From b4635f74a70345918309efb6250a2a93bca166da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Mon, 21 Apr 2014 23:18:23 +0000 Subject: rename doc/gzip to doc/wintools (per package name), since it is only for windows and we will be adding more git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@33609 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html | 802 ------------------------------ Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.pdf | Bin 119215 -> 0 bytes Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.html | 802 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.pdf | Bin 0 -> 119215 bytes Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/wintools.win32.tlpsrc | 2 - 5 files changed, 802 insertions(+), 804 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html delete mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.pdf create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.html create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1751211b85e..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,802 +0,0 @@ - - -Gzip User's Manual - - - - - - - - - -

Gzip User's Manual

-
-


-Up: (dir) -
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- - - -
-


-Next: , -Up: Top -
-
- -

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

- -
Version 2, June 1991
- -
     Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-     675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
-     
-     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
-     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-

Preamble

- -

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your -freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public -License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free -software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. This -General Public License applies to most of the Free Software -Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to -using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by -the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to -your programs, too. - -

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not -price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you -have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for -this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it -if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it -in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. - -

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid -anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. -These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you -distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. - -

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether -gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that -you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the -source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their -rights. - -

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and -(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, -distribute and/or modify the software. - -

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain -that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free -software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we -want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so -that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original -authors' reputations. - -

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software -patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free -program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the -program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any -patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. - -

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and -modification follow. - -

    -
  1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains -a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed -under the terms of this General Public License. The “Program”, below, -refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” -means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: -that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, -either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another -language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in -the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. - -

    Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not -covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of -running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program -is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the -Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). -Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. - -

  2. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's -source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you -conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate -copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the -notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; -and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License -along with the Program. - -

    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and -you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. - -

  3. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion -of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and -distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 -above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: - -
      -
    1. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices -stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. - -
    2. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in -whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any -part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third -parties under the terms of this License. - -
    3. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively -when run, you must cause it, when started running for such -interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an -announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a -notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide -a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under -these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this -License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but -does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on -the Program is not required to print an announcement.) -
    - -

    These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If -identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, -and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in -themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those -sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you -distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based -on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of -this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the -entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. - -

    Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest -your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to -exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or -collective works based on the Program. - -

    In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program -with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of -a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under -the scope of this License. - -

  4. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, -under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of -Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: - -
      -
    1. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable -source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections -1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, - -
    2. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three -years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your -cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete -machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be -distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium -customarily used for software interchange; or, - -
    3. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer -to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is -allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you -received the program in object code or executable form with such -an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) -
    - -

    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for -making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source -code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any -associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to -control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a -special exception, the source code distributed need not include -anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary -form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the -operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component -itself accompanies the executable. - -

    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering -access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent -access to copy the source code from the same place counts as -distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not -compelled to copy the source along with the object code. - -

  5. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program -except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt -otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is -void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. -However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under -this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such -parties remain in full compliance. - -
  6. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not -signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or -distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are -prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by -modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the -Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and -all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying -the Program or works based on it. - -
  7. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the -Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the -original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to -these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further -restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. -You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to -this License. - -
  8. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent -infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), -conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or -otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not -excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot -distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this -License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you -may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent -license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by -all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then -the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to -refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. - -

    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under -any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to -apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other -circumstances. - -

    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any -patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any -such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the -integrity of the free software distribution system, which is -implemented by public license practices. Many people have made -generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed -through that system in reliance on consistent application of that -system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing -to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot -impose that choice. - -

    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to -be a consequence of the rest of this License. - -

  9. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in -certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the -original copyright holder who places the Program under this License -may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding -those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among -countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates -the limitation as if written in the body of this License. - -
  10. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions -of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will -be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to -address new problems or concerns. - -

    Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program -specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and “any -later version”, you have the option of following the terms and conditions -either of that version or of any later version published by the Free -Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of -this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software -Foundation. - -

  11. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free -programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author -to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free -Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes -make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals -of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and -of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. - -
  12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY -FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN -OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES -PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED -OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF -MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS -TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE -PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, -REPAIR OR CORRECTION. - -
  13. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING -WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR -REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, -INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING -OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED -TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY -YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER -PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE -POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. -
- -

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

- -

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest -possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it -free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. - -

