diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/File/Path.pm')
-rwxr-xr-x | Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/File/Path.pm | 982 |
1 files changed, 982 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/File/Path.pm b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/File/Path.pm new file mode 100755 index 00000000000..387cdb19cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/File/Path.pm @@ -0,0 +1,982 @@ +package File::Path; + +use 5.005_04; +use strict; + +use Cwd 'getcwd'; +use File::Basename (); +use File::Spec (); + +BEGIN { + if ($] < 5.006) { + # can't say 'opendir my $dh, $dirname' + # need to initialise $dh + eval "use Symbol"; + } +} + +use Exporter (); +use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK); +$VERSION = '2.08'; +@ISA = qw(Exporter); +@EXPORT = qw(mkpath rmtree); +@EXPORT_OK = qw(make_path remove_tree); + +my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS'; +my $Is_MacOS = $^O eq 'MacOS'; + +# These OSes complain if you want to remove a file that you have no +# write permission to: +my $Force_Writeable = grep {$^O eq $_} qw(amigaos dos epoc MSWin32 MacOS os2); + +# Unix-like systems need to stat each directory in order to detect +# race condition. MS-Windows is immune to this particular attack. +my $Need_Stat_Check = !($^O eq 'MSWin32'); + +sub _carp { + require Carp; + goto &Carp::carp; +} + +sub _croak { + require Carp; + goto &Carp::croak; +} + +sub _error { + my $arg = shift; + my $message = shift; + my $object = shift; + + if ($arg->{error}) { + $object = '' unless defined $object; + $message .= ": $!" if $!; + push @{${$arg->{error}}}, {$object => $message}; + } + else { + _carp(defined($object) ? "$message for $object: $!" : "$message: $!"); + } +} + +sub make_path { + push @_, {} unless @_ and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[-1],'HASH'); + goto &mkpath; +} + +sub mkpath { + my $old_style = !(@_ and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[-1],'HASH')); + + my $arg; + my $paths; + + if ($old_style) { + my ($verbose, $mode); + ($paths, $verbose, $mode) = @_; + $paths = [$paths] unless UNIVERSAL::isa($paths,'ARRAY'); + $arg->{verbose} = $verbose; + $arg->{mode} = defined $mode ? $mode : 0777; + } + else { + $arg = pop @_; + $arg->{mode} = delete $arg->{mask} if exists $arg->{mask}; + $arg->{mode} = 0777 unless exists $arg->{mode}; + ${$arg->{error}} = [] if exists $arg->{error}; + $arg->{owner} = delete $arg->{user} if exists $arg->{user}; + $arg->{owner} = delete $arg->{uid} if exists $arg->{uid}; + if (exists $arg->{owner} and $arg->{owner} =~ /\D/) { + my $uid = (getpwnam $arg->{owner})[2]; + if (defined $uid) { + $arg->{owner} = $uid; + } + else { + _error($arg, "unable to map $arg->{owner} to a uid, ownership not changed"); + delete $arg->{owner}; + } + } + if (exists $arg->{group} and $arg->{group} =~ /\D/) { + my $gid = (getgrnam $arg->{group})[2]; + if (defined $gid) { + $arg->{group} = $gid; + } + else { + _error($arg, "unable to map $arg->{group} to a gid, group ownership not changed"); + delete $arg->{group}; + } + } + if (exists $arg->{owner} and not exists $arg->{group}) { + $arg->{group} = -1; # chown will leave group unchanged + } + if (exists $arg->{group} and not exists $arg->{owner}) { + $arg->{owner} = -1; # chown will leave owner unchanged + } + $paths = [@_]; + } + return _mkpath($arg, $paths); +} + +sub _mkpath { + my $arg = shift; + my $paths = shift; + + my(@created,$path); + foreach $path (@$paths) { + next unless defined($path) and length($path); + $path .= '/' if $^O eq 'os2' and $path =~ /^\w:\z/s; # feature of CRT + # Logic wants Unix paths, so go with the flow. + if ($Is_VMS) { + next if $path eq '/'; + $path = VMS::Filespec::unixify($path); + } + next if -d $path; + my $parent = File::Basename::dirname($path); + unless (-d $parent or $path eq $parent) { + push(@created,_mkpath($arg, [$parent])); + } + print "mkdir $path\n" if $arg->{verbose}; + if (mkdir($path,$arg->{mode})) { + push(@created, $path); + if (exists $arg->{owner}) { + # NB: $arg->{group} guaranteed to be set during initialisation + if (!chown $arg->{owner}, $arg->{group}, $path) { + _error($arg, "Cannot change ownership of $path to $arg->{owner}:$arg->{group}"); + } + } + } + else { + my $save_bang = $!; + my ($e, $e1) = ($save_bang, $^E); + $e .= "; $e1" if $e ne $e1; + # allow for another process to have created it meanwhile + if (!