From 79bba3a77211fc9326362311281adab4fedc5545 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2023 22:19:47 +0000 Subject: Windows update from Siep git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@65945 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html | 2255 ++++++++++---------- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf | Bin 1199420 -> 1200010 bytes .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex | 66 +- 3 files changed, 1171 insertions(+), 1150 deletions(-) diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html index fe97a5bfb1e..a1948bff9e2 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@

The TeX Live Guide—2023

Karl Berry, editor -
https://tug.org/texlive/

Internet updates after DVD installation<
   3.4.4 System font configuration for XeTeX and LuaTeX
   3.4.5 ConTeXt Mark IV +href="#x1-340003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-42">ConTeXt LMTX and MKIV
   3.4.6 Integrating local and personal macros
   3.4.7 82). included sources can be compiled on platforms for which we do not provide binaries.

As to Windows: Windows 7 and later are supported. Windows Vista may still mostly work, but TeX Live -will no longer even install on Windows XP or earlier. TeX Live includes no 64-bit executables for Windows, -but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit systems. But see https://tug.org/texlive/windows.html -for options to add 64-bit binaries. -

See section 

See section 2.1 for alternate solutions for Windows and macOS. -

+

1.3 Basic installation of TeX Live

-

You can install TeX Live either from DVD or over the Internet (

You can install TeX Live either from DVD or over the Internet (https://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html). The net installer itself is small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet. -

The DVD installer lets you install to a local disk, but you cannot run TeX Live directly from the +

The DVD installer lets you install to a local disk, but you cannot run TeX Live directly from the TeX Collection DVD (or the TeX Collection or TeX Live .iso images). You can prepare a runnable @@ -280,151 +277,150 @@ a quick start:

  • -

    For Unix, the installation script is

    For Unix, the installation script is install-tl; on Windows, one should instead invoke install-tl-windows. The installer will operate in a graphical mode given the option -gui - (default for Windows and older macOS), or a text mode given the option -gui=text (default for - everything else). + (default for Windows), or a text mode given the option -gui=text (default for everything else).

  • -

    One of the installed items is the ‘TeX Live Manager’ program, named

    One of the installed items is the ‘TeX Live Manager’ program, named tlmgr. Like the installer, it can be used in both GUI mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall packages and do various configuration tasks.

-

+

1.4 Security considerations

-

To the best of our knowledge, the core TeX programs themselves are (and always have been) extremely robust. - - +

To the best of our knowledge, the core TeX programs themselves are (and always have been) extremely robust. However, the contributed programs in TeX Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone’s best efforts. As always, you should be careful when running programs on untrusted input; to improve safety, use a new + + subdirectory or chroot. -

This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general Windows finds programs in the current +

This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general Windows finds programs in the current directory before anything else, regardless of the search path. This opens up a wide variety of possible attacks. We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain, especially with third-party programs. Thus, we recommend checking for suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables (binaries or scripts). Ordinarily they should not be present, and definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a document. -

Finally, TeX (and its companion programs) are able to write files when processing documents, a feature +

Finally, TeX (and its companion programs) are able to write files when processing documents, a feature that can also be abused in a wide variety of ways. Again, processing unknown documents in a new subdirectory is the safest bet. -

Another aspect of security is ensuring that downloaded material has not been changed from what was +

Another aspect of security is ensuring that downloaded material has not been changed from what was created. The tlmgr program (section 5) will automatically perform cryptographic verification on downloads if the gpg (GNU Privacy Guard) program is available. It is not distributed as part of TeX Live, but see +class="ec-lmss-10">gpg (GNU Privacy Guard) program is available. It is not distributed as part of TeX Live, but see https://texlive.info/tlgpg/ for information about gpg if need be. -

+

1.5 Getting help

-

The TeX community is active and friendly, and most serious questions end up getting answered. However, the +

The TeX community is active and friendly, and most serious questions end up getting answered. However, the support is informal, done by volunteers and casual users, so it’s especially important that you do your homework before asking. (If you prefer guaranteed commercial support, you can forgo TeX Live -completely and purchase a vendor’s system; https://tug.org/interest.html#vendors has a list.) -

Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend using them: -

+

Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend using them: +

-

+

Getting started

-

If you are new to TeX, the web page

If you are new to TeX, the web page https://tug.org/begin.html gives a brief introduction to the system.

-

+

CTAN

-

If you are looking for a particular package, font, program, etc., CTAN is the place to start looking. +

If you are looking for a particular package, font, program, etc., CTAN is the place to start looking. It is a huge collection of all TeX-related items. The catalog entries also tell you whether a package - is available for TeX Live or MiKTeX. See https://ctan.org.

-

+

TeX FAQ

-

The TeX FAQ is a compendium of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the - most arcane. It is available on the Internet through

The TeX FAQ is a compendium of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the + most arcane. It is available on the Internet through https://texfaq.org.

-

+

TeX Web Resources

-

The web page

The web page https://tug.org/interest.html has many TeX-related links, in particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of the system.

-

+

support archives

-

Principal support forums for TeX include the LaTeX community site at

Principal support forums for TeX include the LaTeX community site at https://latex.org, - the q&a site https://tex.stackexchange.com, the Usenet newsgroup https://tex.stackexchange.com, the Usenet newsgroup news:comp.text.tex, and the mailing list texhax@tug.org. Their archives have years of past questions and answers for your searching - pleasure, via, for the latter two, http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics - and https://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax. And a general web search never hurts.

- - -

+

asking questions

-

If you cannot find an answer, you can post to

If you cannot find an answer, you can post to http://latex-community.org/ and - http://latex-community.org/ and +https://tex.stackexchange.com/ through their web interfaces, to comp.text.tex through Google or your newsreader, or to texhax@tug.org through email. But before you post - anywhere, please read this FAQ entry, to maximize your chances of getting a useful answer: - https://texfaq.org/FAQ-askquestion.

-

+

TeX Live support

-

If you want to report a bug or have suggestions or comments on the TeX Live distribution, +

If you want to report a bug or have suggestions or comments on the TeX Live distribution, installation, or documentation, the mailing list is tex-live@tug.org. However, if your question @@ -434,157 +430,161 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">--help option will provide a bug reporting address.

-

The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. All the above resources are open to anyone, +

The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. All the above resources are open to anyone, so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can. -

+

2 Overview of TeX Live

-

This section describes the contents of TeX Live and the TeX Collection of which it is a part. -

+

This section describes the contents of TeX Live and the TeX Collection of which it is a part. +

2.1 The TeX Collection: TeX Live, proTeXt, MacTeX

-

The TeX Collection DVD comprises the following: -

+

The TeX Collection DVD comprises the following: +

-

+

TeX Live

-

A complete TeX system to be installed to disk. Home page:

A complete TeX system to be installed to disk. Home page: https://tug.org/texlive/.

-

+

MacTeX

-

for macOS (currently named macOS by Apple, but we continue to use the older name in this +

for macOS (currently named macOS by Apple, but we continue to use the older name in this document), this adds a native macOS installer and other Mac applications to TeX Live. Home - page: https://tug.org/mactex/.

-

+

proTeXt

-

An enhancement of the MiKTeX distribution for Windows, proTeXt adds a few extra tools to +

An enhancement of the MiKTeX distribution for Windows, proTeXt adds a few extra tools to MiKTeX, and simplifies installation. It is entirely independent of TeX Live, and has its own - installation instructions. Home page: https://tug.org/protext/.

-

+

CTAN

-

A snapshot of the CTAN repository (

A snapshot of the CTAN repository (https://ctan.org/).

-

CTAN and

CTAN and protext do not follow the same copying conditions as TeX Live, so be careful when redistributing or modifying. +

+

-

-

2.2 Top level TeX Live directories

-

Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a TeX Live installation. -

+

Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a TeX Live installation. +

bin
-

The TeX system programs, arranged by platform. +

The TeX system programs, arranged by platform.

readme-*.dir
-

Quick overview and useful links for TeX Live, in various languages, in both HTML and plain text. +

Quick overview and useful links for TeX Live, in various languages, in both HTML and plain text.

source
-

The source to all included programs, including the main Web2C-based TeX distributions. +

The source to all included programs, including the main Web2C-based TeX distributions.

texmf-dist
-

The principal tree; see

The principal tree; see TEXMFDIST below.

tlpkg
-

Scripts, programs and data for managing the installation, and special support for Windows.

-

For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file

Scripts, programs and data for managing the installation, and special support for Windows.

+

For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file doc.html may be helpful. The documentation for nearly everything (packages, formats, fonts, program manuals, man pages, Info files) is in texmf-dist/doc. You can use the texdoc program to find documentation wherever it is located. -

This TeX Live documentation itself is in

This TeX Live documentation itself is in texmf-dist/doc/texlive, available in several languages:

-

+

2.3 Overview of the predefined texmf trees

-

This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees used by the system, and their +

This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees used by the system, and their intended purpose, and the default layout of TeX Live. The command tlmgr conf shows the values of these variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular directories in your installation. -

All of the trees, including the personal ones, should follow the TeX Directory Structure (TDS, +

All of the trees, including the personal ones, should follow the TeX Directory Structure (TDS, https://tug.org/tds), with all its myriad subdirectories, or files may not be found. Section 3.4.6 (p. href="#x1-350003.4.6">43) describes this in more detail. The order here is the reverse order in which the trees are searched, that is, later trees in the list override earlier ones. -

+

TEXMFDIST
-

The tree which holds nearly all of the files in the original distribution—configuration files, scripts, +

The tree which holds nearly all of the files in the original distribution—configuration files, scripts, packages, fonts, etc. (The main exceptions are the per-platform executables, which are stored in a sibling directory bin/.) @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">bin/.) TEXMFSYSVAR

-

The (site-wide) tree used by

The (site-wide) tree used by texconfig-sys, updmap-sys and fmtutil-sys, and also by tlmgr, TEXMFSYSCONFIG

-

The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities

The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities texconfig-sys, updmap-sys, and fmtutil-sys to store @@ -624,19 +624,19 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys to store TEXMFLOCAL

-

The tree which administrators can use for system-wide installation of additional or updated +

The tree which administrators can use for system-wide installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.

TEXMFHOME
-

The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated macros, +

The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc. For each user, this variable points to their own individual directory.

TEXMFVAR
-

The (personal) tree used by

The (personal) tree used by texconfig, updmap-user and fmtutil-user to store (cached) runtime @@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-user to store (cached) runtime TEXMFCONFIG

-

The (personal) tree used by the utilities

The (personal) tree used by the utilities texconfig, updmap-sys, and fmtutil-sys to store @@ -654,67 +654,67 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys to store TEXMFCACHE

-

The tree(s) used by ConTeXt MkIV and LuaLaTeX to store (cached) runtime data; defaults to +

The tree(s) used by ConTeXt MkIV and LuaLaTeX to store (cached) runtime data; defaults to TEXMFSYSVAR, or (if that’s not writable), TEXMFVAR.

-

The default layout is: +

The default layout is:

-

+

system-wide root

-

can span multiple TeX Live releases (

can span multiple TeX Live releases (/usr/local/texlive by default on Unix):

2022
-

A previous release. +

A previous release.

2023
-

The current release. +

The current release.

bin
-

  +

 

i386-linux
-

GNU/Linux binaries (32-bit) +

GNU/Linux binaries (32-bit)

...
-

+

universal-darwin
-

macOS binaries +

macOS binaries

x86_64-linux
-

GNU/Linux binaries (64-bit) +

GNU/Linux binaries (64-bit)

windows
-

Windows binaries (64-bit)

+

Windows binaries (64-bit)

texmf-dist  
-

TEXMFDIST and TEXMFMAIN

@@ -723,39 +723,39 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var   
-

TEXMFSYSVAR, TEXMFCACHE

texmf-config
-

TEXMFSYSCONFIG

texmf-local
-

TEXMFLOCAL, intended to be retained from release to release.

-

+

user’s home directory

-

(

($HOME or %USERPROFILE%)

.texlive2022
-

Privately generated and configuration data for a previous release. +

Privately generated and configuration data for a previous release.

.texlive2023
-

Privately generated and configuration data for the current release. +

Privately generated and configuration data for the current release.

texmf-var   
-

TEXMFVAR, TEXMFCACHE

texmf-config
-

TEXMFCONFIG

texmf
-

TEXMFHOME Personal macros, etc.

-

+

2.4 Extensions to TeX

-

Knuth’s original TeX itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It is present in TeX Live as the program

Knuth’s original TeX itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It is present in TeX Live as the program tex, and will remain so for the foreseeable future. TeX Live also contains several extended versions of TeX (also known as TeX engines): -

+

-

+

e-TeX

-

adds a set of new primitives (related to macro expansion, character scanning, classes +

adds a set of new primitives (related to macro expansion, character scanning, classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the TeX--XE T extensions for bidirectional typesetting. In default mode, e-TeX is 100% compatible with ordinary TeX. See texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf.

-

+

pdfTeX

-

builds on the e-TeX extensions, +

builds on the e-TeX extensions, adding support for writing PDF output as well as DVI, and many non-output-related extensions. This is the program invoked for many common formats, e.g., etex, latex, pdflatex. Its web site is - pdflatex. Its web site is +http://www.pdftex.org/. See texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf for the manual, and texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/samplepdftex/samplepdf.tex for example usage of some of its features.

-

+

LuaTeX

-

adds support for Unicode input and OpenType/TrueType- and system fonts. It also incorporates - a Lua interpreter (

adds support for Unicode input and OpenType/TrueType- and system fonts. It also incorporates + a Lua interpreter (https://lua.org/), enabling solutions for many thorny TeX problems. When called as texlua, it functions as a standalone Lua interpreter. Its web site is - texlua, it functions as a standalone Lua interpreter. Its web site is +http://www.luatex.org/, and the reference manual is texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatex.pdf.

