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-.TH MAKEINDEX 1 "24 September 2011" "TeX Live" "TeX Live"
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH NAME
-makeindex \- a general purpose, formatter-independent index processor
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B makeindex
-.RB [ \-c ]
-.RB [ \-g ]
-.RB [ \-i ]
-.RB [ \-l ]
-.RB [ \-o
-.IR ind ]
-.RB [ \-p
-.IR num ]
-.RB [ \-q ]
-.RB [ \-r ]
-.RB [ \-s
-.IR sfile ]
-.RB [ \-t
-.IR log ]
-.RB [ \-L ]
-.RB [ \-T ]
-.RI [ idx0
-.I idx1
-.IR idx2 .\|.\|.]
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The program
-.I makeindex
-is a general purpose hierarchical index generator; it accepts one or
-more input files (often produced by a text formatter such as \*(TX
-.RI ( tex (1L))
-or
-.IR troff (1),
-sorts the entries, and produces an output file which can be formatted.
-The index can have up to three levels (0, 1, and 2) of subitem nesting.
-The way in which words are flagged for indexing within the main document
-is specific to the formatter used;
-.I makeindex
-does
-.I not
-automate the process of selecting these words. As the output index
-is hierarchical,
-.I makeindex
-can be considered complimentary to the
-.IR awk (1)-based
-.IR make.index (1L)
-system of Bentley and Kernighan, which is specific to
-.IR troff (1),
-generates non-hierarchical indices, and employs a much simpler syntax
-for indicating index entries. For illustration of use with
-.I troff
-and
-.IR \*(TX ,
-see the section \s-2EXAMPLES\s+2 below.
-.LP
-The formats of the input and output files are
-specified in a style file; by default, input is assumed to be a
-.I \&.idx
-file, as generated by \*(LX.
-.LP
-Unless specified explicitly, the base name of the first input file
-.RI ( idx0 )
-is used to determine the names of other files. For each input file
-name specified, a file of that name is sought. If this file is not
-found and the file name has no extension, the extension
-.I \&.idx
-is appended. If no file with this name is found,
-.I makeindex
-aborts.
-.LP
-If exactly one input file was given and no explicit style file was
-specified using
-.BR \-s ,
-.I makeindex
-uses a file with the extension
-.I \&.mst
-as default style file (when present).
-.LP
-For important notes on how to select index keywords, see the document
-by Lamport cited below. As an issue separate from selecting index
-keywords, a systematic mechanism for placing index terms in a document
-is suggested in
-.IR "Index Preparation and Processing" ,
-a paper cited below.
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP 10
-.B \-c
-Compress intermediate blanks (ignoring leading and trailing blanks and
-tabs). By default, blanks in the index key are retained.
-.TP 10
-.B \-g
-Employ German word ordering in the index, in accord with rules set forth
-in DIN 5007. By default,
-.I makeindex
-employs a word ordering in which precedence is: symbols, numbers,
-uppercase letters, lowercase letters. The sequence in German word
-ordering is: symbols, lowercase letters, uppercase letters, numbers.
-Additionally, this option enables
-.I makeindex
-to recognize the German \*(TX-commands {"a, "o, "u and "s} as {ae, oe,
-ue and ss} during the sorting of the entries. The quote character
-must be redefined in a style file (for example, redefine quote
-as '+'). If the quote character is not redefined,
-.I makeindex
-will produce an error message and abort.
-.TP 10
-.B \-i
-Take input from
-.IR stdin .
-When this option is specified and
-.B \-o
-is not, output is written to
-.IR stdout .
-.TP 10
-.B \-l
-Letter ordering; by default, word ordering is used (see
-the \s-2ORDERING\s+2 section).
-.TP 10
-.BI \-o " ind"
-Employ
-.I ind
-as the output index file. By default, the file name
-is created by appending the extension
-.I .ind
-to the base name of
-the first input file
-.RI ( idx0 ).
-.TP 10
-.BI \-p " num"
-Set the starting page number of the output index file to be
-.I num
-(useful when the index file is to be formatted separately). The
-argument
-.I num
-may be numerical or one of the following:
-.RS
-.TP 10
-.I any
-The starting page is the last source page number plus 1.
-.TP
-.I odd
-The starting page is the first odd page following the last source page
-number.
-.TP
-.I even
-The starting page is the first even page following the last source
-page number.
-.RE
-.IP
-The last source page is obtained by searching backward in the log file
-for the first instance of a number included within paired square
-brackets
-.RB ( [ .\|.\|. ] ).
-If a page number is missing or the log file is not found, no attempt
-will be made to set the starting page number. The source log file
-name is determined by appending the extension
-.I \&.log
-to the base name of the first input file
-.RI ( idx0 ).
-.TP 10
-.B \-q
-Quiet mode; send no messages to
-.IR stderr .
-By default, progress
-and error messages are sent to
-.I stderr
-as well as to the
-transcript file.