-d $path) { + $! = $save_bang; + if ($arg->{error}) { + push @{${$arg->{error}}}, {$path => $e}; + } + else { + _croak("mkdir $path: $e"); + } + } + } + } + return @created; +} + +sub remove_tree { + push @_, {} unless @_ and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[-1],'HASH'); + goto &rmtree; +} + +sub _is_subdir { + my($dir, $test) = @_; + + my($dv, $dd) = File::Spec->splitpath($dir, 1); + my($tv, $td) = File::Spec->splitpath($test, 1); + + # not on same volume + return 0 if $dv ne $tv; + + my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($dd); + my @t = File::Spec->splitdir($td); + + # @t can't be a subdir if it's shorter than @d + return 0 if @t < @d; + + return join('/', @d) eq join('/', splice @t, 0, +@d); +} + +sub rmtree { + my $old_style = !(@_ and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[-1],'HASH')); + + my $arg; + my $paths; + + if ($old_style) { + my ($verbose, $safe); + ($paths, $verbose, $safe) = @_; + $arg->{verbose} = $verbose; + $arg->{safe} = defined $safe ? $safe : 0; + + if (defined($paths) and length($paths)) { + $paths = [$paths] unless UNIVERSAL::isa($paths,'ARRAY'); + } + else { + _carp ("No root path(s) specified\n"); + return 0; + } + } + else { + $arg = pop @_; + ${$arg->{error}} = [] if exists $arg->{error}; + ${$arg->{result}} = [] if exists $arg->{result}; + $paths = [@_]; + } + + $arg->{prefix} = ''; + $arg->{depth} = 0; + + my @clean_path; + $arg->{cwd} = getcwd() or do { + _error($arg, "cannot fetch initial working directory"); + return 0; + }; + for ($arg->{cwd}) { /\A(.*)\Z/; $_ = $1 } # untaint + + for my $p (@$paths) { + # need to fixup case and map \ to / on Windows + my $ortho_root = $^O eq 'MSWin32' ? _slash_lc($p) : $p; + my $ortho_cwd = $^O eq 'MSWin32' ? _slash_lc($arg->{cwd}) : $arg->{cwd}; + my $ortho_root_length = length($ortho_root); + $ortho_root_length-- if $^O eq 'VMS'; # don't compare '.' with ']' + if ($ortho_root_length && _is_subdir($ortho_root, $ortho_cwd)) { + local $! = 0; + _error($arg, "cannot remove path when cwd is $arg->{cwd}", $p); + next; + } + + if ($Is_MacOS) { + $p = ":$p" unless $p =~ /:/; + $p .= ":" unless $p =~ /:\z/; + } + elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') { + $p =~ s{[/\\]\z}{}; + } + else { + $p =~ s{/\z}{}; + } + push @clean_path, $p; + } + + @{$arg}{qw(device inode perm)} = (lstat $arg->{cwd})[0,1] or do { + _error($arg, "cannot stat initial working directory", $arg->{cwd}); + return 0; + }; + + return _rmtree($arg, \@clean_path); +} + +sub _rmtree { + my $arg = shift; + my $paths = shift; + + my $count = 0; + my $curdir = File::Spec->curdir(); + my $updir = File::Spec->updir(); + + my (@files, $root); + ROOT_DIR: + foreach $root (@$paths) { + # since we chdir into each directory, it may not be obvious + # to figure out where we are if we generate a message about + # a file name. We therefore construct a semi-canonical + # filename, anchored from the directory being unlinked (as + # opposed to being truly canonical, anchored from the root (/). + + my $canon = $arg->{prefix} + ? File::Spec->catfile($arg->{prefix}, $root) + : $root + ; + + my ($ldev, $lino, $perm) = (lstat $root)[0,1,2] or next ROOT_DIR; + + if ( -d _ ) { + $root = VMS::Filespec::pathify($root) if $Is_VMS; + + if (!chdir($root)) { + # see if we can escalate privileges to get in + # (e.g. funny protection mask such as -w- instead of rwx) + $perm &= 07777; + my $nperm = $perm | 0700; + if (!($arg->{safe} or $nperm == $perm or chmod($nperm, $root))) { + _error($arg, "cannot make child directory read-write-exec", $canon); + next ROOT_DIR; + } + elsif (!chdir($root)) { + _error($arg, "cannot chdir to child", $canon); + next ROOT_DIR; + } + } + + my ($cur_dev, $cur_inode, $perm) = (stat $curdir)[0,1,2] or do { + _error($arg, "cannot stat current working directory", $canon); + next ROOT_DIR; + }; + + if ($Need_Stat_Check) { + ($ldev eq $cur_dev and $lino eq $cur_inode) + or _croak("directory $canon changed before chdir, expected dev=$ldev ino=$lino, actual dev=$cur_dev ino=$cur_inode, aborting."); + } + + $perm &= 07777; # don't forget setuid, setgid, sticky bits + my $nperm = $perm | 0700; + + # notabene: 0700 is for making readable in the first place, + # it's also intended to change it to writable in case we have + # to recurse in which case we are better than rm -rf for + # subtrees with strange permissions + + if (!