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diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html b/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html index 68ba4206371..e118c4625a4 100644 --- a/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html +++ b/Master/tlpkg/texworks/texworks-help/TeXworks-manual/en/Introduction.html @@ -36,24 +36,25 @@ <!--l. 7--> <p class="indent">Donald E. Knuth<a id="dx4-2001" name= "dx4-2001"></a> decided to create a new typesetting system, which -would be called TE X<a id="dx4-2002" name="dx4-2002"></a>, because -there had been a change in the printing system used for the volumes -of his book <em>The Art of Computer Programming</em> and Knuth -found the result of the new system awful. <!--l. 9--></p> -<p class="indent">The goal of TE X was then to have a system which -would always produce the same documents independently of the actual -machine they were processed on. Knuth also designed the -<em>Computer Modern</em> family of typefaces and the <span class= -"sansserif">METAFONT</span><a id="dx4-2003" name="dx4-2003"></a> -language for font description. <!--l. 11--></p> +would be called T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2002" name= +"dx4-2002"></a>, because there had been a change in the printing +system used for the volumes of his book <em>The Art of Computer +Programming</em> and Knuth found the result of the new system +awful. <!--l. 9--></p> +<p class="indent">The goal of T<sub>E</sub>X was then to have a +system which would always produce the same documents independently +of the actual machine they were processed on. Knuth also designed +the <em>Computer Modern</em> family of typefaces and the +<span class="sansserif">METAFONT</span><a id="dx4-2003" name= +"dx4-2003"></a> language for font description. <!--l. 11--></p> <p class="indent">The work initiated in 1977 was finished (the -languages were “frozen”) in 1989. TE X and <span class= +languages were “frozen”) in 1989. T<sub>E</sub>X and <span class= "sansserif">METAFONT</span> are not evolving any more except for -minor bug fixes (TE X versions are numbered following the decimals -of <span class="lmmi-12">π</span>—now 3.1415926—and <span class= -"sansserif">METAFONT</span> the decimals of the number “e”—now -2.718281). <!--l. 13--></p> -<p class="indent">TE X provides basic tools +minor bug fixes (T<sub>E</sub>X versions are numbered following the +decimals of <span class="lmmi-12">π</span>—now 3.1415926—and +<span class="sansserif">METAFONT</span> the decimals of the number +“e”—now 2.718281). <!--l. 13--></p> +<p class="indent">T<sub>E</sub>X provides basic tools (commands/instructions/“primitives”) to define typesetting; almost every detail has to be defined, but the language allows the creation of macros for repeatedly used constructs. So collections @@ -61,38 +62,38 @@ of macros are loaded through format files<a id="dx4-2004" name= "dx4-2004"></a> (i.e., pre-compiled large macro collections). <!--l. 15--></p> <p class="indent">Knuth created an original default format (600 -commands, more or less) which is called <em>Plain TE X<a id= -"dx4-2005" name="dx4-2005"></a></em>. This facilitates creating -documents. <!--l. 17--></p> -<p class="indent">The most widely used format is L<span class= -"ec-lmr-8">A</span>TE X<a id="dx4-2006" name="dx4-2006"></a> +commands, more or less) which is called <em>Plain +T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2005" name="dx4-2005"></a></em>. This +facilitates creating documents. <!--l. 17--></p> +<p class="indent">The most widely used format is +L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2006" name="dx4-2006"></a> (Leslie Lamport<a id="dx4-2007" name="dx4-2007"></a>, 1985), which provides more global commands and structures for documents (article, book,…) allowing easier and faster work, but sometimes with loss of flexibility due to the more or less rigid framework. -But there are many other formats and TE X-variants in use as well, -such as <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= +But there are many other formats and T<sub>E</sub>X-variants in use +as well, such as <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= "images/cmsy10-c-41.png" alt="A" class= "10-120x-x-41" /></span><span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= "images/cmsy10-c-4d.png" alt="M" class="10-120x-x-4d" /></span> <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src="images/cmsy10-c-53.png" alt= -"S" class="10-120x-x-53" /></span>-TE