rather ugly. + +Italics fonts (|rgrti| and |mrgrti|) have been added. +Since in the |cm| family, +|cmti| has almost the same lowercase letters as |cmmi| and the same uppercase +ones as |cmsl|, I tried to do the same. Some changes were necessary: 1) the +handwritten modern greek alpha looks more like {\it a} and 2) tau's stem has a +hook. There is still some kerning to do. I call this version {\it +``experimental''}. Maybe in some later (1.2?) version there will be an entirely +new italics font. + +In the |rgrsc| font (as you can see in the table) the symbols $\rhorough, +\rhosmooth, \Digamma$ and $\vardigamma$ exist now in all styles: regular, +slanted, italic and boldface. \TeX\ will know which one to choose, depending on +the font you are using (inside |greekmode|). If you add some new style (for +example typewriter or sans-serif) 1) please let me know, 2) add these four +letters in |rgrsc|, 3) add the information in |greekmacros.tex|. + +There is |\smallDigamma| for the small capital digamma $\smallDigamma$. Some +people still persist in calling it {\it ``ef''}. Also there are two new +symbols: + +1) following an advice of my father, I added a variation $\varqoppa$ +of lowercase qoppa. This symbol is used in our days for the numeral 90 (the +current year is $\understroke a\sanpi\varqoppa$). The macro for $\varqoppa$ is +|\varqoppa|. + +2) a funny ``upside-down'' iota with circumflex $\inviota$ (the macro is +|\inviota|). This symbol was used in the last century for the sound of $i$ in +$gi'a$ (cf. ``$pi'o$'' in hyphenation {\smc rule 3}). Here is an example +of such a text, taken from a 1907 edition\refersto9: + +\let\w=\grave +$ +{\ninergr +\frenchspacing +\parindent0pt +\advance\baselineskip1.0pt +\tolerance=5000 +\obeylines +Kair\w oc f'ernei t\w a l'aqana, kair\w oc t\w a parapo'ul\inviota a, +M\w e t\w on kair\w o ka\w i t\w o dendr\w i k'anei karp\w o ka\w i f'ulla. +>'A"inte, >or'e, m\inviota\w a kopan\inviota\w a s>'an n>~atan qulop'hta, +N\w a ''p\inviota\I{~h}c t\w hn Gk'olfw j'arreuec? +D\w en e>~in'' mall\inviota\w a t\w a g'ene\inviota a. +J'el''ag'ap'' >apomon\w h ki''>ahto~u grhgorws'unh. +J'elei lago~u pat'hmata, >allo\inviota ~wc af'inei. +X'ereic t'i magar'oplash po~u e>~inai \I{Ek\-d'o\-seic Kastal'ia}, >Aj~hnai 1972$ +\referred4 {\smc C.B.Boyer}: A History of Mathematics, {J.\ Wiley \& +Sons,} New~York 1968 +\referred5 ${\smc H.Gewrgiou:} Gel'oklam'an, {\sl Seir'a Kupriak~hc +La"ik~hc Po'ihshc idulliak\w on e>ic +pr'axeic p'ente, {\sl >Ekdotik\w oc O>~ikoc Gewrg'iou F'exh,} >Aj~hnai 1907$ + + +\makesignature +\endarticle + +% version 19.6.1989 + +\hbox{Yannis Haralambous} +\hbox{Universit\'e de Lille--Flandres--Artois} +\smallskip +\hbox{Klaus Thull} +\hbox{Freie Universit\"at Berlin} +------- + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrtestfont.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrtestfont.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4b4b770f71b --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/rgrtestfont.tex @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +% This file is based on Knuth's and Levy's "testfont"files +% +% The text is taken from the book of Kwsto'ula Mhtropo'ulou, Za'ar 19. +% +\tracinglostchars=0 +\tolerance=1000 +\raggedbottom +\nopagenumbers +\parindent=0pt +\newlinechar=`@ +\input rgreekmacros %not necessary if you have a greek format + +\newcount\m \newcount\n \newcount\p \newdimen\dim +\chardef\other=12 + +\def\today{\ifcase\month\or + January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or + July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi + \space\number\day, \number\year} +\def\hours{\n=\time \divide\n 60 + \m=-\n \multiply\m 60 \advance\m \time + \twodigits\n\twodigits\m} +\def\twodigits#1{\ifnum #1\lt10 0\fi \number#1} + +{\catcode`\|=0 \catcode`\\=\other +|gdef|help{|message{% +\init switches to another font;@% +\end or \bye finishes the run;@% +\table prints the font layout in tabular format;@% +\text prints a sample text, assuming TeX text font conventions;@% +\sample combines \table and \text;@% +\mixture mixes a background character with a series of others;@% +\alternation interleaves a background character with a series;@% +\alphabet prints all lowercase letters within a given background;@% +\alphabets does one \alphabet for each lowercase background letter;@% +\ALPHABET prints all uppercase letters within a given background;@% +\ALPHABETs does one \ALPHABET for each uppercase background letter;@% +\accents prints all lowercase vowels with accents and breathings;@% +\series prints a series of letters withing a given background;@% +\lowers prints a comprehensive test of lowercase;@% +\uppers prints a comprehensive test of uppercase;@% +\digits prints a comprehensive test of numerals;@% +\math prints a comprehensive test of TeX math italic;@% +\names prints a text that mixes upper and lower case;@% +\punct prints a punctuation test;@% +\bigtest combines many of the above routines;@% +\help repeats this message;@% +and you can use ordinary TeX commands (e.g., to \input a file).}}} + +\def\setbaselineskip{\setbox0=\hbox{\n=0 +\loop\char\n \ifnum \n\lt255 \advance\n 1 \repeat} +\baselineskip=6pt \advance\baselineskip\ht0 \advance\baselineskip\dp0 } + +\def\setchar#1{{\escapechar-1\message{\string#1 character = }% + \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials + \read-1 to\next + \expandafter\finsetchar\next\next#1}} +\def\finsetchar#1#2\next#3{\global\chardef#3=`#1 + \ifnum #3=`\# \global\chardef#3=#2 \fi} +\def\promptthree{\setchar\background + \setchar\starting \setchar\ending} + +\def\init{\message{@Name of the font to test = } + \read-1 to\fontname + \font\testfont=\fontname + \headline={\sevenrm Test of \fontname\unskip\ on \today\ at \hours\hfil + Page \folio} + \testfont \setbaselineskip + \ifdim\fontdimen6\testfont\lt10pt \rightskip=0pt plus 20pt + \else\rightskip=0pt plus 2em \fi + \spaceskip=\fontdimen2\testfont % space between words (\raggedright) + \xspaceskip=\fontdimen2\testfont \advance\xspaceskip by\fontdimen7\testfont + \message{Now type a test command (\string\help\space for help):}} + +\def\mixture{\promptthree \domix\mixpattern} +\def\alternation{\promptthree \domix\altpattern} +\def\mixpattern{\0\1\0\0\1\1\0\0\0\1\1\1\0\1} +\def\altpattern{\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0} +\def\domix#1{\par\chardef\0=\background \n=\starting + \until\ifnum\n=\ending\do\chardef\1=\n #1\par\n=\count\n \repeat} + +\count`w=`a\count`a=`b\count`b=`g\count`g=`d\count`d=`e\count`e=`z +\count`z=`h\count`h=`j\count`j=`i\count`i=`k\count`k=`l\count`l=`m +\count`m=`n\count`n=`x\count`x=`o\count`o=`p\count`p=`r\count`r=`c +\count`c=`t\count`t=`u\count`u=`f\count`f=`q\count`q=`y\count`y=`w +\count`W=`A\count`A=`B\count`B=`G\count`G=`D\count`D=`E\count`E=`Z +\count`Z=`H\count`H=`J\count`J=`I\count`I=`K\count`K=`L\count`L=`M +\count`M=`N\count`N=`X\count`X=`O\count`O=`P\count`P=`R\count`R=`S +\count`S=`T\count`T=`U\count`U=`F\count`F=`Q\count`Q=`Y\count`Y=`W +\count`0=`1\count`1=`2\count`2=`3\count`3=`4\count`4=`5 +\count`5=`6\count`6=`7\count`7=`8\count`8=`9\count`9=`0 + +\long\def\until#1\do#2\repeat{\def\body{#2}\def\cond{#1}\etareti} +\def\etareti{\cond\let\next=\relax\else\let\next=\etareti\fi\body\next} + +\def\alphabet{\setchar\background \dosseries{`a}{`w}} +\def\ALPHABET{\setchar\background \doseries{`A}{`W}} +\def\series{\promptthree \doseries\starting\ending} +\def\doseries#1#2{\def\!{\discretionary{\background}{\background}{\background}} + \!\n=#1\until\ifnum\n=#2\do\char\n\!\n=\count\n \repeat\par} +\def\dosseries#1#2{\def\!{\discretionary{\background}{\background}{\background}} + \!\n=#1\until\ifnum\n=#2\do\char\n\!\n=\count\n \repeat s\par} + +\def\lowers{\docomprehensive hs{`a}{`w}} +\def\uppers{\docomprehensive HO{`A}{`W}} +\def\digits{\docomprehensive H0{`0}{`9}} +\def\docomprehensive#1#2#3#4{\par\n=#3 + \until\ifnum\n=#4\do\line{\altr#1\hfil\altr#2}\n=\count\n\repeat} +\def\altr#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\setbox2=\hbox{#1\char\n}% + \dim=.5\hsize \advance\dim-\wd0 \divide\dim\wd2 \multiply\dim\wd2 + \xleaders\box2\hskip\dim\box0} +\def\alphabets{\m=`a\until\ifnum\m=`w + \do\chardef\background=\m{\dosseries{`a}{`w}}\m=\count\m \repeat} +\def\ALPHABETS{\m=`A\until\ifnum\m=`W + \do\chardef\background=\m{\doseries{`A}{`W}}\m=\count\m \repeat} + +\def\separator{\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg + \medskip\leaders\hrule height.4pt\vskip.4pt\medskip} + +\def\bigtest{% +\sample\vfil\break +\accents\separator +\names\separator +\punct\separator +\alphabets\separator +\lowers\separator +\uppers\separator +\digits} + +\def\math{\message{(Sorry, that's not here yet.)}} + +\def\oct#1{\hbox{\tenrm\'{}\kern-.2em\tenit#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant +\def\hex#1{\hbox{\tenrm\H{}\tentt#1}} % hexadecimal constant +\def\setdigs#1"#2{\gdef\h{#2}% \h=hex prefix; \0\1=corresponding octal + \m=\n \divide\m by 64 \xdef\0{\the\m}% + \multiply\m by-64 \advance\m by\n \divide\m by 8 \xdef\1{\the\m}} +\def\testrow{\setbox0=\hbox{\penalty 1\def\\{\char"\h}% + \\0\\1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\\8\\9\\A\\B\\C\\D\\E\\F% + \global\p=\lastpenalty}} % \p=1 if none of the characters exist +\def\oddline{\cr + \noalign{\nointerlineskip} + \multispan{19}\hrulefill& + \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{\h x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr + \noalign{\nointerlineskip}} +\newif\ifskipping +\def\evenline{\loop\skippingfalse + \ifnum\n\lt128 \m=\n \divide\m 16 \chardef\next=\m + \expandafter\setdigs\meaning\next \testrow + \ifnum\p=1 \skippingtrue \fi\fi + \ifskipping \global\advance\n 16 \repeat + \ifnum\n=128 \let\next=\endchart\else\let\next=\morechart\fi + \next} +\def\morechart{\cr\noalign{\hrule} + \chartline \oddline \m=\1 \advance\m 1 \xdef\1{\the\m} + \chartline \evenline} +\def\chartline{&\oct{\0\1x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&} +\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}} +\def\table{$$\global\n=0 + \halign to\hsize\bgroup + \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt& + &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr + \lower6.5pt\null + &&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline} +\def\endchart{\cr\noalign{\hrule} + \raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B& + &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$\par} +\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\char\n}% + \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition + \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi + \box0\global\advance\n 1 } +\def\reposition{\setbox0=\vbox{\kern2pt\box0}\dim=\dp0 + \advance\dim 2pt \dp0=\dim} +\def\centerlargechars{ + \def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}} + +\begingreek + +\def\accents{\longseries a\shortseries e\longseries h\mediumseries i +\shortseries o\mediumseries u\longseries w \rseries} +\def\longseries#1{#1 `#1 '#1 ~#1 #1| `#1| '#1| ~#1| <#1 <`#1 <'#1 <~#1 <#1| + <`#1| <'#1| <~#1| >#1 >`#1 >'#1 >~#1 >#1| >`#1| >'#1| >~#1| \par} +\def\shortseries#1{#1 `#1 '#1 <#1 <`#1 <'#1 >#1 >`#1 >'#1 \par} +\def\mediumseries#1{#1 `#1 '#1 ~#1 % + <#1 <`#1 <'#1 <~#1 >#1 >`#1 >'#1 >~#1 "#1 "`#1 "'#1 "~#1 \par} +\def\rseries{r r\par} +\def\names{ >Afrod'ith Beatr'ikh Gi'annhc Dhm'htrhc E>ugen'ia + Zw'h Iw'anna Kl'aouc Louk~ac + Mar'ia N'ikh Xanjo'ula O>id'ipouc Pl'atwn Rox'anh S'ilbio + Ter'eza Wrig'enhc \par} +\def\punct{{\hyphenpenalty=10000\par\dopunct{ka'i}\dopunct{t~hs}\dopunct{<'ena} + \dopunct{~isai <'ena pr'oswpo m'esa >ap'o +<'ena bibl'io po'u pot'e d'en gr'afthke, giat'i >eg'w prosp'ajhsa, >eg'w +m'ono, ka'i m''a>ut'h t'h nekr'h gl'wssa ka'i d'en mp'oresa n'a t'o p~w, n'a +t'o fti'axw, d'en mp'oresa pot'e, giat'i ~inai nekr'h, +>endi'amesh, mi'a gl'wssa gi'a poiht'ec, gi'a >anjr'wpouc po'u >oneire'uontai +s'an a>ut'o t'o paid'i, t'on >Ast'erh po'u to~u f'ortwsan >'adika du'o +jan'atouc ka'i d'en m'ilhse. D'en e>~inai mi'a gl'wssa gi'a >emp'orio to'uth +>ed~w ut'o d'en s'e >anagn'wrise kan'enac <'otan +milo~usa gi'a s'ena. D'en j'a mporo~use pot'e n'a e>~inai s'ugqronh 'idia ~inai >al'hjeia, all'a pot'e s'e sq'esh m'e t'hn pragmatik'othta po'u dihg'hjhka m'e t'h +nekr'h, >'aqrhsth gl'wssa t~wn qam'enwn >Etro'uskwn. 'asqeto, qr'ono mhd'en, pr'oswpa po'u ~iqe de~i >alli~wc. Ka'i m'ono >es'u, +m'ono >es'u e>~isai mis'oc, e>~isai KANENAS, giat'i >eg'w d'en pr'oftasa +n'a s'e k'anw >al'hjeia, >eg'w d'en mp'oresa n'a s'e k'anw pr'oswpo +ap'o t'h fjor'a. E>~isai <'ena pr'oswpo m'esa >ap'o <'ena +mujist'orhma po'u pot'e d'en gr'afthke giat'i ut'h e>~inai +m'ono gi'a t'oso, t'oso l'igo, <'oso >~htan o'etsi >~htan po'u s''>'afhsa mis'o, s''<'ena trago'udi +m'esa, s'e mi'a l'exh pali'a, s''<'ena >anastenagm'o, s'e mis'o >'oneiro +spasm'eno. S''>'afhsa >'etsi ka'i d'en >'eginec pot'e mi'a >al'hjeia gi'a +to'uc >'allouc, gi'a to'uc tr'itouc, gi'a to'uc logiko'uc, gi'a <'osouc +rwto~usan gi'a s'ena, gi'a t'h guna'ika sou >ak'oma po'u nom'izei p'wc s'e +x'erei ka'i d'en x'erei t'ipota >ap'o s'ena. >Eg'w fta'iw >ag'aph mou ka'i +p'ali >ag'aph j'a so~u''dina ka'i l'exeic nekr'ec, >'aqrhstec ka'i +m''a>ut'ec j'a prospajo~usa, j'a >'hjela n'a g'ineic <'ena >ast'eri ka'i mi'a +ter'astia fwtein'h gramm'h st'hn >'akrh to~u k'osmou, >en~w >es'u mo~u +mil~ac gi'a qrus'afi ka'i p'wc gi''a>ut'o t'o mis'o qrus'afi, mis'o ka'i +klemm'eno, sk'otwsec du'o >aj'wouc, du'o x'enouc, du'o zw'ec, >es'u, t'o +>'astro mou ka'i t'o f~wc mou. M'ilhs'e mou loip'on, p'ec mou p'wc >'eqw +>'adiko ka'i p'wc d'en e>~inai gi'a s'ena <'ola to~uta, p'ec mou t'hn +>al'hjeia >'h <'ena y'ema, p'ec mou, p'ec mou Za'ar >ag'aph mou...)) + +Logik'oc. M'e t'ic l'exeic metrhm'enec. Du'o, t'esseric, >oqt'w, d'wdeka. 