($arg->{safe} or $nperm == $perm or chmod($nperm, $curdir))) { + _error($arg, "cannot make directory read+writeable", $canon); + $nperm = $perm; + } + + my $d; + $d = gensym() if $] < 5.006; + if (!opendir $d, $curdir) { + _error($arg, "cannot opendir", $canon); + @files = (); + } + else { + no strict 'refs'; + if (!defined ${"\cTAINT"} or ${"\cTAINT"}) { + # Blindly untaint dir names if taint mode is + # active, or any perl < 5.006 + @files = map { /\A(.*)\z/s; $1 } readdir $d; + } + else { + @files = readdir $d; + } + closedir $d; + } + + if ($Is_VMS) { + # Deleting large numbers of files from VMS Files-11 + # filesystems is faster if done in reverse ASCIIbetical order. + # include '.' to '.;' from blead patch #31775 + @files = map {$_ eq '.' ? '.;' : $_} reverse @files; + ($root = VMS::Filespec::unixify($root)) =~ s/\.dir\z//; + } + + @files = grep {$_ ne $updir and $_ ne $curdir} @files; + + if (@files) { + # remove the contained files before the directory itself + my $narg = {%$arg}; + @{$narg}{qw(device inode cwd prefix depth)} + = ($cur_dev, $cur_inode, $updir, $canon, $arg->{depth}+1); + $count += _rmtree($narg, \@files); + } + + # restore directory permissions of required now (in case the rmdir + # below fails), while we are still in the directory and may do so + # without a race via '.' + if ($nperm != $perm and not chmod($perm, $curdir)) { + _error($arg, "cannot reset chmod", $canon); + } + + # don't leave the client code in an unexpected directory + chdir($arg->{cwd}) + or _croak("cannot chdir to $arg->{cwd} from $canon: $!, aborting."); + + # ensure that a chdir upwards didn't take us somewhere other + # than we expected (see CVE-2002-0435) + ($cur_dev, $cur_inode) = (stat $curdir)[0,1] + or _croak("cannot stat prior working directory $arg->{cwd}: $!, aborting."); + + if ($Need_Stat_Check) { + ($arg->{device} eq $cur_dev and $arg->{inode} eq $cur_inode) + or _croak("previous directory $arg->{cwd} changed before entering $canon, expected dev=$ldev ino=$lino, actual dev=$cur_dev ino=$cur_inode, aborting."); + } + + if ($arg->{depth} or !$arg->{keep_root}) { + if ($arg->{safe} && + ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) : !-w $root)) { + print "skipped $root\n" if $arg->{verbose}; + next ROOT_DIR; + } + if ($Force_Writeable and !chmod $perm | 0700, $root) { + _error($arg, "cannot make directory writeable", $canon); + } + print "rmdir $root\n" if $arg->{verbose}; + if (rmdir $root) { + push @{${$arg->{result}}}, $root if $arg->{result}; + ++$count; + } + else { + _error($arg, "cannot remove directory", $canon); + if ($Force_Writeable && !chmod($perm, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root)) + ) { + _error($arg, sprintf("cannot restore permissions to 0%o",$perm), $canon); + } + } + } + } + else { + # not a directory + $root = VMS::Filespec::vmsify("./$root") + if $Is_VMS + && !File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($root) + && ($root !~ m/(?<!\^)[\]>]+/); # not already in VMS syntax + + if ($arg->{safe} && + ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) + : !(-l $root || -w $root))) + { + print "skipped $root\n" if $arg->{verbose}; + next ROOT_DIR; + } + + my $nperm = $perm & 07777 | 0600; + if ($Force_Writeable and $nperm != $perm and not chmod $nperm, $root) { + _error($arg, "cannot make file writeable", $canon); + } + print "unlink $canon\n" if $arg->{verbose}; + # delete all versions under VMS + for (;;) { + if (unlink $root) { + push @{${$arg->{result}}}, $root if $arg->{result}; + } + else { + _error($arg, "cannot unlink file", $canon); + $Force_Writeable and chmod($perm, $root) or + _error($arg, sprintf("cannot restore permissions to 0%o",$perm), $canon); + last; + } + ++$count; + last unless $Is_VMS && lstat $root; + } + } + } + return $count; +} + +sub _slash_lc { + # fix up slashes and case on MSWin32 so that we can determine that + # c:\path\to\dir is underneath C:/Path/To + my $path = shift; + $path =~ tr{\\}{/}; + return lc($path); +} + +1; +__END__ + +=head1 NAME + +File::Path - Create or remove directory trees + +=head1 VERSION + +This document describes version 2.08 of File::Path, released +2009-10-04. + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + + use File::Path qw(make_path remove_tree); + + make_path('foo/bar/baz', '/zug/zwang'); + make_path('foo/bar/baz', '/zug/zwang', { + verbose => 1, + mode => 0711, + }); + + remove_tree('foo/bar/baz', '/zug/zwang'); + remove_tree('foo/bar/baz', '/zug/zwang', { + verbose => 1, + error => \my $err_list, + }); + + # legacy (interface promoted before v2.00) + mkpath('/foo/bar/baz'); + mkpath('/foo/bar/baz', 1, 0711); + mkpath(['/foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 0711); + rmtree('foo/bar/baz', 