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+=head1 NAME
+
+perl - The Perl language interpreter
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+B<perl> S<[ B<-sTtuUWX> ]>
+ S<[ B<-hv> ] [ B<-V>[:I<configvar>] ]>
+ S<[ B<-cw> ] [ B<-d>[B<t>][:I<debugger>] ] [ B<-D>[I<number/list>] ]>
+ S<[ B<-pna> ] [ B<-F>I<pattern> ] [ B<-l>[I<octal>] ] [ B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] ]>
+ S<[ B<-I>I<dir> ] [ B<-m>[B<->]I<module> ] [ B<-M>[B<->]I<'module...'> ] [ B<-f> ]>
+ S<[ B<-C [I<number/list>] >]>
+ S<[ B<-S> ]>
+ S<[ B<-x>[I<dir>] ]>
+ S<[ B<-i>[I<extension>] ]>
+ S<[ [B<-e>|B<-E>] I<'command'> ] [ B<--> ] [ I<programfile> ] [ I<argument> ]...>
+
+=head1 GETTING HELP
+
+The F<perldoc> program gives you access to all the documentation that comes
+with Perl. You can get more documentation, tutorials and community support
+online at L<http://www.perl.org/>.
+
+If you're new to Perl, you should start by running C<perldoc perlintro>,
+which is a general intro for beginners and provides some background to help
+you navigate the rest of Perl's extensive documentation. Run C<perldoc
+perldoc> to learn more things you can do with F<perldoc>.
+
+For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into several sections.
+
+=head2 Overview
+
+ perl Perl overview (this section)
+ perlintro Perl introduction for beginners
+ perltoc Perl documentation table of contents
+
+=head2 Tutorials
+
+ perlreftut Perl references short introduction
+ perldsc Perl data structures intro
+ perllol Perl data structures: arrays of arrays
+
+ perlrequick Perl regular expressions quick start
+ perlretut Perl regular expressions tutorial
+
+ perlboot Perl OO tutorial for beginners
+ perltoot Perl OO tutorial, part 1
+ perltooc Perl OO tutorial, part 2
+ perlbot Perl OO tricks and examples
+
+ perlperf Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques
+
+ perlstyle Perl style guide
+
+ perlcheat Perl cheat sheet
+ perltrap Perl traps for the unwary
+ perldebtut Perl debugging tutorial
+
+ perlfaq Perl frequently asked questions
+ perlfaq1 General Questions About Perl
+ perlfaq2 Obtaining and Learning about Perl
+ perlfaq3 Programming Tools
+ perlfaq4 Data Manipulation
+ perlfaq5 Files and Formats
+ perlfaq6 Regexes
+ perlfaq7 Perl Language Issues
+ perlfaq8 System Interaction
+ perlfaq9 Networking
+
+=head2 Reference Manual
+
+ perlsyn Perl syntax
+ perldata Perl data structures
+ perlop Perl operators and precedence
+ perlsub Perl subroutines
+ perlfunc Perl built-in functions
+ perlopentut Perl open() tutorial
+ perlpacktut Perl pack() and unpack() tutorial
+ perlpod Perl plain old documentation
+ perlpodspec Perl plain old documentation format specification
+ perlrun Perl execution and options
+ perldiag Perl diagnostic messages
+ perllexwarn Perl warnings and their control
+ perldebug Perl debugging
+ perlvar Perl predefined variables
+ perlre Perl regular expressions, the rest of the story
+ perlrebackslash Perl regular expression backslash sequences
+ perlrecharclass Perl regular expression character classes
+ perlreref Perl regular expressions quick reference
+ perlref Perl references, the rest of the story
+ perlform Perl formats
+ perlobj Perl objects
+ perltie Perl objects hidden behind simple variables
+ perldbmfilter Perl DBM filters
+
+ perlipc Perl interprocess communication
+ perlfork Perl fork() information
+ perlnumber Perl number semantics
+
+ perlthrtut Perl threads tutorial
+
+ perlport Perl portability guide
+ perllocale Perl locale support
+ perluniintro Perl Unicode introduction
+ perlunicode Perl Unicode support
+ perlunifaq Perl Unicode FAQ
+ perluniprops Index of Unicode Version 5.2.0 properties in Perl
+ perlunitut Perl Unicode tutorial
