From af9df03e853a6f1bc4745504f3a7ac18c160c85a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Fri, 7 May 2021 17:03:40 +0000 Subject: new section on uninstallation; suggestion from Cyrus Yip, tldoc mail 29 Apr 2021 07:48:08 git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@59113 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css | 53 +- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html | 2030 ++++++++++---------- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf | Bin 1143162 -> 1145343 bytes .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex | 68 +- 4 files changed, 1120 insertions(+), 1031 deletions(-) diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css index 199046ecc22..b0044c5c8a4 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css @@ -173,12 +173,14 @@ p.indent{text-indent:0;} p + p{margin-top:1em;} p + div, p + pre {margin-top:1em;} div + p, pre + p {margin-top:1em;} +a { overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; hyphens: auto; } @media print {div.crosslinks {visibility:hidden;}} a img { border-top: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; } center { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; } td center { margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; } .Canvas { position:relative; } img.math{vertical-align:middle;} +div.par-math-display, div.math-display{text-align:center;} li p.indent { text-indent: 0em } li p:first-child{ margin-top:0em; } li p:last-child, li div:last-child { margin-bottom:0.5em; } @@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ div.obeylines-v p { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; } td.displaylines {text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;} .centerline {text-align:center;} .rightline {text-align:right;} -div.verbatim {font-family: monospace,monospace; white-space: nowrap; text-align:left; clear:both; } +pre.verbatim {font-family: monospace,monospace; text-align:left; clear:both; } .fbox {padding-left:3.0pt; padding-right:3.0pt; text-indent:0pt; border:solid black 0.4pt; } div.fbox {display:table} div.center div.fbox {text-align:center; clear:both; padding-left:3.0pt; padding-right:3.0pt; text-indent:0pt; border:solid black 0.4pt; } @@ -277,6 +279,7 @@ table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; } .hline hr, .cline hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid black;} div.array {text-align:center;} .partToc a, .partToc, .likepartToc a, .likepartToc {line-height: 200%; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;} +.chapterToc a, .chapterToc, .likechapterToc a, .likechapterToc, .appendixToc a, .appendixToc {line-height: 200%; font-weight:bold;} .index-item, .index-subitem, .index-subsubitem {display:block} div.caption {text-indent:-2em; margin-left:3em; margin-right:1em; text-align:left;} div.caption span.id{font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; } @@ -285,26 +288,24 @@ p.bibitem { text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em; margin-top:0.6em; margin-bottom p.bibitem-p { text-indent: 0em; margin-left: 2em; margin-top:0.6em; margin-bottom:0.6em; } .paragraphHead, .likeparagraphHead { margin-top:2em; font-weight: bold;} .subparagraphHead, .likesubparagraphHead { font-weight: bold;} -.quote {margin-bottom:0.25em; margin-top:0.25em; margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em; text-align:justify;} .verse{white-space:nowrap; margin-left:2em} div.maketitle {text-align:center;} h2.titleHead{text-align:center;} div.maketitle{ margin-bottom: 2em; } div.author, div.date {text-align:center;} div.thanks{text-align:left; margin-left:10%; font-size:85%; font-style:italic; } -.quotation {margin-bottom:0.25em; margin-top:0.25em; margin-left:1em; } -.abstract p {margin-left:5%; margin-right:5%;} +div.abstract p {margin-left:5%; margin-right:5%;} div.abstract {width:100%;} +.abstracttitle{text-align:center;margin-bottom:1em;} figure.float, div.figure {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} -figure.float img {text-align:center;} -figure.figure img {text-align:center;} -figure.figure > p {text-align:center;} +figure.float img, figure.figure img {display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} +figure.figure {text-align:center;} figcaption.caption {text-indent:-2em; margin-left:3em; margin-right:1em; text-align:center;} figcaption.caption span.id{font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; } +.abstract{margin:1em;} .alltt P { margin-bottom : 0em; margin-top : 0em; } -.alltt { margin-bottom : 1em; margin-top : 1em; } +.alltt { margin-bottom : 1em; margin-top : 1em; font-family:monospace,monospace; } .rotatebox{display: inline-block;} -.figure img.graphics {margin-left:10%;} table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; } div.longtable{text-align:center;} table.longtable{margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto;} @@ -313,22 +314,22 @@ table.longtable{margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto;} span.sout {text-decoration: line-through } span.xout {text-decoration: line-through } span.uwave {text-decoration:underline } -P.fancyvrb {white-space: nowrap; margin:0em;} -div#fancyvrb1{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb1{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb1{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb1{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb2{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb2{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb2{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb2{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb3{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb3{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb3{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb3{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb4{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb4{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb4{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } -div#fancyvrb4{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } +pre.fancyvrb {white-space: pre-wrap; margin:0em;font-family:monospace,monospace;} +pre#fancyvrb1{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb1{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb1{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb1{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb2{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb2{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb2{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb2{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb3{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb3{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb3{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb3{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb4{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb4{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb4{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; } +pre#fancyvrb4{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; } /* end css.sty */ diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html index 332e16b92fa..a50a237ba07 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The TeX Live Guide—2021 - + @@ -24,202 +24,108 @@ class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry, editor href="https://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" >https://tug.org/texlive/
March 2021
+class="ec-lmr-12">May 2021

Contents

- 1 1 Introduction -
 1.1   1.1 TeX Live and the TeX Collection -
 1.2   1.2 Operating system support -
 1.3   1.3 Basic installation of TeX Live -
 1.4   1.4 Security considerations -
 1.5   1.5 Getting help -
2  2 Overview of TeX Live -
 2.1   2.1 The TeX Collection: TeX Live, proTeXt, MacTeX -
 2.2   2.2 Top level TeX Live directories -
 2.3   2.3 Overview of the predefined texmf trees -
 2.4   2.4 Extensions to TeX -
 2.5   2.5 Other notable programs in TeX Live -
3  3 Installation -
 3.1   3.1 Starting the installer -
  3.1.1 Unix -
  3.1.2 Mac OS X -
  3.1.3 Windows -
  3.1.4 Cygwin -
  3.1.5 The text installer -
  3.1.6 The graphical installer -
 3.2   3.2 Running the installer -
  3.2.1 Binary systems menu (Unix only) -
  3.2.2 Selecting what is to be installed -
  3.2.3 Directories -
  3.2.4 Options -
 3.3   3.3 Command-line install-tl options -
  3.3.1 The -repository option -
 3.4   3.4 Post-install actions -
  3.4.1 Environment variables for Unix -
  3.4.2 Environment variables: Global configuration -
  3.4.3 Internet updates after DVD installation -
  3.4.4 System font configuration for XeTeX and LuaTeX -
  3.4.5 ConTeXt Mark IV -
  3.4.6 Integrating local and personal macros -
  3.4.7 Integrating third-party fonts -
 3.5   3.5 Testing the installation -
 3.6 Links for additional downloadable software -
4 Specialized installations -
 4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations - - -
 4.2 Portable (USB) installations -
5   3.6 Uninstalling TeX Live +
  3.7 Links for additional downloadable software +
 4 Specialized installations +
  4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations +
  4.2 Portable (USB) installations +
 5 tlmgr: Managing your installation -
 5.1 GUI interfaces for   5.1 GUI interfaces for tlmgr -
 5.2 Sample   5.2 Sample tlmgr command-line invocations -
6 Notes on Windows -
 6.1 Windows-specific features -
 6.2 Additional software included on Windows -
 6.3 User Profile is Home -
 6.4 The Windows registry -
 6.5 Windows permissions -
 6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin -
7 A user’s guide to Web2C -
 7.1 Kpathsea path searching -
  7.1.1 Path sources -
  7.1.2 Config files -
  7.1.3 Path expansion -
  7.1.4 Default expansion -
  7.1.5 Brace expansion -
  7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion -
  7.1.7 Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files -
 7.2 Filename databases -
  7.2.1 The filename database -
  7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching -
  7.2.3 Examples of use -
  7.2.4 Debugging actions -
 7.3 Runtime options -
 7.4  6 Notes on Windows +
  6.1 Windows-specific features +
  6.2 Additional software included on Windows +
  6.3 User Profile is Home +
  6.4 The Windows registry +
  6.5 Windows permissions +
  6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin +
 7 A user’s guide to Web2C +
  7.1 Kpathsea path searching +
  7.2 Filename databases +
  7.3 Runtime options +
  7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR -
8 Acknowledgements -
9 Release history -
 9.1 Past -
  9.1.1 2003 -
  9.1.2 2004 -
  9.1.3 2005 -
  9.1.4 2006–2007 -
  9.1.5 2008 -
  9.1.6 2009 -
  9.1.7 2010 -
  9.1.8 2011 -
  9.1.9 2012 -
  9.1.10 2013 -
  9.1.11 2014 -
  9.1.12 2015 -
  9.1.13 2016 -
  9.1.14 2017 -
  9.1.15 2018 -
  9.1.16 2019 -
  9.1.17 2020 -
 9.2 Present: 2021 -
 9.3 Future +
 8 Acknowledgements + + +
 9 Release history +
  9.1 Past +
  9.2 Present: 2021 +
  9.3 Future

1 Introduction

- -

1.1

For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of TeX Live, see the end of the document, section 9 (p. 77). +href="#x1-700009">9 (p. 76).

1.2 .iso image), but you can prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a USB stick (see section 4.2). Installation is described in later sections (p. 11), but here is a quick +href="#x1-420004.2">4.2). Installation is described in later sections (p. 10), but here is a quick start:

Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in TeX Live:

- -

bibtex, biber
https://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html for more information and other methods of getting the software.

+ +

Net installer, .zip or .tar.gz:
TeX Collection DVD:
go to the DVD’s texlive subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts automatically when you insert the DVD. You can get the DVD by becoming - - a member of a TeX user group (highly recommended, https://tug.org/usergroups.html), or @@ -920,7 +826,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/usergroups.html), or href="https://tug.org/store" class="url" >https://tug.org/store), or burning your own from the ISO image. You can also mount the ISO directly on most systems. After installing from DVD or ISO, if you - want to get continuing updates from the Internet, please see 3.4.3.
@@ -958,8 +864,8 @@ DVD or ISO image. id="x1-160003.1.1">Unix

Below, > denotes the shell prompt; user input is bold. The script install-tl is a Perl script. The simplest +class="ec-lmtk-10">bold. The install-tl program is a Perl script. The simplest way to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows:

@@ -1093,43 +999,48 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> -help id="x1-18061r2"> -
Installing TeX Live 2021 from: ...
 ... +Platform: x86_64-linux => ’GNU/Linux on x86_64’
 x86_64’ +Distribution: inst (compressed) -
 (compressed) +Directory for temporary files: /tmp
 /tmp +...
... + Detected platform: GNU/Linux on Intel x86_64
-
 x86_64 + + <B> binary platforms: 1 out of 16

 16 + + <S> set installation scheme: scheme-full

 scheme-full + + <C> customizing installation collections -
 collections +   disk space required: 7172 MB

 MB + + <D> directories:
 directories: +   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory): -
 directory): +     /usr/local/texlive/2021
 /usr/local/texlive/2021 +   ...