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest -to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively -convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least -the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. - -

     one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.
-     Copyright (C) 19yy  name of author
-     
-     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-     modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-     as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
-     of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-     
-     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-     GNU General Public License for more details.
-     
-     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-     Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
-

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. - -

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this -when it starts in an interactive mode: - -

     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
-     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
-     type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
-     to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
-     for details.
-
-

The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show -the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the -commands you use may be called something other than show w and -show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—whatever -suits your program. - -

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your -school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if -necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: - -

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
-     interest in the program `Gnomovision'
-     (which makes passes at compilers) written
-     by James Hacker.
-     
-     signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
-     Ty Coon, President of Vice
-
-

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into -proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may -consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the -library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General -Public License instead of this License. - -

-


-Next: , -Previous: Copying, -Up: Top -
-
- -

1 Overview

- -

-gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding -(LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the -extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and -modification times. (The default extension is -gz for VMS, -z for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified or -if a file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard -output. gzip will only attempt to compress regular files. In -particular, it will ignore symbolic links. - -

If the new file name is too long for its file system, gzip -truncates it. gzip attempts to truncate only the parts of the -file name longer than 3 characters. (A part is delimited by dots.) If -the name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated. -For example, if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe -is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated on systems -which do not have a limit on file name length. - -

By default, gzip keeps the original file name and timestamp in -the compressed file. These are used when decompressing the file with the --N option. This is useful when the compressed file name was -truncated or when the time stamp was not preserved after a file -transfer. - -

Compressed files can be restored to their original form using gzip -d -or gunzip or zcat. If the original name saved in the -compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new name is -constructed from the original one to make it legal. - -

gunzip takes a list of files on its command line and replaces -each file whose name ends with .gz, .z, .Z, --gz, -z or _z and which begins with the correct -magic number with an uncompressed file without the original extension. -gunzip also recognizes the special extensions .tgz and -.taz as shorthands for .tar.gz and .tar.Z -respectively. When compressing, gzip uses the .tgz -extension if necessary instead of truncating a file with a .tar -extension. - -

gunzip can currently decompress files created by gzip, -zip, compress or pack. The detection of the input -format is automatic. When using the first two formats, gunzip -checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check). For pack, -gunzip checks the uncompressed length. The compress format -was not designed to allow consistency checks. However gunzip is -sometimes able to detect a bad .Z file. If you get an error when -uncompressing a .Z file, do not assume that the .Z file is -correct simply because the standard uncompress does not complain. -This generally means that the standard uncompress does not check -its input, and happily generates garbage output. The SCO compress --H format (lzh compression method) does not include a CRC but -also allows some consistency checks. - -

Files created by zip can be uncompressed by gzip only if -they have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This -feature is only intended to help conversion of tar.zip files to -the tar.gz format. To extract zip files with several -members, use unzip instead of gunzip. - -

zcat is identical to gunzip -c. zcat -uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its standard -input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output. zcat -will uncompress files that have the correct magic number whether they -have a .gz suffix or not. - -

gzip uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in zip and PKZIP. -The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input and -the distribution of common substrings. Typically, text such as source -code or English is reduced by 60-70%. Compression is generally much -better than that achieved by LZW (as used in compress), Huffman -coding (as used in pack), or adaptive Huffman coding -(compact). - -

Compression is always performed, even if the compressed file is slightly -larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few bytes for -the gzip file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K block, or an expansion -ratio of 0.015% for large files. Note that the actual number of used -disk blocks almost never increases. gzip preserves the mode, -ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing. - -

-


-Next: , -Previous: Overview, -Up: Top -
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- -

2 Sample Output

- -

-Here are some realistic examples of running gzip. - -

This is the output of the command gzip -h: - -

     gzip 1.2.4 (18 Aug 93)
-     usage: gzip [-cdfhlLnNrtvV19] [-S suffix] [file ...]
-      -c --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
-      -d --decompress  decompress
-      -f --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
-      -h --help        give this help
-      -l --list        list compressed file contents
-      -L --license     display software license
-      -n --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
-      -N --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
-      -q --quiet       suppress all warnings
-      -r --recursive   operate recursively on directories
-      -S .suf  --suffix .suf     use suffix .suf on compressed files
-      -t --test        test compressed file integrity
-      -v --verbose     verbose mode
-      -V --version     display version number
-      -1 --fast        compress faster
-      -9 --best        compress better
-      file...          files to (de)compress. If none given, use standard input.
-
-

