From 5df7e7d418b18e63caa51cac57443d826e0e8438 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Fri, 12 Jan 2007 23:20:45 +0000 Subject: update output git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@3398 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en/live.html | 1431 ++++++++++---------- Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en/live.pdf | Bin 745562 -> 745072 bytes .../texmf-doc/source/english/texlive-en/Makefile | 2 +- 3 files changed, 710 insertions(+), 723 deletions(-) diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en/live.html b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en/live.html index 5769576475c..392032149d2 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en/live.html +++ b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en/live.html @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ - + @@ -110,31 +110,31 @@ href="#x1-310007.7" id="QQ2-1-33">What’s different in Windows?
 7.8 Personal configurations
 7.9 Testing +href="#x1-380007.9" id="QQ2-1-40">Testing
 7.10 Printing +href="#x1-390007.10" id="QQ2-1-41">Printing
 7.11 Tips and tricks for Win32 +href="#x1-400007.11" id="QQ2-1-42">Tips and tricks for Win32
 7.12 In case of problems +href="#x1-470007.12" id="QQ2-1-49">In case of problems
8 A user’s guide to Web2C +href="#x1-500008" id="QQ2-1-52">A user’s guide to Web2C
 8.1 Kpathsea path searching +href="#x1-510008.1" id="QQ2-1-53">Kpathsea path searching
 8.2 Filename databases +href="#x1-590008.2" id="QQ2-1-61">Filename databases
 8.3 Runtime options +href="#x1-640008.3" id="QQ2-1-69">Runtime options
9 Acknowledgements +href="#x1-650009" id="QQ2-1-70">Acknowledgements
10 Release history +href="#x1-6600010" id="QQ2-1-71">Release history
 10.1 Past +href="#x1-6700010.1" id="QQ2-1-72">Past
 10.2 Present +href="#x1-7100010.2" id="QQ2-1-76">Present
 10.3 Future +href="#x1-7200010.3" id="QQ2-1-77">Future

List of Tables

@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org.

For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of TEX Live, see the end of the document, section 10 (p. 66). +href="#x1-6600010">10 (p. 67).

1.1 Basic usage of T
  • The main installation script for Unix and Mac OS X is install-tl.sh. GNU/Linux users - can also try a new GUI installation program: cd setuptl and run tlpmgui. Information - can be found in section 6 on p.setuptl/tlpmgui. More information can + be found in section 6 on p. 31.
  • The single package installation script is bzip2-compressed tar archive. support

    Assorted auxiliary packages and programs. These are setuptl

    Installation programs for Linux and Windows. + setuptl

    Installation programs for Linux and Windows. + support

    Assorted auxiliary packages and programs. These are not installed automatically. This includes assorted editors and TEX shells. texmf

    Tree for the programs, along with their support files and documentation. +class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf

    Tree for the programs, along with their support files and documentation. Does not include TEX formats and packages. (TEXMFMAIN in the next section.) texmf-dist

    The main tree of formats and packages. (texmf-dist

    The main tree of formats and packages. (TEXMFDIST in the next section.) texmf-doc

    Tree for self-contained pure documentation, arranged by language. +class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc

    Tree for self-contained pure documentation, arranged by language. texmf-var

    Tree for files automatically generated and stored. (texmf-var

    Tree for files automatically generated and stored. (TEXMFSYSVAR in the next section.) xemtex

    Tree for supporting programs used only in Windows. These programs - generally come pre-installed on Unix systems, or are at least easy to compile. - -

    In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and

    In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and README files (in various languages) are at the top level of the distribution. -

    The

    The texmf-doc directory contains only documentation, but it does not contain all the documentation. The documentation for the programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in texmf/doc, @@ -521,37 +524,37 @@ href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html may also be helpful. -

    +

    2.3 Overview of the predefined texmf trees

    -

    This section lists all predefined variables specifying texmf trees used by the system, and their intended +

    This section lists all predefined variables specifying texmf trees used by the system, and their intended purpose. The command texconfig conf shows you the values of these variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to directory names in your installation. -

    +

    TEXMFMAIN
    -

    The tree which holds vital parts of the system such as helper scripts (e.g.,

    The tree which holds vital parts of the system such as helper scripts (e.g., web2c/mktexdir), pool files and other support files.

    TEXMFDIST
    -

    The tree which holds the main set of macro packages, fonts, etc., as originally distributed. +

    The tree which holds the main set of macro packages, fonts, etc., as originally distributed.

    TEXMFLOCAL
    -

    The tree which administrators can use for system-wide installation of additional or updated +

    The tree which administrators can use for system-wide installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.

    TEXMFHOME
    -

    The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated +

    The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc. The expansion of this variable depends on $HOME by default, which dynamically adjusts for each user to an individual directory. @@ -559,7 +562,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME by default, which TEXMFCONFIG

    -

    The tree used by teT

    The tree used by teTEX’s utilities texconfig, updmap, and $HOME by default. TEXMFSYSCONFIG

    -

    The tree used by teT

    The tree used by teTEX’s utilities texconfig-sys, updmap-sys, and fmtutil-sys to store TEXMFVAR

    -

    The tree used by

    The tree used by texconfig, updmap and fmtutil to store (cached) runtime data such as @@ -590,23 +593,23 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME by default. TEXMFSYSVAR

    -

    The tree used by

    The tree used by texconfig-sys, updmap-sys and fmtutil-sys to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.

    -

    For more discussion of

    For more discussion of texconfig and related utilities, please see section 4.1, p. 27. -

    +

    2.4 Extensions to TEX

    -

    T

    TEX Live contains several extended versions of TEX: -

    +

    @@ -666,55 +669,55 @@ class="E">EX extensions. See texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base for some minimal documentation.
    -

    +

    2.5 Other notable programs in TEX Live

    -

    Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in T

    Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in TEX Live: -

    +

    bibtex
    -

    bibliography support. +

    bibliography support.

    makeindex
    -

    index support. +

    index support.

    dvips
    -

    convert DVI to PostScript. +

    convert DVI to PostScript.

    xdvi
    -

    DVI previewer for the X Window System. +

    DVI previewer for the X Window System.

    dvilj
    -

    DVI drive for the HP LaserJet family. +

    DVI drive for the HP LaserJet family.

    dv2dt, dt2dv
    -

    convert DVI to/from plain text. +

    convert DVI to/from plain text.

    dviconcat, dviselect
    -

    cut and paste pages from DVI files. +

    cut and paste pages from DVI files.

    dvipdfmx
    -

    convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdfT

    convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdfTEX (mentioned above). See the ps4pdf and pdftricks packages for still more alternatives. class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup,

    -

    PostScript utilities. +

    PostScript utilities.

    lacheck
    -

    LAT

    LATEX syntax checker.

    texexec
    -

    ConT

    ConTEXt and PDF processor.

    tex4ht
    -

    T

    TEX to HTML converter.

    -

    +

    3 Unix installation

    -

    As introduced in section 

    As introduced in section 1.1 (p. 4), TEX Live has three principal uses: -

    +

    1. Run directly from media. @@ -762,15 +765,15 @@ class="E">EX Live has three principal uses:
    2. Integrate a particular package or collection into your existing TEX installation.
    -

    The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures for each of these. -


    The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures for each of these. +


    -

    Warning: The Tmount command to see how to do this. If you have several different machines on a local network, you may be able to mount the discs on one which does support Rock Ridge, and use this with the others. -

    Modern systems should be able to use the discs without problems. If troubles, let us know. The +

    Modern systems should be able to use the discs without problems. If troubles, let us know. The discussion below assumes you have been able to mount the CDs with full Rock Ridge compatibility. -


    +


    3.1 Running TEX Live directly from media (Unix)

    -

    It is possible to use the T

    It is possible to use the TEX system directly from the live DVD, without installing the distribution to disk. (Thus the name T/dev/cdrom, here) may vary. (All our examples will use class="ec-lmtt-10">> as the shell prompt; user input is underlined.)

    -

    > mount -t /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
    -

    Change the current directory to the mount point:

    -

    Change the current directory to the mount point:

    +

    > cd /mnt/cdrom
    -

    Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under

    Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under /Volumes, and the media will be mounted automatically. Run the installation script install-tl.sh:

    -

    > sh install-tl.sh @@ -841,24 +844,24 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh class="ec-lmtt-10">Welcome to TeX Live...
    -

    After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu options, the installation will ask you to +

    After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu options, the installation will ask you to enter a command. Do this by typing the desired character and hitting return; don’t type the angle brackets shown. Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we’ll use lowercase in our examples. -

    For running live, our first command will be

    For running live, our first command will be d and then the subcommand 1 to set directories. Even in this case, we must choose a directory on the local disk to place files that the TEX system itself generates, such as fonts and formats, and also to provide a place for updated configuration files, if need be. -

    We’ll use

    We’ll use /opt/texlive2007 in this example. It’s good to include the year in the name, as these generated files are not in general compatible from release to release. (If the default value of /usr/local/texlive/2007 works for you, then you can skip this step.)