-

+

(e)(u)pTeX

-

have native support for Japanese typesetting requirements; pTeX is the basic engine, while the +

have native support for Japanese typesetting requirements; pTeX is the basic engine, while the e- variants add e-TeX functionality and u- add Unicode support.

-

+

XeTeX

-

adds support for Unicode input and OpenType/TrueType- and system fonts, implemented using - standard third-party libraries. See

adds support for Unicode input and OpenType/TrueType- and system fonts, implemented using + standard third-party libraries. See https://tug.org/xetex.

-

+

Omega (Omega)

-

is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus supports working with almost all the world’s scripts +

is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus supports working with almost all the world’s scripts simultaneously. It also supports so-called ‘Omega Translation Processes’ (OTPs), for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. Omega is no longer included in TeX Live as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:

-

+

Aleph

-

combines the Omega and e-TeX extensions. See

combines the Omega and e-TeX extensions. See texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base.

-

+

2.5 Other notable programs in TeX Live

-

Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in TeX Live: -

+

Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in TeX Live: +

bibtex, biber
-

bibliography support. +

bibliography support.

makeindex, upmendex, xindex, xindy
-

index support. +

index support.

dvips
-

convert DVI to PostScript. +

convert DVI to PostScript.

dvipdfmx
-

convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdfTeX (mentioned above). +

convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdfTeX (mentioned above).

xdvi
-

DVI previewer for the X Window System. +

DVI previewer for the X Window System.

dviconcat, dviselect
-

cut and paste pages from DVI files. +

cut and paste pages from DVI files.

psselect, psnup, …
-

PostScript utilities. +

PostScript utilities.

pdfjam, pdfjoin, …
-

PDF utilities. +

PDF utilities.

context, mtxrun
-

ConTeXt and PDF processor. +

ConTeXt and PDF processor.

htlatex, …
-

tex4ht: (LA )TeX to HTML (and XML and DocX and more) converter.

-

+

3 Installation

-

+

3.1 Starting the installer

-

To begin, get the TeX Collection DVD or download the TeX Live net installer. See +

To begin, get the TeX Collection DVD or download the TeX Live net installer. See https://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html for more information and other methods of getting the software. -

+

-

+

Net installer, .zip or .tar.gz:

-

Download from CTAN, - under systems/texlive/tlnet; the url

Download from CTAN, under systems/texlive/tlnet; the url + http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet - should redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror. You can retrieve either install-tl.zip which - can be used under Unix and Windows, or the considerably smaller install-unx.tar.gz for Unix - only. After unpacking, install-tl and http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet should redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, + mirror. You can retrieve either install-tl.zip which can be used under Unix and Windows, or + the considerably smaller install-unx.tar.gz for Unix only. After unpacking, install-tl and + install-tl-windows.bat will be in the install-tl - subdirectory. +class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl subdirectory.

-

+

Net installer, Windows .exe:

-

Download from CTAN as above, and double-click. This starts up a first-stage installer and +

Download from CTAN as above, and double-click. This starts up a first-stage installer and unpacker; see figure 1. It gives two choices: ‘Install’ and ‘Unpack only’.

-

+

TeX Collection DVD:

-

go to the DVD’s

go to the DVD’s texlive subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts automatically when you insert the DVD. You can get the DVD by becoming a member of a - TeX user group (highly recommended, https://tug.org/usergroups.html), or purchasing - it separately ( https://tug.org/store). You can burn your own DVD for TeX Live from the ISO image downloaded from CTAN. You can also mount the ISO directly on most systems. After + installing from DVD or ISO, if you want to get continuing updates from the Internet, please see - installing from DVD or ISO, if you want to get continuing updates from the Internet, please see section 3.4.3.

@@ -1003,7 +1002,7 @@ href="#x1-320003.4.3">3.4.3. id="x1-15001r1"> -

First stage of Windows .exe installer

@@ -1015,22 +1014,22 @@ href="#x1-18062r3">3. -

The same installer program is run, whatever the source. The most notable difference between the two is +

The same installer program is run, whatever the source. The most notable difference between the two is that with the net installer, what you end up with is the packages that are currently available. This is in contrast to the DVD and ISO images, which are not updated between the major public releases. -

If you need to download through proxies, use a

If you need to download through proxies, use a ~/.wgetrc file or environment variables with the proxy -settings for Wget ( https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/html_node/Proxies.html), or the equivalent for whatever download program you are using. This does not matter if you are installing from the DVD or ISO image. -

The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail. +

The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.

3.1.1 Unix
-

Below,

Below, > denotes the shell prompt; user input is bold. The install-tl program is a Perl script. The simplest @@ -1049,7 +1048,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">cd to the directory first, etc.; we won’t repeat all the variations.) You may have to enlarge your terminal window so that it shows the full text installer screen (figure 2). -

To install in GUI mode (figure 

To install in GUI mode (figure 4), you’ll need to have Tcl/Tk installed. Given that, you can run:

@@ -1062,7 +1061,7 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> install-tl -gui
-

The old

The old -wizard and -perltk/-expert options now do the same thing as  install-tl -help -

About Unix permissions: Your umask at the time of installation will be respected by the TeX Live installer. Therefore, if you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make sure your setting @@ -1086,15 +1085,15 @@ is sufficiently permissive, for instance, umask 002. For more information about umask, consult your system documentation. -

Special considerations for Cygwin: Unlike other Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default include all of the prerequisite programs needed by the TeX Live installer. See section 3.1.4. -

+

3.1.2 macOS
-

As mentioned in section 

As mentioned in section 2.1, a separate distribution is prepared for macOS, named MacTeX ( https://tug.org/mactex). We recommend using the na Live installer on macOS, because the native installer makes a few Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to allow easily switching between different TeX Live releases on Macs, using the so-called TeXDist data structure. -

MacTeX is firmly based on TeX Live, and the main TeX trees and binaries are precisely the same. It adds +

MacTeX is firmly based on TeX Live, and the main TeX trees and binaries are precisely the same. It adds a few extra folders with Mac-specific documentation and applications. -

+

3.1.3 Windows
-

If you are using the unpacked downloaded zip file, or the DVD installer failed to start automatically, +

If you are using the unpacked downloaded zip file, or the DVD installer failed to start automatically, double-click install-tl-windows.bat. -

You can also start the installer from the command-prompt. Below,

You can also start the installer from the command-prompt. Below, > denotes the prompt; user input is bold. If you are in the installer directory, run just:

@@ -1124,7 +1123,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">> install-tl-windows
-

Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:

+

Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:


install-tl-windows
class="ec-lmtt-10">D: is the optical drive. Figure 3 displays the initial basic screen of the GUI installer, which is the default for Windows. -

To install in text mode, use:

+

To install in text mode, use:


install-tl-windows -no-gui
-

For a complete listing of the various options:

+

For a complete listing of the various options:


install-tl-windows -help
-

Note. Add a .bat extension if the same directory also contains install-tl-windows.exe. This will not @@ -1363,7 +1362,7 @@ class="content">Main text installer screen (GNU/Linux)

Basic installer screen (Windows)

@@ -1381,7 +1380,7 @@ href="#x1-18063r4">4 id="x1-18063r4"> -

Advanced installer screen (GNU/Linux)

@@ -1390,11 +1389,11 @@ class="content">Advanced GUI installer screen (GNU/Linux) -

+

3.1.4 Cygwin
-

Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin’s

Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin’s setup.exe program to install the perl and wget @@ -1402,40 +1401,40 @@ packages if you have not already done so. The following additional packages are

  • -

    fontconfig [needed by XeTeX and LuaTeX]

  • -

    ghostscript [needed by various utilities]

  • -

    libXaw7 [needed by xdvi]

  • -

    ncurses [provides the clear command used by the installer]

-

+

3.1.5 The text installer
-

Figure 

Figure 2 displays the main text mode screen under Unix. The text installer is the default on Unix. -

This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at all. For instance, you cannot +

This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at all. For instance, you cannot tab around checkboxes or input fields. You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt and press the Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with adjusted content. -

The text installer interface is this primitive in order to make it run on as many platforms as possible, even +

The text installer interface is this primitive in order to make it run on as many platforms as possible, even with a minimal Perl. -

+

3.1.6 The graphical installer
-

The default graphical installer starts out simple, with just a few options; see figure 

The default graphical installer starts out simple, with just a few options; see figure 3. It can be started with

@@ -1448,19 +1447,19 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> -gui
The Advanced button gives access to most of the options of the text installer; see figure 4. -

The

The perltk/expert and wizard GUI options now invoke the regular graphical installer. -

+

3.2 Running the installer

-

The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a few notes about the various options +

The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a few notes about the various options and submenus. -

+

3.2.1 Binary systems menu (Unix only)
@@ -1668,7 +1667,7 @@ class="content">Binaries menu

Figure 

Figure 5 displays the text mode binaries menu. By default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed. From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other platforms as well. This can be useful if you are sharing a TeX tree across a network of heterogeneous machines, or for a dual-boot @@ -1799,7 +1798,7 @@ class="content">Scheme menu -

Figure 

Figure 6 displays the TeX Live scheme menu; from here, you choose a “scheme”, which is an overall set of package collections. The default full scheme installs everything available. This is recommended, but you can @@ -1821,7 +1820,7 @@ schemes. id="x1-24026r7"> -

Collections menu

@@ -1830,13 +1829,13 @@ class="content">Collections menu

You can refine your scheme selection with the ‘collections’ menu (figure 

You can refine your scheme selection with the ‘collections’ menu (figure 7, shown in GUI mode for a change). -

Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — in essence, a scheme consists of several collections, a +

Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — in essence, a scheme consists of several collections, a collection consists of one or more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in TeX Live) contains the actual TeX macro files, font files, and so on. -

If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the TeX Live Manager (

If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the TeX Live Manager (tlmgr) program after installation (see section 5); using that, you can control the installation at the package @@ -1844,7 +1843,7 @@ level.

3.2.3 Directories
-

The default layout is described in section 

The default layout is described in section 2.3, p. 9. The default installation directory is /usr/local/texlive/2023 @@ -1852,41 +1851,41 @@ on Unix and C:\texlive\2023 on Windows. This arrangement enables having many parallel TeX Live installations, such as one for each release (typically by year, as here), and you can switch between them merely by altering your search path. -

That installation directory can be overridden by setting the so-called

That installation directory can be overridden by setting the so-called TEXDIR in the installer. The GUI screen for this and other options is shown in figure 4. The most common reasons to change it are either lacking enough disk space in that partition (the full TeX Live needs several gigabytes), or lacking write permission for the default location (you don’t have to be root or administrator to install TeX Live, but you do need write access to the target directory). -

On Windows, you normally do not need to be an administrator to create

On Windows, you normally do not need to be an administrator to create C:\texlive\2023 (or, more generally, %SystemDrive%\texlive\2023). -

The installation directories can also be changed by setting a variety of environment variables before running +

The installation directories can also be changed by setting a variety of environment variables before running the installer (most likely, TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX or TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR); see the documentation from install-tl --help (available online at  --help (available online at https://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html) for the full list and more details. -

A reasonable alternative destination is a directory under your home, especially if you will be the sole user. +

A reasonable alternative destination is a directory under your home, especially if you will be the sole user. Use ‘~’ to indicate this, as in ‘~/texlive/2023’. -

We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different releases of TeX Live side by side. +

We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different releases of TeX Live side by side. (You may wish to also maintain a version-independent name, such as /usr/local/texlive-cur, via a symbolic link, which you can then repoint after testing the new release.) -

Changing

Changing TEXDIR in the installer will also change TEXMFLOCAL, TEXMFSYSVAR and TEXMFSYSCONFIG. -

TEXMFHOME is the recommended location for personal macro files or packages. The default value is ~/texmf ($HOME on Unix and class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE% on Windows. Special redundant note: TEXMFHOME, like all trees, must be organized according to the TDS, or files may not be found. -

TEXMFVAR is the location for storing most cached runtime data specific to each user. TEXMFCACHE is the variable name used for that purpose by LuaLaTeX and ConTeXt MkIV (see section 43); its default value is TEXMFSYSVAR, or (if that’s not writable), TEXMFVAR. -

+

3.2.4 Options
@@ -2092,48 +2091,48 @@ class="content">Options menu (Unix)

Figure 

Figure 8 shows the text mode options menu. More info on each:

-

+

use letter size instead of A4 by default:

-

The default paper size selection. Of course, individual documents can and should specify a specific +

The default paper size selection. Of course, individual documents can and should specify a specific paper size, if desired.

-

+

execution of restricted list of programs:

-

As of TeX Live 2010, execution of a few external programs is allowed by default. The (very short) +

As of TeX Live 2010, execution of a few external programs is allowed by default. The (very short) list of allowed programs is given in the texmf.cnf. See the 2010 news (section 9.1.7) for more details.

-

+

create all format files:

-

We recommend leaving this option checked, to avoid unnecessary problems when creating formats +

We recommend leaving this option checked, to avoid unnecessary problems when creating formats dynamically. See the fmtutil documentation for more details.

-

+

install font/macro … tree:

-

Download/install the documentation and source files included in most packages. Unchecking is +

Download/install the documentation and source files included in most packages. Unchecking is not recommended.

-

+

create symlinks in standard directories:

-

This option (Unix only) bypasses the need to change environment variables. Without this option, +

This option (Unix only) bypasses the need to change environment variables. Without this option, TeX Live directories usually have to be added to PATH, MANPATH and /usr/local/bin, which don’t already contain any TeX files. Do not overwrite existing files on your system with this option, e.g., by specifying system directories. The safest and recommended approach is to leave the option unchecked.