 ... + + <O> options:
 options: +   instead of A4 by default
 default +   ...

 ... + + <V> set up for portable installation
-
 installation + +Actions:
Actions: + <I> start installation to hard disk
 disk + <P> save profile to ’texlive.profile’ and exit
 exit + <H> help
 help + <Q> quit
+class="ec-lmtt-8"> quit
Figure 2:Main text installer screen (GNU/Linux)
@@ -1361,13 +1291,14 @@ and submenus. id="x1-23037r5"> -
Available platforms:
 platforms: +=============================================================================== -
=============================================================================== +   Cygwin on Intel x86 (i386-cygwin)
 (i386-cygwin) +   ] Cygwin on x86_64 (x86_64-cygwin) -
 (x86_64-cygwin) +   current (10.14-) on ARM/x86_64 (universal-darwin)
 (universal-darwin) +   legacy (10.6-) on x86_64 (x86_64-darwinlegacy) -
 (x86_64-darwinlegacy) +   ] FreeBSD on x86_64 (amd64-freebsd)
 (amd64-freebsd) +   FreeBSD on Intel x86 (i386-freebsd)
 (i386-freebsd) +   ] GNU/Linux on ARM64 (aarch64-linux) -
 (aarch64-linux) +   ] GNU/Linux on ARMv6/RPi (armhf-linux)
 (armhf-linux) +   GNU/Linux on Intel x86 (i386-linux)
 (i386-linux) +   [X] GNU/Linux on x86_64 (x86_64-linux) -
 (x86_64-linux) +   on x86_64 with musl (x86_64-linuxmusl)
 (x86_64-linuxmusl) +   ] NetBSD on x86_64 (amd64-netbsd)
 (amd64-netbsd) +   NetBSD on Intel x86 (i386-netbsd) -
 (i386-netbsd) +   Solaris on Intel x86 (i386-solaris)
 (i386-solaris) +   ] Solaris on x86_64 (x86_64-solaris)
 (x86_64-solaris) +   s [ ] Windows (win32)
+class="ec-lmtt-8"> (win32)
Figure 5:Binaries menu
@@ -1562,19 +1503,21 @@ system. id="x1-24025r6"> -
Select scheme:
 scheme: +===============================================================================
=============================================================================== + a [X] full scheme (everything) -
 (everything) + b [ + more packages and languages)
 languages) + c [ xetex, metapost, a few languages) -
 languages) + d [ basic scheme (plain and latex)
 latex) + e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
 only) + f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
 scheme + g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme -
 scheme + h [ scheme (no TeX at all)
 all) + i [ medium, but nowhere near full) -
 full) + j [ ] custom selection of collections
+class="ec-lmtt-8"> collections
Figure 6:Scheme menu
@@ -1710,14 +1658,14 @@ actual TeX macro files, font files, and so on.

If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the TeX Live Manager (tlmgr) program after installation (see section 5); using that, you can control the installation at the package +href="#x1-430005">5); using that, you can control the installation at the package level.

3.2.3 Directories

The default layout is described in section 2.3, p. 8. The default installation directory is 7. The default installation directory is /usr/local/texlive/2021 on Unix and %SystemDrive%\texlive\2021 on Windows. This arrangement enables having many parallel TeX @@ -1771,7 +1719,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR is the location for storing most cached runti class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE is the variable name used for that purpose by LuaLaTeX and ConTeXt MkIV (see section 3.4.5, p. 40); its default +href="#x1-340003.4.5">39); its default value is TEXMFSYSVAR, or (if that’s not writable), TEXMFVAR. @@ -1787,13 +1735,14 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR. id="x1-26025r8"> -

Options customization:
 customization: +=============================================================================== -
=============================================================================== + <P> use A4 by default: [ ]
 ] + <E> execution restricted list of programs: [X] -
 [X] + <F> create     [X]
 [X] + <D> install     [X] -
 [X] + <S> install     [X]
 [X] + <L> create standard directories:  [ ]
 ] +      binaries to: -
 to: +      manpages to:
 to: +      info to:
 to: + <Y> after source for package updates: [X]
+class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]
Figure 8:Options menu (Unix)
@@ -1966,16 +1921,13 @@ class="description">As of TeX Live 2010, execution of a few external programs is allowed by default. The (very short) list of allowed programs is given in the texmf.cnf. See the 2010 news (section 9.1.7) for more details. +href="#x1-780009.1.7">9.1.7) for more details.
create all format files:
Although unnecessary format files take time to generate and disk space to - store, it is still recommended to leave this option checked: if you don’t, then format files will be - generated in people’s private TEXMFVAR tree as they are needed. In that location, they will not be - updated automatically if (for example) core packages or hyphenation patterns are updated in the - installation, and thus you could end up with incompatible format files. +class="description">We recommend leaving this option checked, to avoid unnecessary problems + when creating formats dynamically. See the fmtutil documentation for more details.
install font/macro When installing from DVD, this option as needed; see section 3.3.1 and section 3.4.3.
-

Windows-specific options, as displayed in the advanced GUI interface: +

Windows-specific options, as displayed in the advanced GUI interface:

adjust searchpath
add menu shortcuts
If set, there will be a TeX Live submenu of the Start menu. There is a third option ‘Launcher entry’ besides ‘TeX Live menu’ and ‘No shortcuts’. This option is described in section 4.1. +href="#x1-410004.1">4.1.
File associations
The options are ‘Only new’ (create file associations, b install TeXworks front end
-

When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ in the text interface, or press the ‘Install’ button in the +

When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ in the text interface, or press the ‘Install’ button in the GUI, to start the installation process. When it is done, skip to section 3.4 to read what else needs to be done, if anything.

3.3 Command-line install-tl options

-

Type

+

Type

> install-tl -help - -
for a listing of command-line options. Either - or -- can be used to introduce option names. These are the most common ones: -

+

+ +

-gui
-

Use the GUI installer if possible. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This is the case on +

Use the GUI installer if possible. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This is the case on Mac OS X and is distributed with TeX Live on Windows. The legacy options -gui=perltk and -gui=wizard are still available but invoke the same GU -no-gui

-

Force using the text mode installer. +

Force using the text mode installer.

-lang LL
-

Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries +

Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries to automatically determine the right language but if it fails, or if the right language is not available, then it uses English as a fallback. Run install-tl --help to get the list of available la -portable

-

Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with +

Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with the V command, and from the GUI installer. See section 4.2. +href="#x1-420004.2">4.2.

-profile file
-

Load the installation profile

Load the installation profile file and do the installation with no user interaction. The installer always writes a file texlive.profile to the tlpkg subdirectory of your installation. That file ca class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository url-or-directory

-

Specify package repository from which to install; see following. -

+

Specify package repository from which to install; see following. +

-in-place
-

(Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you +

(Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you are doing.) If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of TeX Live (see https://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html) then class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb may be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility. Also, package removal has to be done manually. This option cannot be toggled via the installer interface.

-

+

3.3.1 The -repository option
-

The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via

The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via http://mirror.ctan.org. -

If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with

If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with ftp:, http:, https:, ftp: location, trailing ‘/’ characters and/or a trailing ‘/tlpkg’ component are ignored.) -

For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like: +

For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like: http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/, substituting a real hostname and its @@ -2148,95 +2100,97 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ctan.example.org/tex-archive. The list o maintained at https://ctan.org/mirrors. -

If the given argument is local (either a path or a

If the given argument is local (either a path or a file:/ url), compressed files in an archive subdirectory of the repository path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well). -

+

- -

3.4 Post-install actions

-

Some post-installation may be required. -

+

Some post-installation may be required. + + +

3.4.1 Environment variables for Unix
-

If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section 

If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section 3.2.4), then there is no need to edit environment variables. Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries for your platform must be added to the search path. (On Windows, the installer takes care of this.) -

Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under

Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under TEXDIR/bin. See figure 5 for the list of subdirectories and corresponding platforms. -

Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if +

Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find them. The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to PATH. -

For Bourne-compatible shells such as

For Bourne-compatible shells such as bash, and using Intel x86 GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as an example, the file to edit might be $HOME/.profile (or another file sourced by .profile), and the lines to add would look like this: -

+

-
PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2021/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH; export PATH -
 PATH +MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH -
 MANPATH +INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
-

For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically  INFOPATH +

For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically $HOME/.cshrc, and the lines to add might look like: -

+

-
setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2021/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH
 /usr/local/texlive/2021/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH +setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH -
 /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH +setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH
-

If you already have settings somewhere in your “dot” files, naturally the TeX Live directories should be +class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH +

If you already have settings somewhere in your “dot” files, naturally the TeX Live directories should be merged in as appropriate. -

+

3.4.2 Environment variables: Global configuration
-

If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on +

If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation between systems in how and where these things are configured. -

Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file

Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file /etc/manpath.config and, if present, add lines such as -

+

-
MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2021/bin/x86_64-linux \
 \ +       /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man
-

And 2) check for a file  /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/doc/man +

And 2) check for a file /etc/environment which may define the search path and other default environment variables. -

In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named

In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named man to the directory texmf-dist/doc/man. Some man programs, such as the standard Mac OS X man, will automatically find that, obviating the need for any man page setup. -

+

3.4.3 Internet updates after DVD installation
-

If you installed TeX Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this +

If you installed TeX Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this command—after you’ve updated your search path (as described in the previous section):

- -
tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet + +
-

This tells

This tells tlmgr to use a nearby CTAN mirror for future updates. This is done by default when installing from DVD, via the option described in section 3.2.4. -

If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from +

If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from the list at https://ctan.org/mirrors. Use the exact path to the tlnet subdir on that mirror, as shown above. -