    -

    +

    Enter command:r
    -

    Back at the main menu, our second and last command is

    Back at the main menu, our second and last command is r, to set up for running live off the media without installing to disk:

    -

    +

    Enter command: Live! class="ec-lmtt-10">>
    -

    And we are back at the system prompt, as shown. -

    Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables:

    And we are back at the system prompt, as shown. +

    Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables: PATH, to an architecture-dependent value (so that we can run the programs), and TEXMFSYSVAR, to the value specified above. See table 1 for a list of the architecture names for the different systems. -

    After the main installation has completed, and environment variables have been set, the last step is to +

    After the main installation has completed, and environment variables have been set, the last step is to run texconfig or texconfig-sys to customize your installation to your needs. This is explained in @@ -942,7 +945,7 @@ href="#x1-180004.1">4.1, p. 27. -


    @@ -1018,14 +1021,14 @@ class="td11">

    -

    The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization file to put them in, depends +

    The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization file to put them in, depends on the shell you use. If you use a Bourne-compatible shell (sh, bash, ksh, et al.), put the following into your $HOME/.profile file:

    -

    +

    PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/archname export TEXMFSYSVAR
    -

    For C shell-compatible shells (

    For C shell-compatible shells (csh, tcsh), put the following into your $HOME/.cshrc file:

    -

    +

    setenv PATH TEXMFSYSVAR /opt/texlive2007/texmf-var
    -

    Then log out, log back in, and test your installation (see section 

    Then log out, log back in, and test your installation (see section 4.2, p. 28). -

    If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to +

    If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to mount the TEX Live media, which directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.

    3.2 Installing TEX Live to disk

    -

    It is possible, indeed typical, to install the T

    It is possible, indeed typical, to install the TEX Live distribution to hard disk. This can be done from either the live or inst distributions. (See section 2.1, p. 6, for an explanation of the different distributions.) -

    To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The exact command to do +

    To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The exact command to do this varies from system to system; the following works under Linux, except the name of the device (/dev/cdrom, here) may vary. (All our examples will use > as the shell prompt; user input is underlined.)

    -

    > mount -t /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
    -

    Change the current directory to the mount point:

    -

    Change the current directory to the mount point:

    +

    > cd /mnt/cdrom
    -

    Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under

    Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under /Volumes, and the media will be mounted automatically. Run the installation script install-tl.sh:

    -

    > sh install-tl.sh @@ -1109,11 +1112,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">Welcome to TeX Live...
    -

    After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu options, the installation will ask you to +

    After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu options, the installation will ask you to enter a command. Do this by typing the desired character and hitting return; don’t type the angle brackets shown. Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we’ll use lowercase in our examples. -

    Table 

    Table 2 briefly lists the options in the main menu. The order in which you select the options makes little difference, except that i must be last. It’s reasonable to go through them in the order presented @@ -1121,7 +1124,7 @@ here.

    -


    @@ -1182,13 +1185,13 @@ class="td11">

    -

    Here are further details on each option. -

    Here are further details on each option. +

    p – Current platform. Since the installation script automatically guesses which platform you’re running on, it is usually unnecessary to use this option. It’s there in case you need to override the automatic detection. -

    b – Binary architectures. By default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed. From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other architectures as well (or omit @@ -1198,7 +1201,7 @@ network of heterogenous machines. For a list of the supported architectures, see href="#x1-13001r1">1, p. 16. -

    s – Base installation scheme. From this menu, you can choose an overall set of package collections, called a “scheme”. The default basic scheme for a minimal system, or medium to get something in between. There are also specific sets for Omega and XML. -

    c – Individual collections. From this menu, you can override the scheme’s set of collections to install. Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — collections consist of one or more @@ -1215,7 +1218,7 @@ packages, where packages (the lowest level grouping in TEX Live) contain the actual TEX macro files, font families, and so on. In this menu, selection letters are case-sensitive. -

    l – Language collections. This menu has the same basic purpose as c, to override the collection set @@ -1232,7 +1235,7 @@ class="tabbing">Arabic Armenian Chinese Japanese Korean -

    Croatian Cyrillic Czech/Slovak Danish
    -

    Dutch Finnish French German
    -

    Greek Hebrew Hungarian Indic
    -

    Italian Latin Manju Mongolian
    -

    Norwegian Polish Portuguese Spanish
    -

    Swedish Tibetan UK English Vietnamese
    -

    -

    -

    Language collections typically include fonts, macros, hyphenation patterns, and other support files. (For +

    +

    Language collections typically include fonts, macros, hyphenation patterns, and other support files. (For instance, frenchle.sty is installed if you select the French collection.) In addition, installing a language collection will alter the language.dat configuration file controlling which hyphenation patterns are loaded. -

    d – Installation directories. Three directories can be changed here:

    TEXDIR
    -

    The top-level directory under which everything else will be installed. The default value +

    The top-level directory under which everything else will be installed. The default value is /usr/local/texlive/2007, and is often changed. We recommend including the year in the name, to keep different releases of TEX Live separate. (You may wish to make a version-independent name such /usr/local/texlive via a symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.) -

    Under Mac OS X, the usual frontends look for T

    Under Mac OS X, the usual frontends look for TEX in /usr/local/teTeX, so you may wish to install TEX Live there. TEXMFLOCAL

    -

    This tree is where the T

    This tree is where the TEX system (not as part of the initial installation, but rather as time goes by) puts non-version-specific files, primarily fonts. The default value is EX Live release, because TEXMFSYSVAR

    -

    This tree is where

    This tree is where texconfig-sys puts files that are version-specific. The default value is texconfig looks for modified configuration data. href="#x1-180004.1">4.1, p. 27 for more information.

    -

    o – Other options. From this menu, you can select the following general options:

    a
    -

    Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts. The default is to use the

    Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts. The default is to use the TEXMFVAR tree, as explained above. Setting this is useful if you plan to mount the main tree read-only, and therefore you need another location (perhaps host-specific) for dynamically created fonts. @@ -1357,13 +1360,13 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR tree, l

    -

    Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages, and/or GNU Info files in other locations. +

    Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages, and/or GNU Info files in other locations. For example, you may wish to make the man pages available under /usr/local/man and the Info files available under /usr/local/info. (Of course you need appropriate privileges to write in the specified directories.) -

    It is not advisable to overwrite a T

    It is not advisable to overwrite a TEX system that came with your system with this option. It’s intended primarily for creating the links in standard directories that are known to users, such as EX files. d

    -

    Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree. This is useful if you need to save +

    Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree. This is useful if you need to save space, or if you’ve previously installed the documentation elsewhere.

    s
    -

    Skip installation of the main font/macro source tree. This is useful if you are arranging to +

    Skip installation of the main font/macro source tree. This is useful if you are arranging to share that tree between machines and/or architectures in some other way, such as NFS.

    -

    i – Perform installation. When you’re satisfied with your configuration options, enter i to actually do the installation from the media to your chosen locations. -

    After the installation completes, your next step is to include the architecture-specific subdirectory of +

    After the installation completes, your next step is to include the architecture-specific subdirectory of TEXDIR/bin in your PATH, so the newly-installed programs can be found. The architecture names are @@ -1394,7 +1397,7 @@ listed in table 1, p. 16, or you can simply list the directory TEXDIR/bin. -

    The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to use, depends on your shell. If you use a +

    The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to use, depends on your shell. If you use a Bourne-compatible shell (sh, bash, $HOME/.profile file:

    -

    +

    PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/archname export PATH
    -

    For C shell-compatible shells (

    For C shell-compatible shells (csh, tcsh), put the following into your $HOME/.cshrc file:

    -

    +

    setenv PATHarchname:$PATH
    -

    After the main installation has completed, and environment variables have been set, the last step is to +

    After the main installation has completed, and environment variables have been set, the last step is to run texconfig or texconfig-sys to customize your installation to your needs. This is explained in section 4.1, p. 27. -

    Here is a minimal annotated example which accepts the default directories and installs binaries for +

    Here is a minimal annotated example which accepts the default directories and installs binaries for the current system only. Thus, only one command is needed, i for install. The > is the shell prompt as usual.

    -

    +

    > export PATH
    -

    If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to +

    If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to mount the TEX Live media, which directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.