-

+

after install, set CTAN as source for package updates:

-

When installing from DVD, this option is enabled by default, since usually one wants to take +

When installing from DVD, this option is enabled by default, since usually one wants to take any subsequent package updates from the CTAN area that is updated throughout the year. The only likely reason to disable it is if you install only a subset from the DVD and plan to augment the installation later. In any case, the package repository for the installer, and for updates after installation, can be set independently as needed; see section 3.3.1 and section 3.4.3.

-

Windows-specific options, as displayed in the advanced GUI interface: +

Windows-specific options, as displayed in the advanced GUI interface:

-

+

adjust searchpath

-

This ensures that all programs will see the TeX Live binary directory on their search path. +

This ensures that all programs will see the TeX Live binary directory on their search path.

-

+

add menu shortcuts

-

If set, there will be a TeX Live submenu of the Start menu. There is a third option ‘Launcher +

If set, there will be a TeX Live submenu of the Start menu. There is a third option ‘Launcher entry’ besides ‘TeX Live menu’ and ‘No shortcuts’. This option is described in section 4.1.

-

+

File associations

-

The options are ‘Only new’ (create file associations, but do not overwrite existing ones), ‘All’ and +

The options are ‘Only new’ (create file associations, but do not overwrite existing ones), ‘All’ and ‘None’.

-

+

install TeXworks front end

-

+

-

When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ in the text interface, or press the ‘Install’ button in the +

When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ in the text interface, or press the ‘Install’ button in the GUI, to start the installation process. When it is done, skip to section 3.4 to read what else needs to be done, if anything.

3.3 Command-line install-tl options

-

Type

+

Type


 -help class="ec-lmtt-10">- or -- can be used to introduce option names. These are the most common ones: -

+

-gui
-

Use the GUI installer if possible. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This was distributed - with macOS, until Monterey; after that, you’ll need to install Tcl/Tk yourself, if you don’t choose +

Use the GUI installer if possible. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This was distributed + with older macOS; for Big Sur and later, you’ll need to install Tcl/Tk yourself, if you don’t choose to use the MacTeX installer. Tcl/Tk is distributed with TeX Live on Windows. The legacy options -gui=perltk and -gui=wizard are still available but invoke the same GU -no-gui

-

Force using the text mode installer. +

Force using the text mode installer.

-lang LL
-

Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries +

Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries to automatically determine the right language but if it fails, or if the right language is not available, then it uses English as a fallback. Run install-tl --help to get the list of available la -portable

-

Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with +

Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with the V command, and from the GUI installer. See section 4.2. @@ -2245,7 +2244,7 @@ href="#x1-420004.2">4.2. class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile file

-

Load the installation profile

Load the installation profile file and do the installation with no user interaction. The installer always writes a file texlive.profile to the tlpkg subdirectory of your installation. That file ca class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository url-or-directory

-

Specify package repository from which to install; see following. -

+

Specify package repository from which to install; see following. +

-in-place
-

(Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you - are doing.) If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of TeX Live (see -

(Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you + are doing.) If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of TeX Live (see +https://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html) then this option will use what you’ve got, as-is, and do only the necessary post-install actions. Be warned that the file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb may be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility. Also, package removal has to be done manually. This option cannot be toggled via the installer interface.

-

+

3.3.1 The -repository option
-

The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via

The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via http://mirror.ctan.org. -

If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with

If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with ftp:, http:, https:, ftp: location, trailing ‘/’ characters and/or a trailing ‘/tlpkg’ component are ignored.) -

For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like: +

For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like: http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/, substituting a real hostname and its particular top-level CTAN path for ctan.example.org/tex-archive. The list of CTAN mirrors is -maintained at https://ctan.org/mirrors. -

If the given argument is local (either a path or a

If the given argument is local (either a path or a file:/ url), compressed files in an archive subdirectory of the repository path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well). -

+

3.4 Post-install actions

-

Some post-installation may be required. -

+

Some post-installation may be required. +

3.4.1 Environment variables for Unix
-

If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section 

If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section 3.2.4), then there is no need to edit environment variables. Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries for your platform must be added to the search path. (On Windows, the installer takes care of this.) -

Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under

Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under TEXDIR/bin. See figure 5 for the list of subdirectories and corresponding platforms. -

Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if +

Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find them. The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to PATH. -

For Bourne-compatible shells such as

For Bourne-compatible shells such as bash, and using Intel x86 GNU/Linux and the TeX Live default directory setup as an example, the file to edit might be $HOME/.profile (or another file sourced by .profile), and the lines to add would look like this: -

+

 MANPATH
 class="ec-lmtt-9">INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2023/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
-

For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically

For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically $HOME/.cshrc, and the lines to add might look like: -

+

 /usr/local/texlive/2023/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH
 class="ec-lmtt-9">setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2023/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH
-

If you’re not on an

If you’re not on an x86_64-linux platform, use the appropriate platform name; similarly, if you didn’t install in the default directory, change the directory name. The TeX Live installer reports the full lines to use at the end of installation. -

If you already have

If you already have PATH settings somewhere in your startup files, merge in the TeX Live directories as you see fit. -

+

3.4.2 Environment variables: Global configuration
-

If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on +

If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation between systems in how and where these things are configured. -

Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file

Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file /etc/manpath.config and, if present, add lines such as -

+

  /usr/local/texlive/2023/texmf-dist/doc/man
-

And 2) check for a file

And 2) check for a file /etc/environment which may define the search path and other default environment variables. -

In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named

In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named man to the directory texmf-dist/doc/man. Some man programs, such as the standard macOS man, will automatically find that, obviating the need for any man page setup. -

+

3.4.3 Internet updates after DVD installation
-

If you installed TeX Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this +

If you installed TeX Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this command—after you’ve updated your search path (as described in the previous section):

@@ -2443,38 +2442,38 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet
-

This tells

This tells tlmgr to use a nearby CTAN mirror for future updates. This is done by default when installing from DVD, via the option described in section 3.2.4. -

If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from -the list at

If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from +the list at https://ctan.org/mirrors. Use the exact path to the tlnet subdir on that mirror, as shown above. -

+

3.4.4 System font configuration for XeTeX and LuaTeX
-

XeTeX and LuaTeX can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the TeX trees. Such system +

XeTeX and LuaTeX can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the TeX trees. Such system fonts (not part of TeX Live) are usually accessed by giving the font name, e.g., ‘Liberation Serif’, although the system filename can also be used. -

A related issue is making the fonts from the TeX Live distribution available as system fonts, which will in +

A related issue is making the fonts from the TeX Live distribution available as system fonts, which will in turn make them available by font name. -

For LuaTeX: for access by font name, nothing special need be done. All fonts in TeX Live should be +

For LuaTeX: for access by font name, nothing special need be done. All fonts in TeX Live should be equally accessible by either font name or filename to LuaTeX, via the luaotfload package, which supports both LaTeX and plain TeX. The luaotfload font name index may need to be rebuilt for new fonts; this is triggered automatically when trying to load a font which isn’t known yet. -

For XeTeX: on Windows, fonts shipped with TeX Live are automatically made available (by +

For XeTeX: on Windows, fonts shipped with TeX Live are automatically made available (by running the fc-cache program provided for Windows as part of TeX Live). For the Mac, you’ll need to consult other documentation. For Unix systems other than macOS, the procedure is the following. -

When the

When the xetex package is installed (either at initial installation or later), the necessary configuration file is created in TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf. To make the TeX Live fonts available as @@ -2482,22 +2481,22 @@ system fonts,

  1. -

    Copy that

    Copy that texlive-fontconfig.conf file to (typically) /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf.

  2. -

    Run

    Run fc-cache -fsv.

-

If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you want to make the TeX Live +

If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you want to make the TeX Live fonts available to only one user, you can do the following:

  1. -

    Copy the

    Copy the texlive-fontconfig.conf file to (typically) ~/.fonts.conf.d/09-texlive.conf, where ~ is your home directory.

  2. -

    Run

    Run fc-cache -fv.

-

You can run

You can run fc-list to see the names of the available system fonts. The incantation fc-list : family style file spacing (all those arguments are literal strings) shows some generally interesting information. -

+

3.4.5 ConTeXt Mark IV
-

Both the ‘old’ ConTeXt (Mark II) and the ‘new’ ConTeXt (Mark IV) should run out of the box after TeX -Live installation, and should need no special attention as long as you stick to using ConTeXt LMTX and MKIV +

Both the ‘old’ ConTeXt (Mark IV or MKIV) and the ‘new’ ConTeXt (LMTX) should run out of the box after +TeX Live installation, and should need no special attention as long as you stick to using tlmgr for updates. -

However, because ConTeXt MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever -you install new files manually (without using tlmgr). After each such installation, each MkIV user must +

However, because ConTeXt does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever you +install new files manually (without using tlmgr). After each such installation, each user must run: 

context --generate
-

to refresh the ConTeXt disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under TEXMFCACHE, whose default value in -TeX Live is

for LMTX, and +

+ 
context --luatex --generate
+

for MKIV, to refresh the ConTeXt disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under TEXMFCACHE, whose default +value in TeX Live is TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR. -

ConTeXt MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in

ConTeXt will read from all paths mentioned in TEXMFCACHE, and write to the first path that is writable. While reading, the last found match will take precedence in the case of duplicated cache data. -

For more information, see

For more information, see https://wiki.contextgarden.net/LMTX
and https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV. -

+

3.4.6 Integrating local and personal macros
-

This is already mentioned implicitly in section 

This is already mentioned implicitly in section 2.3: TEXMFLOCAL (by default, /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local @@ -2560,7 +2569,7 @@ new TeX Live release. Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the defini class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL to be too far away from the main TeX Live directory, or you will need to manually change future releases. -

For both trees, files should be placed in their proper TeX Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see +

For both trees, files should be placed in their proper TeX Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see https://tug.org/tds or consult TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex or TEXMFHOME/tex/latex, or a subdirectory thereof. -

TEXMFLOCAL requires an up-to-date filename database, or files will not be found. You can update it with the command mktexlsr or use the ‘Update filename database’ button on the ‘Actions’ tab of the TeX Live Manager GUI. -

By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast +

By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast requirement. If you need to easily switch back and forth between different versions of large packages, for example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own purposes. This is done by setting TEXMFHOME to the list @@ -2583,56 +2592,56 @@ of directories, within braces, separated by commas: 

-   
  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
-

-

Section 

+

Section 7.1.5 describes brace expansion further. -

+

3.4.7 Integrating third-party fonts
-

This is unfortunately a messy topic for TeX and pdfTeX. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many +

This is unfortunately a messy topic for TeX and pdfTeX. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many details of the TeX installation. Many fonts are included in TeX Live already, so take a look if you like; the web -pages under https://tug.org/FontCatalogue display nearly all of the text fonts included in the main TeX distributions, categorized in various ways. -

If you do want to install your own fonts, see

If you do want to install your own fonts, see https://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html for our best effort at describing the procedure. -

Also consider using XeTeX or LuaTeX (see section 

Also consider using XeTeX or LuaTeX (see section 2.4), which let you use operating system fonts without any installation in TeX. (But beware that using system fonts usually makes your document sources unusable by anyone in a different environment.) -

+

3.5 Testing the installation

-

After installing TeX Live, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/ +

After installing TeX Live, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/ or fonts. -

One thing you may immediately be looking for is a front-end with which to edit files. TeX Live installs -TeXworks (

One thing you may immediately be looking for is a front-end with which to edit files. TeX Live installs +TeXworks (https://tug.org/texworks) on Windows (only), and MacTeX installs TeXShop ( https://pages.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop). On other Unix systems, it’s left up to you to choose an -editor. There are many choices available, some of which are listed in the next section; see also +editor. There are many choices available, some of which are listed in the next section; see also https://tug.org/interest.html#editors. Any plain text editor will work; something TeX-specific is not required. -

The rest of this section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give +

The rest of this section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix commands here; under macOS and Windows, you’re more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but the principles are the same. -

+

  1. -

    Make sure that you can run the

    Make sure that you can run the tex program in the first place:

    @@ -2663,7 +2672,7 @@ href="#x1-300003.4.1">41.
  2. -

    Process a basic LaTeX file, generating PDF:

    +

    Process a basic LaTeX file, generating PDF:


    75.)
  3. -

    Preview the PDF file, for example:

    +

    Preview the PDF file, for example:


     sample2e.pdf
    You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of LaTeX. (It’s well worth reading, by the way, if you’re new to TeX.) -

    Of course there are many other PDF viewers; on Unix systems,

    Of course there are many other PDF viewers; on Unix systems, evince and okular are commonly used. For Windows, - we recommend trying Sumatra PDF ( https://www.sumatrapdfreader.org/free-pdf-reader.html). No PDF viewers are included in TeX Live, so you must install whatever you want to use @@ -2726,7 +2735,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">https://www.sumatrapdfreader.org/free-pdf-reader.html<

  4. -

    Of course you can still generate TeX’s original DVI format:

    +

    Of course you can still generate TeX’s original DVI format:


     sample2e.tex
  5. -

    And preview the DVI online:

    +

    And preview the DVI online:


    Can’t open display’.
  6. -

    To create a PostScript file from the DVI:

    +

    To create a PostScript file from the DVI:


     sample2e.ps
  7. -

    Or to create PDF from the DVI, an alternate path to using pdfTeX (or XeTeX or LuaTeX) which can +

    Or to create PDF from the DVI, an alternate path to using pdfTeX (or XeTeX or LuaTeX) which can be useful sometimes:

    @@ -2802,35 +2811,35 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.pdf
  8. -

    Other standard test files you may find useful in addition to

    Other standard test files you may find useful in addition to sample2e.tex: -

    +

    small2e.tex
    -

    A simpler document than

    A simpler document than sample2e, to reduce the input size if you’re having troubles.

    testpage.tex
    -

    Test if your printer introduces any offsets. +

    Test if your printer introduces any offsets.

    nfssfont.tex
    -

    For printing font tables and tests. +

    For printing font tables and tests.

    testfont.tex
    -

    Also for font tables, but using plain TeX. +

    Also for font tables, but using plain TeX.

    story.tex
    -

    The most canonical (plain) TeX test file of all. You must type ‘

    The most canonical (plain) TeX test file of all. You must type ‘\bye’ to the * prompt after ‘tex story.tex’.