+ perlebcdic Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
+
+ perlsec Perl security
+
+ perlmod Perl modules: how they work
+ perlmodlib Perl modules: how to write and use
+ perlmodstyle Perl modules: how to write modules with style
+ perlmodinstall Perl modules: how to install from CPAN
+ perlnewmod Perl modules: preparing a new module for distribution
+ perlpragma Perl modules: writing a user pragma
+
+ perlutil utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
+
+ perlcompile Perl compiler suite intro
+
+ perlfilter Perl source filters
+
+ perlglossary Perl Glossary
+
+=head2 Internals and C Language Interface
+
+ perlembed Perl ways to embed perl in your C or C++ application
+ perldebguts Perl debugging guts and tips
+ perlxstut Perl XS tutorial
+ perlxs Perl XS application programming interface
+ perlclib Internal replacements for standard C library functions
+ perlguts Perl internal functions for those doing extensions
+ perlcall Perl calling conventions from C
+ perlmroapi Perl method resolution plugin interface
+ perlreapi Perl regular expression plugin interface
+ perlreguts Perl regular expression engine internals
+
+ perlapi Perl API listing (autogenerated)
+ perlintern Perl internal functions (autogenerated)
+ perliol C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers
+ perlapio Perl internal IO abstraction interface
+
+ perlhack Perl hackers guide
+ perlpolicy Perl development policies
+ perlrepository Perl source repository
+
+=head2 Miscellaneous
+
+ perlbook Perl book information
+ perlcommunity Perl community information
+ perltodo Perl things to do
+
+ perldoc Look up Perl documentation in Pod format
+
+ perlhist Perl history records
+ perldelta Perl changes since previous version
+ perl5122delta Perl changes in version 5.12.2
+ perl5121delta Perl changes in version 5.12.1
+ perl5120delta Perl changes in version 5.12.0
+ perl5115delta Perl changes in version 5.11.5
+ perl5114delta Perl changes in version 5.11.4
+ perl5113delta Perl changes in version 5.11.3
+ perl5112delta Perl changes in version 5.11.2
+ perl5111delta Perl changes in version 5.11.1
+ perl5110delta Perl changes in version 5.11.0
+ perl5101delta Perl changes in version 5.10.1
+ perl5100delta Perl changes in version 5.10.0
+ perl595delta Perl changes in version 5.9.5
+ perl594delta Perl changes in version 5.9.4
+ perl593delta Perl changes in version 5.9.3
+ perl592delta Perl changes in version 5.9.2
+ perl591delta Perl changes in version 5.9.1
+ perl590delta Perl changes in version 5.9.0
+ perl589delta Perl changes in version 5.8.9
+ perl588delta Perl changes in version 5.8.8
+ perl587delta Perl changes in version 5.8.7
+ perl586delta Perl changes in version 5.8.6
+ perl585delta Perl changes in version 5.8.5
+ perl584delta Perl changes in version 5.8.4
+ perl583delta Perl changes in version 5.8.3
+ perl582delta Perl changes in version 5.8.2
+ perl581delta Perl changes in version 5.8.1
+ perl58delta Perl changes in version 5.8.0
+ perl573delta Perl changes in version 5.7.3
+ perl572delta Perl changes in version 5.7.2
+ perl571delta Perl changes in version 5.7.1
+ perl570delta Perl changes in version 5.7.0
+ perl561delta Perl changes in version 5.6.1
+ perl56delta Perl changes in version 5.6
+ perl5005delta Perl changes in version 5.005
+ perl5004delta Perl changes in version 5.004
+
+ perlartistic Perl Artistic License
+ perlgpl GNU General Public License
+
+=head2 Language-Specific
+
+ perlcn Perl for Simplified Chinese (in EUC-CN)
+ perljp Perl for Japanese (in EUC-JP)
+ perlko Perl for Korean (in EUC-KR)
+ perltw Perl for Traditional Chinese (in Big5)
+
+=head2 Platform-Specific
+
+ perlaix Perl notes for AIX
+ perlamiga Perl notes for AmigaOS