    3.2.1 Non-interactive installation
    -

    It is possible to override the default directories with environment variables, and then install +

    It is possible to override the default directories with environment variables, and then install non-interactively. Example:

    -

    +

    > sh install-tl.sh
    -

    The

    The TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX variable overrides the default location of /usr/local/texlive, leaving all else unchanged—so with the above invocation, the main installation will go to /opt/texlive/2007. -

    In the usual Unix way, the final

    In the usual Unix way, the final echo i can be replaced by any sequence of input commands via a here document, so any sequence of commands can be scripted. -

    Here are all the possible overrides: -

    +

    Here are all the possible overrides: +

    TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX
    -

    Override

    Override /usr/local/texlive.

    TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR
    -

    Override

    Override $TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX/2007.

    TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFLOCAL
    -

    Override

    Override $TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX/texmf-var.

    TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSVAR
    -

    Override

    Override $TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR/texmf-var.

    TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFHOME
    -

    Override

    Override $HOME/texmf.

    -

    It would be better to support a standard GNU-style

    It would be better to support a standard GNU-style configure with options, instead of these environment variables. Volunteers are welcome! -

    +

    3.3 Installing individual packages to disk

    -

    You can add individual packages or collections from the current distribution to an existing non-T

    You can add individual packages or collections from the current distribution to an existing non-TEX Live setup, or an earlier TEX Live installation. -

    To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The exact command to do +

    To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The exact command to do this varies from system to system; the following works under Linux, except the name of the device (/dev/cdrom, here) may vary. (All our examples will use > as the shell prompt; user input is underlined.)

    -

    > mount -t /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
    -

    Change the current directory to the mount point:

    -

    Change the current directory to the mount point:

    +

    > cd /mnt/cdrom
    -

    Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under

    Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under /Volumes, and the media will be mounted automatically. -

    Run the installation script

    Run the installation script install-pkg.sh (not install-tl.sh, which is intended for complete installations only):

    -

    +

    > options
    -

    The first set of options controls what gets read: -

    +

    The first set of options controls what gets read: +

    --package=pkgname
    -

    The individual package to work on. +

    The individual package to work on.

    --collection=colname
    -

    The individual collection to work on. +

    The individual collection to work on.

    --nodoc
    -

    Exclude documentation files from the operation. +

    Exclude documentation files from the operation.

    --nosrc
    -

    Exclude source files from the operation. +

    Exclude source files from the operation.

    --cddir=dir
    -

    Source directory to read from; defaults to the current directory. If you followed the +

    Source directory to read from; defaults to the current directory. If you followed the instructions above, that will be the distribution directory, and won’t need to be changed.

    --listdir=dir
    -

    The so-called ‘lists’ directory within

    The so-called ‘lists’ directory within cddir from which to read the package information. The only reason to change the default is if you’re making changes to TEX Live yourself.

    -

    What actually happens is controlled by the following options. If neither of these are specified, the +

    What actually happens is controlled by the following options. If neither of these are specified, the default action is to install the selected files. The main destination tree is found by expanding $TEXMFMAIN with kpsewhich. You can override it by setting either the e class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN or TEXMF. -

    +

    --listonly
    -

    List the files that would be installed, but don’t actually install anything. +

    List the files that would be installed, but don’t actually install anything.

    --archive=tarfile
    -

    Instead of installing the files into the T

    Instead of installing the files into the TEX system, make a tar archive.

    -

    Additional options: -

    +

    Additional options: +

    --config
    -

    After installation, run

    After installation, run texconfig init. @@ -1711,22 +1714,22 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig init. --nohash

    -

    After installation, don’t run

    After installation, don’t run mktexlsr to rebuild the filename database.

    --verbose
    -

    Give more information as the script runs. +

    Give more information as the script runs.

    -

    Here are some usage examples: -

    +

    Here are some usage examples: +

    1. To see the files in the package fancyhdr without installing it:
      -

      +

      > ... class="enumerate" id="x1-16004x2">Install the LATEX package natbib:
      -

      +

      > --package=natbib class="enumerate" id="x1-16006x3">Install the LATEX package alg without source files or documentation:
      -

      +

      > --nodoc
    2. Install all the packages in the collection of additional plain TEX macros:
      -

      +

      > --collection=tex-plainextra class="ec-lmss-10">pstricks package to a tar file in /tmp:
      -

      +

      > --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar
    -

    If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to +

    If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to mount the TEX Live media, which directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site. -

    +

    4 Post-installation

    -

    After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the remaining steps are to configure the +

    After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the remaining steps are to configure the system for your local needs, and perform some basic tests. -

    Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or programs that were not included in +

    Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or programs that were not included in TEX Live. The basic idea is to install such additions in the TEXMFLOCAL tree (if you installed to @@ -1821,7 +1824,7 @@ disk), or TEXMFSYSVAR (if you are running live). See the “Installation directories” option on p. 21. -

    Unfortunately, the details can and do vary widely, and so we do not attempt to address them here. +

    Unfortunately, the details can and do vary widely, and so we do not attempt to address them here. Here are some external links to descriptions:

    -

    +

    4.1 The texconfig program

    -

    At any time after installation, you can and should use the program

    At any time after installation, you can and should use the program texconfig to configure the system to fit your local needs. It is installed in the architecture-specific subdirectory TEXDIR/bin/arch along with everything else. -

    If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and allow you to view and change +

    If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and allow you to view and change options interactively. -

    You can also run it with various command-line options. Here are some of the most common (T

    You can also run it with various command-line options. Here are some of the most common (TEX Live is configured for the A4 paper size by default): -

    +

    texconfig paper letter
    -

    Set default paper size for various programs and drivers (

    Set default paper size for various programs and drivers (pdftex, dvips, dvipdfm, a4, which is the default. texconfig rehash

    -

    Update all the T

    Update all the TEX “filename databases”, after adding or removing files.

    texconfig faq
    -

    Show the teT

    Show the teTEX FAQ. (See also the main TEX FAQ in texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en.) @@ -1887,10 +1890,10 @@ href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en" >texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-entexconfig help

    -

    Output help information for

    Output help information for texconfig.

    -

    Of course,

    Of course, texconfig can only support changing a few of the many options and configuration parameters in a TEX system. The main configuration file for the base Web2C programs is named @@ -1898,7 +1901,7 @@ class="E">EX system. The main configuration file for the base Web2 class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf. You can find its location by running ‘kpsewhich texmf.cnf’; it contains many comments explaining the default settings and useful alternatives. -

    texconfig alters files in a user-specific directory, as in $HOME/.texlive2007. If you install TEX just @@ -1908,39 +1911,39 @@ want to change the configuration for the whole system. In this case, run texconfig-sys instead of texconfig. -

    Likewise, the

    Likewise, the updmap and fmtutil scripts were changed, to work under $HOME/.texliveYYYY. To alter system directories, use updmap-sys and fmtutil-sys. -

    In particular, for multi-user systems, you will probably want to pregenerate the standard formats +

    In particular, for multi-user systems, you will probably want to pregenerate the standard formats with fmtutil-sys –missing. Otherwise, each user will end up with their own formats. -

    Also, if you have a personally-modified copy of

    Also, if you have a personally-modified copy of fmtutil.cnf or updmap.cfg, instead of using the ones generated by installation, they must be installed in the tree referenced by the variable TEXMFSYSCONFIG. -

    The variables specifying the directories altered by these commands are listed in section 

    The variables specifying the directories altered by these commands are listed in section 2.3, p. 8. You can see the actual directories by running texconfig conf, and you can change them by editing texmf.cnf. -

    +

    4.2 Testing the installation

    -

    After installing T

    After installing TEX Live as best you can, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/or fonts. -

    This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix +

    This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix commands; under Mac OS X and Windows, you’re more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but the principles are the same. -

    +

    1. Make sure that you can run the tex program in the first place:
      -

      +

      > 17.
    2. Process a basic LATEX file:
      -

      +

      > sample2e.tex or other files, perhaps you have interfer class="E">EX to report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see “Debugging actions” on page 59. +href="#x1-630008.2.4">60.
    3. Preview the result online:
      -

      +

      > display’.
    4. Create a PostScript file for printing or display:
      -

      +

      > sample2e.ps class="enumerate" id="x1-19010x5">Create a PDF file instead of DVI; this processes the .tex file and writes PDF directly:
      -

      +

      > sample2e.tex
    5. Preview the PDF file:
      -

      +

      > http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf,
    6. Other standard test files you may find useful: -

      +

      small2e.tex
      -

      A simpler document than

      A simpler document than sample2e, to reduce the input size if you’re having troubles.

      testpage.tex
      -

      Test if your printer introduces any offsets. +

      Test if your printer introduces any offsets.

      nfssfont.tex
      -

      For printing font tables and tests. +

      For printing font tables and tests.

      testfont.tex
      -

      Also for font tables, but using plain T

      Also for font tables, but using plain TEX.

      story.tex
      -

      The most canonical (plain) T

      The most canonical (plain) TEX test file of all. You must type ‘\bye’ to the * prompt after ‘tex story.tex’.