  9. -

    If you have installed the

    If you have installed the xetex package, you can test its access to system fonts as follows:

    @@ -2871,17 +2880,17 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> on opentype-info.log.
-

If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you +

If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you need to configure your system so that the fonts shipped with TeX Live can be found. See section 3.4.4.

-

+

3.6 Uninstalling TeX Live

-

To uninstall TeX Live (after a successful installation): +

To uninstall TeX Live (after a successful installation; for Windows, see below):

@@ -2894,107 +2903,107 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> uninstall --all
-

You will be asked for confirmation, else nothing will be done. (Without

You will be asked for confirmation, else nothing will be done. (Without --all, the uninstall action is used to remove individual packages.) -

This does not remove user-specific directories, namely (see also section 

This does not remove user-specific directories, namely (see also section 2.3): -

+

TEXMFCONFIG
-

This is intended for user configuration changes. If you want to preserve them, be sure you know +

This is intended for user configuration changes. If you want to preserve them, be sure you know how to recreate them before removing.

TEXMFVAR
-

This is intended to store automatically-generated runtime data, such as local format files. Unless +

This is intended to store automatically-generated runtime data, such as local format files. Unless you’ve used it for other purposes, it should be safe to remove.

TEXMFHOME
-

Contains only files you yourself installed, typically those not available in the distributions. Unless +

Contains only files you yourself installed, typically those not available in the distributions. Unless you are completely stopping using TeX, or want to start over from scratch, you probably don’t want to remove this.

-

You can find the directory paths for these variables by running

You can find the directory paths for these variables by running kpsewhich -var-value=var. -

This

This tlmgr uninstallation also does not undo post-install actions, such as PATH changes in your shell initialization files and system access to the fonts in TeX Live (see section 3.4). You must manually reverse such actions, if desired. -

On Windows, uninstallation can be done through the GUI; see section 

On Windows, uninstallation can be done through the GUI; see section 6.1. -

+

3.7 Links for additional downloadable software

-

If you are new to TeX, or otherwise need help with actually writing TeX or LaTeX documents, please visit +

If you are new to TeX, or otherwise need help with actually writing TeX or LaTeX documents, please visit https://tug.org/begin.html for some introductory resources. -

Links for some other tools you may consider installing: +

Links for some other tools you may consider installing:

-

+

Ghostscript

-

https://ghostscript.com/, a free PostScript and PDF interpreter.

-

+

Perl

-

https://perl.org/ with supplementary packages from CPAN, https://perl.org/ with supplementary packages from CPAN, https://cpan.org/.

-

+

ImageMagick

-

https://imagemagick.org, for graphics processing and conversion.

-

+

NetPBM

-

http://netpbm.sourceforge.net, also for graphics.

-

+

TeX-oriented editors

-

There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the user’s taste. Here is a selection in alphabetical order (a +

There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the user’s taste. Here is a selection in alphabetical order (a few here are for Windows only).

-

For a much longer list of packages and programs, see

For a much longer list of packages and programs, see https://tug.org/interest.html. -

+

4 Specialized installations

-

The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized +

The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized cases. -

+

4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations

-

TeX Live has been designed to be shared between different systems on a network. With a standard directory +

TeX Live has been designed to be shared between different systems on a network. With a standard directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the locations for files needed by TeX Live programs are found relative to the programs. You can see this in the principal configuration file $TEXMFDIST/web2c/texmf.cnf, which contains lines such as

- 
TEXMFROOT =...
 class="ec-lmtt-9">TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOGRANDPARENT/texmf-local
-

This means that adding the directory for TeX Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient +

This means that adding the directory for TeX Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient to get a working setup. -

By the same token, you can also install TeX Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to a +

By the same token, you can also install TeX Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location. -

For Windows, TeX Live includes a launcher

For Windows, TeX Live includes a launcher tlaunch. Its main window contains menu entries and buttons for various TeX-related programs and documentation, customizable via an ini file. On first @@ -3111,23 +3120,23 @@ class="ec-lmri-10">i.e., search path modification and file associations, but only for the current user. Therefore, workstations with access to TeX Live on the local network only need a menu shortcut for the launcher. See the tlaunch manual (texdoc tlaunch, or +class="ec-lmtt-10">texdoc tlaunch, or https://ctan.org/pkg/tlaunch). -

+

4.2 Portable (USB) installations

-

The

The -portable installer option (or V command in the text installer or corresponding GUI option) creates a completely self-contained TeX Live installation under a common root and forgoes system integration. You can create such an installation directly on a USB stick, or copy it to a USB stick afterwards. -

Technically, the portable installation is made self-contained by setting the default values of

Technically, the portable installation is made self-contained by setting the default values of TEXMFHOME, TEXMFVAR, and TEXMFLOCAL, TEXMFSYSVAR, and TEXMFSYSCONFIG respectively; thus, per-user configuration and caches will not be created. -

To run TeX using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory to the search +

To run TeX using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory to the search path during your terminal session, as usual. -

On Windows, you can double-click

On Windows, you can double-click tl-tray-menu at the root of the installation and create a temporary ‘tray menu’ offering a choice of a few common tasks, as shown in this screenshot: -

Windows tray menu -

The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu. -

+

The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu. +

5 tlmgr: Managing your installation

id="x1-43001r9"> -

tlshell GUI, showing the Actions menu (macOS)

@@ -3176,7 +3185,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlshell GUI, showing the Actions menu (macOS) -

tlcockpit GUI for tlmgr

@@ -3195,7 +3204,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr

Legacy tlmgr GUI mode: main window, after ‘Load’

@@ -3205,25 +3214,25 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr GUI mode: main window, after ‘Load’< -

TeX Live includes a program named

TeX Live includes a program named tlmgr for managing TeX Live after the initial installation. Its capabilities include:

  • -

    installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling individual packages, optionally taking +

    installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling individual packages, optionally taking dependencies into account;

  • -

    searching for and listing packages and their descriptions; +

    searching for and listing packages and their descriptions;

  • -

    listing, adding, and removing platforms; +

    listing, adding, and removing platforms;

  • -

    changing installation options such as paper size and source location (see section 

    changing installation options such as paper size and source location (see section 3.3.1).

-

tlmgr’s functionality completely subsumes the texconfig program. We still distribute and maintain texconfig @@ -3233,15 +3242,15 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr nowadays.

5.1 GUI interfaces for tlmgr

-

TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for

TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for tlmgr. Two notable ones: (1) Figure 9 shows tlshell, which is -written in Tcl/Tk and runs out of the box under Windows and macOS; (2) Figure 10 shows tlcockpit, which -requires Java version 8 or higher and JavaFX. Both are separate packages. -

tlcockpit, which requires Java +version 8 or higher and JavaFX. Both are separate packages. +

tlmgr also has a native GUI mode (shown in figure 11), which is started with:

@@ -3254,12 +3263,12 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> -gui
However, this GUI extension requires Perl/Tk, which module is no longer included in TeX Live’s Perl distribution for Windows. -

+

5.2 Sample tlmgr command-line invocations

-

After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with: +

After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:

@@ -3292,7 +3301,7 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> update -list
-

This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory: +

This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory:

@@ -3309,7 +3318,7 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10"> install collection-xetex
It generates the following output (abridged): - 
install: collection-xetex 
@@ -3378,11 +3387,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-8"> xelatex.log.
 class="ec-lmtt-8">fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2023/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
-

As you can see,

As you can see, tlmgr installs dependencies, and takes care of any necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database and (re)generating formats. In the above, we generated new formats for XeTeX. -

To describe a package (or collection or scheme):

+

To describe a package (or collection or scheme):


 show collection-latexextra
which produces output like this: - 
package:     657941k
-

Last and most important, for full documentation see

Last and most important, for full documentation see https://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html, or:

@@ -3460,41 +3469,41 @@ class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr -help
-

+

6 Notes on Windows

-

+

6.1 Windows-specific features

-

Under Windows, the installer does some extra things: +

Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:

-

+

Menus and shortcuts.

-

A new ‘TeX Live’ submenu of the Start menu is installed. This contains entries for some GUI +

A new ‘TeX Live’ submenu of the Start menu is installed. This contains entries for some GUI programs, such as tlshell (a GUI for tlmgr) and dviout, and some entries for documentation.

-

+

File associations.

-

If enabled,

If enabled, TeXworks and Dviout become either the default program for their respective filetypes, or get an entry in the ‘Open with’ right-click menus of those filetypes. However, higher-priority ‘User Choice’ file associations, which can only be specified interactively, can get in the way.

-

+

PostScript support.

-

For PostScript files, a PSviewer filetype now converts PostScript to a temporary PDF, which is +

For PostScript files, a PSviewer filetype now converts PostScript to a temporary PDF, which is then displayed by the default PDF viewer. Various bitmapped formats get an entry bitmap2eps in their ‘Open with’ right-click menu for converting to EPS, letting sam2p or bmeps do the real work.

-

+

Automatic path adjustment.

-

No manual configuration steps are required. +

No manual configuration steps are required.

-

+

Uninstaller.

-

The installer creates an entry for TeX Live, either under ‘Add/Remove Programs’ (admin +

The installer creates an entry for TeX Live, either under ‘Add/Remove Programs’ (admin installation) or under the TeX Live menu (single-user installation).

-

+

Write-protect.

-

For an admin installation, the TeX Live directories are write-protected, at least if TeX Live is +

For an admin installation, the TeX Live directories are write-protected, at least if TeX Live is installed on a normal NTFS-formatted non-removable disk.

-

Also, have a look at

Also, have a look at tlaunch, described in section 4.1, for a different approach. -

+

6.2 Additional software included on Windows

-

To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support programs that are not commonly found on a Windows +

To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support programs that are not commonly found on a Windows machine. TeX Live provides the missing pieces. These programs are all installed as part of TeX Live only on Windows. -

+

-

+

Perl, Tcl/Tk and Ghostscript.

-

Because of the importance of Perl and Ghostscript, and because the installer and tlshell GUIs are +

Because of the importance of Perl and Ghostscript, and because the installer and tlshell GUIs are written in Tcl/Tk, TeX Live includes ‘hidden’ copies of these programs. TeX Live programs that need them know where to find them, but they don’t betray their presence through environment variables or registry settings. They aren’t full-scale installations (except for Ghostscript), and @@ -3548,28 +3557,28 @@ class="description"> href="#x1-490006.3">6.3 how to tell TeX Live that you want to use your own external installations for contributed scripts within TeX Live.

-

+

dviout.

-

Also installed is

Also installed is dviout, a DVI viewer. At first, when you preview files with dviout, it will create fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window. More information can be found in the (highly recommended) on-line help.

-

+

TeXworks.

-

TeXworks is a TeX-oriented editor with an integrated PDF viewer. +

TeXworks is a TeX-oriented editor with an integrated PDF viewer.

-

+

Command-line tools.

-

A number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs are installed along with +

A number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs are installed along with the usual TeX Live binaries. These include gzip, zip, poppler suite class="ec-lmss-10">pdfinfo, pdffonts, …).

-

+

fc-list, fc-cache, …

-

The tools from the

The tools from the fontconfig library allow XeTeX to find system fonts on Windows. You can use fc-list to determine the font names to pass to XeTeX’s extended \font command. If necessary, class="ec-lmss-10">fc-cache first to update font information.