X<a id="dx4-2008" name= -"dx4-2008"></a>, <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= +"S" class="10-120x-x-53" /></span>-T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2008" +name="dx4-2008"></a>, <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= "images/cmsy10-c-41.png" alt="A" class= "10-120x-x-41" /></span><span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src= "images/cmsy10-c-4d.png" alt="M" class="10-120x-x-4d" /></span> <span class="cmsy-10x-x-120"><img src="images/cmsy10-c-53.png" alt= -"S" class="10-120x-x-53" /></span>-L<span class= -"ec-lmr-8">A</span>TE X, ConTE Xt<a id="dx4-2009" name= -"dx4-2009"></a>, or X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X, each having -specific goals and advantages (and drawbacks). <!--l. 19--></p> +"S" class="10-120x-x-53" /></span>-L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, +ConT<sub>E</sub>Xt<a id="dx4-2009" name="dx4-2009"></a>, or +X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X, each having specific goals and +advantages (and drawbacks). <!--l. 19--></p> <p class="indent">To extend the format, one loads “packages<a id= "dx4-2010" name="dx4-2010"></a>” which are collections of macros specific to some aspect of typesetting. <!--l. 21--></p> -<p class="indent">From its specification in the late 1970s, the TE -X family had to evolve until now, last version March 2008, to take -into account the developments in the typesetting world outside TE -X. <!--l. 23--></p> +<p class="indent">From its specification in the late 1970s, the +T<sub>E</sub>X family had to evolve until now, last version March +2008, to take into account the developments in the typesetting +world outside T<sub>E</sub>X. <!--l. 23--></p> <p class="indent">Some of the problems to answer were/are:</p> <ul class="itemize1"> <li class="itemize">taking into account other languages with @@ -114,50 +115,52 @@ typesetting systems and formats like PostScript and PDF,</li> facilities,…</li> </ul><!--l. 32--> <p class="indent">To answer these questions and others, many -“engines” and programmes have been created around TE X, including -pdftex<a id="dx4-2013" name="dx4-2013"></a>, pdflatex, dvips<a id= -"dx4-2014" name="dx4-2014"></a>, ps2pdf, and <span class= -"sansserif">METAPOST</span><a id="dx4-2015" name="dx4-2015"></a>, -which opens the TE X world to the possibilities of PostScript<a id= -"dx4-2016" name="dx4-2016"></a> and PDF<a id="dx4-2017" name= -"dx4-2017"></a>. X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2018" name= -"dx4-2018"></a> and X<sub>E</sub>L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>Xto be -able to use the “normal” fonts found on the different machines and -to be able to cope with writing systems different from the left to -right systems which originated in Europe (Latin and Cyrillic -letters and associates)—right to left, vertically, pictograms,…Or -LuaTeX<a id="dx4-2019" name="dx4-2019"></a> and LuaLaTeX to have a -powerful scripting language. <!--l. 34--></p> -<p class="indent">To use TE X and the systems of its family, one -has to create a “source” document<a id="dx4-2020" name= -"dx4-2020"></a> as TE X is only a system to “transform” a source -document into a (beautifully) typeset document. This source is a -simple text with typesetting instructions and one needs a programme -to create it: the editor<a id="dx4-2021" name="dx4-2021"></a>. -<!--l. 36--></p> -<p class="indent">There are many editors able to create a TE X -source; some are general editors, others are specifically designed -for TE X: here T<sub>E</sub>Xworks<a id="dx4-2022" name= -"dx4-2022"></a> comes in. <!--l. 39--></p> +“engines” and programmes have been created around T<sub>E</sub>X, +including pdftex<a id="dx4-2013" name="dx4-2013"></a>, pdflatex, +dvips<a id="dx4-2014" name="dx4-2014"></a>, ps2pdf, and +<span class="sansserif">METAPOST</span><a id="dx4-2015" name= +"dx4-2015"></a>, which opens the T<sub>E</sub>X world to the +possibilities of PostScript<a id="dx4-2016" name="dx4-2016"></a> +and PDF<a id="dx4-2017" name="dx4-2017"></a>. +X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx4-2018" name="dx4-2018"></a> +and X<sub>E</sub>L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>Xto be able to use the +“normal” fonts found on the different machines and to be able to +cope with writing systems different from the left to right systems +which originated in Europe (Latin and Cyrillic letters and +associates)—right to left, vertically, pictograms,…Or LuaTeX<a id= +"dx4-2019" name="dx4-2019"></a> and LuaLaTeX to have a powerful +scripting language. <!