This is the output of the command gzip -v texinfo.tex: - -

     texinfo.tex:             71.6% -- replaced with texinfo.tex.gz
-
-

The following command will find all gzip files in the current -directory and subdirectories, and extract them in place without -destroying the original: - -

     find . -name '*.gz' -print | sed 's/^\(.*\)[.]gz$/gunzip < "&" > "\1"/' | sh
-
-
-


-Next: , -Previous: Sample, -Up: Top -
-
- -

3 Invoking gzip

- -

-The format for running the gzip program is: - -

     gzip option ...
-
-

gzip supports the following options: - -

-
--stdout
--to-stdout
-c
Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. -If there are several input files, the output consists of a sequence of -independently compressed members. To obtain better compression, -concatenate all input files before compressing them. - -
--decompress
--uncompress
-d
Decompress. - -
--force
-f
Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple links -or the corresponding file already exists, or if the compressed data -is read from or written to a terminal. If the input data is not in -a format recognized by gzip, and if the option --stdout is also -given, copy the input data without change to the standard output: let -zcat behave as cat. If -f is not given, and -when not running in the background, gzip prompts to verify -whether an existing file should be overwritten. - -
--help
-h
Print an informative help message describing the options then quit. - -
--list
-l
For each compressed file, list the following fields: - -
          compressed size: size of the compressed file
-          uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file
-          ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown)
-          uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file
-     
-

The uncompressed size is given as -1 for files not in gzip -format, such as compressed .Z files. To get the uncompressed size for -such a file, you can use: - -

          zcat file.Z | wc -c
-     
-

In combination with the --verbose option, the following fields are also -displayed: - -

          method: compression method (deflate,compress,lzh,pack)
-          crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data
-          date & time: time stamp for the uncompressed file
-     
-

The crc is given as ffffffff for a file not in gzip format. - -

With --verbose, the size totals and compression ratio for all files -is also displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With --quiet, -the title and totals lines are not displayed. - -

--license
-L
Display the gzip license then quit. - -
--no-name
-n
When compressing, do not save the original file name and time stamp by -default. (The original name is always saved if the name had to be -truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the original file name -if present (remove only the gzip -suffix from the compressed file name) and do not restore the original -time stamp if present (copy it from the compressed file). This option -is the default when decompressing. - -
--name
-N
When compressing, always save the original file name and time stamp; this -is the default. When decompressing, restore the original file name and -time stamp if present. This option is useful on systems which have -a limit on file name length or when the time stamp has been lost after -a file transfer. - -
--quiet
-q
Suppress all warning messages. - -
--recursive
-r
Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file names -specified on the command line are directories, gzip will descend -into the directory and compress all the files it finds there (or -decompress them in the case of gunzip). - -
--suffix suf
-S suf
Use suffix suf instead of .gz. Any suffix can be -given, but suffixes other than .z and .gz should be -avoided to avoid confusion when files are transferred to other systems. -A null suffix forces gunzip to try decompression on all given files -regardless of suffix, as in: - -
          gunzip -S "" *        (*.* for MSDOS)
-     
-

Previous versions of gzip used the .z suffix. This was changed to -avoid a conflict with pack. - -

--test
-t
Test. Check the compressed file integrity. - -
--verbose
-v
Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file compressed. - -
--version
-V
Version. Display the version number and compilation options, then quit. - -
--fast
--best
-n
Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit n, -where -1 or --fast indicates the fastest compression -method (less compression) and --best or -9 indicates the -slowest compression method (optimal compression). The default -compression level is -6 (that is, biased towards high compression at -expense of speed). -
- -
-


-Next: , -Previous: Invoking gzip, -Up: Top -
-
- -

4 Advanced usage

- -

-Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case, -gunzip will extract all members at once. If one member is -damaged, other members might still be recovered after removal of the -damaged member. Better compression can be usually obtained if all -members are decompressed and then recompressed in a single step. - -

This is an example of concatenating gzip files: - -

     gzip -c file1  > foo.gz
-     gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz
-
-