-

+

6.3 Using external Perl, Tcl/Tk and Ghostscript installations

-

Normally, TeX Live will use its built-in Perl, Tcl/Tk and Ghostscript also for contributed scripts within TeX +

Normally, TeX Live will use its built-in Perl, Tcl/Tk and Ghostscript also for contributed scripts within TeX Live. If you wish to use your own external versions, then you can configure that in the texmf.cnf file in the root of the installation. -

For Perl, you need to add a line +

For Perl, you need to add a line 

-   
TEXLIVE_WINDOWS_TRY_EXTERNAL_PERL = 1
-

TeX Live (specifically,

TeX Live (specifically, bin/windows/runscript.tlu) will then search for perl.exe on the search path, except for scripts which belong to the TeX Live infrastructure. This is the most likely setting of the three to be useful; although the TeX Live Perl includes many additional modules, it cannot support all third-party scripts. -

Similarly, for Tcl/Tk you need a line +

Similarly, for Tcl/Tk you need a line 

-   
TEXLIVE_WINDOWS_TRY_EXTERNAL_TCL = 1
-

TeX Live will then search for

TeX Live will then search for tclkit.exe, wish.exe, wish85.exe, wish86.exe and wish87.exe on the searchpath. -

Ghostscript is handled differently, in that you need to specify the filename or the full path of your +

Ghostscript is handled differently, in that you need to specify the filename or the full path of your command-line Ghostscript:

@@ -3649,25 +3658,25 @@ class="ec-lmro-10"> ghostscript
Another difference is that the Ghostscript shipped with TeX Live is complete, with only documentation and printer drivers omitted. So it’s unlikely you’ll have any need to override it. -

See also section

See also section 7.1.2 about texmf.cnf. -

+

6.4 User Profile is Home

-

The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the

The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the %USERPROFILE% directory. Under Windows Vista and later it is C:\Users\<username>. In the texmf.cnf file, and Kpathsea in general, ~ will expand appropriately on both Windows and Unix. -

+

6.5 The Windows registry

-

Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically +

Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, 6.4). HKLM is normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory. -

In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information, +

In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information, for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables permanently also requires registry access. -

+

6.6 Windows permissions

-

In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the +

In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to almost the entire operating system. We have made an effort to make TeX Live installable without administrative privileges. -

If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If +

If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users, and the system search path is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are created for the current user, and the user search path is modified. -

Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always +

Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always under %SystemDrive%. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current user. -

A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since +

A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since the effective search path consists of the system search path followed by the user search path, the new TeX Live would never get precedence. As a fallback, the installer creates a shortcut to the command-prompt in which the new TeX Live binary directory is prepended to the local search path. The new TeX @@ -3705,29 +3714,29 @@ installed, also prepends TeX Live to the search path, so it should also be immun problem. -

You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for +

You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice ‘Run as administrator’. -

+

6.7 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin

-

Windows and Cygwin (see section 

Windows and Cygwin (see section 3.1.4 for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of memory when running some of the programs shipped with TeX Live. For example, asy might run out of memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and LuaTeX might run out of memory if you try to process a document with a lot of big fonts. -

For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin -User’s Guide (

For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin +User’s Guide (https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html). -

For Windows, you have to create a file, say

For Windows, you have to create a file, say moremem.reg, with these four lines: -

+

- 
Windows Registry[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
 "heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
-

and then execute the command

and then execute the command regedit /s moremem.reg as administrator. (If you want to change memory only for the current user instead of system-wide, use HKEY_CURRENT_USER.) -

+

7 A user’s guide to Web2C

-

Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc. -It is the heart of TeX Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is +

Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc. +It is the heart of TeX Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is https://tug.org/web2c. -

A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first +

A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first TeX-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in 2006. -

The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, macOS, and other operating systems. +

The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, macOS, and other operating systems. It uses Knuth’s original sources for TeX and other basic programs written in the WEB literate programming system and translates them into C source code. The core TeX programs handled in this way are: -

+

bibtex
-

Maintaining bibliographies. +

Maintaining bibliographies.

dvicopy
-

Expands virtual font references in DVI files. +

Expands virtual font references in DVI files.

dvitomp
-

DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures). +

DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).

dvitype
-

DVI to human-readable text. +

DVI to human-readable text.

gftodvi
-

Generic font proofsheets. +

Generic font proofsheets.

gftopk
-

Generic to packed fonts. +

Generic to packed fonts.

gftype
-

GF to human-readable text. +

GF to human-readable text.

mf
-

Creating typeface families. +

Creating typeface families.

mft
-

Prettyprinting Metafont source. +

Prettyprinting Metafont source.

mpost
-

Creating technical diagrams. +

Creating technical diagrams.

patgen
-

Creating hyphenation patterns. +

Creating hyphenation patterns.

pktogf
-

Packed to generic fonts. +

Packed to generic fonts.

pktype
-

PK to human-readable text. +

PK to human-readable text.

pltotf
-

Plain text property list to TFM. +

Plain text property list to TFM.

pooltype
-

Display

Display WEB pool files.

tangle
-

WEB to Pascal.

tex
-

Typesetting. +

Typesetting.

tftopl
-

TFM to plain text property list. +

TFM to plain text property list.

vftovp
-

Virtual font to virtual property list. +

Virtual font to virtual property list.

vptovf
-

Virtual property list to virtual font. +

Virtual property list to virtual font.

weave
-

WEB to TeX.

-

The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual +

The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will help you take advantage of your Web2C installation. -

All programs honor these standard GNU options: +

All programs honor these standard GNU options:

--help
-

print basic usage summary. +

print basic usage summary.

--version
-

print version information, then exit.

-

And most also honor: +

print version information, then exit.

+

And most also honor:

--verbose
-

print detailed progress report.

+

print detailed progress report.

-

For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (

For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (https://tug.org/kpathsea). This library uses a combination of environment variables and configuration files to optimize searching the @@ -3908,12 +3917,12 @@ maintaining TeX’s standard distribution and local and personal extensions in d searches, the root of each tree has a file ls-R, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that root. -

+

7.1 Kpathsea path searching

-

Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. -

We call a

Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. +

We call a search path a colon- or semicolon-separated list of path elements, which are basically directory names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file ‘.:/dir’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file, then /dir/my-file, returning the first match (or possibly all matches). -

In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use +

In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use filename separators different from colon (‘:’) and slash (‘/’). -

To check a particular path element

To check a particular path element p, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database” on page 72) applies to p, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of p. If so, the path specification is matched against the contents of the database. -

Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional +

Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea expands a path element, meaning it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following sections in the same order as it takes place. -

Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘

Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘/’ or ‘./’ or ‘../’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists. -

+

7.1.1 Path sources
-

A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: -

+

A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: +

  1. -

    A user-set environment variable, for instance,

    A user-set environment variable, for instance, TEXINPUTS. Environment variables with a period and a program name appended override; e.g., if ‘latex’ is the name of the program being run, @@ -3964,51 +3973,51 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.

  2. -

    A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘

    A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘S /a:/b’ in dvips’s config.ps.

  3. -

    A Kpathsea configuration file

    A Kpathsea configuration file texmf.cnf, containing a line like ‘TEXINPUTS=/c:/d’ (see below).

  4. -

    The compile-time default.

-

You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” +

The compile-time default.

+

You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” on page 75). -

+

7.1.2 Config files
-

Kpathsea reads

Kpathsea reads runtime configuration files named texmf.cnf for search path and other definitions. The search path TEXMFCNF is used to look for these files, but we do not recommend setting this (or any) environment variable to override the system directories. -

Instead, normal installation results in a file

Instead, normal installation results in a file .../2023/texmf.cnf. If you must make changes to the defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in .../2023/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the distributed version is updated. -

As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an +

As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an environment variable is a reasonable method: 

-   
  TEXINPUTS=.:/my/macro/dir:
-

To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘

To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘:’ (‘;’ on Windows) to insert the system paths, instead of trying to write them all out explicitly (see section 7.1.4). Anoth TEXMFHOME tree (see section 3.2.3). -

All texmf.cnf files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later files. For example, with a search path of $TEXMF/texmf.cnf.

-

A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: -

+

A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: +

- 
+   
 TEXMF  = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
    

-

+

 

    
7.1.3    Path expansion

-
Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
+
Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
 Unix shells. As a general example, the path ~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz, expands to all subdirectories under
 directories 
    
7.1.4    Default expansion

-
If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 
If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 66) contains an extra colon (i.e., leading,
 trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If
@@ -4211,18 +4220,18 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex
 class="ec-lmtt-10">  /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
 
-
   Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
+
   Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
 extra ‘:’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘:’, then a trailing ‘:’, then a doubled
 ‘:’.
-

+

 

    
7.1.5    Brace expansion

-
A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, 
A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, v{a,b}w expands to vaw:vbw.
 Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by assigning a brace list
@@ -4234,18 +4243,18 @@ made:
                                                                                      
 

    
-   
  TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}

 

-
We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:
+
We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
 

    
-   
  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//

 

-
which means that, after looking in the current directory, the 
which means that, after looking in the current directory, the $TEXMFVAR/tex, $TEXMFHOME/tex,
 $TEXMFLOCAL/tex and $TEXMFDIST/tex trees will be searched (the last two using ls-R data base
 files).
-

+

 

    
7.1.6    Subdirectory expansion

-
Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory 
Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory d is replaced by all subdirectories of d:
 first those subdirectories directly under d, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the
 order in which the directories are searched is unspecified.
-
   If you specify any filename components after the ‘
   If you specify any filename components after the ‘//’, only subdirectories with matching components are
 included. For example, ‘/a//b’ expands into directories /a/1/1/b, and so on, but not /a/b/c
 or /a/1.
-
   Multiple ‘
   Multiple ‘//’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘//’ at the beginning of a path is ignored.
-

+

 

    
7.1.7    Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files

-
The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration
+
The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration
 files.
-

+

      

  :      

-     
Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle,
+     
Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle,
      it substitutes the default path expansion.
      

  ;      

-     
Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like 
Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like :).
      

  $      

-     
Variable expansion.
+     
Variable expansion.
      

  ~      

-     
Represents the user’s home directory.
+     
Represents the user’s home directory.
      

  {...}  

-     
Brace expansion.
+     
Brace expansion.
      

  ,      

-     
Separates items in brace expansion.
+     
Separates items in brace expansion.
      

  //     

-     
Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
+     
Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
      

  % and #

-     
Start of comment.
+     
Start of comment.
      

  \      

-     
At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.
+     
At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.
      

  !!     

-     
Search 
Search only database to locate file, do not search the disk.

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-
   Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is
+
   Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is
 used. The rules are inherent in the multiple levels of interpretation of the configuration (parsing, expansion,
 search, …) and so cannot be concisely stated, unfortunately. There is no general escape mechanism; in
 particular, ‘\’ is not an “escape character” in texmf.cnf files.
-
   When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all.
-

+
   When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all.
+

 

    
7.2    Filename databases

-
Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live,
+
Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live,
 or at any installation with enough directories, searching every possible directory for a given file will take
 an excessively long time. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built plain text “database”
 file named ls-R that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the
 disk.
-
   A second database file 
   A second database file aliases allows you to give additional names to the files listed in ls-R.
-

+

 

    
7.2.1    The filename database

-
As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be 
As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be ls-R. You can put one at the root of
 each TeX hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched ($TEXMF by default). Kpathsea looks for
 ls-R files along the TEXMFDBS path.
-
   The recommended way to create and maintain ‘
   The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ls-R’ is to run the mktexlsr script included with the
 distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘cron, so that it is
 automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a LaTeX
 package.
-
   If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
+
   If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
 path element begins with ‘!!’, however, only the database will be searched for that element, never the
 disk.
-

+

 

    
7.2.2    kpsewhich: Standalone path searching

-
The 
The kpsewhich program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful
 as a sort of find program to locate files in TeX hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed
@@ -4435,12 +4444,12 @@ class="ec-lmro-10">option start with either ‘-’ or ‘--’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is
 accepted.
-
   Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
+
   Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
 found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘find’ utility for
 that).
-
   The most common options are described next.
-

+
   The most common options are described next.
+

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
      

@@ -4448,7 +4457,7 @@ that).
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=num 

-     
  Set  the  resolution  to  
  Set  the  resolution  to  num;  this  only  affects  ‘gf’  and  ‘pk’  lookups.  ‘dvips. Default is 600.
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=name 

-     


Set the format for lookup to name. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For
      formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and
@@ -4476,7 +4485,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help-formats for a list.
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=string 

-     


Set the mode name to string; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. No default: any mode will
  --must-exist 

-     


Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the
      ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
@@ -4495,7 +4504,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficienc
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=string 

-     


Search along the path string (colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from
      the filename. ‘--format’
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=name 

-     


Set the program name to name. This can affect the search paths via the .kpsewhich.
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=name 

-     


shows the path used for file lookups of file type name. Either a filename extension (.pk, --format’ option.
 class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=num 

-     


sets the debugging options to num.

-

+

 

    
7.2.3    Examples of use

-
Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
+
Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
 

    

 
@@ -4613,7 +4622,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">  /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
 

 
-
   By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for 
   By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for TUGboat articles.
 

    

@@ -4666,7 +4675,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi would go off and actually build the required .pk
 files using the script mktexpk.
-
   Next we turn our attention to 
   Next we turn our attention to dvips’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly
 used files, the general prologue tex.pro for TeX support, before turning our attention to the generic
@@ -4713,7 +4722,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">  /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
 

 
-
   We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
+
   We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
 font naming scheme is ‘utm’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the
 map file: 

@@ -4819,22 +4828,22 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">  /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
 

 
-
   It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
+
   It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
 especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since kpsewhich will
 show you the first file encountered.
-

+

 

    
7.2.4    Debugging actions

-
Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
+
Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
 Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output:
-

+

      

   1  

-     
stat calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date ls-R database this should almost
      give no output.
@@ -4842,58 +4851,58 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database this should almost
   2  

-     
References to hash tables (such as 
References to hash tables (such as ls-R databases, map files, configuration files).
      

   4  

-     
File open and close operations.
+     
File open and close operations.
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
      

   8  

-     
General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
+     
General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
      particular path for the file was defined.
      

  16  

-     
Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
+     
Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
      

  32  

-     
File searches.
+     
File searches.
      

  64  

-     
Variable values.

-
A value of 
Variable values.

+
A value of -1 will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient.
-
   Similarly, with the 
   Similarly, with the dvips program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail
 where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
 which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the
 problem is.
-
   Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
+
   Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
 using the KPATHSEA_DEBUG environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the
 above list.
-
   (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
+
   (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
 purposes you can temporarily SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log).
-
   Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, 
   Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, hello-world.tex, which contains the following
 input.
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
 

    
-   
  \documentclass{article} 
   \begin{document} 
@@ -4902,7 +4911,7 @@ input.
   \end{document}

 

-
This little file only uses the font 
This little file only uses the font cmr10, so let us look at how dvips prepares the PostScript file
 (we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option =>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
 
Figure 12: Finding configuration files

    
-
   
   dvips starts by locating its working files. First, texmf.cnf is found, which gives the definitions of the
 search paths for the other files, then the file database psfonts.map, which is always loaded (it
 contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of section 7.2.3 for more details
 about PostScript map file handling).
-
   At this point 
   At this point dvips identifies itself to the user: 

 
 

@@ -5095,7 +5104,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9"> => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
 

 

-
   After having found the file in question, 
   After having found the file in question, dvips outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate
 the file hello-world.ps, then that it needs the font file  /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
 class="ec-lmtt-9"><cmr10.pfb>[1]
 
 
-

+

 

    
7.3    Runtime options

-
Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
+
Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
 array sizes) via the runtime file texmf.cnf read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of
 that file in the TeX Live distribution. The more important are:
-

+

      

  main_memory 

-     
Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
+     
Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
      file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of TeX, and call
      the format file hugetex.fmt. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by
@@ -5211,29 +5220,29 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf.
  extra_mem_bot 

-     
Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you
+     
Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you
      use PI CTeX.
      

  font_mem_size 

-     
Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all
+     
Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all
      TFM files read.
      

  hash_extra 

-     
Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is 
Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is 600000.