-.TP 10
-.B \-r
-Disable implicit page range formation; page ranges must be created by
-using explicit range operators; see \s-2SPECIAL EFFECTS\s+2 below. By
-default, three or more successive pages are automatically abbreviated
-as a range (e.g. 1\(em5).
-.TP 10
-.BI \-s " sty"
-Employ
-.I sty
-as the style file (no default). The environment
-variable \s-2INDEXSTYLE\s+2 defines the path where the style file
-should be found.
-.TP 10
-.BI \-t " log"
-Employ
-.I log
-as the transcript file. By default, the file name is
-created by appending the extension
-.I .ilg
-to the base name of the
-first input file
-.RI ( idx0 ).
-.TP 10
-.BR \-L
-sort based on locale settings. Not available on all systems.
-.TP 10
-.BR \-T
-special support for Thai documents. Not available on all systems.
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH "STYLE FILE"
-The style file informs
-.I makeindex
-about the format of the
-.I \&.idx
-input files and the intended format of the final output file; examples
-appear below. This file can reside anywhere in the path defined by
-the environment variable \s-2INDEXSTYLE\s+2. The style file contains
-a list of
-.RI < specifier , " attribute" >
-pairs. There are two types of specifiers: input and output.
-Pairs do not have to appear in any particular order.
-A line begun by `%' is a comment. In the following list of
-specifiers and arguments, <string> is an arbitrary string delimited by
-double quotes (".\|.\|."), <char> is a single letter embraced by
-single quotes ('.\|.\|.'), and <number> is a nonnegative integer.
-The maximum length of a <string> is 2048. A literal backslash or
-quote must be escaped (by a backslash). Anything not specified in the
-style file will be assigned a default value, which is shown at the
-head of the rightmost column.
-.\"----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "INPUT STYLE SPECIFIERS"
-.TP 25
-.BR actual " <char>"
-\'@\'
-.RS
-Symbol indicating that the next entry is to appear in the output file.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR arg_close " <char>"
-\'}\'
-.RS
-Closing delimiter for the index entry argument.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR arg_open " <char>"
-\'{\'
-.RS
-Opening delimiter for the index entry argument.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR encap " <char>"
-\'|\'
-.RS
-Symbol indicating that the rest of the argument list
-is to be used as the encapsulating command for the page number.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR escape " <char>"
-\'\\\\\'
-.RS
-Symbol which escapes the following letter, unless its preceding letter
-is
-.BR escape .
-Note:
-.B quote
-is used to escape the letter which immediately follows it, but if it is
-preceded by
-.BR escape ,
-it is treated as a ordinary character. These two symbols
-.I must
-be distinct.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR keyword " <string>"
-"\\\\indexentry"
-.RS
-Command which tells
-.I makeindex
-that its argument is an index entry.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR level " <char>"
-\'!\'
-.RS
-Delimiter denoting a new level of subitem.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR page_compositor " <string>"
-"-"
-.RS
-Delimiter separating parts of a composite page number (see
-\s-2SPECIAL EFFECTS\s+2 below).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR quote " <char>"
-\'"\'
-.RS
-Note:
-.B quote
-is used to escape the letter which immediately follows it, but if it is
-preceded by
-.BR escape ,
-it is treated as a ordinary character. These two symbols
-.I must
-be distinct.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR range_close " <char>"
-\')\'
-.RS
-Closing delimiter indicating the end of an explicit page range.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR range_open " <char>"
-\'(\'
-.RS
-Opening delimiter indicating the beginning of an explicit page range.
-.RE
-.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "OUTPUT STYLE SPECIFIERS"
-.TP 25
-.BR preamble " <string>"
-"\\\\begin{theindex}\\n"
-.RS
-Preamble of output file.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR postamble " <string>"
-"\\n\\n\\\\end{theindex}\\n"
-.RS
-Postamble of output file.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR setpage_prefix " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\setcounter{page}{"
-.RS
-Prefix of command which sets the starting page number.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR setpage_suffix " <string>"
-"}\\n"
-.RS
-Suffix of command which sets the starting page number.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR group_skip " <string>"
-"\\n\\n \\\\indexspace\\n"
-.RS
-Vertical space to be inserted before a new group begins.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR headings_flag " <string>"
-0
-.RS
-Flag indicating treatment of new group headers, which are inserted
-when before a new group (symbols, numbers, and the 26 letters):
-positive values cause an uppercase letter to be inserted between
-prefix and suffix, and negative values cause a lowercase letter to be
-inserted (default is 0, which produces no header).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR heading_prefix " <string>"
-""
-.RS
-Header prefix to be inserted before a new letter begins.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR symhead_positive " <string>"
-"Symbols"
-.RS
-Heading for symbols to be inserted if
-.B headings_flag
-is positive.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR symhead_negative " <string>"
-"symbols"
-.RS
-Heading for symbols to be inserted if
-.B headings_flag
-is negative.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR numhead_positive " <string>"
-"Numbers"
-.RS
-Heading for numbers to be inserted if
-.B headings_flag
-is positive.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR numhead_negative " <string>"
-"numbers"
-.RS
-Heading for numbers to be inserted if
-.B headings_flag
-is negative.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR item_0 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\item "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between two primary (level 0) items.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR item_1 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\subitem "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between two secondary (level 1) items.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR item_2 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\subsubitem "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between two level 2 items.