Then - -

     gunzip -c foo
-
-

is equivalent to - -

     cat file1 file2
-
-

In case of damage to one member of a .gz file, other members can -still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However, -you can get better compression by compressing all members at once: - -

     cat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.gz
-
-

compresses better than - -

     gzip -c file1 file2 > foo.gz
-
-

If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better compression, do: - -

     zcat old.gz | gzip > new.gz
-
-

If a compressed file consists of several members, the uncompressed -size and CRC reported by the --list option applies to the last member -only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you can use: - -

     zcat file.gz | wc -c
-
-

If you wish to create a single archive file with multiple members so -that members can later be extracted independently, use an archiver such -as tar or zip. GNU tar supports the -z -option to invoke gzip transparently. gzip is designed as a -complement to tar, not as a replacement. - -

-


-Next: , -Previous: Advanced usage, -Up: Top -
-
- -

5 Environment

- -

-The environment variable GZIP can hold a set of default options for -gzip. These options are interpreted first and can be overwritten by -explicit command line parameters. For example: - -

     for sh:    GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP
-     for csh:   setenv GZIP "-8v --name"
-     for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name
-
-

On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is GZIP_OPT, to -avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program. - -

-


-Next: , -Previous: Environment, -Up: Top -
-
- -

6 Using gzip on tapes

- -

-When writing compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to pad -the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data is read and -the whole block is passed to gunzip for decompression, -gunzip detects that there is extra trailing garbage after the -compressed data and emits a warning by default. You have to use the ---quiet option to suppress the warning. This option can be set in the -GZIP environment variable, as in: - -

     for sh:    GZIP="-q"  tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0
-     for csh:   (setenv GZIP "-q"; tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0)
-
-

In the above example, gzip is invoked implicitly by the -z -option of GNU tar. Make sure that the same block size (-b -option of tar) is used for reading and writing compressed data on -tapes. (This example assumes you are using the GNU version of -tar.) - -

-


-Next: , -Previous: Tapes, -Up: Top -
-
- -

7 Reporting Bugs

- -

-If you find a bug in gzip, please send electronic mail to -bug-gzip@gnu.org. Include the version number, -which you can find by running gzip -V. Also include in your -message the hardware and operating system, the compiler used to compile -gzip, -a description of the bug behavior, and the input to gzip that triggered -the bug. - -

-


-Previous: Problems, -Up: Top -
-
- -

Concept Index

- - -
-

Table of Contents

- -
- - - diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.pdf deleted file mode 100644 index bf19bbd312f..00000000000 Binary files a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.pdf and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1751211b85e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.html @@ -0,0 +1,802 @@ + + +Gzip User's Manual + + + + + + + + + +

Gzip User's Manual

+
+


+Up: (dir) +
+
+ + + +
+


+Next: , +Up: Top +
+
+ +

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

+ +
Version 2, June 1991
+ +
     Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+     675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
+     
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+

Preamble

+ +

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public +License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free +software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. This +General Public License applies to most of the Free Software +Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to +using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by +the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to +your programs, too. + +

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not +price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you +have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for +this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it +if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it +in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. + +

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid +anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. +These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you +distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. + +

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether +gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that +you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the +source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their +rights. + +

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and +(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, +distribute and/or modify the software. + +

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain +that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free +software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we +want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so +that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original +authors' reputations. + +

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software +patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free +program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the +program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any +patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. + +

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and +modification follow. + +

    +
  1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains +a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed +under the terms of this General Public License. The “Program”, below, +refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” +means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: +that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, +either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another +language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in +the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. + +

    Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not +covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of +running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program +is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the +Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). +Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. + +

  2. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's +source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you +conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate +copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the +notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; +and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License +along with the Program. + +

    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and +you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. + +

  3. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion +of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and +distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 +above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: + +
      +
    1. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices +stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. + +
    2. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in +whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any +part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third +parties under the terms of this License. + +
    3. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively +when run, you must cause it, when started running for such +interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an +announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a +notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide +a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under +these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this +License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but +does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on +the Program is not required to print an announcement.) +
    + +

    These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If +identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, +and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in +themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those +sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you +distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based +on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of +this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the +entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. + +

    Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest +your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to +exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or +collective works based on the Program. + +

    In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program +with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of +a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under +the scope of this License. + +

  4. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, +under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of +Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: + +
      +
    1. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable +source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections +1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, + +
    2. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three +years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your +cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete +machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be +distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium +customarily used for software interchange; or, + +
    3. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer +to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is +allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you +received the program in object code or executable form with such +an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) +
    + +