-
This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely
+
This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely
 difficult to implement in the present TeX source, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise
 allowing some flexibility.
-
   
+
   
 

    
7.4    $TEXMFDOTDIR

-
In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with 
In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with . (to search the current directory first), as
 in 

 
@@ -5244,7 +5253,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9">TEXINPUTS=.;$TEXMF/tex//
                                                                                      
 

 
-
   This is a simplification. The 
   This is a simplification. The texmf.cnf file we distribute in TeX Live uses $TEXMFDOTDIR instead of just
 ‘TEXINPUTS=$TEXMFDOTDIR;$TEXMF/tex//
 class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/tex//. But
 that’s minor; here we want to discuss the $TEXMFDOTDIR feature.)
-
   The reason to use the variable 
   The reason to use the variable $TEXMFDOTDIR in the path definitions instead of simply ‘.’ is purely so that
 it can be overridden. For example, a complex document may have many source files arranged in many
@@ -5269,220 +5278,220 @@ build the document) and they will all get searched. (Warning: don’t use .// by default; it’s usually
 highly undesirable, and potentially insecure, to search through all subdirectories for an arbitrary
 document.)
-
   As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for
+
   As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for
 all the files to be found via explicit paths. You can set $TEXMFDOTDIR to, say, /nonesuch or any nonexistent
 directory for this.
-
   The default value of 
   The default value of $TEXMFDOTDIR is just ‘.’, as set in our texmf.cnf.
-
   
+
   
 

    
8    Acknowledgements

-
TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl
+
TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl
 Berry. The other principal contributors, past and present, are listed below.
 

      
-
   Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (
   Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (amd64-netbsd, i386-netbsd), Ken Brown (x86_64-cygwin), Johannes
@@ -5501,32 +5510,32 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris), Norbert
 Preining (i386-linux, x86_64-linux, x86_64-linuxmusl). For information on the TeX Live build process, see
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linuxmusl). For information on the TeX Live build process, see 
 https://tug.org/texlive/build.html.
-
   Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French),
+
   Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French),
 Carlos Enriquez Figueras (Spanish), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, & Helin Gai (Chinese), Nikola
 Lečić (Serbian), Marco Pallante & Carla Maggi (Italian), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris
 Veytsman (Russian), Zofia Walczak (Polish), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German). The TeX Live documentation web
-page is     https://tug.org/texlive/doc.html.
-
   Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and
+
   Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and
 then for giving it to the world.
-

+

 

    
9    Release history

-

+

 

    
9.1    Past

-
Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for
+
Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for
 MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too
 ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4AllTeX CD, but also the TUG
 Technical Council working group on a TeX Directory Structure (    TeX Directory Structure (https://tug.org/tds), which specified
 how to create consistent and manageable collections of TeX support files. A complete draft of the TDS was
@@ -5536,7 +5545,7 @@ product would be a model structure on CD. The distribution you now have is a ver
 working group’s deliberations. It was also clear that the success of the 4AllTeX CD showed that
 Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of TeX
 Live.
-
   We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
+
   We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
 Thomas Esser’s teTeX as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
 portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996.
 The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release of
@@ -5548,29 +5557,29 @@ same time, a new revision of teTeX was being made, and TeX Live included almost
 features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of teTeX, and a new
 release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup, thanks to Fabrice
 Popineau.
-
   For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
+
   For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
 packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for TeX Live 5 was that all
 non-free software was removed. Everything in TeX Live is now intended to be compatible with the
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-Debian Free Software Guidelines (    https://debian.org/intro/free); we have done our best to
 check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any
 mistakes.
-
   The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
+
   The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
 the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
 reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate
 language.dat.
-
   The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of macOS support, and the usual myriad of updates to all
+
   The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of macOS support, and the usual myriad of updates to all
 sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTeX, to correct
 the drift apart in versions 5 and 6.
-

+

 

    
9.1.1    2003

-
In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it
+
In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it
 could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section 2.1,
 p. 7). In addition:
 

      
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-

+

 

    
9.1.2    2004

-
2004 saw many changes:
+
2004 saw many changes:
 

      
-

+

 

    
9.1.3    2005

-
2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
+
2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
 stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:
 

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
      
-

+

 

    
9.1.4    2006–2007

-
In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the 
In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the xetex and
 xelatex programs; see     xelatex programs; see https://scripts.sil.org/xetex.
-
   MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (   
   MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (https://tug.org/metapost/articles),
-likewise pdfTeX (    https://tug.org/applications/pdftex).
-
   The TeX 
   The TeX .fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now stored in
 subdirectories of texmf/web2c, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the
@@ -5984,19 +5993,19 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">tex or pdftex or xetex.
 This change should be invisible in normal use.
-
   The (plain) 
   The (plain) tex program no longer reads %& first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure
 Knuthian TeX. (LaTeX and everything else do still read %& lines).
-
   Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
-please check CTAN (    
   Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
+please check CTAN (https://ctan.org) for updates.
-
   Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
+
   Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
 as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a
 stable development foundation for future years.
-
   Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX (
+
   Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX (
 https://tug.org/tetex). As a result, there was a surge of interest in TeX Live, especially among GNU/Linux
@@ -6004,113 +6013,113 @@ distributors. (There is a new tetex installation scheme in TeX Live, which provides an approximate
 equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the TeX environment for
 everyone.
-

+

 

    
9.1.5    2008

-
In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an
+
In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an
 installation is now stored in a plain text file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb.
-
   Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after
+
   Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after
 the initial installation, a feature MiKTeX has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new
 packages as they are released to CTAN.
-
   The major new engine LuaTeX (    
   The major new engine LuaTeX (http://luatex.org) is included; besides a new level of flexibility
 in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of
 TeX documents.
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-
   Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
+
   Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
 Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with TeX
 Live.
-
   The new 
   The new tlmgr script (section 5) is the general interface for managing TeX Live after the initial installation.
 It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map files, and language files, optionally
 including local additions.
-
   With the advent of 
   With the advent of tlmgr, the texconfig actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are
 now disabled.
-
   The xindy indexing program (    
   The xindy indexing program (http://xindy.sourceforge.net/) is now included on most
 platforms.
-
   The 
   The kpsewhich tool can now report all matches for a given file (option --all) and limit matches to a given
 subdirectory (option --subdir).
-
   The 
   The dvipdfmx program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command
 name extractbb; this was one of the last features provided by dvipdfm not in dvipdfmx.
-
   The font aliases 
   The font aliases Times-Roman, Helvetica, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them
 to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve
 this.
-
   The 
   The platex format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese platex;
 the polski package is now the main Polish support.
-
   Internally, the 
   Internally, the WEB string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades.
-
   Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See
+
   Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See 
 https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf.
-

+

 

    
9.1.6    2009

-
In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L
In 2009, the default output format for Lua(LA )TeX is now PDF, to take advantage of LuaTeX’s OpenType
 support, et al. New executables named dviluatex and dvilualatex run LuaTeX with DVI output. The
-LuaTeX home page is     http://luatex.org.
-
   The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
+
   The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
 authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities.
-
   A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
+
   A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
 changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the
-hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
+hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see 
 https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf). In all cases, the metrics remain
-unchanged. The AMS fonts home page is     https://ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html.
-
   The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and
-more information, see the TeXworks home page,     
   The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and
+more information, see the TeXworks home page, https://tug.org/texworks. It is a cross-platform
 front-end inspired by the macOS TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
-
   The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
+
   The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
 description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home
-page is     https://asymptote.sourceforge.io.
-
   The separate 
   The separate dvipdfm program has been replaced by dvipdfmx, which operates in a special compatibility
 mode under that name. dvipdfmx includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years
 since the last dvipdfm release.
-
   Executables for the 
   Executables for the cygwin and i386-netbsd platforms are now included, while we were advised that
 OpenBSD users get TeX through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that
 have a chance of working on more than one version.
-
   A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use 
   A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use xz compression, the stable replacement for lzma (
 https://tukaani.org/xz/); a literal $ is allowed in filenames when it does not introduce a known variable
 name; the Kpathsea library is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire TeX Live build is now
 based on Automake.
-
   Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
-available at     
   Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
+available at ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive.
-

+

 

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
    
9.1.7    2010

-
In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
+
In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
 TeX engines when used to produce PDF and to dvipdfmx. Loading the pdf14 LaTeX package changes back to
 PDF 1.4, or set \pdfminorversion=4.
-
   pdf(L
   pdf(LA )TeX now automatically converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the
 epstopdf package documentation (
 https://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg).
-
   A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the 
   A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the \write18 feature, is
 now enabled by default. These commands are repstopdf,  conf texmf shell_escape 0.
-
   Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
+
   Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
 arbitrary directory (like TeX itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted
 \write18. To change this, the TEXMFOUTPUT environment variable can be set, or the openout_any setting
 changed.
-
   XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently
+
   XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently
 supported.)
-
   By default, 
   By default, tlmgr now saves one backup of each package updated (tlmgr option autobackup 1), so
 broken package updates can be easily reverted with tlmgr restore. If you do post-install updates, and don’t
 have the disk space for the backups, run tlmgr option autobackup 0.
-
   New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program
+
   New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program
 for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the chktex utility (originally from     chktex utility (originally from http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex)
 for checking (LA )TeX documents; the dvisvgm (    dvisvgm (https://dvisvgm.de) DVI-to-SVG translator.
-
   Executables for these new platforms are now included: 
   Executables for these new platforms are now included: amd64-freebsd, amd64-kfreebsd, i386-freebsd,
@@ -6206,55 +6215,55 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd,
 class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd, x86_64-darwin, x86_64-solaris.
-
   A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables (
+
   A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables (
 https://tug.org/tex4ht) were removed from the binary directories. The generic mk4ht program can be used
 to run any of the various tex4ht combinations.
-
   Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
+
   Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
 single DVD no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical
 DVD is much faster.
-

+

 

    
9.1.8    2011

-
The macOS binaries (
The macOS binaries (universal-darwin and x86_64-darwin) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther
 and Tiger are no longer supported.
-
   The 
   The biber program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is
 closely coupled with the biblatex package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities
 provided by LaTeX.
-
   The MetaPost (
   The MetaPost (mpost) program no longer creates or uses .mem files. The needed files, such as plain.mp, are
 simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant
 though not user-visible change.
-
   The 
   The updmap implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used
 on all platforms. There shouldn’t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much
 faster.
-
   The 
   The initex and inimf programs were restored (but no other ini* variants).
-

+

 

    
9.1.9    2012

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-
tlmgr supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the tlmgr
 help output has more.
-
   The parameter 
   The parameter \XeTeXdashbreakstate is set to 1 by default, for both xetex and xelatex. This allows line
@@ -6262,116 +6271,116 @@ breaks after em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plai
 Existing XeTeX documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set
 \XeTeXdashbreakstate to 0 explicitly.
-
   The output files generated by 
   The output files generated by pdftex and dvips, among others, can now exceed 2 gigabytes.
-
   The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of 
   The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of dvips by default, since so many different
 versions of them are extant.
-
   In the restricted 
   In the restricted \write18 execution mode, set by default, mpost is now an allowed program.
-
   A 
   A texmf.cnf file is also found in ../texmf-local, e.g., /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf, if
 it exists.
-
   The 
   The updmap script reads a per-tree updmap.cfg instead of one global config. This change should be
 invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg’s directly. The updmap --help output has more.
-
   Platforms: 
   Platforms: armel-linux and mipsel-linux added; sparc-linux and i386-netbsd are no longer in the main
 distribution.
-

+

 

    
9.1.10    2013

-
Distribution layout: the top-level 
Distribution layout: the top-level texmf/ directory has been merged into texmf-dist/, for simplicity. Both the
 TEXMFMAIN and TEXMFDIST Kpathsea variables now point to texmf-dist.
-
   Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
-
   MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
-
   LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (
   Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
+
   MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
+
   LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (pdfscanner) to process external PDF page
 content, among much else (see its web pages).
-
   XeTeX (also see its web pages for more): 

+
   XeTeX (also see its web pages for more): 

      
-
   
Support OpenType math cut-ins.