+

3.4.4 System font configuration for XeTeX and LuaTeX
-

XeTeX and LuaTeX can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the TeX trees. They do these +

XeTeX and LuaTeX can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the TeX trees. They do these via related but not identical methods. -

On Windows, fonts shipped with TeX Live are automatically made available to XeTeX by font name. On +

On Windows, fonts shipped with TeX Live are automatically made available to XeTeX by font name. On Mac OS X, supporting font name lookups requires additional steps; please see the MacTeX web pages (https://tug.org/mactex). For other Unix systems, the procedure to be able to find the fonts shipped with TeX Live via font name follows. -

To facilitate this, when the

To facilitate this, when the xetex package is installed (either at initial installation or later), the necessary configuration file is created in TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf. -

To set up the TeX Live fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have suitable privileges), proceed as +

To set up the TeX Live fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have suitable privileges), proceed as follows:

  1. /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf.
  2. Run fc-cache -fsv.
-

If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you want to make the TeX Live +

If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you want to make the TeX Live fonts available to only one user, you can do the following:

  1. ~ is your home directory.
  2. Run fc-cache -fv.
-

You can run

You can run fc-list to see the names of the system fonts. The incantation fc-list : family style file spacing (all arguments are literal strings) shows some generally interesting information. -

+

3.4.5 ConTeXt Mark IV
-

Both the ‘old’ ConTeXt (Mark II) and the ‘new’ ConTeXt (Mark IV) should run out of the box after TeX +

Both the ‘old’ ConTeXt (Mark II) and the ‘new’ ConTeXt (Mark IV) should run out of the box after TeX Live installation, and should need no special attention as long as you stick to using tlmgr for updates. -

However, because ConTeXt MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever +

However, because ConTeXt MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever you install new files manually (without using tlmgr). After each such installation, each MkIV user must run:

-
context --generate
-

to refresh the ConTeXt disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under  --generate +

to refresh the ConTeXt disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under TEXMFCACHE, whose default value in TeX Live is TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR. -

ConTeXt MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in

ConTeXt MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in TEXMFCACHE, and write to the first path that is writable. While reading, the last found match will take precedence in the case of duplicated cache data. -

For more information, see

For more information, see https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV. +

+

-

-

3.4.6 Integrating local and personal macros
-

This is already mentioned implicitly in section 

This is already mentioned implicitly in section 2.3: TEXMFLOCAL (by default, /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local @@ -2385,7 +2339,7 @@ new TeX Live release. Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the defini class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL to be too far away from the main TeX Live directory, or you will need to manually change future releases. -

For both trees, files should be placed in their proper TeX Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see +

For both trees, files should be placed in their proper TeX Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see https://tug.org/tds or consult TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex or TEXMFHOME/tex/latex, or a subdirectory thereof. -

TEXMFLOCAL requires an up-to-date filename database, or files will not be found. You can update it with the command mktexlsr or use the ‘Reinit file database’ button on the configuration tab of the TeX Live Manager GUI. -

By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast +

By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast requirement. If you need to easily switch back and forth between different versions of large packages, for example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own purposes. This is done by setting TEXMFHOME to the list @@ -2407,38 +2361,38 @@ of directories, within braces, separated by commas:

-
-
  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
-
-

-

Section 7.1.5 describes brace expansion further. -

+

+   
  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+
+

+

Section 7.1.5 describes brace expansion further. +

3.4.7 Integrating third-party fonts
-

This is unfortunately a messy topic for TeX and pdfTeX. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many +

This is unfortunately a messy topic for TeX and pdfTeX. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many details of the TeX installation. Many fonts are included in TeX Live already, so take a look if you like; the web pages under https://tug.org/FontCatalogue display nearly all of the text fonts included in the main TeX distributions, categorized in various ways. -

If you do want to install your own fonts, see

If you do want to install your own fonts, see https://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html for our best effort at describing the procedure. -

Also consider using XeTeX or LuaTeX (see section 

Also consider using XeTeX or LuaTeX (see section 2.4), which let you use operating system fonts without any installation in TeX. (But beware that using system fonts makes your documents instantly unusable by anyone in a different environment.) -

+

3.5 Testing the installation

-

After installing TeX Live, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/ +

After installing TeX Live, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/ or fonts. -

One thing you may immediately be looking for is a front-end with which to edit files. TeX Live installs +

One thing you may immediately be looking for is a front-end with which to edit files. TeX Live installs TeXworks (https://tug.org/texworks) on Windows (only), and MacTeX installs TeXShop @@ -2450,10 +2404,10 @@ editor. There are many choices available, some of which are listed in the next s href="https://tug.org/interest.html#editors" class="url" >https://tug.org/interest.html#editors. Any plain text editor will work; something TeX-specific is not required. -

The rest of this section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give +

The rest of this section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix commands here; under Mac OS X and Windows, you’re more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but the principles are the same. -

+

  1. Make sure that you can run the ...
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin subdirectory in your PATH. See the environment-setting information on p. 39. +href="#x1-300003.4.1">38.
  • Process a basic LaTeX file, generating PDF:
    @@ -2523,7 +2477,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex or other files, you may have interferenc variables or configuration files; we recommend unsetting all TeX-related environment variables for a start. (For a deep analysis, you can ask TeX to report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see “Debugging actions” on page 69.) +href="#x1-660007.2.4">68.)
  • Preview the PDF file, for example:
    @@ -2537,7 +2491,7 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.pdf
    You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of LaTeX. (It’s well worth reading, by the way, if you’re new to TeX.) -

    Of course there are many other PDF viewers; on Unix systems,

    Of course there are many other PDF viewers; on Unix systems, evince and okular are commonly used. For Windows, we recommend trying Sumatra PDF ( sample2e.pdf

  • Other standard test files you may find useful in addition to sample2e.tex: -

    +

    small2e.tex
    -

    A simpler document than

    A simpler document than sample2e, to reduce the input size if you’re having troubles.

    testpage.tex
    -

    Test if your printer introduces any offsets. +

    Test if your printer introduces any offsets.

    nfssfont.tex
    -

    For printing font tables and tests. +

    For printing font tables and tests.

    testfont.tex
    -

    Also for font tables, but using plain TeX. +

    Also for font tables, but using plain TeX.

    story.tex
    -

    The most canonical (plain) TeX test file of all. You must type ‘

    The most canonical (plain) TeX test file of all. You must type ‘\bye’ to the * prompt after ‘ on opentype-info.log. -

    If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you +

    If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you need to configure your system so that the fonts shipped with TeX Live can be found. See section 3.4.4.

  • -

    +

    3.6 Links for additional downloadable software

    -

    If you are new to TeX, or otherwise need help with actually writing TeX or LaTeX documents, please visit + id="x1-380003.6">Uninstalling TeX Live +

    To uninstall TeX Live (after a successful installation): +

    +
    + +
    +> tlmgr uninstall --all +
    +
    +

    You will be asked for confirmation, else nothing will be done. (Without --all, the uninstall action is +used to remove individual packages.) +

    This does not remove user-specific directories, namely (see also section sec:texmftrees): +

    +

    + TEXMFCONFIG
    +

    This is intended for user configuration changes. If you want to preserve them, be sure you know + how to recreate them before removing. +

    + TEXMFVAR
    +

    This is intended to store automatically-generated runtime data, such as local format files. Unless + you’ve used it for other purposes, it should be safe to remove. +

    + TEXMFHOME
    +

    Contains only files you yourself installed, typically those not available in the distributions. Unless + you are completely stopping using TeX, or want to start over from scratch, you probably don’t + want to remove this. +

    +
    + + +

    You can find the directory paths for these variables by running kpsewhich -var-value=var. +

    This tlmgr uninstallation also does not undo post-installation actions, such as PATH changes in your shell +initialization files and system access to the fonts in TeX Live (see section 3.4). +

    On Windows, uninstallation can be done through the GUI; see section 6.1. +

    +

    +

    3.7 Links for additional downloadable software

    +

    If you are new to TeX, or otherwise need help with actually writing TeX or LaTeX documents, please visit https://tug.org/begin.html for some introductory resources. -

    Links for some other tools you may consider installing: +

    Links for some other tools you may consider installing:

    Ghostscript
    https://ghostscript.com/ +class="ec-lmtt-10">https://ghostscript.com/, a free PostScript and PDF interpreter.
    Perl
    https://perl.org/ with supplementary packages from CPAN, https://cpan.org/ +class="ec-lmtt-10">https://cpan.org/.
    ImageMagick
    https://imagemagick.org, for graphics processing and conversion +class="ec-lmtt-10">https://imagemagick.org, for graphics processing and conversion.
    NetPBM
    https://texstudio.org/ and in the proTeXt distribu class="ec-lmss-10">TeXnicCenter is free software, available from https://www.texniccenter.org. - -
  • TeXworks is free software, available from WinShell is available from https://www.winshell.de.
  • -

    For a much longer list of packages and programs, see

    For a much longer list of packages and programs, see https://tug.org/interest.html. -

    +

    4 Specialized installations

    -

    The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized + id="x1-400004">Specialized installations +

    The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized cases. -

    +

    + +

    4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations

    -

    TeX Live has been designed to be shared between different systems on a network. With a standard directory + id="x1-410004.1">Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations +

    TeX Live has been designed to be shared between different systems on a network. With a standard directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the locations for files needed by TeX Live programs are found relative to the programs. You can see this in the principal configuration file $TEXMFDIST/web2c/texmf.cnf, which contains lines such as

    -
    TEXMFROOT = $SELFAUTOPARENT
    ...
     $SELFAUTOPARENT +... +TEXMFDIST = $TEXMFROOT/texmf-dist
    ...
     $TEXMFROOT/texmf-dist +... +TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOGRANDPARENT/texmf-local
    -

    This means that adding the directory for TeX Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient +class="ec-lmtt-9"> $SELFAUTOGRANDPARENT/texmf-local +

    This means that adding the directory for TeX Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient to get a working setup. -

    By the same token, you can also install TeX Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to a +

    By the same token, you can also install TeX Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location. -

    For Windows, TeX Live includes a launcher

    For Windows, TeX Live includes a launcher tlaunch. Its main window contains menu entries and buttons for various TeX-related programs and documentation, customizable via an ini file. On first @@ -2847,17 +2861,17 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texdoc tlaunch, or https://ctan.org/pkg/tlaunch). -