+ perlapollo Perl notes for Apollo DomainOS
+ perlbeos Perl notes for BeOS
+ perlbs2000 Perl notes for POSIX-BC BS2000
+ perlce Perl notes for WinCE
+ perlcygwin Perl notes for Cygwin
+ perldgux Perl notes for DG/UX
+ perldos Perl notes for DOS
+ perlepoc Perl notes for EPOC
+ perlfreebsd Perl notes for FreeBSD
+ perlhaiku Perl notes for Haiku
+ perlhpux Perl notes for HP-UX
+ perlhurd Perl notes for Hurd
+ perlirix Perl notes for Irix
+ perllinux Perl notes for Linux
+ perlmacos Perl notes for Mac OS (Classic)
+ perlmacosx Perl notes for Mac OS X
+ perlmpeix Perl notes for MPE/iX
+ perlnetware Perl notes for NetWare
+ perlopenbsd Perl notes for OpenBSD
+ perlos2 Perl notes for OS/2
+ perlos390 Perl notes for OS/390
+ perlos400 Perl notes for OS/400
+ perlplan9 Perl notes for Plan 9
+ perlqnx Perl notes for QNX
+ perlriscos Perl notes for RISC OS
+ perlsolaris Perl notes for Solaris
+ perlsymbian Perl notes for Symbian
+ perltru64 Perl notes for Tru64
+ perluts Perl notes for UTS
+ perlvmesa Perl notes for VM/ESA
+ perlvms Perl notes for VMS
+ perlvos Perl notes for Stratus VOS
+ perlwin32 Perl notes for Windows
+
+
+On a Unix-like system, these documentation files will usually also be
+available as manpages for use with the F<man> program.
+
+In general, if something strange has gone wrong with your program and you're
+not sure where you should look for help, try the B<-w> switch first. It will
+often point out exactly where the trouble is.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+Perl officially stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language,
+except when it doesn't.
+
+Perl is a language optimized for scanning arbitrary
+text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing
+reports based on that information. It's also a good language for many
+system management tasks. The language is intended to be practical
+(easy to use, efficient, complete) rather than beautiful (tiny,
+elegant, minimal).
+
+Perl combines (in the author's opinion, anyway) some of the best
+features of C, B<sed>, B<awk>, and B<sh>, so people familiar with
+those languages should have little difficulty with it. (Language
+historians will also note some vestiges of B<csh>, Pascal, and even
+BASIC-PLUS.) Expression syntax corresponds closely to C
+expression syntax. Unlike most Unix utilities, Perl does not
+arbitrarily limit the size of your data--if you've got the memory,
+Perl can slurp in your whole file as a single string. Recursion is of
+unlimited depth. And the tables used by hashes (sometimes called
+"associative arrays") grow as necessary to prevent degraded
+performance. Perl can use sophisticated pattern matching techniques to
+scan large amounts of data quickly. Although optimized for
+scanning text, Perl can also deal with binary data, and can make dbm
+files look like hashes. Setuid Perl scripts are safer than C programs
+through a dataflow tracing mechanism that prevents many stupid
+security holes.
+
+If you have a problem that would ordinarily use B<sed> or B<awk> or
+B<sh>, but it exceeds their capabilities or must run a little faster,
+and you don't want to write the silly thing in C, then Perl may be for
+you. There are also translators to turn your B<sed> and B<awk>
+scripts into Perl scripts.
+
+But wait, there's more...
+
+Begun in 1993 (see L<perlhist>), Perl version 5 is nearly a complete
+rewrite that provides the following additional benefits:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+modularity and reusability using innumerable modules
+
+Described in L<perlmod>, L<perlmodlib>, and L<perlmodinstall>.
+
+=item *
+
+embeddable and extensible
+
+Described in L<perlembed>, L<perlxstut>, L<perlxs>, L<perlcall>,
+L<perlguts>, and L<xsubpp>.