+
   xdvi: now uses FreeType instead of t1lib for rendering.
-
   
   microtype.sty: some support for XeTeX (protrusion) and LuaTeX (protrusion, font expansion, tracking),
 among other enhancements.
-
   
   tlmgr: new pinning action to ease configuring multiple repositories; that section in tlmgr --help has
-more, online at     https://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES.
-
   Platforms: 
   Platforms: armhf-linux, mips-irix, i386-netbsd, and amd64-netbsd added or revived; powerpc-aix
 removed.
-

+

 

    
9.1.11    2014

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-
2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the
+
2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the
 restoration of the preloaded format string on the banner line. Per Knuth, this now reflects the format that
 would be loaded by default, rather than an undumped format that is actually preloaded in the binary; it may
 be overridden in various ways.
-
   pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter 
   pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter \pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup; new primitives for fake
 interword spaces to help with PDF text reflowing: \pdfinterwordspaceon, \pdfinterwordspaceoff,
 \pdffakespace.
-
   LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a
+
   LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a
 new engine variant, luajittex and its siblings texluajit and texluajitc. This uses a just-in-time Lua
 compiler (detailed TUGboat article at     TUGboat article at https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb34-1/tb106scarso.pdf). luajittex
@@ -6379,23 +6388,23 @@ is still in development, is not available on all platforms, and is considerably
 class="ec-lmtt-10">luatex. Neither we
 nor its developers recommend using it except for the specific purpose of experimenting with jit on Lua
 code.
-
   XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode
+
   XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode
 compatibility decomposition fallback (but not other variants); prefer OpenType to Graphite fonts, for
 compatibility with previous XeTeX versions.
-
   MetaPost: A new numbersystem 
   MetaPost: A new numbersystem decimal is supported, along with a companion internal numberprecision;
 a new definition of drawdot in plain.mp, per Knuth; bug fixes in SVG and PNG output, among
 others.
-
   The 
   The pstopdf ConTeXt utility will be removed as a standalone command at some point after the release, due
 to conflicts with OS utilities of the same name. It can still (and now) be invoked as mtxrun –script
 pstopdf.
-
   
   psutils has been substantially revised by a new maintainer. As a result, several seldom-used utilities (fix*,
 scripts/ directory rather than being user-level
 executables (this can be reversed if it turns out to be problematic). A new script, psjoin, has been
 added.
-
   The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section 
   The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section 3.1.2) no longer includes the optional Mac-only packages
 for the Latin Modern and TeX Gyre fonts, since it is easy enough for individual users to make them available
 to the system. The convert program from ImageMagick has also been excised, since TeX4ht (specifically
 tex4ht.env) now uses Ghostscript directly.
-
   The 
   The langcjk collection for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean support has been split into individual language
 collections for the sake of more moderate sizes.
-
   Platforms: 
   Platforms: x86_64-cygwin added, mips-irix removed; Microsoft no longer supports Windows XP, so our
 programs may start failing there at any time.
-

+

 

    
9.1.12    2015

-
LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the 
LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the fixltx2e
 package, which is now a no-op. A new latexrelease package and other mechanisms allow for controlling what is
@@ -6433,37 +6442,37 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">babel
 and psnfss packages, while core parts of LaTeX, are maintained separately and are not affected by these
 changes (and should still work).
-
   Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters,
+
   Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters,
 naming of primitives, etc.) which was previously part of TeX Live. This change is intended to be invisible to
 users; a few low-level internal control sequences have been renamed or removed, but the behavior should be
 just the same.
-
   pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if 
   pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if \pdfinclusionerrorlevel is
 negative; sync with xpdf 3.04.
-
   LuaTeX: New library 
   LuaTeX: New library newtokenlib for scanning tokens; bug fixes in the normal random number generator
 and other places.
-
   XeTeX: Image handling fixes; 
   XeTeX: Image handling fixes; xdvipdfmx binary looked for first as a sibling to xetex; internal XDV opcodes
 changed.
-
   MetaPost: New numbersystem 
   MetaPost: New numbersystem binary; new Japanese-enabled upmpost and updvitomp programs, analogous
 to up*tex.
-
   MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution
+
   MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution
 Preference Pane now works in Yosemite (macOS 10.10). Resource-fork font suitcases (generally
 without an extension) are no longer supported by XeTeX; data-fork suitcases (.dfont) remain
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
 supported.
-
   Infrastructure: The 
   Infrastructure: The fmtutil script has been reimplemented to read fmtutil.cnf on a per-tree basis,
 analogous to mktextfm, mktexpk) now prefer programs in
 their own directory, instead of always using the existing PATH.
-
   Platforms: 
   Platforms: *-kfreebsd removed, since TeX Live is now easily available through the system
 platform mechanisms. Support for some additional platforms is available as custom binaries (
 https://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html). In addition, some platforms are now omitted from the
 DVD (simply to save space), but can be installed normally over the net.
-

+

 

    
9.1.13    2016

-
LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure
+
LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure
 rearrangements. The changes are summarized in an article by Hans Hagen, “LuaTeX 0.90 backend changes for
-PDF and more” (    https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb37-1/tb115hagen-pdf.pdf); for all the details, see the
 LuaTeX manual, texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatex.pdf.
-
   Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont,
+
   Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont,
 for trial testing purposes.
-
   MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0.
-
   
   MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0.
+
   SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support in all engines except LuaTeX (which will come in the next release) and
 original tex (intentionally omitted): if the environment variable \month, \day, \time. The pdfTeX manual has examples
 and details.
-
   pdfTeX: new primitives 
   pdfTeX: new primitives \pdfinfoomitdate, \pdftrailerid, \pdfsuppressptexinfo, to control values
 appearing in the output which normally change with each run. These features are for PDF output only, not
 DVI.
-
   XeTeX: New primitives 
   XeTeX: New primitives \XeTeXhyphenatablelength, \XeTeXgenerateactualtext,
\XeTeXinterwordspaceshaping, \mdfivesum; character class limit increased to 4096; DVI id byte
 incremented.
-
   Other utilities: 

+
   Other utilities: 

      
-
   MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility;
+
   MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility;
 bundled GUI applications upgraded; new script cjk-gs-integrate to be run by users who wish to incorporate
 various CJK fonts into Ghostscript.
-
   Infrastructure: System-level 
   Infrastructure: System-level tlmgr configuration file supported; verify package checksums; if GPG is
 available, verify signature of network updates. These checks happen with both the installer and tlmgr. If GPG
 is not available, updates proceed as usual.
-
   Platforms: 
   Platforms: alpha-linux and mipsel-linux removed.
-

+

 

    
9.1.14    2017

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-
LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; 
LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; ffi library for dynamic code
 loading added on some platforms.
-
   pdfTeX: Environment variable 
   pdfTeX: Environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_TEX_PRIMITIVES from last year renamed to
 FORCE_SOURCE_DATE, with no changes in functionality; if the \pdfpageattr token list contains the string
 /MediaBox, omit output of the default /MediaBox.
-
   XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug
+
   XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug
 fixes.
-
   Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with 
   Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with dvipdfmx and package expectations; the
 -L0 option (L0 config setting) restores the previous behavior of the first special winning.
-
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives 
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \pdfuniformdeviate, \pdfnormaldeviate, \pdfrandomseed,
@@ -6590,7 +6599,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfrandomseed,
 class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfsetrandomseed, \pdfelapsedtime, \pdfresettimer, from pdfTeX.
-
   MacTeX: As of this year, only macOS releases for which Apple still releases security patches
+
   MacTeX: As of this year, only macOS releases for which Apple still releases security patches
 will be supported in MacTeX, under the platform name x86_64-darwin; currently this means
 Yosemite, El Capitan, and Sierra (10.10 and newer). Binaries for older macOS versions are not
@@ -6599,7 +6608,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwinlegacy, i386-darwin,
 powerpc-darwin).
-
   Infrastructure: The 
   Infrastructure: The TEXMFLOCAL tree is now searched before TEXMFSYSCONFIG and TEXMFSYSVAR (by
@@ -6609,7 +6618,7 @@ has a new mode shell for interactive and scripted use, and a new action conf auxtrees to easily add and
 remove extra trees.
-
   
   updmap and fmtutil: These scripts now give a warning when invoked without explicitly specifying either
 so-called system mode (updmap-user, fmtutil-user,
 or option -user). The hope is that this will reduce the perennial problem of invoking user mode by accident
-and thus losing future system updates. See     https://tug.org/texlive/scripts-sys-user.html for
 details.
-
   
   install-tl: Personal paths such as TEXMFHOME are now set to MacTeX values (~/Library/...) by
@@ -6633,24 +6642,24 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">-init-from-profile to start an installation with the v
 new command P to explicitly save a profile; new profile variable names (but previous ones are still
 accepted).
-
   SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like 
   SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like foo.synctex(busy), instead of
 foo.synctex.gz(busy) (no .gz). Front-ends and build systems that want to remove temp files may need
 adjusting.
-
   Other utilities: 
   Other utilities: texosquery-jre8 is a new cross-platform program for retrieving locale and other OS
 information from a TeX document; it is included in shell_escape_commands by default for restricted shell
 execution. (Older JRE versions are supported by texosquery, but cannot be enabled in restricted mode, as they
 are no longer supported by Oracle, even for security issues.)
-
   Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes.
-

+
   Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes.
+

 

    
9.1.15    2018

-
Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set 
Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set texmf.cnf or
 environment variable texmf_casefold_search to 0 to disable. Full details in the Kpathsea manual (
 https://tug.org/kpathsea).
-
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive 
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive \epTeXversion.
-
   LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary 
   LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary luatex53 is available on most platforms, but
 must be renamed to luatex to be effective. Or use the ConTeXt Garden (    luatex to be effective. Or use the ConTeXt Garden (https://wiki.contextgarden.net)
 files; more information there.
-
   MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output.
-
   pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for
+
   MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output.
+
   pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for
 \pdfprimitive and related.
-
   XeTeX: Support 
   XeTeX: Support /Rotate in PDF image inclusion; exit nonzero if the output driver fails; various obscure
 UTF-8 and other primitive fixes.
-
   MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in 
   MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in /Applications/TeX/ by
 MacTeX have been reorganized for greater clarity; now this location contains four GUI programs (BibDesk,
 LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop) at the top level and folders with additional utilities and
 documentation.
-
   
   tlmgr: new front-ends tlshell (Tcl/Tk) and tlcockpit (Java); JSON output; uninstall now a synonym
 for remove; new action/option print-platform-info.
-
   Platforms: 

+
   Platforms: 

      
-

+     
Windows: XP is no longer supported.

+

 

    
9.1.16    2019

-
Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable 
Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable TEXMFDOTDIR instead of
 hard-coded . in paths allows for easily searching additional or sub-directories (see comments in
 texmf.cnf).
-
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives 
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \readpapersizespecial and \expanded.
-
   LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library
+
   LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library
 pplib is used to read pdf files, thus eliminating the dependency on poppler (and the need for C++); Lua
 interface changed accordingly.
-
   MetaPost: 
   MetaPost: r-mpost command name recognized as an alias for invocation with the --restricted option,
 and added to the list of restricted commands available by default. Minimum precision now 2 for
 decimal and binary mode. Binary mode no longer available in MPlib but still available in standalone
 MetaPost.
-
   pdfTeX: New primitive 
   pdfTeX: New primitive \expanded; if new primitive parameter \pdfomitcharset is set to 1, the /CharSet
 string omitted from the PDF output, since it cannot feasibly be guaranteed correct, as required by PDF/A-2
 and PDF/A-3.
-
   XeTeX: New primitives 
   XeTeX: New primitives \expanded, \creationdate, \elapsedtime, \uniformdeviate, \randomseed; extend \Ucharcat to produce
 active characters.
-
   
   tlmgr: Support curl as a download program; use lz4 and gzip before xz for local backups, if available;
 prefer system-provided binaries over binaries provided with TeX Live for compressor and download programs,
 unless the environment variable TEXLIVE_PREFER_OWN is set.
-
   
   install-tl: New option -gui (with no argument) is the default on Windows and Macs, and invokes a new
 Tcl/TK GUI (see sections 1.3 and 3.1.6).
-
   Utilities: 

+
   Utilities: 

      
-
   MacTeX: 
   MacTeX: x86_64-darwin now supports 10.12 and higher (Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave); x86_64-darwinlegacy
 still supports 10.6 and newer. The spell checker Excalibur is no longer included, since it requires 32-bit
 support.
-
   Platforms: removed 
   Platforms: removed sparc-solaris.
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-

+

 

    
9.1.17    2020

-
General: 

+
General: 

      
-
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives 
   epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \Uchar, \Ucharcat, \current(x)spacingmode, \ifincsname; revise
 class="ec-lmtt-10">\fontchar?? and \iffontchar. For eupTeX only: \currentcjktoken.
-
   LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines 
   LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines luahbtex (used for lualatex) and
 luajithbtex. New primitives: \eTeXgluestretchorder, \eTeXglueshrinkorder.
-
   pdfTeX: New primitive 
   pdfTeX: New primitive \pdfmajorversion; this merely changes the version number in the PDF output; it
 has no effect on any PDF content. \pdfximage and similar now search for image files in the same way as
 \openin.
-
   pTeX: New primitives 
   pTeX: New primitives \ifjfont, \iftfont. Also in epTeX, upTeX, eupTeX.
-
   XeTeX: Fixes for 
   XeTeX: Fixes for \Umathchardef, \XeTeXinterchartoks, \pdfsavepos.
-
   Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities (
+
   Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities (
 https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125rokicki-type3search.pdf).
-
   MacTeX: MacTeX and 
   MacTeX: MacTeX and x86_64-darwin now require 10.13 or higher (High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina);
 x86_64-darwinlegacy supports 10.6 and newer. MacTeX is notarized and command line programs have
@@ -6873,41 +6882,41 @@ hardened runtimes, as now required by Apple for install packages. BibDesk and Te
 not in MacTeX because they are not notarized, but a README file lists urls where they can be
 obtained.
-
   
   tlmgr and infrastructure: 

      
-

+

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
 

    
9.1.18    2021

-
General: 

+
General: 

      
-
   Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named 
   Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named lamed, has been removed. The aleph binary itself is still
 included and supported.
-
   LuaTeX: 

+
   LuaTeX: 

      
-
   MetaPost: 

+     
Removed width/ic compensation for traditional math code path.