1, 1); + rmtree(['foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 1); + + # legacy (interface promoted before v2.06) + mkpath('foo/bar/baz', '/zug/zwang', { verbose => 1, mode => 0711 }); + rmtree('foo/bar/baz', '/zug/zwang', { verbose => 1, mode => 0711 }); + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +This module provide a convenient way to create directories of +arbitrary depth and to delete an entire directory subtree from the +filesystem. + +The following functions are provided: + +=over + +=item make_path( $dir1, $dir2, .... ) + +=item make_path( $dir1, $dir2, ...., \%opts ) + +The C<make_path> function creates the given directories if they don't +exists before, much like the Unix command C<mkdir -p>. + +The function accepts a list of directories to be created. Its +behaviour may be tuned by an optional hashref appearing as the last +parameter on the call. + +The function returns the list of directories actually created during +the call; in scalar context the number of directories created. + +The following keys are recognised in the option hash: + +=over + +=item mode => $num + +The numeric permissions mode to apply to each created directory +(defaults to 0777), to be modified by the current C<umask>. If the +directory already exists (and thus does not need to be created), +the permissions will not be modified. + +C<mask> is recognised as an alias for this parameter. + +=item verbose => $bool + +If present, will cause C<make_path> to print the name of each directory +as it is created. By default nothing is printed. + +=item error => \$err + +If present, it should be a reference to a scalar. +This scalar will be made to reference an array, which will +be used to store any errors that are encountered. See the L</"ERROR +HANDLING"> section for more information. + +If this parameter is not used, certain error conditions may raise +a fatal error that will cause the program will halt, unless trapped +in an C<eval> block. + +=item owner => $owner + +=item user => $owner + +=item uid => $owner + +If present, will cause any created directory to be owned by C<$owner>. +If the value is numeric, it will be interpreted as a uid, otherwise +as username is assumed. An error will be issued if the username cannot be +mapped to a uid, or the uid does not exist, or the process lacks the +privileges to change ownership. + +Ownwership of directories that already exist will not be changed. + +C<user> and C<uid> are aliases of C<owner>. + +=item group => $group + +If present, will cause any created directory to be owned by the group C<$group>. +If the value is numeric, it will be interpreted as a gid, otherwise +as group name is assumed. An error will be issued if the group name cannot be +mapped to a gid, or the gid does not exist, or the process lacks the +privileges to change group ownership. + +Group ownwership of directories that already exist will not be changed. + + make_path '/var/tmp/webcache', {owner=>'nobody', group=>'nogroup'}; + +=back + +=item mkpath( $dir ) + +=item mkpath( $dir, $verbose, $mode ) + +=item mkpath( [$dir1, $dir2,...], $verbose, $mode ) + +=item mkpath( $dir1, $dir2,..., \%opt ) + +The mkpath() function provide the legacy interface of make_path() with +a different interpretation of the arguments passed. The behaviour and +return value of the function is otherwise identical to make_path(). + +=item remove_tree( $dir1, $dir2, .... ) + +=item remove_tree( $dir1, $dir2, ...., \%opts ) + +The C<remove_tree> function deletes the given directories and any +files and subdirectories they might contain, much like the Unix +command C<rm -r> or C<del /s> on Windows. + +The function accepts a list of directories to be +removed. Its behaviour may be tuned by an optional hashref +appearing as the last parameter on the call. + +The functions returns the number of files successfully deleted. + +The following keys are recognised in the option hash: + +=over + +=item verbose => $bool + +If present, will cause C<remove_tree> to print the name of each file as +it is unlinked. By default nothing is printed. + +=item safe => $bool + +When set to a true value, will cause C<remove_tree> to skip the files +for which the process lacks the required privileges needed to delete +files, such as delete privileges on VMS. In other words, the code +will make no attempt to alter file permissions. Thus, if the process +is interrupted, no filesystem object will be left in a more +permissive mode. + +=item keep_root => $bool + +When set to