+
+=item *
+
+roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous DBM
+implementations)
+
+Described in L<perltie> and L<AnyDBM_File>.
+
+=item *
+
+subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and prototyped
+
+Described in L<perlsub>.
+
+=item *
+
+arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions
+
+Described in L<perlreftut>, L<perlref>, L<perldsc>, and L<perllol>.
+
+=item *
+
+object-oriented programming
+
+Described in L<perlobj>, L<perlboot>, L<perltoot>, L<perltooc>,
+and L<perlbot>.
+
+=item *
+
+support for light-weight processes (threads)
+
+Described in L<perlthrtut> and L<threads>.
+
+=item *
+
+support for Unicode, internationalization, and localization
+
+Described in L<perluniintro>, L<perllocale> and L<Locale::Maketext>.
+
+=item *
+
+lexical scoping
+
+Described in L<perlsub>.
+
+=item *
+
+regular expression enhancements
+
+Described in L<perlre>, with additional examples in L<perlop>.
+
+=item *
+
+enhanced debugger and interactive Perl environment,
+with integrated editor support
+
+Described in L<perldebtut>, L<perldebug> and L<perldebguts>.
+
+=item *
+
+POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
+
+Described in L<POSIX>.
+
+=back
+
+Okay, that's I<definitely> enough hype.
+
+=head1 AVAILABILITY
+
+Perl is available for most operating systems, including virtually
+all Unix-like platforms. See L<perlport/"Supported Platforms">
+for a listing.
+
+=head1 ENVIRONMENT
+
+See L<perlrun>.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
+
+If your Perl success stories and testimonials may be of help to others
+who wish to advocate the use of Perl in their applications,
+or if you wish to simply express your gratitude to Larry and the
+Perl developers, please write to perl-thanks@perl.org .
+
+=head1 FILES
+
+ "@INC" locations of perl libraries
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+ a2p awk to perl translator
+ s2p sed to perl translator
+
+ http://www.perl.org/ the Perl homepage
+ http://www.perl.com/ Perl articles (O'Reilly)
+ http://www.cpan.org/ the Comprehensive Perl Archive
+ http://www.pm.org/ the Perl Mongers
+
+=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
+
+The C<use warnings> pragma (and the B<-w> switch) produces some
+lovely diagnostics.
+
+See L<perldiag> for explanations of all Perl's diagnostics. The C<use
+diagnostics> pragma automatically turns Perl's normally terse warnings
+and errors into these longer forms.
+
+Compilation errors will tell you the line number of the error, with an
+indication of the next token or token type that was to be examined.
+(In a script passed to Perl via B<-e> switches, each
+B<-e> is counted as one line.)
+
+Setuid scripts have additional constraints that can produce error
+messages such as "Insecure dependency". See L<perlsec>.
+
+Did we mention that you should definitely consider using the B<-w>
+switch?
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+The B<-w> switch is not mandatory.
+
+Perl is at the mercy of your machine's definitions of various
+operations such as type casting, atof(), and floating-point
+output with sprintf().
+
+If your stdio requires a seek or eof between reads and writes on a
+particular stream, so does Perl. (This doesn't apply to sysread()
+and syswrite().)
+
+While none of the built-in data types have any arbitrary size limits
+(apart from memory size), there are still a few arbitrary limits: a
+given variable name may not be longer than 251 characters. Line numbers
+displayed by diagnostics are internally stored as short integers,
+so they are limited to a maximum of 65535 (higher numbers usually being
+affected by wraparound).
+
+You may mail your bug reports (be sure to include full configuration
+information as output by the myconfig program in the perl source
+tree, or by C<perl -V>) to perlbug@perl.org . If you've succeeded
+in compiling perl, the B<perlbug> script in the F<utils/> subdirectory
+can be used to help mail in a bug report.
+
+Perl actually stands for Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister, but
+don't tell anyone I said that.
+
+=head1 NOTES
+
+The Perl motto is "There's more than one way to do it." Divining
+how many more is left as an exercise to the reader.
+
+The three principal virtues of a programmer are Laziness,
+Impatience, and Hubris. See the Camel Book for why.
+