    +

    4.2 Portable (USB) installations

    -

    The Portable (USB) installations +

    The -portable installer option (or V command in the text installer or corresponding GUI option) creates a completely self-contained TeX Live installation under a common root and forgoes system integration. You can create such an installation directly on a USB stick, or copy it to a USB stick afterwards. -

    Technically, the portable installation is made self-contained by setting the default values of

    Technically, the portable installation is made self-contained by setting the default values of TEXMFHOME, TEXMFVAR, and TEXMFLOCAL, TEXMFSYSVAR, and TEXMFSYSCONFIG respectively; thus, per-user configuration and caches will not be created. -

    To run TeX using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory to the search +

    To run TeX using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory to the search path during your terminal session, as usual. -

    On Windows, you can double-click

    On Windows, you can double-click tl-tray-menu at the root of the installation and create a temporary ‘tray menu’ offering a choice of a few common tasks, as shown in this screenshot: -

    pict - - -

    The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu. -

    +

    The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu. +

    5 tlmgr: Managing your installation

    + id="x1-43001r9"> -

    pict

    Figure 9:tlshell GUI, showing the Actions menu (Mac OS X)
    +class="ec-lmss-10">tlshell GUI, showing the Actions menu (Mac OS X)
    @@ -2905,17 +2917,17 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlshell GUI, showing the Actions menu (Mac OS X) + id="x1-43002r10"> -

    pict

    Figure 10:tlcockpit GUI for tlmgr
    +class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr @@ -2924,20 +2936,20 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr

    pict

    Figure 11:Legacy tlmgr GUI mode: main window, after ‘Load’
    +class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr GUI mode: main window, after ‘Load’ -

    TeX Live includes a program named

    TeX Live includes a program named tlmgr for managing TeX Live after the initial installation. Its capabilities include:

    @@ -2951,7 +2963,7 @@ capabilities include:
  • changing installation options such as paper size and source location (see section 3.3.1).
  • -

    tlmgr’s functionality completely subsumes the texconfig program. We still distribute and maintain texconfig @@ -2959,19 +2971,19 @@ for the sake of anyone used to its interface, but we recommend using tlmgr nowadays.

    5.1 GUI interfaces for GUI interfaces for tlmgr

    -

    TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for

    TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for tlmgr. Two notable ones: (1) Figure 9 shows 9 shows tlshell, which is written in Tcl/Tk and runs out of the box under Windows and Mac OS X; (2) Figure 10 shows 10 shows tlcockpit, which requires Java version 8 or higher and JavaFX. Both are separate packages. -

    tlmgr also has a native GUI mode (shown in figure 11), which is started with:

    +href="#x1-43003r11">11), which is started with:

     -gui
    However, this GUI extension requires Perl/Tk, which module is no longer included in TeX Live’s Perl distribution for Windows. -

    +

    5.2 Sample Sample tlmgr command-line invocations

    -

    After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with: +

    After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:

    @@ -3020,7 +3032,7 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> update -list
    -

    This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory: +

    This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory:

    @@ -3037,67 +3049,80 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> install collection-xetex
    It generates the following output (abridged): -
    install: collection-xetex
     collection-xetex +install: arabxetex
    ...
     arabxetex +... +install: xetex
     xetex +install: xetexconfig
     xetexconfig +install: xetex.i386-linux -
     xetex.i386-linux +running post install action for xetex
     xetex +install: xetex-def
    ...
     xetex-def +... +running mktexlsr
     mktexlsr +mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/ls-R...
    ... -
     /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/ls-R... +... +running fmtutil-sys --missing
    ...
     --missing +... +Transcript written on xelatex.log.
     xelatex.log. +fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
    -

    As you can see,  installed. +

    As you can see, tlmgr installs dependencies, and takes care of any necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database and (re)generating formats. In the above, we generated new formats for XeTeX. -

    To describe a package (or collection or scheme):

    +

    To describe a package (or collection or scheme):

     show collection-latexextra
    which produces output like this: -
    package:    collection-latexextra
     collection-latexextra +category:   Collection
     Collection +shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages -
     packages +longdesc:   of add-on packages for LaTeX.
     LaTeX. +installed:  Yes
     Yes +revision:   46963
     46963 +sizes:      657941k
    -

    Last and most important, for full documentation see  657941k +

    Last and most important, for full documentation see https://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html, or:

    @@ -3170,15 +3200,15 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr -help
    -

    +

    6 Notes on Windows

    -

    + id="x1-460006">Notes on Windows +

    6.1 Windows-specific features

    -

    Under Windows, the installer does some extra things: + id="x1-470006.1">Windows-specific features +

    Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:

    Menus and shortcuts.
    The installer creates an entry under ‘Add/Remove Programs class="ec-lmbx-10">Write-protect.
    For an admin install, the TeX Live directories are write-protected, at least if TeX Live is installed on a normal NTFS-formatted non-removable disk.
    -

    Also, have a look at

    Also, have a look at tlaunch, described in section 4.1, for a different approach. +href="#x1-410004.1">4.1, for a different approach. -

    +

    6.2 Additional software included on Windows

    -

    To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows + id="x1-480006.2">Additional software included on Windows +

    To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows machine. TeX Live provides the missing pieces. These programs are all installed as part of TeX Live only on Windows. -

    +

    Perl and Ghostscript.
    \font command. If necessary, run fc-cache first to update font information.
    -

    +

    6.3 User Profile is Home

    -

    The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the User Profile is Home +

    The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the %USERPROFILE% directory. Under Windows Vista and later it is C:\Users\<username>. In the texmf.cnf file, and Kpathsea in general, ~ will expand appropriately on both Windows and Unix. -

    +

    6.4 The Windows registry

    -

    Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically + id="x1-500006.4">The Windows registry +

    Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKCU and HKLM in short. The HKCU part of the registry is in the user’s home directory (see section 6.3). 6.3). HKLM is normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory. -

    In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information, +

    In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information, for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables permanently also requires registry access. -

    +

    6.5 Windows permissions

    -

    In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the + id="x1-510006.5">Windows permissions +

    In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to almost the entire operating system. We have made an effort to make TeX Live installable without administrative privileges. -

    If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If +

    If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users, and the system search path is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are created for the current user, and the user search path is modified. -

    Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always +

    Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always under %SystemDrive%. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current user. -

    A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since +

    A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since the effective search path consists of the system search path followed by the user search path, the new TeX Live would never get precedence. As a fallback, the installer creates a shortcut to the command-prompt in which the new TeX Live binary directory is prepended to the local search path. The new TeX Live will be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for TeXworks, if installed, also prepends TeX Live to the search path, so it should also be immune to this path problem. -

    You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for +

    You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice ‘Run as administrator’. -

    +

    6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin

    -

    Windows and Cygwin (see section Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin +

    Windows and Cygwin (see section 3.1.4 for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of memory when running some of the programs shipped with TeX Live. For example, asy might run out of memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and LuaTeX might run out of memory if you try to process a document with a lot of big fonts. -

    For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin +

    For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin User’s Guide (https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html). -

    For Windows, you have to create a file, say

    For Windows, you have to create a file, say moremem.reg, with these four lines: -

    +

    -
    Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
    "heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
    -

    and then execute the command  5.00 + +[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin] +"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00 +

    and then execute the command regedit /s moremem.reg as administrator. (If you want to change memory only for the current user instead of system-wide, use HKEY_CURRENT_USER.) -

    +

    7 A user’s guide to Web2C

    -

    Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc. + id="x1-530007">A user’s guide to Web2C +

    Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc. It is the heart of TeX Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is https://tug.org/web2c. -

    A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first +

    A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first TeX-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in 2006. -

    The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. +

    The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. It uses Knuth’s original sources for TeX and other basic programs written in the WEB literate programming system and translates them into C source code. The core TeX programs handled in this way are: -

    +

    bibtex
    -

    Maintaining bibliographies. +

    Maintaining bibliographies.

    dvicopy
    -

    Expands virtual font references in DVI files. +

    Expands virtual font references in DVI files.

    dvitomp
    -

    DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures). +

    DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).

    dvitype
    -

    DVI to human-readable text. +

    DVI to human-readable text.

    gftodvi
    -

    Generic font proofsheets. +

    Generic font proofsheets.

    gftopk
    -

    Generic to packed fonts. +

    Generic to packed fonts.

    gftype
    -

    GF to human-readable text. +

    GF to human-readable text.

    mf
    -

    Creating typeface families. +

    Creating typeface families.

    mft
    -

    Prettyprinting Metafont source. +

    Prettyprinting Metafont source.

    mpost
    -

    Creating technical diagrams. +

    Creating technical diagrams.

    patgen
    -

    Creating hyphenation patterns. +

    Creating hyphenation patterns.

    pktogf
    -

    Packed to generic fonts. +

    Packed to generic fonts.

    pktype
    -

    PK to human-readable text. +

    PK to human-readable text.

    pltotf
    -

    Plain text property list to TFM. +

    Plain text property list to TFM.

    pooltype
    -

    Display

    Display WEB pool files.

    tangle
    -

    WEB to Pascal.

    tex
    -

    Typesetting. +

    Typesetting.

    tftopl
    -

    TFM to plain text property list. +

    TFM to plain text property list.

    vftovp
    -

    Virtual font to virtual property list. +

    Virtual font to virtual property list.

    vptovf
    -

    Virtual property list to virtual font. +

    Virtual property list to virtual font.

    weave
    -

    WEB to TeX.

    -

    The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual +

    The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will help you take advantage of your Web2C installation. -

    All programs honor these standard GNU options: +

    All programs honor these standard GNU options:

    --help
    -

    print basic usage summary. +

    print basic usage summary.

    --version
    -

    print version information, then exit.

    -

    And most also honor: +

    print version information, then exit.

    +

    And most also honor:

    --verbose
    -

    print detailed progress report.

    -

    For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (

    print detailed progress report.