a true value, will cause all files and subdirectories +to be removed, except the initially specified directories. This comes +in handy when cleaning out an application's scratch directory. + + remove_tree( '/tmp', {keep_root => 1} ); + +=item result => \$res + +If present, it should be a reference to a scalar. +This scalar will be made to reference an array, which will +be used to store all files and directories unlinked +during the call. If nothing is unlinked, the array will be empty. + + remove_tree( '/tmp', {result => \my $list} ); + print "unlinked $_\n" for @$list; + +This is a useful alternative to the C<verbose> key. + +=item error => \$err + +If present, it should be a reference to a scalar. +This scalar will be made to reference an array, which will +be used to store any errors that are encountered. See the L</"ERROR +HANDLING"> section for more information. + +Removing things is a much more dangerous proposition than +creating things. As such, there are certain conditions that +C<remove_tree> may encounter that are so dangerous that the only +sane action left is to kill the program. + +Use C<error> to trap all that is reasonable (problems with +permissions and the like), and let it die if things get out +of hand. This is the safest course of action. + +=back + +=item rmtree( $dir ) + +=item rmtree( $dir, $verbose, $safe ) + +=item rmtree( [$dir1, $dir2,...], $verbose, $safe ) + +=item rmtree( $dir1, $dir2,..., \%opt ) + +The rmtree() function provide the legacy interface of remove_tree() +with a different interpretation of the arguments passed. The behaviour +and return value of the function is otherwise identical to +remove_tree(). + +=back + +=head2 ERROR HANDLING + +=over 4 + +=item B<NOTE:> + +The following error handling mechanism is considered +experimental and is subject to change pending feedback from +users. + +=back + +If C<make_path> or C<remove_tree> encounter an error, a diagnostic +message will be printed to C<STDERR> via C<carp> (for non-fatal +errors), or via C<croak> (for fatal errors). + +If this behaviour is not desirable, the C<error> attribute may be +used to hold a reference to a variable, which will be used to store +the diagnostics. The variable is made a reference to an array of hash +references. Each hash contain a single key/value pair where the key +is the name of the file, and the value is the error message (including +the contents of C<$!> when appropriate). If a general error is +encountered the diagnostic key will be empty. + +An example usage looks like: + + remove_tree( 'foo/bar', 'bar/rat', {error => \my $err} ); + if (@$err) { + for my $diag (@$err) { + my ($file, $message) = %$diag; + if ($file eq '') { + print "general error: $message\n"; + } + else { + print "problem unlinking $file: $message\n"; + } + } + } + else { + print "No error encountered\n"; + } + +Note that if no errors are encountered, C<$err> will reference an +empty array. This means that C<$err> will always end up TRUE; so you +need to test C<@$err> to determine if errors occured. + +=head2 NOTES + +C<File::Path> blindly exports C<mkpath> and C<rmtree> into the +current namespace. These days, this is considered bad style, but +to change it now would break too much code. Nonetheless, you are +invited to specify what it is you are expecting to use: + + use File::Path 'rmtree'; + +The routines C<make_path> and C<remove_tree> are B<not> exported +by default. You must specify which ones you want to use. + + use File::Path 'remove_tree'; + +Note that a side-effect of the above is that C<mkpath> and C<rmtree> +are no longer exported at all. This is due to the way the C<Exporter> +module works. If you are migrating a codebase to use the new +interface, you will have to list everything explicitly. But that's +just good practice anyway. + + use File::Path qw(remove_tree rmtree); + +=head3 API CHANGES + +The API was changed in the 2.0 branch. For a time, C<mkpath> and +C<rmtree> tried, unsuccessfully, to deal with the two different +calling mechanisms. This approach was considered a failure. + +The new semantics are now only available with C<make_path> and +C<remove_tree>. The old semantics are only available through +C<mkpath> and C<rmtree>. Users are strongly encouraged to upgrade +to at least 2.08 in order to avoid surprises. + +=head3 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS + +There were race conditions 1.x implementations of File::Path's +C<rmtree> function (although sometimes patched depending on the OS +distribution