      -

      You can process these in the same way as we did with

      You can process these in the same way as we did with sample2e.tex.

    -

    If you are new to T

    If you are new to TEX, or otherwise need help with actually constructing TEX or LATEX @@ -2134,10 +2137,10 @@ href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/begin.html for some introductory resources. -

    +

    5 Mac OS X installation

    -

    The recommended way to install T

    The recommended way to install TEX on Mac OS X is from the MacTEX distribution, new in 2005. This is provided on the EX Live, along with many additional applications and documentation. The project web page is http://tug.org/mactex. -

    If you prefer, installation of T

    If you prefer, installation of TEX under Mac OS X can also be done directly from TEX Live, using the install* scripts, as follows. -

    In order to run the installation scripts under Mac OS X, you need to have the

    In order to run the installation scripts under Mac OS X, you need to have the bash shell installed. If you are running Mac OS X 10.2 or later, you have bash, and can proceed. If you’re running an earlier @@ -2163,21 +2166,21 @@ Mac OS X version, however, the default shell is zsh, which won’t work; you’ll need to get bash from the Internet, or more likely upgrade your system. -

    Once you have

    Once you have bash, the Unix installation documentation in the previous section can be followed. See section 3 on p. 10; Mac OS X-specific notes are included there where needed. -

    +

    6 Windows installation

    -

    In this release of T

    In this release of TEX Live, happily, the distribution once again has a native Windows installer, named tlpmgui.exe. (See section 2.1, p. 6, for an explanation of the different distributions.) -

    tlpmgui has essentially the same options as the Unix installer, only done through a GUI interface: selecting schemes, individual collections, installation directories, and so on. Section 3.2 on p. tlpmgui can setup the system for running programs directly from the DVD. -

    For those who like to look underneath the hood,

    For those who like to look underneath the hood, tlpmgui uses as its “engine” a command-line Windows program named tlpm. -

    The Windows T

    The Windows TEX system included in TEX Live is based on new binaries borrowed from the W32TEX distribution, kindly provided by Akira Kakuto. It also includes some older (but still @@ -2198,10 +2201,10 @@ working) tools made by Fabrice Popineau, and also a new dvi previewer, dviout by Toshio Oshima. -

    T

    TEX Live can be installed on systems running Windows 98, ME, NT, 2K or XP. Older versions of Windows (3.1x) and MS-DOS are not supported. -

    Warning: Win9.x users must ensure they have enough environment space before undertaking installation. The tlpmgui.exe program won’t change the environment size for them. A few @@ -2209,11 +2212,11 @@ environment variables will be created and it is possible you run out of environm SHELL=<path>COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /P in the config.sys file in order to increase your environment size. -

    +

    6.1 Installing TEX Live to disk

    -

    After inserting the T

    After inserting the TEX Live CD into the CD drive, autostart should activate tlpmgui. If it does not, click <drive letter> is the drive letter with the TeX Live CD (or TeX Collection DVD), and then click OK. -

    The installation window titled

    The installation window titled TeX Live installation and maintenance utility should open. It contains the following sections: Main customization, Directories and Options. -

    In the

    In the Directories section the installation drive (directory) next to the CD/DVD button should be displayed (e.g., F:/texlive/ for the DVD), but if it is not, then click class="ec-lmss-10">CD/DVD button and select the CD/DVD drive, with the TEX Live CD (or TeX Collection DVD). -

    The directory in which you wish to install the software can be set by clicking the

    The directory in which you wish to install the software can be set by clicking the TLroot button. This directory will be set as TLroot environment variable for later usage. The TEXMFTEMP and TEXMFCNF buttons will be adjusted automatically and set during installation, but they can also be adjusted manually now to suit special needs. -

    In the

    In the Select a scheme section the desired TEX Live installation scheme should be chosen by clicking the radio button labelled with the installation scheme name (e.g., scheme-gust). Each scheme is accompanied by an Info button which, when clicked, displays a short description of the relevant scheme. -

    A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind of usage. There are generic schemes for +

    A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind of usage. There are generic schemes for basic, medium and full installations. The remaining ones are either targeted at certain LUGs (i.e., what GUST or GUTenberg propose for their members) or application targeted (e.g., for XML and TSelect button labelled Standard collections, additional collections like Metapost, Omega or documentation in different languages can be selected. -

    Note: The Ghostscript, Perl and PERL5LIB and GS_LIB environment variables will be set too. -

    Next, clicking the

    Next, clicking the Select button labelled Language Collections in the Main customization section opens the Language collections window in which the installation language can be chosen by ticking the box next to the language. -

    Next, click the

    Next, click the Install button in the Install section to start the installation proper process. -

    The T

    The TEX Live system needs some post-processing steps (format files generation, ls-R databases generation, environment variables, etc.). All these operations are done there, some of them can be lengthy. So please wait until you see a statement about the successfully finished installation. -

    The shortcut for

    The shortcut for tlpmgui will be added to the StartProgramsTeXLive2007 menu. -

    If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will be asked to reboot your computer. -

    +

    If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will be asked to reboot your computer. +

    6.2 Support packages for Windows

    -

    To be complete, a T

    To be complete, a TEX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows machine. Many scripts are written using the Perl language. Some important tools require the Ghostscript PostScript interpreter to render or to convert files. A graphic file toolbox is also needed in @@ -2327,7 +2330,7 @@ some cases. Last but not least, a TEX-oriented editor makes it easy to type in your TEX files. -

    All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to make your life even easier, +

    All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to make your life even easier, we have put such a set of tools on TEX Live:

      @@ -2341,12 +2344,12 @@ class="E">EX Live Perl scripts.
    • win-tools is a set of small programs (bzip2, gzip, jpeg2ps and tiff2png)
    -

    Perl and Ghostscript are installed upon request; you may explicitly deselect them during installation +

    Perl and Ghostscript are installed upon request; you may explicitly deselect them during installation if you already have them. -

    If you don’t want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to install the required tools to +

    If you don’t want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to install the required tools to complete your TEX Live system. Here is a list of places to get those tools: -

    +

    Ghostscript
    SciTE is available from http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html
  • -

    You might want to install other tools that are not +

    You might want to install other tools that are not free1 @@ -2444,16 +2447,16 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/ or any CTAN site. -

    +

    7 Maintenance of the installation in Windows

    -

    If you have TeX Live installed, you can use

    If you have TeX Live installed, you can use tlpmgui again for modifying and maintaining your installation. -

    +

    7.1 Adding/removing packages

    -

    As the

    As the tlpmgui shortcut is available in the StartAdd Packages, Remove packages, Manage installation, Remove installation. -

    Click the tab labelled

    Click the tab labelled Add packages or Remove packages to enter the relevant functionality and then: @@ -2484,11 +2487,11 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">Select packages tosection the list of packages to install or remove. -

    When adding packages, the list of installed packages is compared to the list of packages +

    When adding packages, the list of installed packages is compared to the list of packages available from your CD/DVD. Only packages not already installed are displayed. It is up to you to select which packages you want to install. -

    When removing individual packages, only a list of installed packages will be displayed. -

    Please note that for both

    When removing individual packages, only a list of installed packages will be displayed. +

    Please note that for both Add packages and Remove packages the collections are listed first. @@ -2505,15 +2508,15 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">Info about the selected item section. To select severa class="ec-lmss-10">Install or Remove button in the Buttons section to perform the appropriate action. -

    +

    7.2 Configuring and other management tasks

    -

    The functions available in the tab labelled

    The functions available in the tab labelled Manage the installation are helpful in performing actions needed when you want to add support for a language which was not selected during the installation, or add/regenerate a format which was not selected during the installation or was modified after the installation. -

    The following actions can be performed: +

    The following actions can be performed:

    • Refresh the ls-R database @@ -2530,34 +2533,34 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf
    • Edit updmap.cfg
    -

    Note: you can close the Edit… window with the

    Note: you can close the Edit… window with the Cancel or Done button; the latter will start rebuilding the format files (or the fontmap files if you have edited updmap.cfg), followed by a ls-R database files refresh. -

    For more information about the configuration see section 

    For more information about the configuration see section 7.8, p. 37. -

    +

    7.3 Uninstalling TEX Live

    -

    The tab labelled

    The tab labelled Remove the TeX Live installation opens a window which contains functionality not worth describing and we do not know who would need it and what it is for…:-) -

    Anyway, if you have the

    Anyway, if you have the texmf-local directory for your local additions, the removal procedure will not wipe it out or delete things in it. The setup-win32 directory containing tlpmgui and related files will not be deleted. You will have to do some manual cleanup to actually remove them. -

    +

    7.4 Adding your own packages to the installation

    -

    First, whatever changes you make,

    First, whatever changes you make, do not forget to rebuild the ls-R database files. Otherwise, your new files will not be found. You can do this either via the tlpmgui run and selection of the @@ -2565,13 +2568,13 @@ appropriate action from the Manage the installation tab, or manually running the mktexlsr command. -

