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diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html b/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c8016cf4493 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +<?xml version="1.0"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 25 March 2009), see www.w3.org" /> + +<title>1 Introduction</title> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=utf-8" /> +<meta name="generator" content= +"TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)" /> +<meta name="originator" content= +"TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)" /> +<!-- info,2,imgdir:images/,sec-filename,next,index=2,url-enc,html --> +<meta name="src" content="index.tex" /> +<meta name="date" content="2011-03-20 12:48:00" /> +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css" /> +</head> + +<body> +<!--l. 5--> + +<p class="noindent"></p> + +<div id="container"> +<!--l. 5--> + +<div class="crosslinks"> +<p class="noindent">[<a href="Installation.html">next</a>] +[<a href="contentsname.html">prev</a>] [<a href= +"contentsname.html#tailcontentsname.html">prev-tail</a>] [<a href= +"#tailIntroduction.html">tail</a>] [<a href= +"index.html#Introduction.html">up</a>]</p> +</div><!--l. 5--> + +<p class="indent"></p> + +<div class="chapternumber"> +1 +</div> + +<h1><a id="x4-20001" name="x4-20001"></a>Introduction</h1> +<!--l. 7--> + +<p class="indent">Donald E. Knuth<a id="dx4-2001" name= +"dx4-2001"></a> decided to create a new typesetting system, which +would be called T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2002" name= +"dx4-2002"></a>, because there had been a change in the printing +system used for the volumes of his book <em>The Art of Computer +Programming</em> and Knuth found the result of the new system +awful. <!--l. 9--></p> + +<p class="indent">The goal of T<sub>E</sub>X was then to have a +system which would always produce the same documents independently +of the actual machine they were processed on. Knuth also designed +the <em>Computer Modern</em> family of typefaces and the +<span class="sansserif">METAFONT</span><a id="dx4-2003" name= +"dx4-2003"></a> language for font description. <!--l. 11--></p> + +<p class="indent">The work initiated in 1977 was finished (the +languages were “frozen”) in 1989. T<sub>E</sub>X and <span class= +"sansserif">METAFONT</span> are not evolving any more except for +minor bug fixes (T<sub>E</sub>X versions are numbered following the +decimals of <span class="lmmi-12">π</span>—now 3.1415926—and +<span class="sansserif">METAFONT</span> the decimals of the number +“e”—now 2.718281). <!--l. 13--></p> + +<p class="indent">T<sub>E</sub>X provides basic tools +(commands/instructions/“primitives”) to define typesetting; almost +every detail has to be defined, but the language allows the +creation of macros for repeatedly used constructs. So collections +of macros are loaded through format files<a id="dx4-2004" name= +"dx4-2004"></a> (i.e., pre-compiled large macro collections). +<!--l. 15--></p> + +<p class="indent">Knuth created an original default format (more or +less 600 commands) which is called <em>Plain T<sub>E</sub>X<a id= +"dx4-2005" name="dx4-2005"></a></em>. This facilitates creating +documents. <!--l. 17--></p> + +<p class="indent">The most widely used format is +L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2006" name="dx4-2006"></a> +(Leslie Lamport<a id="dx4-2007" name="dx4-2007"></a>, 1985), which +provides more global commands and structures for documents +(article, book,…) allowing easier and faster work, but sometimes +with loss of flexibility due to the more or less rigid framework. +But there are many other formats and T<sub>E</sub>X-variants in use +as well, such as <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= +"images/cmsy10-c-41.png" alt="A" class= +"10-120x-x-41" /></span><span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= +"images/cmsy10-c-4d.png" alt="M" class="10-120x-x-4d" /></span> +<span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src="images/cmsy10-c-53.png" alt= +"S" class="10-120x-x-53" /></span>-T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2008" +name="dx4-2008"></a>, <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= +"images/cmsy10-c-41.png" alt="A" class= +"10-120x-x-41" /></span><span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= +"images/cmsy10-c-4d.png" alt="M" class="10-120x-x-4d" /></span> +<span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src="images/cmsy10-c-53.png" alt= +"S" class="10-120x-x-53" /></span>-L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, +ConT<sub>E</sub>Xt<a id="dx4-2009" name="dx4-2009"></a>, or +X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X, each having specific goals and +advantages (and drawbacks). <!