    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for +making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source +code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any +associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to +control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a +special exception, the source code distributed need not include +anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary +form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the +operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component +itself accompanies the executable. + +

    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering +access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent +access to copy the source code from the same place counts as +distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not +compelled to copy the source along with the object code. + +

  5. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program +except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt +otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is +void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. +However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under +this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such +parties remain in full compliance. + +
  6. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not +signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or +distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are +prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by +modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the +Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and +all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying +the Program or works based on it. + +
  7. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the +Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the +original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to +these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further +restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. +You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to +this License. + +
  8. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent +infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), +conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or +otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not +excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot +distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this +License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you +may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent +license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by +all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then +the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to +refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. + +

    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under +any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to +apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other +circumstances. + +

    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any +patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any +such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the +integrity of the free software distribution system, which is +implemented by public license practices. Many people have made +generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed +through that system in reliance on consistent application of that +system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing +to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot +impose that choice. + +

    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to +be a consequence of the rest of this License. + +

  9. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in +certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the +original copyright holder who places the Program under this License +may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding +those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among +countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates +the limitation as if written in the body of this License. + +
  10. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions +of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will +be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to +address new problems or concerns. + +

    Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program +specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and “any +later version”, you have the option of following the terms and conditions +either of that version or of any later version published by the Free +Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of +this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software +Foundation. + +

  11. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free +programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author +to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free +Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes +make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals +of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and +of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. + +
  12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY +FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN +OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES +PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED +OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS +TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE +PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, +REPAIR OR CORRECTION. + +
  13. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING +WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR +REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, +INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING +OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED +TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY +YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER +PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. +
+ +

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

+ +

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it +free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. + +

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + +

     one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.
+     Copyright (C) 19yy  name of author
+     
+     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+     modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+     as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+     of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+     
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+     GNU General Public License for more details.
+     
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+     Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this +when it starts in an interactive mode: + +

     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
+     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
+     type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
+     to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
+     for details.
+
+

The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show +the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the +commands you use may be called something other than show w and +show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—whatever +suits your program. + +

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + +

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
+     interest in the program `Gnomovision'
+     (which makes passes at compilers) written
+     by James Hacker.
+     
+     signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
+     Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General +Public License instead of this License. + +

+


+Next: , +Previous: Copying, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

1 Overview

+ +

+gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding +(LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the +extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and +modification times. (The default extension is -gz for VMS, +z for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified or +if a file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard +output. gzip will only attempt to compress regular files. In +particular, it will ignore symbolic links. + +

If the new file name is too long for its file system, gzip +truncates it. gzip attempts to truncate only the parts of the +file name longer than 3 characters. (A part is delimited by dots.) If +the name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated. +For example, if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe +is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated on systems +which do not have a limit on file name length. + +

By default, gzip keeps the original file name and timestamp in +the compressed file. These are used when decompressing the file with the +-N option. This is useful when the compressed file name was +truncated or when the time stamp was not preserved after a file +transfer. + +

Compressed files can be restored to their original form using gzip -d +or gunzip or zcat. If the original name saved in the +compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new name is +constructed from the original one to make it legal. + +

gunzip takes a list of files on its command line and replaces +each file whose name ends with .gz, .z, .Z, +-gz, -z or _z and which begins with the correct +magic number with an uncompressed file without the original extension. +gunzip also recognizes the special extensions .tgz and +.taz as shorthands for .tar.gz and .tar.Z +respectively. When compressing, gzip uses the .tgz +extension if necessary instead of truncating a file with a .tar +extension. + +

gunzip can currently decompress files created by gzip, +zip, compress or pack. The detection of the input +format is automatic. When using the first two formats, gunzip +checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check). For pack, +gunzip checks the uncompressed length. The compress format +was not designed to allow consistency checks. However gunzip is +sometimes able to detect a bad .Z file. If you get an error when +uncompressing a .Z file, do not assume that the .Z file is +correct simply because the standard uncompress does not complain. +This generally means that the standard uncompress does not check +its input, and happily generates garbage output. The SCO compress +-H format (lzh compression method) does not include a CRC but +also allows some consistency checks. + +