--l. 34--></p> +<p class="indent">To use T<sub>E</sub>X and the systems of its +family, one has to create a “source” document<a id="dx4-2020" name= +"dx4-2020"></a> as T<sub>E</sub>X is only a system to “transform” a +source document into a (beautifully) typeset document. This source +is a simple text with typesetting instructions and one needs a +programme to create it: the editor<a id="dx4-2021" name= +"dx4-2021"></a>. <!--l. 36--></p> +<p class="indent">There are many editors able to create a +T<sub>E</sub>X source; some are general editors, others are +specifically designed for T<sub>E</sub>X: here +T<sub>E</sub>Xworks<a id="dx4-2022" name="dx4-2022"></a> comes in. +<!--l. 39--></p> <p class="indent"><b>T<sub>E</sub>Xworks</b> is a project to create -a text editor for use with the TE X family of tools; we will refer -to these as (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X. Instead of creating a -new sophisticated program, equipped with multiple tool-bars to meet -any need, T<sub>E</sub>Xworks provides a simple editor, offering at -first sight only a limited set of tools for text editing as well as -a single button and a menu to typeset a +a text editor for use with the T<sub>E</sub>X family of tools; we +will refer to these as (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X. Instead of +creating a new sophisticated program, equipped with multiple +tool-bars to meet any need, T<sub>E</sub>Xworks provides a simple +editor, offering at first sight only a limited set of tools for +text editing as well as a single button and a menu to typeset a (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X text. <!--l. 41--></p> <p class="indent">The idea to create the editor came to <em>Jonathan Kew<a id="dx4-2023" name="dx4-2023"></a></em>, the initiator and leader of the project, after a long period of reflection on the reasons why potential users tend to keep away from (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, as well as pondering the -success of the <b>TE XShop<a id="dx4-2024" name="dx4-2024"></a></b> -editor on the Mac. <!--l. 43--></p> +success of the <b>T<sub>E</sub>XShop<a id="dx4-2024" name= +"dx4-2024"></a></b> editor on the Mac. <!--l. 43--></p> <p class="indent">Finally the goal was also to provide the same editor on many operating systems: T<sub>E</sub>Xworks currently -runs on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. The interface is always the -same and the program offers the same functionality on all three +runs on Linux, macOS and Windows. The interface is always the same +and the program offers the same functionality on all three platforms. <!--l. 45--></p> <p class="indent">After this introduction, the second section of this manual explains how to install the software. In the third @@ -196,13 +199,12 @@ class="hookleftarrow" /></span> (return), <span class="keystroke"> <span class="keystroke lmsy-10x-x-120">←</span>, <span class= "keystroke lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span>, <span class= "keystroke"> </span> (space), <span class= -"keystroke"><img src="images/index1x.png" alt="↦-→" class= +"keystroke"><img src="images/index1x.png" alt="↦- →" class= "longmapsto" /></span> (backspace), and <span class= "keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> (tab). <!--l. 54--></p> <p class="indent">In addition, mouse clicks are depicted as -<img src="images/images/LMB.png" alt="PIC" width="12" height= -"13" /> (left click) and <img src="images/images/RMB.png" alt="PIC" -width="12" height="13" /> (right click; on Mac OS X with a +<img src="images/LMB.png" alt="pict" /> (left click) and <img src= +"images/RMB.png" alt="pict" /> (right click; on macOS with a one-button mouse, this is usually available by holding down <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span> while clicking). <!--l. 56--></p> @@ -227,7 +229,7 @@ the rest of the text:</p> "ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \TeX-World!</span> </div><!--l. 72--> <p class="indent">Closely related to this, chapter <a href= -"Firststeps.html#x10-90003">3 +"Firststeps.html#x9-90003">3 <!--tex4ht:ref: chap:first-steps --></a> contains several tutorials, which are typeset just like the code examples above, but with an additional notebook icon next to it. <!--l. 5--></p> |