    +

    For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (https://tug.org/kpathsea). This library uses a combination of environment variables and configuration files to optimize searching the @@ -3529,12 +3562,12 @@ maintaining TeX’s standard distribution and local and personal extensions in d searches, the root of each tree has a file ls-R, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that root. -

    +

    7.1 Kpathsea path searching

    -

    Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. -

    We call a Kpathsea path searching +

    Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. +

    We call a search path a colon- or semicolon-separated list of path elements, which are basically directory names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file ‘.:/dir’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file, then /dir/my-file, returning the first match (or possibly all matches). -

    In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use +

    In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use filename separators different from colon (‘:’) and slash (‘/’). -

    To check a particular path element

    To check a particular path element p, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database” on page 66) applies to 65) applies to p, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of p. If so, the path specification is matched against the contents of the database. -

    Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional +

    Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea expands a path element, meaning it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following sections in the same order as it takes place. -

    Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘

    Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘/’ or ‘./’ or ‘../’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists. -

    +

    7.1.1 Path sources
    -

    A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: -

    + id="x1-550007.1.1">Path sources +

    A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: +

    1. A user-set environment variable, for instance, A user-set environment variable, for instance, TEXINPUTS. Environment variables with a period and a program name appended override; e.g., if ‘latex’ is the name of the program being run, @@ -3583,57 +3616,57 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex will override TEXINPUTS.
    2. A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘S /a:/b’ in dvips’s config.ps.
    3. A Kpathsea configuration file A Kpathsea configuration file texmf.cnf, containing a line like ‘TEXINPUTS=/c:/d’ (see below).
    4. The compile-time default.
    -

    You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” + class="enumerate" id="x1-55008x4">The compile-time default. +

    You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” on page 69). -

    +href="#x1-660007.2.4">68). +

    7.1.2 Config files
    -

    Kpathsea reads Config files +

    Kpathsea reads runtime configuration files named texmf.cnf for search path and other definitions. The search path TEXMFCNF is used to look for these files, but we do not recommend setting this (or any) environment variable to override the system directories. -

    Instead, normal installation results in a file

    Instead, normal installation results in a file .../2021/texmf.cnf. If you must make changes to the defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in .../2021/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the distributed version is updated. -

    As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an +

    As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an environment variable is a reasonable method:

    -
    -
      TEXINPUTS=.:/my/macro/dir:
    -
    -

    To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘ +

      TEXINPUTS=.:/my/macro/dir:
    + +

    To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘:’ (‘;’ on Windows) to insert the system paths, instead of trying to write them all out explicitly (see section 7.1.4). Another option is to use the +href="#x1-580007.1.4">7.1.4). Another option is to use the TEXMFHOME tree (see section 3.2.3). -

    All texmf.cnf files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later files. For example, with a search path of value may contain any character. However, in practice class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf values are related to path expansion, and since various special characters are used in expansion (see section 7.1.7), such as braces and commas, they cannot be used in directory names. -

    A ‘7.1.7), such as braces and commas, they cannot be used in directory names. +

    A ‘;’ in value is translated to ‘:’ if running under Unix, in order to have a single texmf.cnf that can support both Unix and Windows systems. This translation happens with any value, not just search paths, but fortunately in practice ‘;’ is not needed in other values. -

    The

    The $var.prog feature is not available on the right-hand side;

  • All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are defined.
  • -

    A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: -

    +

    A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: +

    -
    +
     TEXMF     = {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
    -
    TEXINPUTS.latex    = .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}// -
    TEXINPUTS.fontinst = .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm// -
    % e-TeX related files -
    TEXINPUTS.elatex   = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}// -
    TEXINPUTS.etex     = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}// -
    -

    + +

    7.1.3 Path expansion
    -

    Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in + id="x1-570007.1.3">Path expansion +

    Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells. As a general example, the path ~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz, expands to all subdirectories under directories baz. These expansions are explained in the sections below.

    7.1.4 Default expansion
    -

    If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 60) contains an Default expansion +

    If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 59) contains an extra colon (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an @@ -3815,18 +3853,18 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex class="ec-lmtt-10">  /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex -

    Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one +

    Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra ‘:’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘:’, then a trailing ‘:’, then a doubled ‘:’. -

    +

    7.1.5 Brace expansion
    -

    A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, Brace expansion +

    A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, v{a,b}w expands to vaw:vbw. Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by assigning a brace list @@ -3837,19 +3875,19 @@ made:

    -
    -
      TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}
    -
    -

    We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path: +

    +   
      TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}
    +
    +

    We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:

    -
    -
      TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
    -
    -

    which means that, after looking in the current directory, the +

      TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
    + +

    which means that, after looking in the current directory, the $TEXMFVAR/tex, $TEXMFHOME/tex, $TEXMFLOCAL/tex and $TEXMFDIST/tex trees will be searched (the last two using ls-R data base files). -

    +

    7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion
    -

    Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory Subdirectory expansion +

    Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory d is replaced by all subdirectories of d: first those subdirectories directly under d, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is unspecified. -

    If you specify any filename components after the ‘

    If you specify any filename components after the ‘//’, only subdirectories with matching components are included. For example, ‘/a//b’ expands into directories /a/1/1/b, and so on, but not /a/b/c or /a/1. -

    Multiple ‘

    Multiple ‘//’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘//’ at the beginning of a path is ignored. -

    +

    7.1.7 Summary of special characters in Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files
    -

    The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration +

    The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration files. -

    +

    :
    -

    Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle, +

    Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle, it substitutes the default path expansion.

    ;
    -

    Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like

    Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like :).

    $
    -

    Variable expansion. +

    Variable expansion.

    ~
    -

    Represents the user’s home directory. +

    Represents the user’s home directory.

    {...}
    -

    Brace expansion. +

    Brace expansion.

    ,
    -

    Separates items in brace expansion. +

    Separates items in brace expansion.

    //
    -

    Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning). +

    Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).

    %
    -

    Start of comment. +

    Start of comment.

    \
    -

    At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries. +

    At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.

    !!
    -

    Search

    Search only database to locate file, do not search the disk.

    -

    Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is +

    Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is used. The rules are inherent in the multiple levels of interpretation of the configuration (parsing, expansion, search, …) and so cannot be concisely stated, unfortunately. There is no general escape mechanism; in particular, ‘\’ is not an “escape character” in texmf.cnf files. -

    When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all. -

    +

    When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all. +

    7.2 Filename databases

    -

    Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live, + id="x1-620007.2">Filename databases +

    Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live, or at any installation with enough directories, searching every possible directory for a given file will take an excessively long time. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built plain text “database” file named ls-R that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk. -

    A second database file

    A second database file aliases allows you to give additional names to the files listed in ls-R. -

    +

    7.2.1 The filename database
    -

    As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be The filename database +

    As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be ls-R. You can put one at the root of each TeX hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched ($TEXMF by default). Kpathsea looks for ls-R files along the TEXMFDBS path. -

    The recommended way to create and maintain ‘

    The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ls-R’ is to run the mktexlsr script included with the distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘cron, so that it is automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a LaTeX package. -

    If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular +

    If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with ‘!!’, however, only the database will be searched for that element, never the disk. -

    +

    7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
    -

    The kpsewhich: Standalone path searching +

    The kpsewhich program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful as a sort of find program to locate files in TeX hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed @@ -4038,12 +4076,12 @@ class="ec-lmro-10">option start with either ‘-’ or ‘--’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted. -

    Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file +

    Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘find’ utility for that). -

    The most common options are described next. -

    +

    The most common options are described next. +

    @@ -4051,7 +4089,7 @@ that). class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=num
    -

    Set the resolution to

    Set the resolution to num; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. ‘dvips. Default is 600. class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=name

    -



    Set the format for lookup to name. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and @@ -4079,7 +4117,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help-formats for a list. class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=string

    -



    Set the mode name to string; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. No default: any mode will --must-exist

    -



    Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficiency. @@ -4098,7 +4136,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficienc class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=string

    -



    Search along the path string (colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from the filename. ‘--format’ class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=name

    -



    Set the program name to name. This can affect the search paths via the .kpsewhich. class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=name

    -



    shows the path used for file lookups of file type name. Either a filename extension (.pk, --format’ option. class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=num

    -



    sets the debugging options to num.

    -

    +

    7.2.3 Examples of use
    -

    Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search: + id="x1-650007.2.3">Examples of use +

    Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:

    @@ -4216,7 +4254,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">  /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
    -

    By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for

    By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for TUGboat articles.

    @@ -4269,7 +4307,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi would go off and actually build the required .pk files using the script mktexpk. -

    Next we turn our attention to

    Next we turn our attention to dvips’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general prologue tex.pro for TeX support, before turning our attention to the generic @@ -4316,7 +4354,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">  /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map

    -

    We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard +

    We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is ‘utm’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the map file:

    @@ -4422,22 +4460,22 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">  /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
    -

    It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is +

    It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since kpsewhich will show you the first file encountered. -

    +

    7.2.4 Debugging actions
    -

    Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical, + id="x1-660007.2.4">Debugging actions +

    Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical, Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output: -

    +

     1
    -

    stat calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date ls-R database this should almost give no output. @@ -4445,64 +4483,67 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database this should almost  2

    -

    References to hash tables (such as

    References to hash tables (such as ls-R databases, map files, configuration files).

     4
    -

    File open and close operations. +

    File open and close operations.

     8
    -

    General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a +

    General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a particular path for the file was defined.

    16
    -

    Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk). +

    Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).

    32
    -

    File searches. +

    File searches.

    64
    -

    Variable values.

    -

    A value of

    Variable values.

    +

    A value of -1 will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient. -

    Similarly, with the

    Similarly, with the dvips program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the problem is. -

    Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by +

    Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by using the KPATHSEA_DEBUG environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the above list. -

    (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic +

    (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log). -

    Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file,

    Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, hello-world.tex, which contains the following input.

    -
    -
      \documentclass{article}
      \begin{document}
      Hello World!
      \end{document}
    -
    -

    This little file only uses the font +

      \documentclass{article} 
    +  \begin{document} 
    +  Hello World! 
    +  \end{document}
    + +

    This little file only uses the font cmr10, so let us look at how dvips prepares the PostScript file (we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option  -o class="ec-lmss-10">dvips’s debug class 4 (font paths) with Kpathsea’s path element expansion (see the dvips reference manual). The output (slightly rearranged) appears in Figure 12. -

    12. +

    @@ -4599,11 +4640,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
    kdebug:search(config.cms)
    =>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
    Figure 12:Finding configuration files
    +class="content">Finding configuration files
    -

    dvips starts by locating its working files. First, texmf.cnf is found, which gives the definitions of the search paths for the other files, then the file database  +amsbkm.map class="ec-lmss-10">dvips thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic map file psfonts.map, which is always loaded (it contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of section 7.2.3 for more details +href="#x1-650007.2.3">7.2.3 for more details about PostScript map file handling). -

    At this point

    At this point dvips identifies itself to the user:

    @@ -4700,7 +4741,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9"> => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
    -

    After having found the file in question,

    After having found the file in question, dvips outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the file hello-world.ps, then that it needs the font file <cmr10.pfb>[1]

    7.3 Runtime options

    -

    Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular, + id="x1-670007.3">Runtime options +

    Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file texmf.cnf read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of that file in the TeX Live distribution. The more important are: -

    +

    main_memory
    -

    Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format +

    Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of TeX, and call the format file hugetex.fmt. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by @@ -4813,29 +4854,29 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf. extra_mem_bot

    -

    Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you +

    Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you use PI CTeX.

    font_mem_size
    -

    Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all +

    Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.

    hash_extra
    -

    Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is

    Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is 600000.