Files created by zip can be uncompressed by gzip only if +they have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This +feature is only intended to help conversion of tar.zip files to +the tar.gz format. To extract zip files with several +members, use unzip instead of gunzip. + +

zcat is identical to gunzip -c. zcat +uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its standard +input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output. zcat +will uncompress files that have the correct magic number whether they +have a .gz suffix or not. + +

gzip uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in zip and PKZIP. +The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input and +the distribution of common substrings. Typically, text such as source +code or English is reduced by 60-70%. Compression is generally much +better than that achieved by LZW (as used in compress), Huffman +coding (as used in pack), or adaptive Huffman coding +(compact). + +

Compression is always performed, even if the compressed file is slightly +larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few bytes for +the gzip file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K block, or an expansion +ratio of 0.015% for large files. Note that the actual number of used +disk blocks almost never increases. gzip preserves the mode, +ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing. + +

+


+Next: , +Previous: Overview, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

2 Sample Output

+ +

+Here are some realistic examples of running gzip. + +

This is the output of the command gzip -h: + +

     gzip 1.2.4 (18 Aug 93)
+     usage: gzip [-cdfhlLnNrtvV19] [-S suffix] [file ...]
+      -c --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
+      -d --decompress  decompress
+      -f --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
+      -h --help        give this help
+      -l --list        list compressed file contents
+      -L --license     display software license
+      -n --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
+      -N --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
+      -q --quiet       suppress all warnings
+      -r --recursive   operate recursively on directories
+      -S .suf  --suffix .suf     use suffix .suf on compressed files
+      -t --test        test compressed file integrity
+      -v --verbose     verbose mode
+      -V --version     display version number
+      -1 --fast        compress faster
+      -9 --best        compress better
+      file...          files to (de)compress. If none given, use standard input.
+
+

This is the output of the command gzip -v texinfo.tex: + +

     texinfo.tex:             71.6% -- replaced with texinfo.tex.gz
+
+

The following command will find all gzip files in the current +directory and subdirectories, and extract them in place without +destroying the original: + +

     find . -name '*.gz' -print | sed 's/^\(.*\)[.]gz$/gunzip < "&" > "\1"/' | sh
+
+
+


+Next: , +Previous: Sample, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

3 Invoking gzip

+ +

+The format for running the gzip program is: + +

     gzip option ...
+
+

gzip supports the following options: + +

+
--stdout
--to-stdout
-c
Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. +If there are several input files, the output consists of a sequence of +independently compressed members. To obtain better compression, +concatenate all input files before compressing them. + +
--decompress
--uncompress
-d
Decompress. + +
--force
-f
Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple links +or the corresponding file already exists, or if the compressed data +is read from or written to a terminal. If the input data is not in +a format recognized by gzip, and if the option --stdout is also +given, copy the input data without change to the standard output: let +zcat behave as cat. If -f is not given, and +when not running in the background, gzip prompts to verify +whether an existing file should be overwritten. + +
--help
-h
Print an informative help message describing the options then quit. + +
--list
-l
For each compressed file, list the following fields: + +
          compressed size: size of the compressed file
+          uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file
+          ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown)
+          uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file
+     
+

The uncompressed size is given as -1 for files not in gzip +format, such as compressed .Z files. To get the uncompressed size for +such a file, you can use: + +

          zcat file.Z | wc -c
+     
+

In combination with the --verbose option, the following fields are also +displayed: + +

          method: compression method (deflate,compress,lzh,pack)
+          crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data
+          date & time: time stamp for the uncompressed file
+     
+

The crc is given as ffffffff for a file not in gzip format. + +

With --verbose, the size totals and compression ratio for all files +is also displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With --quiet, +the title and totals lines are not displayed. + +

--license
-L
Display the gzip license then quit. + +
--no-name
-n
When compressing, do not save the original file name and time stamp by +default. (The original name is always saved if the name had to be +truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the original file name +if present (remove only the gzip +suffix from the compressed file name) and do not restore the original +time stamp if present (copy it from the compressed file). This option +is the default when decompressing. + +
--name
-N
When compressing, always save the original file name and time stamp; this +is the default. When decompressing, restore the original file name and +time stamp if present. This option is useful on systems which have +a limit on file name length or when the time stamp has been lost after +a file transfer. + +
--quiet
-q
Suppress all warning messages. + +
--recursive
-r
Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file names +specified on the command line are directories, gzip will descend +into the directory and compress all the files it finds there (or +decompress them in the case of gunzip). + +
--suffix suf
-S suf
Use suffix suf instead of .gz. Any suffix can be +given, but suffixes other than .z and .gz should be +avoided to avoid confusion when files are transferred to other systems. +A null suffix forces gunzip to try decompression on all given files +regardless of suffix, as in: + +
          gunzip -S "" *        (*.* for MSDOS)
+     
+