    If you want to add files that are not provided by the T

    If you want to add files that are not provided by the TEX Live distribution, it is recommended to put them in the $TEXMFLOCAL directory. This way, you will be safe against upgrades of the TEX Live software. -

    The directory pointed to by

    The directory pointed to by $TEXMFLOCAL is initially empty. If, for example, you want to add the support file for the Maple symbolic computation program, you will have to put the style files in: @@ -2580,11 +2583,11 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">c:\TeXLive2007\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\
    and the documentation files in:
    c:\TeXLive2007\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\ -

    +

    7.5 Running tlmp.exe from the command line

    -

    The

    The tlpm.exe program which is used as engine by tlpmgui has a number of other useful options. You can get the list by running: @@ -2599,13 +2602,13 @@ class="verbatim">

    -

    -

    More information and examples of use can be found in

    +

    More information and examples of use can be found in tlpm.readme. -

    +

    7.6 Network installation

    -

    Kpathsea knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF tree from the network. +

    Kpathsea knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF tree from the network. But there is better than this. All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the bin/win32 are shareable with a teT$TEXMFMAIN to the class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf tree that will be accessed remotely. Set $TEXMFVAR to be a local directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly generated files. -

    +

    7.7 What’s different in Windows?

    -

    The Windows version of Web2C has some specific features that should be pointed out. -

    +

    The Windows version of Web2C has some specific features that should be pointed out. +

    Kpathsea
    The hash-tables that Kpathsea builds are quite large for the TEX Live. In order to - cut down the starting time of any Kpathsea-enabled program, these hash-tables have been - put in shared memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such programs, - like tex calling mpost calling tex, the overhead when starting each of the subprograms - is reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the debug flag of kpathsea - to the -1 value: you will then trace access to the shared memory, which is not what you - want (it is accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared memory access - is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve in the future. -
    -kpsecheck
    This command provides some options that did not fit well into kpsewhich. It will allow @@ -2660,56 +2647,44 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">README files). It is noticeable that all these files result in clashes inside the Kpathsea-hashing mechanism; fortunately, Kpathsea never looks for these files. For this reason, you can combine the -multiple-occurrences with 2 other options for including or excluding any filename that - match some pattern (you can request for several patterns). - -

    The

    The kpsecheck command will also report the status of shared memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know because if the status reported is ‘in use’, that means one or several processes are working, and the effect of any mktexlsr command will be delayed until the next time where no Kpathsea linked process will be running. -

    Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks Ghostscript can be found. +

    Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the Ghostscript registry key than to change the PATH, which has a limited length anyway. + +

    Web2C
    The engines have a few more options than in Unix Web2C, and one option with a different - behavior: +class="description">The engines have one more option than in Unix Web2C:
    • -halt-on-error stop the compilation at the first error. -
    • -
    • -job-time set the job time to the same timestamp as the file given in argument. -
    • -
    • -oem use the DOS codepage for console output. -
    • -
    • -output-directory allow to write all the output files in the specified directory. -
    • -
    • -time-statistics print statistics about the job run time. It is to be noted that - Win9x not being a true multitasking operating system, it has no reliable timer for short - periods, so the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result is quite - accurate with user time and system time values allocated for this run. For Unix users: - the time command is not usually available to Windows users.
    +class="ec-lmtt-10">-proctimes print statistics about the job run time. It is to be noted that Win9x not + being a true multitasking operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so + the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result is quite accurate + with user time and system time values allocated for this run. For Unix users: the time + command is not usually available to Windows users.
    -

    +

    7.8 Personal configurations

    -

    +

    7.8.1 Dvips
    -

    The configuration file for dvips can be found in +

    The configuration file for dvips can be found in
    C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps
    You may open it with any editor and change some parameters: -

    +

    fonts
    -

    +

    paper
    @. Move the appropriate lines so that this section beg
      @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter
      @+ letter
      @+ %%EndPaperSize
    -

    The current T

    The current TEX Live distribution implements the procedure of making always up-to-date fontmaps files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by the updmap program during installation, as well as during -any font package addition. If you add new packages by hand, edit the file updmap program during installation. If you add +new font packages using the installation program or by hand, edit the file updmap.cfg in $TEXMFVAR/web2c. -

    +

    7.8.2 PdfTeX
    -

    If you use the program pdflatex to write PDF format directly, and you are using US letter-size paper, +

    If you use the program pdflatex to write PDF format directly, and you are using US letter-size paper, edit the file C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-var\tex\generic\config\pdftexconfig.tex and change ‘\pdfpagewidth’ and ‘\pdfpageheight’. These entries should read:

    -

    +

    \pdfpagewidth=8.5 true true in
    Save the file and exit the editor. -

    +

    7.8.3 GSView
    -

    GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no longer included in TXeTeX

    +

    XeTEX for Windows is linked statically with fontconfig 2.4.2. A configuration file for fontconfig is +fonts.conf. For details, see the file fonts.conf itself which is in a directory shown by the command +kpsewhich –var-value=FONTCONFIG_PATH. + + +

    +

    7.8.4 GSView
    +

    GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no longer included in TEX Live. -

    If you may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open GSView from the Start menu, -and select

    You may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open GSView from the Start menu, and +select MediaLetter. -

    Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most readable screen image. On +

    Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most readable screen image. On MediaDisplay Settings, set both Text Alpha and Graphics Alpha to 4 bits. -

    Note that the installation process has set all

    Note that the installation process has set all .ps and .eps files to automatically open with GSView. - -

    For printing instructions, see section 7.10 below. -

    +class="ec-lmss-10">GSView. +

    For printing instructions, see section 7.10 below. +

    7.8.5 XeTeX
    +

    XeTEX for Windows is linked statically with fontconfig 2.4.2. A configuration file for fontconfig is +fonts.conf. For details, see the file fonts.conf itself which is in a directory shown by the command +kpsewhich –var-value=FONTCONFIG_PATH. +

    7.9 Testing

    -

    For generic verification procedures, see section Testing +

    For generic verification procedures, see section 4.2 (p. 28). This section describes Windows-specific tests. -

    Open the file

    Open the file sample2e.tex in your editor (Xemacs, WinShell), found in C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-dist\tex\latex\base. The LATEX source should appear on the screen. @@ -2830,19 +2825,19 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">CommandView DVI menu (XEmacs) or Preview (dviout) icon (WinShell). -

    At first, when you preview files with

    At first, when you preview files with dviout, it will create fonts because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window. -

    Hint for the future: If a LATEX run stops because LATEX cannot find a file, you can press Ctrl-z to quit. -

    +

    7.10 Printing

    -

    It is possible to print from Printing +

    It is possible to print from dviout. In this case, printing will be done using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it is compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it can generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows just don’t like @@ -2850,7 +2845,7 @@ them. The advantage is that you can use features like embedding BMP or WMF image also need to make sure that the printer parameters are correctly set, else you will get scaled printing (printing at 600dpi on a 300dpi printer will give you only one quadrant of your page). -

    Printing is faster and more reliable if you run

    Printing is faster and more reliable if you run dvips to make a .ps file and then print from GSView. In @@ -2861,7 +2856,7 @@ class="cmsy-10">→Print. A Print window will appear. -

    If you are using a PostScript printer,

    If you are using a PostScript printer, be sure to select PostScript Printer. This is done in the Print @@ -2871,7 +2866,9 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">Print window. You can then select any of the printers previously installed. If you fail to check the box for PostScript Printer, printing will not work. -

    If you will be using your own non-PostScript printer, select

    If you will be using your own non-PostScript printer, select Ghostscript device in the Print Method box, then click on the button to the right labelled PostScript Printer is not selected, then select your printer type from the Device list.) -

    +

    7.11 Tips and tricks for Win32

    -

    + id="x1-400007.11">Tips and tricks for Win32 +

    7.11.1 Different flavors of Win32
    -

    What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large set of functions (around 12,000 in + id="x1-410007.11.1">Different flavors of Win32 +

    What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large set of functions (around 12,000 in the header files of the Microsoft SDK) that you can use to write programs for different operating systems of the Windows family. -

    Windows comes in different flavors: - - +

    Windows comes in different flavors:

    -

    Win9x are able to run 32 bits programs and 16 bits programs concurrently. But the operating +

    Win9x are able to run 32 bits programs and 16 bits programs concurrently. But the operating system by itself is not entirely written in 32 bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory! Some parts of the system like the GDI (Graphical Device Interface) manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the @@ -2919,33 +2914,35 @@ set of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available at time can’t amount for more than 64kB. This explains the performance tool and the fact that you can put your system on his knees by making intensive use of graphic objects for example. -

    NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from other Win9x limitations. They +

    NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because of better memory management, better file system and so on. -

    +

    7.11.2 Command line prompt
    -

    You may wonder, “Why would I need to use a command line prompt when I have Windows?” -

    Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations can be done easily using + id="x1-420007.11.2">Command line prompt +

    You may wonder, “Why would I need to use a command line prompt when I have Windows?” + + +

    Good question! The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations can be done easily using only a GUI. Command line gives you programming power — assuming a clever command interpreter. -

    But the problem here is more fundamental: T

    But the problem here is more fundamental: TEX is a batch tool. Not an interactive one. TEX needs to compute the best layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a task that can be done interactively. -

    This means that you should use T

    This means that you should use TEX from a command line. In fact the situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because they are independent of any GUI problems, and GUI tools can be designed to interface to the command line tools. This is the case for TEX, where you will mostly interact with it through a GUI text editor. -

    However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of situations. One is when you +

    However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of situations. One is when you are having difficulties and want to debug your setup. -

    +

    Win9x
    StartRun menu typing in command.com as the - progrm name. - + program name.
    NT, 2K, XP
    cmd.exe, which is the name of the brand new command interpreter for NT (thus, it is untrue to call this a DOS box!).
    -

    These locations may change across different Windows versions. -

    +

    These locations may change across different Windows versions. +

    7.11.3 Path separators
    -

    The Win32 API understands both Path separators +

    The Win32 API understands both / and \ characters as PATH separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a path name is used programmatically, you can use both separators, @@ -2989,14 +2985,14 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\ as path separator. The reason is compatibility: the command processor used ‘/’ to introduce arguments to commands. -

    All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using the Unix convention; fpTEX is a -port of Web2C, and aims to be compatible across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files -that need to specify path names use the Unix convention. -

    +

    All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using the Unix convention; +Windows-TEX Live is a port of Web2C, and aims to be compatible across platforms. For this reason, all +the configuration files that need to specify path names use the Unix convention. +

    7.11.4 File systems
    -

    The worst feature of Win9x with regard to TFile systems +

    The worst feature of Win9x with regard to TEX is probably the so-called FAT file system. TEX uses very many small files, with size around 1–3kB. The FAT file system is old, and predates by decades the @@ -3008,19 +3004,21 @@ class="ec-lmri-10">any file on a huge partition. It means that TEX will use much more disk space than it actually needs. -

    The other, more modern, file systems available, FAT32 and NTFS, do not have this drawback. They +

    The other, more modern, file systems available, FAT32 and NTFS, do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kB only. (You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on NTFS.) -

    + + +

    7.11.5 How to add some directory to your PATH
    -

    There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global variables inside your programs. + id="x1-450007.11.5">How to add some directory to your PATH +

    There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the environment when it is run. It can request and change the value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running programs. -

    Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for programs you want to run. There is a +

    Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for programs you want to run. There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP: -

    +

    Windows 95/98
      PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\TeXLive2007\bin\win32 + id="x1-45002r1">  PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\TeXLive2007\bin\win32
    -

    +

    Windows ME
    Environment Variables among the dialog boxes. Now class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH for all users, you will have to contact your system administrator or be the system administrator yourself — in the latter case you should know what you are doing. -

    If there is already a

    If there is already a PATH setting for your user account, left click on PATH. In the field Ok, otherwise the changes to PATH won’t apply to your system. Be careful when changing the environment settings.

    -

    The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to open a console and +

    The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to open a console and type: @@ -3099,36 +3097,35 @@ class="verbatim">

      set VARIABLE + id="x1-45004r1">  set VARIABLE
    -

    which should return the corresponding value. -

    +

    which should return the corresponding value. +

    7.11.6 TTEX engines
    -

    If you have a look at the Web2C documentation, you will read that all the various T

    If you have a look at the Web2C documentation, you will read that all the various TEX derived programs use the same base engine. For example, tex.exe and latex.exe are exact copies of the same program, but each one will use a different format file, based on its calling name. -

    Under Unix, this feature is implemented through

    Under Unix, this feature is implemented through symbolic links. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are used with many different format files. -

    The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost the same amount of memory, all +

    The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost the same amount of memory, all the TEX base engines have been put in DLLs (Dynamic Linked Library). This means that you will have the following layout:

    -

    +

    18/09/2005  14:192006-11-23  07:06          3 584 2 560 latex.exe
    18/09/2005  14:19 2007-01-06  23:54             3 584 pdfetex.exe +class="ec-lmtt-10"> 1 073 664 pdftex.dll
    18/09/2005  14:192006-01-28  08:05        524 288 tl90pdfetex.dll +class="ec-lmtt-10"> 2 560 pdftex.exe
    and the latex.exe file is nothing but a rough copy of pdfetex.exe using the same core tl90pdfetex.dll. The same trick has been used for the mktex*.exe family of programs which are -linked to the pdftex.exe using the same core pdftex.dll. +The same trick has been used for the mktex*.exe family of programs which are linked to the mktex.dll library. -

    In fact, a generic tool called

    In fact, a generic tool called irun.exe is provided to build the equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32. -

    +

    7.12 In case of problems

    -

    + id="x1-470007.12">In case of problems +

    7.12.1 What to do if What to do if latex does not find your files?
  • At this point, if everything is correct, TEX and friends should work. If it is not the case, you w class="ec-lmtt-10">-debug=n option from kpsewhich, and check back all the values. Try to identify and report the problem.
  • -

    +

    7.12.2 What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?
    -

    Here are several questions to investigate: -

    + id="x1-490007.12.2">What to do if your setup still does not work as expected? +

    Here are several questions to investigate: +

    1. Is Is tex.exe in my PATH?
    2. Is the Is the TEXMFCNF variable correctly set to c:/TeXLive2007/texmf-var/web2c (default value)?
    3. Are there any errors in the log file generated by the Are there any errors in the log file generated by the tlmpgui.exe program? tlmpgui.log can be found in your Error’. perhaps some formats weren’t already installed.
    4. Are there any relevant bug fixes at Are there any relevant bug fixes at http://tug.org/texlive/? (Unlikely, but it doesn’t hurt to check.)
    -

    The T

    The TEX Live software consists of hundreds of programs and tens of thousands of files, all from varying sources. So it is quite difficult to predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our best to help you. (See section 1.2, p. 5.) -

    +

    8 A user’s guide to Web2C

    -

    Web2C is an integrated collection of TA user’s guide to Web2C +

    Web2C is an integrated collection of TEX-related programs: TEX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc. It is the heart of TEX Live. -

    A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first +

    A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first TEX-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber. -

    The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. +

    The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. It uses Knuth’s original sources for TEX and other basic programs written in web and translates them into C source code. The core TEX programs are: -

    +

    bibtex
    -

    Maintaining bibliographies. +

    Maintaining bibliographies.

    dmp
    -

    troff to MPX (MetaPost pictures).

    dvicopy
    -

    Expands virtual font references in DVI files. +

    Expands virtual font references in DVI files.

    dvitomp
    -

    DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures). +

    DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).

    dvitype
    -

    DVI to human-readable text. +

    DVI to human-readable text.

    gftodvi
    -

    Generic font proofsheets. +

    Generic font proofsheets.

    gftopk
    -

    Generic to packed fonts. +

    Generic to packed fonts.

    gftype
    -

    GF to human-readable text. +

    GF to human-readable text.

    makempx
    -

    MetaPost label typesetting. +

    MetaPost label typesetting.

    mf
    -

    Creating typeface families. +

    Creating typeface families.

    mft
    -

    Prettyprinting Metafont source. +

    Prettyprinting Metafont source.

    mpost
    -

    Creating technical diagrams. +

    Creating technical diagrams.

    mpto
    -

    MetaPost label extraction. +

    MetaPost label extraction.

    newer
    -

    Compare modification times. +

    Compare modification times.

    patgen
    -

    Creating hyphenation patterns. +

    Creating hyphenation patterns.

    pktogf
    -

    Packed to generic fonts. +

    Packed to generic fonts.

    pktype
    -

    PK to human-readable text. +

    PK to human-readable text.

    pltotf
    -

    Plain text property list to TFM. +

    Plain text property list to TFM.

    pooltype
    -

    Display

    Display web pool files.

    tangle
    -

    web to Pascal.

    tex
    -

    Typesetting. +

    Typesetting.

    tftopl
    -

    TFM to plain text property list. +

    TFM to plain text property list.

    vftovp
    -

    Virtual font to virtual property list. +

    Virtual font to virtual property list.

    vptovf
    -

    Virtual property list to virtual font. +

    Virtual property list to virtual font.

    weave
    -

    web to TEX.