'erwt'ac tou kr'athse <'oso krat~ane oepoq'ec. Mi'a >epoq'h. M'e broq'ec +ka'i ke~ino t'o jamp'o k'itrino <'hlio. Sept'embrhc. <'Enac. M'ono. Met'a +xanag'urise st'o sp'iti tou. X'enoc. Ka'i m'onoc. Ka'i >'emeine >eke~i. +X'eqase. >'H o>'ute ki a>ut'o. P'erase st'hn >'allh >'oqjh, st'o pot'ami, +p'anta t'o''lege p'wc 'allh >'oqjh e>~inai 'ukolh. >'Oqi a>ut'h +>ed~w po'u t'hn perpat~ame. 'allh. A>ut'h po'u d'en t'hn x'eroume >ak'oma. +Za'ar, t'o d'eqthke n'a t'on l'eei m'ono >eke'inh. Na'i e>~iqe skot'wsei. Du'o +>aj'wouc. >'Enoqouc. D'en e>~iqe shmas'ia. >'Afhse n'a Ast'erh. >Eke~inoc >'agnwstoc. Ka'i m'ono gi'a t'o qrus'afi milo~use. Ast'erhc j'a pono~use. <'Opwc p'onese >eke'inh. >'Oqi, d'en >'hjele n'a +pon~ane o'anjrwpoi. >'Oqi po'u noiaz'otan. >'Oqi po'u d'en t'o >'anteqe. +<'Omwc fob'otan. Fob'otan pol'u k'aje for'a po'u >'emene m'onoc m'e t'on +'eftane. T'ote, d'en >'eftane 'Htane gi'a to'uc pol'u >aj'wouc a>ut'h ut'oc tetrag'wnize to'uc +k'uklouc. T'esseric gwn'iec. M'ia, d'uo, tre~ic, t'esseric. Gwn'ies. <'Olec. +Ka'i 'erwt'ac tou m'ono mi'a >epoq'h. + +((>Eg'w d'en >erwte'uomai)) e>~iqe pe~i. D'en t'on e>~iqe pist'eyei. >~Htan 'erwta. D'en t'on e>~iqe pist'eyei. + +((T'i >'eqeic n'a mo~u pe~ic t'wra? S''t'o e>~iqa pe~i. epim'eneic n'a mil~ac, ~inai >'aqrhsth >entel~wc +ka'i d'en mpore~i kan'enac n'a t'hn zwntan'eyei. >Eg'w >'emeina p'anta ~idec, t'o x'ereic, t'o''majec pi'a. Giat'i >epim'eneic? T'i +zht~ac >ap'o m'ena? >Eg'w >'etsi <'opwc e>~imai ftiagm'enoc d'en qwr'aw s'e +kan'ena >'oneiro, d'en qwr'aw s'e kami'a nekr'h di'alekto. E>~imai anagnwr'izw s'e l'igo. D'en j'a x'erw giat'i ka'i p~wc ka'i +p'oso m''>ag'aphsec. Ka'i j'a''jela st''>al'hjeia n'a mo~u t'o pe~ic a>ut'o: +Nom'izeic <'oti m''>ag'amhsec? >Es'u, >em'ena!! M'a poi'a sq'esh j'a mporo~use +n'a an'ames'a mac? M'ila mou. S'>ako'uw. E>~imai 'Emeina +erhmi'a mou. Pot'e. M'onoc ka'i +x'enoc. Ka'i s'e koit'azw st'a m'atia. P~wc s'e l'ene? Poi'a e>~isai? Giat'i +s''>ar'esei n'a >epim'eneic <'oti m''>ag'aphsec? T'i x'ereic >es'u >ap'o +m'ena?))}} + +\def\sample{\names\table\text} + +\init + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/tomakeformat.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/tomakeformat.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b2f85c8fdcf --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/yannisgr/tomakeformat.txt @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +% Hyphenation, miscellaneous macros, and initial values for standard layout +\message{hyphenation} + +\def\lt{<}\def\gt{>} +\catcode`\<=11 +\catcode`\>=11 +\catcode`\'=11 +\catcode`\~=11 +\catcode`\"=11 +\lccode`\<=`\<% +\lccode`\>=`\>% +\lccode`\'=`\'% +\lccode`\~=`\~% +\lccode`\"=`\"% + +\input grhypha + +\catcode`\<=12 +\catcode`\>=12 +\catcode`\'=12 +\catcode`\~=13 +\catcode`\"=12 + +\message{greekmacros v1.1} +\input rgreekmacros + -- cgit v1.2.3