Previous versions of gzip used the .z suffix. This was changed to +avoid a conflict with pack. + +

--test
-t
Test. Check the compressed file integrity. + +
--verbose
-v
Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file compressed. + +
--version
-V
Version. Display the version number and compilation options, then quit. + +
--fast
--best
-n
Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit n, +where -1 or --fast indicates the fastest compression +method (less compression) and --best or -9 indicates the +slowest compression method (optimal compression). The default +compression level is -6 (that is, biased towards high compression at +expense of speed). +
+ +
+


+Next: , +Previous: Invoking gzip, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

4 Advanced usage

+ +

+Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case, +gunzip will extract all members at once. If one member is +damaged, other members might still be recovered after removal of the +damaged member. Better compression can be usually obtained if all +members are decompressed and then recompressed in a single step. + +

This is an example of concatenating gzip files: + +

     gzip -c file1  > foo.gz
+     gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz
+
+

Then + +

     gunzip -c foo
+
+

is equivalent to + +

     cat file1 file2
+
+

In case of damage to one member of a .gz file, other members can +still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However, +you can get better compression by compressing all members at once: + +

     cat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.gz
+
+

compresses better than + +

     gzip -c file1 file2 > foo.gz
+
+

If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better compression, do: + +

     zcat old.gz | gzip > new.gz
+
+

If a compressed file consists of several members, the uncompressed +size and CRC reported by the --list option applies to the last member +only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you can use: + +

     zcat file.gz | wc -c
+
+

If you wish to create a single archive file with multiple members so +that members can later be extracted independently, use an archiver such +as tar or zip. GNU tar supports the -z +option to invoke gzip transparently. gzip is designed as a +complement to tar, not as a replacement. + +

+


+Next: , +Previous: Advanced usage, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

5 Environment

+ +

+The environment variable GZIP can hold a set of default options for +gzip. These options are interpreted first and can be overwritten by +explicit command line parameters. For example: + +

     for sh:    GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP
+     for csh:   setenv GZIP "-8v --name"
+     for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name
+
+

On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is GZIP_OPT, to +avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program. + +

+


+Next: , +Previous: Environment, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

6 Using gzip on tapes

+ +

+When writing compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to pad +the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data is read and +the whole block is passed to gunzip for decompression, +gunzip detects that there is extra trailing garbage after the +compressed data and emits a warning by default. You have to use the +--quiet option to suppress the warning. This option can be set in the +GZIP environment variable, as in: + +

     for sh:    GZIP="-q"  tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0
+     for csh:   (setenv GZIP "-q"; tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0)
+
+

In the above example, gzip is invoked implicitly by the -z +option of GNU tar. Make sure that the same block size (-b +option of tar) is used for reading and writing compressed data on +tapes. (This example assumes you are using the GNU version of +tar.) + +

+


+Next: , +Previous: Tapes, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

7 Reporting Bugs

+ +

+If you find a bug in gzip, please send electronic mail to +bug-gzip@gnu.org. Include the version number, +which you can find by running gzip -V. Also include in your +message the hardware and operating system, the compiler used to compile +gzip, +a description of the bug behavior, and the input to gzip that triggered +the bug. + +

+


+Previous: Problems, +Up: Top +
+
+ +

Concept Index

+ + +
+

Table of Contents

+ +
+ + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf19bbd312f Binary files /dev/null and b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/wintools/gzip.pdf differ diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/wintools.win32.tlpsrc b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/wintools.win32.tlpsrc index d708649e465..85b1116f957 100644 --- a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/wintools.win32.tlpsrc +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/wintools.win32.tlpsrc @@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ binpattern f/win32 tlpkg/sam2p/sam2p.exe # but since Akira makes the binary, we might as well distribute it. binpattern f/win32 bin/win32/luajitlatex.exe # -docpattern d texmf-dist/doc/gzip -# # bitmap2eps is from Siep. binpattern f/win32 bin/win32/bitmap2eps.exe runpattern f texmf-dist/scripts/bitmap2eps/bitmap2eps.vbs -- cgit v1.2.3