or platform). The 2.0 version contains code to avoid the +problem mentioned in CVE-2002-0435. + +See the following pages for more information: + + http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=286905 + http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2005/01/msg97623.html + http://www.debian.org/security/2005/dsa-696 + +Additionally, unless the C<safe> parameter is set (or the +third parameter in the traditional interface is TRUE), should a +C<remove_tree> be interrupted, files that were originally in read-only +mode may now have their permissions set to a read-write (or "delete +OK") mode. + +=head1 DIAGNOSTICS + +FATAL errors will cause the program to halt (C<croak>), since the +problem is so severe that it would be dangerous to continue. (This +can always be trapped with C<eval>, but it's not a good idea. Under +the circumstances, dying is the best thing to do). + +SEVERE errors may be trapped using the modern interface. If the +they are not trapped, or the old interface is used, such an error +will cause the program will halt. + +All other errors may be trapped using the modern interface, otherwise +they will be C<carp>ed about. Program execution will not be halted. + +=over 4 + +=item mkdir [path]: [errmsg] (SEVERE) + +C<make_path> was unable to create the path. Probably some sort of +permissions error at the point of departure, or insufficient resources +(such as free inodes on Unix). + +=item No root path(s) specified + +C<make_path> was not given any paths to create. This message is only +emitted if the routine is called with the traditional interface. +The modern interface will remain silent if given nothing to do. + +=item No such file or directory + +On Windows, if C<make_path> gives you this warning, it may mean that +you have exceeded your filesystem's maximum path length. + +=item cannot fetch initial working directory: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> attempted to determine the initial directory by calling +C<Cwd::getcwd>, but the call failed for some reason. No attempt +will be made to delete anything. + +=item cannot stat initial working directory: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> attempted to stat the initial directory (after having +successfully obtained its name via C<getcwd>), however, the call +failed for some reason. No attempt will be made to delete anything. + +=item cannot chdir to [dir]: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> attempted to set the working directory in order to +begin deleting the objects therein, but was unsuccessful. This is +usually a permissions issue. The routine will continue to delete +other things, but this directory will be left intact. + +=item directory [dir] changed before chdir, expected dev=[n] ino=[n], actual dev=[n] ino=[n], aborting. (FATAL) + +C<remove_tree> recorded the device and inode of a directory, and then +moved into it. It then performed a C<stat> on the current directory +and detected that the device and inode were no longer the same. As +this is at the heart of the race condition problem, the program +will die at this point. + +=item cannot make directory [dir] read+writeable: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> attempted to change the permissions on the current directory +to ensure that subsequent unlinkings would not run into problems, +but was unable to do so. The permissions remain as they were, and +the program will carry on, doing the best it can. + +=item cannot read [dir]: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> tried to read the contents of the directory in order +to acquire the names of the directory entries to be unlinked, but +was unsuccessful. This is usually a permissions issue. The +program will continue, but the files in this directory will remain +after the call. + +=item cannot reset chmod [dir]: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree>, after having deleted everything in a directory, attempted +to restore its permissions to the original state but failed. The +directory may wind up being left behind. + +=item cannot remove [dir] when cwd is [dir] + +The current working directory of the program is F</some/path/to/here> +and you are attempting to remove an ancestor, such as F</some/path>. +The directory tree is left untouched. + +The solution is to C<chdir> out of the child directory to a place +outside the directory tree to be removed. + +=item cannot chdir to [parent-dir] from [child-dir]: [errmsg], aborting. (FATAL) + +C<remove_tree>, after