--l. 19--></p> + +<p class="indent">To extend the format, one loads “packages<a id= +"dx4-2010" name="dx4-2010"></a>” which are collections of macros +specific to some aspect of typesetting. <!--l. 21--></p> + +<p class="indent">From its specification in the late 1970s, the +T<sub>E</sub>X family had to evolve until now, last version March +2008, to take into account the developments in the typesetting +world outside T<sub>E</sub>X. <!--l. 23--></p> + +<p class="indent">Some of the problems to answer were/are:</p> + +<ul class="itemize1"> +<li class="itemize">taking into account other languages with +“alphabets” larger than the ASCII<span class= +"footnote-mark"><a href="index5.html#fn1x2"><sup class= +"textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a id="x4-2011f1" name= +"x4-2011f1"></a> one or with non-Latin characters altogether,</li> + +<li class="itemize">having more fonts, there is not much variety in +the fonts created with <span class="sansserif">METAFONT</span> (few +font creators use it),</li> + +<li class="itemize">creating documents in other formats than the +normal DVI<span class="footnote-mark"><a href= +"index6.html#fn2x2"><sup class= +"textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a id="x4-2012f2" name= +"x4-2012f2"></a>,</li> + +<li class="itemize">using the rich possibilities of other +typesetting systems and formats like PostScript and PDF,</li> + +<li class="itemize">having more calculation and scripting +facilities,…</li> +</ul><!--l. 32--> + +<p class="indent">To answer these questions and others, many +“engines” and programmes have been created around T<sub>E</sub>X, +including pdftex<a id="dx4-2013" name="dx4-2013"></a>, pdflatex, +dvips<a id="dx4-2014" name="dx4-2014"></a>, ps2pdf, and +<span class="sansserif">METAPOST</span><a id="dx4-2015" name= +"dx4-2015"></a>, which opens the T<sub>E</sub>X world to the +possibilities of PostScript<a id="dx4-2016" name="dx4-2016"></a> +and PDF<a id="dx4-2017" name="dx4-2017"></a>. +X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2018" name="dx4-2018"></a> +and X<sub>E</sub>L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>Xto be able to use the +“normal” fonts found on the different machines and to be able to +cope with writing systems different from the left to right systems +which originated in Europe (Latin and Cyrillic letters and +associates)—right to left, vertically, pictograms,…Or LuaTeX<a id= +"dx4-2019" name="dx4-2019"></a> and LuaLaTeX to have a powerful +scripting language. <!--l. 34--></p> + +<p class="indent">To use T<sub>E</sub>X and the systems of its +family, one has to create a “source” document<a id="dx4-2020" name= +"dx4-2020"></a> as T<sub>E</sub>X is only a system to “transform” a +source document into a (beautifully) typeset document. This source +is a simple text with typesetting instructions and one needs a +programme to create it: the editor<a id="dx4-2021" name= +"dx4-2021"></a>. <!--l. 36--></p> + +<p class="indent">There are many editors able to create a +T<sub>E</sub>X source; some are general editors, others are +specifically designed for T<sub>E</sub>X: here +T<sub>E</sub>Xworks<a id="dx4-2022" name="dx4-2022"></a> comes in. +<!--l. 39--></p> + +<p class="indent"><b>T<sub>E</sub>Xworks</b> is a project to create +a text editor for use with the T<sub>E</sub>X family of tools; we +will refer to these as (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X. Instead of +creating a new sophisticated program, equipped with multiple +tool-bars to meet any need, T<sub>E</sub>Xworks provides a simple +editor, offering at first sight only a limited set of tools for +text editing as well as a single button and a menu to typeset a +(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X text. <!--l. 41--></p> + +<p class="indent">The idea to create the editor came to +<em>Jonathan Kew<a id="dx4-2023" name="dx4-2023"></a></em>, the +initiator and leader of the project, after a long period of +reflection on the reasons why potential users tend to keep away +from (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, as well as pondering the +success of the <b>T<sub>E</sub>Xshop<a id="dx4-2024" name= +"dx4-2024"></a></b> editor on the Mac. <!--l. 43--></p> + +<p class="indent">Finally the goal was also to provide the same +editor on many operating systems: T<sub>E</sub>Xworks currently +runs on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. The interface is always the +same and the program offers the same functionality on all three +platforms. <!