    -

    The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual +

    The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will help you take advantage of your Web2C installation. -

    All programs honor these standard GNU options: +

    All programs honor these standard GNU options:

    --help
    -

    print basic usage summary. +

    print basic usage summary.

    --verbose
    -

    print detailed progress report. +

    print detailed progress report.

    --version
    -

    print version information, then exit.

    -

    For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea. This +

    print version information, then exit. +

    For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching the (huge) collection of TEX files. Web2C can look at more than one directory @@ -3537,11 +3525,11 @@ extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up file searches the root of each tre ls-R, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that root. -

    +

    8.1 Kpathsea path searching

    -

    Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. -

    We call a Kpathsea path searching +

    Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. +

    We call a search path a colon- or semicolon-separated list of path elements, which are basically directory names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file @@ -3551,23 +3539,23 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">.:/dir’, Kpathsea checks each element of the pat class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file, then /dir/my-file, returning the first match (or possibly all matches). -

    In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can +

    In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use filename separators different from colon (‘:’) and slash (‘/’). -

    To check a particular path element

    To check a particular path element p, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database” on page 55) applies to 56) applies to p, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of p. If so, the path specification is matched against the contents of the database. -

    If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the +

    If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this was not forbidden by a specification starting with ‘!!’ and if the file being searched for must exist). Kpathsea constructs the list of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks in each for the file being sought. -

    The “file must exist” condition comes into play with ‘

    The “file must exist” condition comes into play with ‘.vf’ files and input files read by TEX’s \openin @@ -3579,26 +3567,26 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf’ file, it will never be found. Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops and the result is returned. -

    Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports +

    Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea expands a path element, meaning it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following sections in the same order as it takes place. -

    Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘

    Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘/’ or ‘./’ or ‘../’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists. -

    +

    8.1.1 Path sources
    -

    A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: -

    + id="x1-520008.1.1">Path sources +

    A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: +

    1. A user-set environment variable, for instance, A user-set environment variable, for instance, TEXINPUTS. Environment variables with a period and a program name appended override; e.g., if ‘latex’ is the name of the program @@ -3607,26 +3595,26 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex will override TEXINPUTS.
    2. A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘S /a:/b’ in dvips’s config.ps.
    3. A Kpathsea configuration file A Kpathsea configuration file texmf.cnf, containing a line like ‘TEXINPUTS=/c:/d’ (see below).
    4. The compile-time default.
    -

    You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging + class="enumerate" id="x1-52008x4">The compile-time default. +

    You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” on page 59). -

    +href="#x1-630008.2.4">60). +

    8.1.2 Config files
    -

    Kpathsea reads Config files +

    Kpathsea reads runtime configuration files named texmf.cnf for search path and other definitions. The search path used to look for these files is named \ at the end of a line acts as a continuation characte

  • Each remaining line has the form:
    -

    +

      texmf.cnf for Unix, MS-DOS and
  • All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are defined.
  • -

    A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: -

    +

    A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: +

      TEXMF   = {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
      TEXINPUTS.latex   = .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//
      TEXINPUTS.fontinst = .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//
      % e-TeX related files
      TEXINPUTS.elatex   = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//
      TEXINPUTS.etex   = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
    -

    +

    8.1.3 Path expansion
    -

    Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those + id="x1-540008.1.3">Path expansion +

    Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells. As a general example, the complex path, ~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz, expands to all subdirectories under directories $USER’s home directory that contain a directory baz. These expansions are explained in the sections below.

    8.1.4 Default expansion
    -

    If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 50) contains an Default expansion +

    If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 51) contains an extra colon (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an environment variable setting

    -

    +

    > /home/karl: class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS value from texmf.cnf of
    -

    +

      .:$TEXMF//tex
    then the final value used for searching will be:
    -

    +

      /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
    -

    Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only +

    Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra ‘:’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘:’, then a trailing ‘:’, then a doubled ‘:’. -

    +

    8.1.5 Brace expansion
    -

    A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, Brace expansion +

    A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, v{a,b}w expands to vaw:vbw. Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple T

        TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN} + id="x1-56002r1">    TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
    -

    Using this you can then write something like +

    Using this you can then write something like
        TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex// + id="x1-56004r1">    TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
    -

    which means that, after looking in the current directory, the

    which means that, after looking in the current directory, the $TEXMFHOME/tex, $TEXMFLOCAL/tex, $TEXMF variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the up-to-date tree first. -

    +

    8.1.6 Subdirectory expansion
    -

    Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory Subdirectory expansion +

    Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory d is replaced by all subdirectories of d: first those subdirectories directly under d, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is unspecified. -

    If you specify any filename components after the ‘

    If you specify any filename components after the ‘//’, only subdirectories with matching components are included. For example, ‘/a//b’ expands into directories /a/1/1/b, and so on, but not /a/b/c or /a/1. -

    Multiple ‘

    Multiple ‘//’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘//’ at the beginning of a path is ignored. -

    +

    8.1.7 List of special characters and their meaning: a summary
    -

    The following list summarizes the special characters in Kpathsea configuration files. -

    + id="x1-580008.1.7">List of special characters and their meaning: a summary +

    The following list summarizes the special characters in Kpathsea configuration files. +

    :
    -

    Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path it substitutes the +

    Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.

    ;
    -

    Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like

    Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like :).

    $
    -

    Variable expansion. +

    Variable expansion.

    ~
    -

    Represents the user’s home directory. +

    Represents the user’s home directory.

    {...}
    -

    Brace expansion. +

    Brace expansion.

    //
    -

    Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning). +

    Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).

    %
    -

    Start of comment. +

    Start of comment.

    \
    -

    Continuation character (allows multi-line entries). +

    Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).

    !!
    -

    Search

    Search only database to locate file, do not search the disk.

    -

    +

    8.2 Filename databases

    -

    Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, at installations with + id="x1-590008.2">Filename databases +

    Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time (this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to be traversed.) Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built plain text “database” file named ls-R that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk. -

    A second database file

    A second database file aliases allows you to give additional names to the files listed in ls-R. This can be helpful to confirm to DOS 8.3 filename conventions in source files. -

    +

    8.2.1 The filename database
    -

    As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be The filename database +

    As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be ls-R. You can put one at the root of each TEX hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched (ls-R files along the TEXMFDBS path. -

    The recommended way to create and maintain ‘

    The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ls-R’ is to run the mktexlsr script included with the distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘mktex’… scripts. In principle, this script just runs the command

    -

    +

    cd cron, so that it is automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a LATEX package. -

    If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a +

    If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with ‘!!’, however, only the database will be searched for that element, never the disk. -

    +

    8.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
    -

    The kpsewhich: Standalone path searching +

    The kpsewhich program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful as a sort of find program to locate files in TEX hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed ‘mktex’… scripts).

    -

    +

    > option start with either ‘-’ or ‘--’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted. -

    Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the +

    Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘find’ utility for that). -

    The more important options are described next. -

    +

    The more important options are described next. +

    --dpi=num
    -

    Set the resolution to

    Set the resolution to num; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. ‘dvips. Default is 600. class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=name

    -

    +


    Set the format for lookup to name. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files @@ -4072,7 +4060,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help for a list. class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=string

    -

    +


    Set the mode name to string; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. No default: any mode --must-exist

    -

    +


    Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficiency. @@ -4091,7 +4079,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficienc class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=string

    -

    +


    Search along the path string (colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from the filename. ‘name

    -

    +


    Set the program name to name. This can affect the search paths via the .kpsewhich. class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=name

    -

    +


    shows the path used for file lookups of file type name. Either a filename extension (.pk, --format’ option. class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=num

    -

    +


    sets the debugging options to num.

    -

    +

    8.2.3 Examples of use
    -

    Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search: + id="x1-620008.2.3">Examples of use +

    Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:

    -

    +

    > texmf-distTEX Live directory. Similarly, all of the following are found without problems thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
    -

    That last is a BibTeX bibliography database for

    That last is a BibTeX bibliography database for TUGBoat articles.

    -

    +

    > .pk’ files in TEX Live — the Type 1 variants are used by default.
    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
    -

    For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington) we had to generate ‘

    For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington) we had to generate ‘.pk’ files, and since the default Metafont mode on our installation is ljfour with a base resolution of 600dpi (dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.

    -

    +

    > xdvi would go off and actually build the required .pk files using the script mktexpk. -

    Next we turn our attention to

    Next we turn our attention to dvips’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general prolog tex.pro for Tdvips config) for the file config.ps.