having deleted everything and restored the permissions +of a directory, was unable to chdir back to the parent. The program +halts to avoid a race condition from occurring. + +=item cannot stat prior working directory [dir]: [errmsg], aborting. (FATAL) + +C<remove_tree> was unable to stat the parent directory after have returned +from the child. Since there is no way of knowing if we returned to +where we think we should be (by comparing device and inode) the only +way out is to C<croak>. + +=item previous directory [parent-dir] changed before entering [child-dir], expected dev=[n] ino=[n], actual dev=[n] ino=[n], aborting. (FATAL) + +When C<remove_tree> returned from deleting files in a child directory, a +check revealed that the parent directory it returned to wasn't the one +it started out from. This is considered a sign of malicious activity. + +=item cannot make directory [dir] writeable: [errmsg] + +Just before removing a directory (after having successfully removed +everything it contained), C<remove_tree> attempted to set the permissions +on the directory to ensure it could be removed and failed. Program +execution continues, but the directory may possibly not be deleted. + +=item cannot remove directory [dir]: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> attempted to remove a directory, but failed. This may because +some objects that were unable to be removed remain in the directory, or +a permissions issue. The directory will be left behind. + +=item cannot restore permissions of [dir] to [0nnn]: [errmsg] + +After having failed to remove a directory, C<remove_tree> was unable to +restore its permissions from a permissive state back to a possibly +more restrictive setting. (Permissions given in octal). + +=item cannot make file [file] writeable: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> attempted to force the permissions of a file to ensure it +could be deleted, but failed to do so. It will, however, still attempt +to unlink the file. + +=item cannot unlink file [file]: [errmsg] + +C<remove_tree> failed to remove a file. Probably a permissions issue. + +=item cannot restore permissions of [file] to [0nnn]: [errmsg] + +After having failed to remove a file, C<remove_tree> was also unable +to restore the permissions on the file to a possibly less permissive +setting. (Permissions given in octal). + +=item unable to map [owner] to a uid, ownership not changed"); + +C<make_path> was instructed to give the ownership of created +directories to the symbolic name [owner], but C<getpwnam> did +not return the corresponding numeric uid. The directory will +be created, but ownership will not be changed. + +=item unable to map [group] to a gid, group ownership not changed + +C<make_path> was instructed to give the group ownership of created +directories to the symbolic name [group], but C<getgrnam> did +not return the corresponding numeric gid. The directory will +be created, but group ownership will not be changed. + +=back + +=head1 SEE ALSO + +=over 4 + +=item * + +L<File::Remove> + +Allows files and directories to be moved to the Trashcan/Recycle +Bin (where they may later be restored if necessary) if the operating +system supports such functionality. This feature may one day be +made available directly in C<File::Path>. + +=item * + +L<File::Find::Rule> + +When removing directory trees, if you want to examine each file to +decide whether to delete it (and possibly leaving large swathes +alone), F<File::Find::Rule> offers a convenient and flexible approach +to examining directory trees. + +=back + +=head1 BUGS + +Please report all bugs on the RT queue: + +L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=File-Path> + +=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +Paul Szabo identified the race condition originally, and Brendan +O'Dea wrote an implementation for Debian that addressed the problem. +That code was used as a basis for the current code. Their efforts +are greatly appreciated. + +Gisle Aas made a number of improvements to the documentation for +2.07 and his advice and assistance is also greatly appreciated. + +=head1 AUTHORS + +Tim Bunce and Charles Bailey. Currently maintained by David Landgren +<F<david@landgren.net>>. + +=head1 COPYRIGHT + +This module is copyright (C) Charles Bailey, Tim Bunce and +David Landgren 1995-2009. All rights reserved. + +=head1 LICENSE + +This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the same terms as Perl itself. + +=cut |