    -

    This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely +

    This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to implement in the present TeX source, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise allowing some flexibility. -

    +

    7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR

    -

    In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with

    In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with . (to search the current directory first), as in

    @@ -4844,7 +4885,7 @@ in

    class="ec-lmtt-9">TEXINPUTS=.;$TEXMF/tex//
    -

    This is a simplification. The

    This is a simplification. The texmf.cnf file we distribute in TeX Live uses $TEXMFDOTDIR instead of just ‘TEXINPUTS=$TEXMFDOTDIR;$TEXMF/tex// class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/tex//. But that’s minor; here we want to discuss the $TEXMFDOTDIR feature.) -

    The reason to use the variable

    The reason to use the variable $TEXMFDOTDIR in the path definitions instead of simply ‘.’ is purely so that it can be overridden. For example, a complex document may have many source files arranged in many @@ -4869,22 +4910,22 @@ build the document) and they will all get searched. (Warning: don’t use .// by default; it’s usually highly undesirable, and potentially insecure, to search through all subdirectories for an arbitrary document.) -

    As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for +

    As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for all the files to be found via explicit paths. You can set $TEXMFDOTDIR to, say, /nonesuch or any nonexistent directory for this. -

    The default value of

    The default value of $TEXMFDOTDIR is just ‘.’, as set in our texmf.cnf. -

    +

    8 Acknowledgements

    -

    TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl + id="x1-690008">Acknowledgements +

    TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl Berry. The other principal contributors, past and present, are listed below.

    -

    Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (

    Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (amd64-netbsd, i386-netbsd), Ken Brown (i386-cygwin, @@ -5062,24 +5103,24 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linuxmusl). For information on the TeX Live build process, see https://tug.org/texlive/build.html. -

    Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French), +

    Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French), Carlos Enriquez Figueras (Spanish), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, & Helin Gai (Chinese), Nikola Lečić (Serbian), Marco Pallante & Carla Maggi (Italian), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris Veytsman (Russian), Zofia Walczak (Polish), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German). The TeX Live documentation web page is https://tug.org/texlive/doc.html. -

    Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and +

    Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and then for giving it to the world. -

    +

    9 Release history

    -

    + id="x1-700009">Release history +

    9.1 Past

    -

    Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for + id="x1-710009.1">Past +

    Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4AllTeX CD, but also the TUG Technical Council working group on a

    We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified +

    We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser’s teTeX as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release of @@ -5105,7 +5146,7 @@ same time, a new revision of teTeX was being made, and TeX Live included almost features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of teTeX, and a new release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup, thanks to Fabrice Popineau. -

    For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of +

    For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for TeX Live 5 was that all non-free software was removed. Everything in TeX Live is now intended to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines (

    The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept: +

    The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate language.dat. -

    The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to +

    The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6. -

    +

    9.1.1 2003
    -

    In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it + id="x1-720009.1.1">2003 +

    In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section 2.1, p. 7). In addition: +href="#x1-90002.1">6). In addition:

    -

    +

    9.1.2 2004
    -

    2004 saw many changes: + id="x1-730009.1.2">2004 +

    2004 saw many changes:

    -

    +

    9.1.3 2005
    -

    2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively + id="x1-740009.1.3">2005 +

    2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:

    -

    +

    9.1.4 2006–2007
    -

    In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the 2006–2007 +

    In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the xetex and xelatex programs; see https://scripts.sil.org/xetex. -

    MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (

    MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (https://tug.org/metapost/articles), likewise pdfTeX (https://tug.org/applications/pdftex). -

    The TeX 

    The TeX .fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now stored in subdirectories of texmf/web2c, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the @@ -5493,19 +5535,19 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">tex or pdftex or xetex. This change should be invisible in normal use. -

    The (plain)

    The (plain) tex program no longer reads %& first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian TeX. (LaTeX and everything else do still read %& lines). -

    Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual, +

    Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual, please check CTAN (https://ctan.org) for updates. -

    Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree, +

    Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a stable development foundation for future years. -

    Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX +

    Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX (https://tug.org/tetex). As a result, there was a surge of interest in TeX Live, especially among @@ -5513,72 +5555,72 @@ GNU/Linux distributors. (There is a new tetex installation scheme in TeX Live, which provides an approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the TeX environment for everyone. -

    +

    9.1.5 2008
    -

    In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an + id="x1-760009.1.5">2008 +

    In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an installation is now stored in a plain text file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb. -

    Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after +

    Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature MiKTeX has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new packages as they are released to CTAN. -

    The major new engine LuaTeX (

    The major new engine LuaTeX (http://luatex.org) is included; besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of TeX documents. -

    Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most +

    Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with TeX Live. -

    The new

    The new tlmgr script (section 5) is the general interface for managing TeX Live after the initial installation. +href="#x1-430005">5) is the general interface for managing TeX Live after the initial installation. It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map files, and language files, optionally including local additions. -

    With the advent of

    With the advent of tlmgr, the texconfig actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled. -

    The

    The xindy indexing program (http://xindy.sourceforge.net/) is now included on most platforms. -

    The

    The kpsewhich tool can now report all matches for a given file (option –all) and limit matches to a given +class="ec-lmtt-10">--all) and limit matches to a given subdirectory (option –subdir). -

    The --subdir). +

    The dvipdfmx program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command name extractbb; this was one of the last features provided by dvipdfm not in dvipdfmx. -

    The font aliases

    The font aliases Times-Roman, Helvetica, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve this. -

    The

    The platex format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese platex; the polski package is now the main Polish support. -

    Internally, the

    Internally, the WEB string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades. -

    Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See +

    Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf. -

    +

    9.1.6 2009
    -

    In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L2009 +

    In 2009, the default output format for Lua(LA )TeX is now PDF, to take advantage of LuaTeX’s OpenType support, et al. New executables named dviluatex and dvilualatex run LuaTeX with DVI output. The LuaTeX home page is http://luatex.org. -

    The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega +

    The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities. -

    A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape +

    A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdfhttps://ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html. -

    The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and +

    The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and more information, see the TeXworks home page, https://tug.org/texworks. It is a cross-platform front-end inspired by the Mac OS X TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use. -

    The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics +

    The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home page is https://asymptote.sourceforge.io. -

    The separate

    The separate dvipdfm program has been replaced by dvipdfmx, which operates in a special compatibility mode under that name. dvipdfmx includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years since the last dvipdfm release. -

    Executables for the

    Executables for the cygwin and i386-netbsd platforms are now included, while we were advised that OpenBSD users get TeX through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that have a chance of working on more than one version. -

    A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use

    A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use xz compression, the stable replacement for lzma (https://tukaani.org/xz/); a literal $ is allowed in filenames when it does not introduce a known variable name; the Kpathsea library is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire TeX Live build is now based on Automake. -

    Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are +

    Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are available at ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive. -

    +

    9.1.7 2010
    -

    In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the + id="x1-780009.1.7">2010 +

    In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the TeX engines when used to produce PDF and to dvipdfmx. Loading the pdf14 LaTeX package changes back to PDF 1.4, or set \pdfminorversion=4. -

    pdf(L

    pdf(LA )TeX now automatically converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the epstopdf package documentation (https://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg). -

    A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the

    A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the \write18 feature, is now enabled by default. These commands are repstopdf,  conf texmf shell_escape 0. -

    Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an +

    Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an arbitrary directory (like TeX itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted \write18. To change this, the TEXMFOUTPUT environment variable can be set, or the openout_any setting changed. -

    XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently +

    XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently supported.) -

    By default,

    By default, tlmgr now saves one backup of each package updated (tlmgr option autobackup 1), so broken package updates can be easily reverted with tlmgr restore. If you do post-install updates, and don’t have the disk space for the backups, run tlmgr option autobackup 0. -

    New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program +

    New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the chktex utility (originally from A )TeX documents; the dvisvgm (https://dvisvgm.de) DVI-to-SVG translator. -

    Executables for these new platforms are now included:

    Executables for these new platforms are now included: amd64-freebsd, amd64-kfreebsd, i386-freebsd, @@ -5715,53 +5757,53 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd, class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd, x86_64-darwin, x86_64-solaris. -

    A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables +

    A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables (https://tug.org/tex4ht) were removed from the binary directories. The generic mk4ht program can be used to run any of the various tex4ht combinations. -

    Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A +

    Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A single DVD no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical DVD is much faster. -

    +

    9.1.8 2011
    -

    The Mac OS X binaries (2011 +

    The Mac OS X binaries (universal-darwin and x86_64-darwin) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther and Tiger are no longer supported. -

    The

    The biber program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is closely coupled with the biblatex package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities provided by LaTeX. -

    The MetaPost (

    The MetaPost (mpost) program no longer creates or uses .mem files. The needed files, such as plain.mp, are simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant though not user-visible change. -

    The

    The updmap implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used on all platforms. There shouldn’t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much faster. -

    The

    The initex and inimf programs were restored (but no other ini* variants). -

    +

    9.1.9 2012
    -

    2012 +

    tlmgr supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the tlmgr help output has more. -

    The parameter

    The parameter \XeTeXdashbreakstate is set to 1 by default, for both xetex and xelatex. This allows line @@ -5769,51 +5811,51 @@ breaks after em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plai Existing XeTeX documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set \XeTeXdashbreakstate to 0 explicitly. -

    The output files generated by

    The output files generated by pdftex and dvips, among others, can now exceed 2 gigabytes. -

    The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of

    The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of dvips by default, since so many different versions of them are extant. -

    In the restricted

    In the restricted \write18 execution mode, set by default, mpost is now an allowed program. -

    A

    A texmf.cnf file is also found in ../texmf-local, e.g., /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf, if it exists. -