+
   MetaPost: 

      
-
   pdfTeX: 

+
   pdfTeX: 

      
-
   XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning.
-
   Dvipdfmx: 

+
   XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning.
+
   Dvipdfmx: 

      
-
   Dvips: 

+     
Support new feature of virtual font to fallback Japanese font definition.

+
   Dvips: 

      
-
   MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder 
Support new feature of virtual font to fallback Japanese font definition.

+
   MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder universal-darwin now require macOS 10.14 or higher
 (Mojave, Catalina, and Big Sur); the x86_64-darwin binary folder is no longer present. The
@@ -7059,74 +7068,74 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin binary folder is no longer
 class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwinlegacy binary folder, available only with the Unix install-tl, supports 10.6 and
 newer.
-
   This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and
+
   This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and
 will sell and support both ARM and Intel machines for many years. All programs in universal-darwin
 have executable code for both ARM and Intel. Both binaries are compiled from the same source
 code.
-
   The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are
+
   The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are
 signed with a hardened runtime, so all are included in MacTeX this year.
-
   
   tlmgr and infrastructure: 

      
-

+

 

    
9.1.19    2022

-
General: 

+
General: 

      
-
   Cross-engine extensions (except in original TeX, Aleph, and hiTeX): 

+
   Cross-engine extensions (except in original TeX, Aleph, and hiTeX): 

      
-
   epTeX, eupTeX: 

+
   epTeX, eupTeX: 

      
-
   LuaTeX: 

+
   LuaTeX: 

      
-
   MetaPost: Bug fix for infinite macro expansion.
-
   pdfTeX: 

+
   MetaPost: Bug fix for infinite macro expansion.
+
   pdfTeX: 

      
-
   pTeX et al.: 

+
   pTeX et al.: 

      
-
   XeTeX: New wrapper scripts 
   XeTeX: New wrapper scripts xetex-unsafe and xelatex-unsafe for simpler invocation of documents
 requiring both XeTeX and PSTricks transparency operators, which is inherently unsafe (until and unless
 reimplementation in Ghostscript happens). For safety, use Lua(LA )TeX.
-
   Dvipdfmx: 

+
   Dvipdfmx: 

      
-
   Dvips: By default, do not attempt automatic media adjustment for rotated paper sizes; the new option
+
   Dvips: By default, do not attempt automatic media adjustment for rotated paper sizes; the new option
 –landscaperotate re-enables.
-
   
   upmendex: Experimental support for Arabic and Hebrew scripts; improved character classification and
 language support.
-
   Kpathsea: First path returned from 
   Kpathsea: First path returned from kpsewhich -all is now the same as a regular (non-all)
 search.
-
   
   tlmgr and infrastructure: 

      
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-
   MacTeX: MacTeX and its binary folder 
   MacTeX: MacTeX and its binary folder universal-darwin require macOS 10.14 or higher (Mojave,
 Catalina, Big Sur, Monterey). The x86_64-darwinlegacy binary folder, available only with the Unix
 install-tl, supports 10.6 (Snow Leopard) and newer.
-
   Platforms: No changes to platform support for this year (2022). However, for next year’s release (2023), we
+
   Platforms: No changes to platform support for this year (2022). However, for next year’s release (2023), we
 are planning to switch the Windows binaries from 32-bit to 64-bit. Unfortunately we cannot feasibly support
 both simultaneously.
-
   
+
   
 

    
9.2    Present: 2023

-
Windows: As announced previously, TeX Live now contains 64-bit Windows binaries instead of 32-bit. The new
+
Windows: As announced previously, TeX Live now contains 64-bit Windows binaries instead of 32-bit. The new
 directory name is bin/windows (it did not seem right to put 64-bit binaries into a directory named with “32”).
 We know this will cause extra work for Windows users, but there seemed no better alternative. See the
-separate TeX Live Windows web page (    https://tug.org/texlive/windows.html).
-

+

 Cross-engine
 extensions
 (except
@@ -7346,57 +7355,59 @@ with
 a
 non-\immediate\write.
-
epTeX, eupTeX:

+
epTeX, eupTeX:

      
-
LuaTeX: 

+
LuaTeX: 

      
-
MetaPost: Bug fixes. 
MetaPost: Bug fixes. svg->dx and svg->dy are now double, for better precision; mp_begin_iteration
 updated; memory leak in mplib fixed.
-
pdfTeX: 

+
pdfTeX: 

      
-
pTeX et al.: 

+
pTeX et al.: 

      
-
XeTeX: Only the cross-engine “late 
XeTeX: bug fix for \topskip and \splittopskip computation when \XeTeXupwardsmode is active; the
+cross-engine “late \special” described above.
-
Dvipdfmx: new option 
Dvipdfmx: new option –pdfm-str-utf8 to make pdfmark and/or bookmark.
-
BibTeXu: 

+
BibTeXu: 

      
-
Kpathsea: Support guessing input file encodings for Unix-ish platforms, as on Windows; enabled for
+
Kpathsea: Support guessing input file encodings for Unix-ish platforms, as on Windows; enabled for
 (e)p(la)tex, pbibtex, mendex.
-
tlmgr and infrastructure: 

      
-
MacTeX: 

-     
+
MacTeX: 

                                                                                      
                                                                                      
-     
MacTeX  and  its  binary  folder  
+     
  • 
+     
    MacTeX  and  its  binary  folder  universal-darwin require  macOS  10.14  or  higher  (Mojave,
      Catalina, Big Sur, Monterey, Ventura). The x86_64-darwinlegacy binary folder, available only
@@ -7461,12 +7476,12 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwinlegacy binary folder, available only
 class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl, supports 10.6 (Snow Leopard) and later.
      
    • 
      
  • 
-     
    The GUI package in MacTeX now contains 
    The GUI package in MacTeX now contains hintview, a macOS viewer for HINT documents
      (created  by  the  hitex and  hilatex engines  for  mobile  devices;  see  the  HiTeX  web  page,
-     hilatex engines  for  mobile  devices;  see  the  HiTeX  web  page,  
+https://hint.userweb.mwn.de/hint/hitex.html). The GUI package no longer installs a folder
      of documents, replacing them with a short  ME for new users and a page about hintview.
      
    • 
      
  • 
-     
    The 
    The Extras folder of additional TeX sofware on the DVD has been replaced with a document
      containing links to download sites.
    • 
-
    Platforms: 
    
+
    Platforms: 
    
      
-
    
+
    
 
    
    
    9.3    Future
    
-
    We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation,
+
    We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation,
 more programs, an ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts, and anything else TeX. This
-work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and there is always more to do. Please see
+work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and there is always more to do. Please see 
 https://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html.
-
       Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+
       Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
      
    
     
-     
    tex-live@tug.org 
       https://tug.org/texlive
    
-
    Happy TeXing!
 
    
     
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf
index 740a666c568..12a8395a7be 100644
Binary files a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf and b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex
index fcac34a8d8c..f43ff92408a 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex
@@ -61,12 +61,9 @@ see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
 on platforms for which we do not provide binaries.
 
 As to Windows: Windows~7 and later are supported. Windows Vista
-\emph{may} still mostly work, but \TL{} will no longer even install on Windows
-XP or earlier.  \TL{} includes no
-64-bit executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should
-run on 64-bit systems. But see
-\url{https://tug.org/texlive/windows.html} for options to add
-64-bit binaries.
+\emph{may} still mostly work, but \TL{} will no longer even install
+on Windows XP or earlier.  \TL{} includes 64-bit executables for
+Windows.
 
 See section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} for alternate solutions
 for Windows and \macOS.
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ quick start:
 \item For Unix, the installation script is \filename{install-tl}; on
   Windows, one should instead invoke \filename{install-tl-windows}.
   The installer will operate in a graphical mode given the option
-  \code{-gui} (default for Windows and older \macOS), or a text mode given
+  \code{-gui} (default for Windows), or a text mode given
   the option \code{-gui=text} (default for everything else).
 
 \item One of the installed items is the `\TL\ Manager' program,
@@ -276,6 +273,7 @@ available in several languages:
 \item{Polish:} \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
 \item{Russian:} \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
 \item{Serbian:} \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{Spanish:} \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-es}
 \item{Simplified Chinese:} \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
 \end{itemize*}
 
@@ -950,8 +948,8 @@ to introduce option names.  These are the most common ones:
 
 \begin{ttdescription}
 \item[-gui] Use the \GUI{} installer if possible. This requires
-  Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This was distributed with \macOS, until
-  Monterey; after that, you'll need to install Tcl/Tk yourself, if you
+  Tcl/Tk version 8.5 or higher. This was distributed with older \macOS;
+  for Big Sur and later, you'll need to install Tcl/Tk yourself, if you
   don't choose to use the Mac\TeX\ installer. Tcl/Tk is
   distributed with \TL{} on Windows. The legacy options
   \texttt{-gui=perltk} and \texttt{-gui=wizard} are still available
@@ -1170,32 +1168,36 @@ those arguments are literal strings) shows some generally interesting
 information.
 
 
-\subsubsection{\protect\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\subsubsection{\protect\ConTeXt{} LMTX and MKIV}
 \label{sec:context-mkiv}
 
-Both the `old' \ConTeXt{} (Mark II) and the `new' \ConTeXt{}
-(Mark IV) should run out of the box after \TL{} installation,
+Both the `old' \ConTeXt{} (Mark IV or MKIV) and the `new' \ConTeXt{}
+(LMTX) should run out of the box after \TL{} installation,
 and should need no special attention as long as you stick to
 using \verb+tlmgr+ for updates.
 
-However, because \ConTeXt{} MkIV does not use the kpathsea
+However, because \ConTeXt{} does not use the kpathsea
 library, some setup will be required whenever you install new 
 files manually (without using \verb+tlmgr+). After each such 
-installation, each MkIV user must run:
+installation, each user must run:
 \begin{sverbatim}
 context --generate
 \end{sverbatim}
-to refresh the \ConTeXt{} disk cache data.
+for LMTX, and
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --luatex --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+for MKIV, to refresh the \ConTeXt{} disk cache data.
 The resulting files are stored under \code{TEXMFCACHE},
 whose default value in \TL\ is \verb+TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+. 
 
-\ConTeXt\ MkIV will read from
+\ConTeXt\ will read from
 all paths mentioned in \verb+TEXMFCACHE+, and write to the first
 path that is writable. While reading, the last found match will 
 take precedence in the case of duplicated cache data.
 
-For more information, see
-\url{https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+For more information, see \url{https://wiki.contextgarden.net/LMTX}\\
+and \url{https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
 
 
 \subsubsection{Integrating local and personal macros}
@@ -1383,7 +1385,8 @@ section~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
 \subsection{Uninstalling \TL}
 \label{sec:uninstall}
 
-To uninstall \TL\ (after a successful installation):
+To uninstall \TL\ (after a successful installation; for Windows, see
+below):
 
 \begin{alltt}
 > \Ucom{tlmgr uninstall --all}
@@ -1646,7 +1649,7 @@ nowadays.
 
 \TL{} contains several \GUI{} front-ends for \prog{tlmgr}. Two notable
 ones: (1)~Figure~\ref{fig:tlshell} shows \cmdname{tlshell}, which is
-written in Tcl/Tk and runs out of the box under Windows and \macOS;
+written in Tcl/Tk and runs out of the box under Windows;
 (2)~Figure~\ref{fig:tlcockpit} shows \prog{tlcockpit}, which requires
 Java version~8 or higher and JavaFX. Both are separate packages.
 
@@ -3064,10 +3067,10 @@ for customization.  See \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
 (By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
 sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
 
-\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
-except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates DVI
-when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
-the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\item \pkgname{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \pkgname{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates DVI
+when run as \pkgname{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \pkgname{pdftex} are available in
 \LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
 (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
 
@@ -3118,7 +3121,7 @@ output, enabling full support of Unicode (in UTF-8).  See
 \item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
 A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
 and \url{https://texfaq.org/FAQ-enginedev}.  The
-\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \pkgname{lamed}.
 
 \item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
 LPPL\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
@@ -3142,17 +3145,17 @@ is of course available from CTAN (\url{https://ctan.org/pkg/cbgreek-complete}).
 such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
 available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
 
-\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\item \pkgname{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
 \pkgname{tetex} package in the BSD Ports system is available, and
 GNU/Linux and FreeBSD binaries were available, it seemed
 volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
 
-\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\item On \pkgname{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
 \envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
 \pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
 and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
 not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
-\textsf{mips-irix}, the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+\pkgname{mips-irix}, the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are required.
 
 \end{itemize}
 
@@ -4198,7 +4201,8 @@ e(u)ptex's compatibility mode. Same for p\TeX{} tools, listed below.
 \end{itemize*}
 
 \noindent Lua\TeX: \begin{itemize*}
-\item configurable default family
+\item new primitive \cs{variablefam} to allow math characters to keep
+their class while still letting the family adapt.
 \item improved r2l annotation areas
 \item cross-engine ``late \cs{special}'' described above.
 \end{itemize*}
@@ -4230,7 +4234,9 @@ compatibility mode instead of being built separately.
 corresponding up\TeX{} versions, running in compatibility mode.
 \end{itemize*}
 
-\noindent Xe\TeX: Only the cross-engine ``late \cs{special}'' described above.
+\noindent Xe\TeX: bug fix for \cs{topskip} and \cs{splittopskip}
+computation when \cs{XeTeXupwardsmode} is active; the cross-engine
+``late \cs{special}'' described above.
 
 \noindent Dvipdfmx: new option \texttt{--pdfm-str-utf8} to make pdfmark and/or bookmark.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3