--l. 45--></p> + +<p class="indent">After this introduction, the second section of +this manual explains how to install the software. In the third +section, we describe the interface and create a first document +showing the basics of T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. In the forth and fifth +section, the advanced tools provided by T<sub>E</sub>Xworks are +presented; you should read these sections only after mastering the +basic working of T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. These advanced tools allow +much more effective working practices. The sixth section gives a +brief introduction to scripting. This section focuses on using +ready-made scripts, not on writing your own scripts (which is +beyond the scope of this manual and will be presented elsewhere). +After that, the seventh section in which some pointers to further +information about T<sub>E</sub>Xworks and sources for help are +compiled concludes the main part. <!--l. 47--></p> + +<p class="indent">Finally, the appendices provide additional +information how T<sub>E</sub>Xworks can be customized, about the +regular expression search/replace system, and how +T<sub>E</sub>Xworks can be compiled from source. A short +bibliography and an index conclude this manual.</p> + +<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1</span> <a id= +"x4-30001.1" name="x4-30001.1"></a>Icons and style</h3><!--l. 51--> + +<p class="noindent">Because a picture is often worth a thousand +words, icons and special styling is used throughout this manual to +avoid cumbersome paraphrases or mark specialties. Keyboard keys are +usually depicted as <span class="ec-lmss-10">A</span> + , with the exception of a few special keys. These are: +<span class="keystroke">Shift <span class= +"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span>, <span class="keystroke">Page +<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">↑</span></span>, <span class= +"keystroke">Page <span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">↓</span></span>, +<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/index0x.png" alt="←'" +class="hookleftarrow" /></span> (return), <span class="keystroke"> +<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">↑</span></span>, <span class= +"keystroke"> <span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">↓</span></span>, +<span class="keystroke lmsy-10x-x-120">←</span>, <span class= +"keystroke lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span>, <span class= +"keystroke"> </span> (space), <span class= +"keystroke"><img src="images/index1x.png" alt="↦- →" class= +"longmapsto" /></span> (backspace), and <span class= +"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> (tab). <!--l. 54--></p> + +<p class="indent">In addition, mouse clicks are depicted as +<img src="images/LMB.png" alt="pict" /> (left click) and <img src= +"images/RMB.png" alt="pict" /> (right click; on Mac OS X with a +one-button mouse, this is usually available by holding down +<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span> while clicking). +<!--l. 56--></p> + +<p class="indent">Apart from input instructions, several passages +throughout this manual are marked by special styling. +<!--l. 59--></p> + +<p class="indent">Information that is only valid or relevant for a +particular operating system is marked like this:</p> + +<div class="OSspecific"> +<div class="OSspecificLogo OSWindows"></div>This only concerns you +if you use Windows.<br class="newline" /> +Of course you can also read it if you use another operating +system.<br class="newline" /> +It just will not be of much use to you. +</div><!--l. 67--> + +<p class="indent">Code examples are set in a fixed-space, +typewriter font, with lines above and below to set it apart from +the rest of the text:</p> + +<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"> +<a id="x4-3002r1" name="x4-3002r1"></a><span class= +"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class= +"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Hello</span><span class= +"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \TeX-World!</span> +</div><!--l. 72--> + +<p class="indent">Closely related to this, chapter <a href= +"Firststeps.html#x11-90003">3 +<!--tex4ht:ref: chap:first-steps --></a> contains several +tutorials, which are typeset just like the code examples above, but +with an additional notebook icon next to it. <!--l. 5--></p> + +<div class="crosslinks"> +<p class="noindent">[<a href="Installation.html">next</a>] +[<a href="contentsname.html">prev</a>] [<a href= +"contentsname.html#tailcontentsname.html">prev-tail</a>] [<a href= +"Introduction.html">front</a>] [<a href= +"index.html#Introduction.html">up</a>]</p> +</div><!--l. 5--> + +<p class="indent"><a id="tailIntroduction.html" name= +"tailIntroduction.html"></a></p> +</div> +</body> +</html> |