    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
    -

    We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the +

    We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is ‘utm’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the map file:

    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
    The contents of that file is
    -

    +

      p +utm.map
    which points to the file utm.map, which we want to locate next.
    -

    +

    >  /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
    This map file defines the file names of the Type 1 PostScript fonts in the URW collection. Its contents look like (we only show part of the lines):
    -

    +

    utmb8r  <utmr8a.pfb class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb and find its position in the texmf directory tree with a search for Type 1 font files:
    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
    -

    It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. +

    It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since kpsewhich will show you the first file encountered. -

    +

    8.2.4 Debugging actions
    -

    Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical, + id="x1-630008.2.4">Debugging actions +

    Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical, Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output: -

    +

     1
    -

    stat calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date ls-R database this should almost give no output. @@ -4430,46 +4418,46 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database this should  2

    -

    References to hash tables (such as

    References to hash tables (such as ls-R databases, map files, configuration files).

     4
    -

    File open and close operations. +

    File open and close operations.

     8
    -

    General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where +

    General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a particular path for the file was defined.

    16
    -

    Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk). +

    Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).

    32
    -

    File searches.

    -

    A value of

    File searches. +

    A value of -1 will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient. -

    Similarly, with the

    Similarly, with the dvips program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the problem is. -

    Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug +

    Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by using the KPATHSEA_DEBUG environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the above list. -

    (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic +

    (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log). -

    Let us consider, as an example, a small LAT

    Let us consider, as an example, a small LATEX source file, hello-world.tex, which contains the following input. @@ -4480,23 +4468,23 @@ class="verbatim">

        \documentclass{article} + id="x1-63002r1">    \documentclass{article}
        \begin{document} + id="x1-63004r2">    \begin{document}
        Hello World! + id="x1-63006r3">    Hello World!
        \end{document} + id="x1-63008r4">    \end{document}
    -

    This little file only uses the font

    This little file only uses the font cmr10, so let us look at how dvips prepares the PostScript file (we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option -Pcms).

    -

    +

    > dvips Reference Manual, texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html). The output (slightly rearranged) appears in Figure 1. -


    1. +


    @@ -4614,7 +4602,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9">=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
    Figure 1: Finding configuration files
    +class="content">Finding configuration files
    kdebug:start /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
    Figure 2: Finding the prolog file
    +class="content">Finding the prolog file
    kdebug:start<cmr10.pfb>[1]
    Figure 3: Finding the font file
    +class="content">Finding the font file

    -

    dvips starts by locating its working files. First, texmf.cnf is found, which gives the definitions of the search paths for the other files, then the file database dvips command). This file contains the list of the map which define the relation between the TEX, PostScript and file system names of the fonts.

    -

    +

    >  +amsbkm.map class="ec-lmss-10">dvips thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic map file psfonts.map, which is always loaded (it contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of Section 8.2.3 for more +href="#x1-620008.2.3">8.2.3 for more details about PostScript map file handling). -

    At this point

    At this point dvips identifies itself to the user:

    -

    +

    This is (www.radicaleye.com)
    Then it goes on to look for the prolog file texc.pro:
    -

    +


    kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
    -

    After having found the file in question,

    After having found the file in question, dvips outputs date and time, and informs us that it will generate the file hello-world.ps, then that it needs the font file cmr10, and that the latter is declared as “resident” (no bitmaps needed):

    -

    +


    TeX outputcmr10.pfb of the font is located and included in the o file (see last line).
    -

    +


    kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm,<cmr10.pfb>[1]

    8.3 Runtime options

    -

    Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters + id="x1-640008.3">Runtime options +

    Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file texmf.cnf read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of that file in the TEX Live distribution. The more important are: -

    +

    main_memory
    -

    Total words of memory available, for T

    Total words of memory available, for TEX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of Ttexmf.cnf. extra_mem_bot

    -

    Extra space for “large” T

    Extra space for “large” TEX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you use PI CTEX. @@ -4921,28 +4909,28 @@ class="E">EX. font_mem_size

    -

    Number of words for font information available for T

    Number of words for font information available for TEX. This is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.

    hash_extra
    -

    Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Approximately 10,000 control +

    Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references, this might not be enough. The default value of hash_extra is 50000.

    -

    Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these +

    Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to implement in the present TEX source, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise allowing some flexibility. -

    +

    9 Acknowledgements

    -

    TAcknowledgements +

    TEX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TEX user groups. This edition of TEX Live was @@ -5006,7 +4994,7 @@ class="E">EX Live, as well as Windows research efforts, the getnonfreefonts script, and more. -

  • Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak material very carefully. +
  • Petr Olšak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak material very carefully.
  • Toshio Oshima, for his dviout previewer for Windows. @@ -5034,7 +5022,7 @@ class="E">EX Live, and coordinator of the many
  • Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
  • -

    Builders of the binaries: Tigran Aivazian (

    Builders of the binaries: Tigran Aivazian (x86_64-linux), Akira Kakuto and Fabrice Popineau (win32), Manfred Lotz (alpha-linux), Vladimir Volovich (powerpc-aix, sparc-linux, sparc-solaris), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (sparc-solaris), Karl Berry (i386-linux), Olaf Weber (mips-irix), Gerben Wierda (i386-darwin, powerpc-darwin). -

    Documentation and translation updates: Karl Berry (English), Daniel Flipo & Fabrice Popineau +

    Documentation and translation updates: Karl Berry (English), Daniel Flipo & Fabrice Popineau (French), Günter Partosch & Hartmut Henkel (German), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris Veytsman (Russian), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish). -

    Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing T

    Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TEX, and then for giving it to the world. -

    +

    10 Release history

    -

    + id="x1-6600010">Release history +

    10.1 Past

    -

    Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TPast +

    Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TEX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTEX CD for MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was @@ -5085,7 +5073,7 @@ class="E">EX CD showed that Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of TEX Live. -

    We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified +

    We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser’s teTEX as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of @@ -5105,7 +5093,7 @@ almost all of its features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a n teTEX, and a new release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup. -

    For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds +

    For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for TEX Live 5 was that all non-free software was removed. Everything in Thttp://www.debian.org/intro/free); we have done our best to check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any mistakes. -

    The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install +

    The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate language.dat. -

    The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of +

    The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTEX, to correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6. -

    +

    10.1.1 2003
    -

    In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that T2003 +

    In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TEX Live had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx. (Future releases by the year: TEX Live 2003. -

    +

    10.1.2 2004
    -

    2004 saw many changes: + id="x1-6900010.1.2">2004 +

    2004 saw many changes:

    • If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own .map or (much less likely) .enc support files, you may need to move those support files. -

      .map files are now searched for in subdirectories of fonts/map only (in each texmf tree), @@ -5204,7 +5192,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc only, along the ENCFONTS path. updmap will attempt to warn about problematic files. -

      For methods of handling this and other information, please see

      For methods of handling this and other information, please see http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html.

    • @@ -5285,7 +5273,7 @@ class="E">EX features (texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/). -

      It also means it’s

      It also means it’s more important than ever to use the ifpdf package (works with both plain and LAT

        \input "filename with spaces"   % plain + id="x1-69002r1">  \input "filename with spaces"   % plain
        \input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex + id="x1-69004r2">  \input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
      -

      See the Web2C manual for more:

      See the Web2C manual for more: texmf/doc/web2c.

    • encTmips-irix, the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are
    -

    +

    10.1.3 2005
    -

    2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed + id="x1-7000010.1.3">2005 +

    2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:

    • New scripts
        latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex + id="x1-70002r1">  latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
      -

      +

    • The new program dvipdfmx is included for translation of DVI to PDF; this is an actively @@ -5512,10 +5500,10 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR, respectively. There is also TEXMFVAR, which is by default user-specific. See the first point above.
    -

    +

    10.2 Present

    -

    In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TPresent +

    In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TEX Live was the XeTEX program, available as the xetex and @@ -5523,18 +5511,17 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex and class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex programs; see http://scripts.sil.org/xetex. -

    MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (

    MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (http://tug.org/metapost/articles), likewise pdfTEX (http://tug.org/applications/pdftex) -

    The T

    The TEX .fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now -stored in subdirectories of texmf/web2c, instead of in the directory itself (although the +class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are +now stored in subdirectories of texmf/web2c, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the sake of existing .fmt’s). The subdirectories are named for the ‘engine’ in use, such as tex or pdftex or xetex. This change should be invisible in normal use. -

    The (plain)

    The (plain) tex program no longer reads %& first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian TEX. (LATEX and everything else do still read %& lines). -

    The installation scripts now accept various environment variables to allow for non-interactive +

    The installation scripts now accept various environment variables to allow for non-interactive installation; see section 3.2.1. -

    Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As +

    Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual, please check CTAN (http://www.ctan.org) for updates. -

    Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the +

    Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a stable development foundation for future years. -

    Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teT

    Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTEX (http://tug.org/tetex). As a result, there was been a surge of interest in TEX environment for everyone. -

    +

    10.3 Future

    -

    Future +

    TE

    Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to: +

    Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:

    -

    Happy TEXing! -

    1Not free, that is, in the sense of freedom to modify and redistribute, following free software guidelines. This does