    The

    The updmap script reads a per-tree updmap.cfg instead of one global config. This change should be invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg’s directly. The updmap --help output has more. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: armel-linux and mipsel-linux added; sparc-linux and i386-netbsd are no longer in the main distribution. -

    +

    9.1.10 2013
    -

    Distribution layout: the top-level 2013 +

    Distribution layout: the top-level texmf/ directory has been merged into texmf-dist/, for simplicity. Both the TEXMFMAIN and TEXMFDIST Kpathsea variables now point to texmf-dist. -

    Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation. -

    MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added. -

    LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (

    Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation. +

    MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added. +

    LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (pdfscanner) to process external PDF page content, among much else (see its web pages). -

    XeTeX (also see its web pages for more):

    +

    XeTeX (also see its web pages for more):

    -

    xdvi: now uses FreeType instead of t1lib for rendering. -

    microtype.sty: some support for XeTeX (protrusion) and LuaTeX (protrusion, font expansion, tracking), among other enhancements. -

    tlmgr: new pinning action to ease configuring multiple repositories; that section in tlmgr --help has more, online at https://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: armhf-linux, mips-irix, i386-netbsd, and amd64-netbsd added or revived; powerpc-aix removed. -

    +

    9.1.11 2014
    -

    2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the + id="x1-820009.1.11">2014 +

    2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the restoration of the preloaded format string on the banner line. Per Knuth, this now reflects the format that would be loaded by default, rather than an undumped format that is actually preloaded in the binary; it may be overridden in various ways. -

    pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter

    pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter \pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup; new primitives for fake interword spaces to help with PDF text reflowing: \pdfinterwordspaceon, \pdfinterwordspaceoff, \pdffakespace. -

    LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a +

    LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a new engine variant, luajittex and its siblings texluajit and

    XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode +

    XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode compatibility decomposition fallback (but not other variants); prefer OpenType to Graphite fonts, for compatibility with previous XeTeX versions. -

    MetaPost: A new numbersystem

    MetaPost: A new numbersystem decimal is supported, along with a companion internal numberprecision; a new definition of drawdot in plain.mp, per Knuth; bug fixes in SVG and PNG output, among others. -

    The

    The pstopdf ConTeXt utility will be removed as a standalone command at some point after the release, due to conflicts with OS utilities of the same name. It can still (and now) be invoked as mtxrun –script pstopdf. -

    psutils has been substantially revised by a new maintainer. As a result, several seldom-used utilities (fix*, scripts/ directory rather than being user-level executables (this can be reversed if it turns out to be problematic). A new script, psjoin, has been added. -

    The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section 

    The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section 3.1.2) no longer includes the optional Mac-only packages for the Latin Modern and TeX Gyre fonts, since it is easy enough for individual users to make them available to the system. The convert program from ImageMagick has also been excised, since TeX4ht (specifically tex4ht.env) now uses Ghostscript directly. -

    The

    The langcjk collection for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean support has been split into individual language collections for the sake of more moderate sizes. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: x86_64-cygwin added, mips-irix removed; Microsoft no longer supports Windows XP, so our programs may start failing there at any time. -

    +

    9.1.12 2015
    -

    LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the 2015 +

    LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the fixltx2e package, which is now a no-op. A new latexrelease package and other mechanisms allow for controlling what is @@ -5936,35 +5978,35 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">babel and psnfss packages, while core parts of LaTeX, are maintained separately and are not affected by these changes (and should still work). -

    Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters, +

    Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters, naming of primitives, etc.) which was previously part of TeX Live. This change is intended to be invisible to users; a few low-level internal control sequences have been renamed or removed, but the behavior should be just the same. -

    pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if

    pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if \pdfinclusionerrorlevel is negative; sync with xpdf 3.04. -

    LuaTeX: New library

    LuaTeX: New library newtokenlib for scanning tokens; bug fixes in the normal random number generator and other places. -

    XeTeX: Image handling fixes;

    XeTeX: Image handling fixes; xdvipdfmx binary looked for first as a sibling to xetex; internal XDV opcodes changed. -

    MetaPost: New numbersystem

    MetaPost: New numbersystem binary; new Japanese-enabled upmpost and updvitomp programs, analogous to up*tex. -

    MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution +

    MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution Preference Pane now works in Yosemite (Mac OS X 10.10). Resource-fork font suitcases (generally without an extension) are no longer supported by XeTeX; data-fork suitcases (.dfont) remain supported. -

    Infrastructure: The

    Infrastructure: The fmtutil script has been reimplemented to read fmtutil.cnf on a per-tree basis, analogous to mktextfm, mktexpk) now prefer programs in their own directory, instead of always using the existing PATH. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: *-kfreebsd removed, since TeX Live is now easily available through the system platform mechanisms. Support for some additional platforms is available as custom binaries (https://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html). In addition, some platforms are now omitted from the DVD (simply to save space), but can be installed normally over the net. -

    +

    9.1.13 2016
    + id="x1-840009.1.13">2016 -

    LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure +

    LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure rearrangements. The changes are summarized in an article by Hans Hagen, “LuaTeX 0.90 backend changes for PDF and more” (https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb37-1/tb115hagen-pdf.pdf); for all the details, see the LuaTeX manual, texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatex.pdf. -

    Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont, +

    Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont, for trial testing purposes. -

    MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0. -

    MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0. +

    SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support in all engines except LuaTeX (which will come in the next release) and original tex (intentionally omitted): if the environment variable \month, \day, \time. The pdfTeX manual has examples and details. -

    pdfTeX: new primitives

    pdfTeX: new primitives \pdfinfoomitdate, \pdftrailerid, \pdfsuppressptexinfo, to control values appearing in the output which normally change with each run. These features are for PDF output only, not DVI. -

    XeTeX: New primitives

    XeTeX: New primitives \XeTeXhyphenatablelength, \XeTeXgenerateactualtext,
    \XeTeXinterwordspaceshaping, \mdfivesum; character class limit increased to 4096; DVI id byte incremented. -

    Other utilities:

    +

    Other utilities:

    -

    MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility; +

    MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility; bundled GUI applications upgraded; new script cjk-gs-integrate to be run by users who wish to incorporate various CJK fonts into Ghostscript. -

    Infrastructure: System-level

    Infrastructure: System-level tlmgr configuration file supported; verify package checksums; if GPG is available, verify signature of network updates. These checks happen with both the installer and tlmgr. If GPG is not available, updates proceed as usual. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: alpha-linux and mipsel-linux removed. -

    +

    9.1.14 2017
    -

    LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; 2017 +

    LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; ffi library for dynamic code loading added on some platforms. -

    pdfTeX: Environment variable

    pdfTeX: Environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_TEX_PRIMITIVES from last year renamed to FORCE_SOURCE_DATE, with no changes in functionality; if the \pdfpageattr token list contains the string /MediaBox, omit output of the default /MediaBox. -

    XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug +

    XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug fixes. -

    Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with

    Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with dvipdfmx and package expectations; the -L0 option (L0 config setting) restores the previous behavior of the first special winning. -

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \pdfuniformdeviate, \pdfnormaldeviate, \pdfrandomseed, @@ -6087,7 +6129,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfrandomseed, class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfsetrandomseed, \pdfelapsedtime, \pdfresettimer, from pdfTeX. -

    MacTeX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches +

    MacTeX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches will be supported in MacTeX, under the platform name x86_64-darwin; currently this means Yosemite, El Capitan, and Sierra (10.10 and newer). Binaries for older Mac OS X versions are not @@ -6098,7 +6140,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-darwin, class="ec-lmtt-10">powerpc-darwin). -

    Infrastructure: The

    Infrastructure: The TEXMFLOCAL tree is now searched before TEXMFSYSCONFIG and TEXMFSYSVAR (by @@ -6108,7 +6150,7 @@ has a new mode shell for interactive and scripted use, and a new action conf auxtrees to easily add and remove extra trees. -

    updmap and fmtutil: These scripts now give a warning when invoked without explicitly specifying either so-called system mode (https://tug.org/texlive/scripts-sys-user.html for details. -

    install-tl: Personal paths such as TEXMFHOME are now set to MacTeX values (~/Library/...) by @@ -6132,24 +6174,24 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">-init-from-profile to start an installation with the v new command P to explicitly save a profile; new profile variable names (but previous ones are still accepted). -

    SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like

    SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like foo.synctex(busy), instead of foo.synctex.gz(busy) (no .gz). Front-ends and build systems that want to remove temp files may need adjusting. -

    Other utilities:

    Other utilities: texosquery-jre8 is a new cross-platform program for retrieving locale and other OS information from a TeX document; it is included in shell_escape_commands by default for restricted shell execution. (Older JRE versions are supported by texosquery, but cannot be enabled in restricted mode, as they are no longer supported by Oracle, even for security issues.) -

    Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes. -

    +

    Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes. +

    9.1.15 2018
    -

    Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set 2018 +

    Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set texmf.cnf or environment variable texmf_casefold_search to 0 to disable. Full details in the Kpathsea manual (https://tug.org/kpathsea). -

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive \epTeXversion. -

    LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary

    LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary luatex53 is available on most platforms, but must be renamed to luatex to be effective. Or use the ConTeXt Garden (https://wiki.contextgarden.net) files; more information there. -

    MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output. -

    pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for +

    MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output. +

    pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for \pdfprimitive and related. -

    XeTeX: Support

    XeTeX: Support /Rotate in PDF image inclusion; exit nonzero if the output driver fails; various obscure UTF-8 and other primitive fixes. -

    MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in

    MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in /Applications/TeX/ by MacTeX have been reorganized for greater clarity; now this location contains four GUI programs (BibDesk, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop) at the top level and folders with additional utilities and documentation. -

    tlmgr: new front-ends tlshell (Tcl/Tk) and tlcockpit (Java); JSON output; uninstall now a synonym for remove; new action/option print-platform-info. -

    Platforms:

    +

    Platforms:

    -

    +

    9.1.16 2019
    -

    Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable 2019 +

    Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable TEXMFDOTDIR instead of hard-coded . in paths allows for easily searching additional or sub-directories (see comments in texmf.cnf). -

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \readpapersizespecial and \expanded. -

    LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library +

    LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library pplib is used to read pdf files, thus eliminating the dependency on poppler (and the need for C++); Lua interface changed accordingly. -

    MetaPost:

    MetaPost: r-mpost command name recognized as an alias for invocation with the –restricted option, +class="ec-lmtt-10">--restricted option, and added to the list of restricted commands available by default. Minimum precision now 2 for decimal and binary mode. Binary mode no longer available in MPlib but still available in standalone MetaPost. -

    pdfTeX: New primitive

    pdfTeX: New primitive \expanded; if new primitive parameter \pdfomitcharset is set to 1, the /CharSet string omitted from the PDF output, since it cannot feasibly be guaranteed correct, as required by PDF/A-2 and PDF/A-3. -

    XeTeX: New primitives

    XeTeX: New primitives \expanded, \creationdate, \elapsedtime, \uniformdeviate, \randomseed; extend \Ucharcat to produce active characters. -

    tlmgr: Support curl as a download program; use lz4 and gzip before xz for local backups, if available; prefer system-provided binaries over binaries provided with TeX Live for compressor and download programs, unless the environment variable TEXLIVE_PREFER_OWN is set. -

    install-tl: New option -gui (with no argument) is the default on Windows and Macs, and invokes a new Tcl/TK GUI (see sections 1.3 and 3.1.6). -

    Utilities:

    +

    Utilities:

    -

    MacTeX: 

    MacTeX: x86_64-darwin now supports 10.12 and higher (Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave); x86_64-darwinlegacy still supports 10.6 and newer. The spell checker Excalibur is no longer included, since it requires 32-bit support. -

    Platforms: removed

    Platforms: removed sparc-solaris. -

    +

    9.1.17 2020
    -

    General:

    + id="x1-880009.1.17">2020 +

    General:

    -

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives

    epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \Uchar, \Ucharcat, \current(x)spacingmode, \iffontchar. For eupTeX only: \currentcjktoken. -

    LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines

    LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines luahbtex (used for lualatex) and luajithbtex. New primitives: \eTeXgluestretchorder, \eTeXglueshrinkorder. -

    pdfTeX: New primitive

    pdfTeX: New primitive \pdfmajorversion; this merely changes the version number in the PDF output; it has no effect on any PDF content. \pdfximage and similar now search for image files in the same way as \openin. -

    pTeX: New primitives

    pTeX: New primitives \ifjfont, \iftfont. Also in epTeX, upTeX, eupTeX. -

    XeTeX: Fixes for

    XeTeX: Fixes for \Umathchardef, \XeTeXinterchartoks, \pdfsavepos. -

    Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities +

    Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities (https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125rokicki-type3search.pdf). -

    MacTeX: MacTeX and

    MacTeX: MacTeX and x86_64-darwin now require 10.13 or higher (High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina); x86_64-darwinlegacy supports 10.6 and newer. MacTeX is notarized and command line programs have @@ -6361,7 +6403,7 @@ hardened runtimes, as now required by Apple for install packages. BibDesk and Te not in MacTeX because they are not notarized, but a README file lists urls where they can be obtained. -

    tlmgr and infrastructure:

    -

    +

    9.2 Present: 2021

    -

    General:

    + id="x1-890009.2">Present: 2021 +

    General:

    -

    Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named

    Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named lamed, has been removed. The aleph binary itself is still included and supported. -

    LuaTeX:

    +

    LuaTeX:

    • Lua 5.3.6.
    • @@ -6428,7 +6470,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\tracingstacklevels.
    • Removed width/ic compensation for traditional math code path.
    -

    MetaPost:

    +

    MetaPost:

    • SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable support for reproducible output. @@ -6444,7 +6486,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">-T option, other fixes to manual. class="ec-lmtt-10">epsilon changed in binary and decimal modes, so mp_solve_rising_cubic works as expected.
    -

    pdfTeX:

    +

    pdfTeX:

    • New primitives \pdfrunninglinkoff and poppler support removed, as it was too hard to keep in TL, pdfTeX has always used libs/xpdf, which is cut-down and adapted code from xpdf.
    -

    XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning. -

    Dvipdfmx:

    +

    XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning. +

    Dvipdfmx:

    • Ghostscript is now invoked safely by default; to override (assuming all input files are trusted), use dviluatex’s extended fnt_def.
    • Support new feature of virtual font to fallback Japanese font definition.
    -

    Dvips:

    +

    Dvips:

    • Default PostScript document title is now the basename of the input file, and can be overridden with the new option -title. class="ec-lmtt-10">.eps or other image file is not found, exit with bad status.
    • Support new feature of virtual font to fallback Japanese font definition.
    -

    MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder

    MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder universal-darwin now require macOS 10.14 or higher (Mojave, Catalina, and Big Sur); the x86_64-darwin binary folder is no longer present. The @@ -6515,14 +6557,14 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin binary folder is no longer class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwinlegacy binary folder, available only with the Unix install-tl, supports 10.6 and newer. -

    This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and +

    This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and will sell and support both ARM and Intel machines for many years. All programs in universal-darwin have executable code for both ARM and Intel. Both binaries are compiled from the same source code. -

    The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are +

    The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are signed with a hardened runtime, so all are included in MacTeX this year. -

    tlmgr and infrastructure:

    @@ -6539,26 +6581,26 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">rcat-* fields for local vs. remote Catalogue data.
  • full logging of subcommands moved to new log file texmf-var/web2c/tlmgr-commands.log.
  • -

    +

    9.3 Future

    -

    We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation, + id="x1-900009.3">Future +

    We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation, more programs, an ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts, and anything else TeX. This work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and there is always more to do. Please see https://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html. -

    Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to: -

    +

    Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to: +

    -

    tex-live@tug.org
    https://tug.org/texlive

    -

    https://tug.org/texlive

    +

    Happy TeXing!

    diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf index 927fb86af0f..a5cf123ab28 100644 Binary files a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf and b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf differ diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex index 5c771ec01a6..b7e741b2dbc 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ a \TeX\ user group (highly recommended, (\url{https://tug.org/store}), or burning your own from the \ISO\ image. You can also mount the \ISO\ directly on most systems. After installing from \DVD\ or \ISO, if you want to get continuing updates from the -Internet, please see \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}. +Internet, please see section~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}. \end{description} @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail. Below, \texttt{>} denotes the shell prompt; user input is \Ucom{\texttt{bold}}. -The script \filename{install-tl} is a Perl script. The simplest way +The \filename{install-tl} program is a Perl script. The simplest way to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows: \begin{alltt} > \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl} @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ If the given argument is local (either a path or a \texttt{file:/} url), compressed files in an \dirname{archive} subdirectory of the repository path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well). - +\htmlanchor{postinstall} \subsection{Post-install actions} \label{sec:postinstall} @@ -1351,6 +1351,51 @@ section~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}. \end{enumerate} +\htmlanchor{uninstall} +\subsection{Uninstalling \TL} +\label{sec:uninstall} + +To uninstall \TL\ (after a successful installation): + +\begin{alltt} +> \Ucom{tlmgr uninstall --all} +\end{alltt} + +You will be asked for confirmation, else nothing will be done. +(Without \code{-{}-all}, the \code{uninstall} action is used to remove +individual packages.) + +This does not remove user-specific directories, namely (see also +section~{sec:texmftrees}): + +\begin{ttdescription} +\item [TEXMFCONFIG] This is intended for user configuration changes. +If you want to preserve them, be sure you know how to recreate them +before removing. + +\item [TEXMFVAR] This is intended to store automatically-generated +runtime data, such as local format files. Unless you've used it for +other purposes, it should be safe to remove. + +\item[TEXMFHOME] Contains only files you yourself installed, typically +those not available in the distributions. Unless you are completely +stopping using \TeX, or want to start over from scratch, you probably +don't want to remove this. + +\end{ttdescription} + +\noindent You can find the directory paths for these variables by +running \code{kpsewhich -var-value=\ttvar{var}}. + +This \prog{tlmgr} uninstallation also does not undo post-installation +actions, such as \envname{PATH} changes in your shell initialization +files and system access to the fonts in \TL\ (see +section~\ref{sec:postinstall}). + +On Windows, uninstallation can be done through the \GUI; see +section~\ref{sec:winfeatures}. + + \subsection{Links for additional downloadable software} If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing @@ -1359,11 +1404,12 @@ If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing Links for some other tools you may consider installing: \begin{description} -\item[Ghostscript] \url{https://ghostscript.com/} +\item[Ghostscript] \url{https://ghostscript.com/}, a free PostScript and + PDF interpreter. \item[Perl] \url{https://perl.org/} with - supplementary packages from CPAN, \url{https://cpan.org/} + supplementary packages from CPAN, \url{https://cpan.org/}. \item[ImageMagick] \url{https://imagemagick.org}, for graphics - processing and conversion + processing and conversion. \item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net}, also for graphics. \item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the @@ -3159,8 +3205,8 @@ The \cmdname{xindy} indexing program (\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) is now included on most platforms. The \cmdname{kpsewhich} tool can now report all matches for a given file -(option \optname{--all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory -(option \optname{--subdir}). +(option \optname{-{}-all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory +(option \optname{-{}-subdir}). The \cmdname{dvipdfmx} program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command name \cmdname{extractbb}; this @@ -3715,7 +3761,7 @@ eliminating the dependency on poppler (and the need for C++); Lua interface changed accordingly. MetaPost: \code{r-mpost} command name recognized as an -alias for invocation with the \code{--restricted} option, and added to +alias for invocation with the \code{-{}-restricted} option, and added to the list of restricted commands available by default. Minimum precision now 2 for decimal and binary mode. Binary mode no longer available in MPlib but still available in @@ -3781,7 +3827,7 @@ are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left unchanged after tokenization. This does not currently affect \LaTeX's \cs{input} command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \cs{input} primitive. -\item New option \texttt{--cnf-line} for \texttt{kpsewhich}, \texttt{tex}, +\item New option \optname{-{}-cnf-line} for \texttt{kpsewhich}, \texttt{tex}, \texttt{mf}, and all other engines, to support arbitrary configuration settings on the command line. @@ -3825,7 +3871,7 @@ are not in Mac\TeX\ because they are not notarized, but a \code{tlmgr} and infrastructure: \begin{itemize*} \item Automatically retry (once) packages that fail to download. \item New option \texttt{tlmgr check texmfdbs}, to -to check consistency of \texttt{ls-R} files and \texttt{!!} +to check consistency of \texttt{ls-R} files and \texttt{!!}\ specifications for each tree. \item Use versioned filenames for the package containers, as in \texttt{tlnet/archive/\textsl{pkgname}.rNNN.tar.xz}; should be -- cgit v1.2.3