-.RE
-.TP
-.B item_01 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\subitem "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR item_x1 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\subitem "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item,
-where the level 0 item does not have associated page numbers.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR item_12 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\subsubitem "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR item_x2 " <string>"
-"\\n \\\\subsubitem "
-.RS
-Command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item,
-where the level 1 item does not have associated page numbers.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR delim_0 " <string>"
-", "
-.RS
-Delimiter to be inserted between a level 0 key and its first page number
-(default: comma followed by a blank).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR delim_1 " <string>"
-", "
-.RS
-Delimiter to be inserted between a level 1 key and its first page number
-(default: comma followed by a blank).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR delim_2 " <string>"
-", "
-.RS
-Delimiter to be inserted between a level 2 key and its first page number
-(default: comma followed by a blank).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR delim_n " <string>"
-", "
-.RS
-Delimiter to be inserted between two page numbers for the same key
-in any level (default: comma followed by a blank).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR delim_r " <string>"
-"--"
-.RS
-Delimiter to be inserted between the starting and ending page numbers
-of a range.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR delim_t " <string>"
-""
-.RS
-Delimiter to be inserted at the end of a page list. This delimiter
-has no effect on entries which have no associated page list.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR encap_prefix " <string>"
-"\\\\"
-.RS
-First part of prefix for the command which encapsulates the page number.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR encap_infix " <string>"
-"{"
-.RS
-Second part of prefix for the command which encapsulates the page
-number.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR encap_suffix " <string>"
-"}".
-.RS
-Suffix for the command which encapsulates the page number.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR line_max " <number>"
-72
-.RS
-Maximum length of a line in the output, beyond which a line wraps.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR indent_space " <string>"
-"\\t\\t"
-.RS
-Space to be inserted in front of a wrapped line (default: two tabs).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR indent_length " <number>"
-16
-.RS
-Length of
-.B indent_space
-(default: 16, equivalent to 2 tabs).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR suffix_2p " <string>"
-""
-.RS
-Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page number of
-a two page list. When present, it overrides
-.BR delim_r .
-Example: "f.".
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR suffix_3p " <string>"
-""
-.RS
-Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page number of
-a three page list. When present, it overrides
-.B delim_r
-and
-.BR suffix_mp .
-Example: "ff.".
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR suffix_mp " <string>"
-""
-.RS
-Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page number of
-a multiple page list (three or more pages). When present, it overrides
-.BR delim_r .
-Example: "f.".
-.RE
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "\*(TX EXAMPLE"
-The following example shows a style file called
-.IR book.ist ,
-which defines an index for a book which can be formatted independently
-of the main source:
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fCpreamble
-"\\\\documentstyle[12pt]{book}
-\\\\begin{document}
-\\\\begin{theindex}
-{\\\\small\\n"
-postamble
-"\\n\\n}
-\\\\end{theindex}
-\\\\end{document}\\n\fP"
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-Assuming that a particular book style requires the index (as well as any
-chapters) to start from an odd page number, and that the input file is
-named
-.IR foo.idx ,
-the following command line produces output in file
-.IR footmp.ind :
-.LP
-.RS
-\fCmakeindex \-s book.ist \-o footmp.ind \-p odd foo\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-Here a non-default output file name is used to avoid clobbering the
-output for the book itself (presumably
-.IR foo.dvi ,
-which would have been the default name for the index output file!).
-.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "TROFF EXAMPLE"
-A sample control file for creating an index, which we will assume
-resides in the file
-.IR sample.ist :
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\&\fCkeyword "IX:"
-\&preamble
-\&".\\\\\\" start of index output
-\&\\".\\\\\\" enter two column mode
-\&.2C
-\&.SH
-\&.ce
-\&INDEX
-\&.XS
-\&INDEX
-\&.XE
-\&.R
-\&.ps 9p
-\&.vs 11p
-\&.sp
-\&.de I1
-\&.ti 0.25i
-\&..
-\&.de I2
-\&.ti 0.5i
-\&.."
-\&postamble "\\n.\\\\\\" end of index output"
-\&setpage_prefix "\\n.nr % "
-\&setpage_suffix ""
-\&group_skip "\\n.sp 1.0"
-\&headings_flag 1
-\&heading_prefix "\\n.IS\\n"
-\&heading_suffix "\\n.IE"
-\&item_0 "\\n.br\\n"
-\&item_1 "\\n.I1\\n"
-\&item_2 "\\n.I2\\n"
-\&item_01 "\\n.I1\\n"
-\&item_x1 "\\n.I1\\n"
-\&item_12 "\\n.I2\\n"
-\&item_x2 "\\n.I2\\n"
-\&delim_0 ", "
-\&delim_1 ", "
-\&delim_2 ", "
-\&delim_r "-"
-\&delim_t "."
-\&encap_prefix "\\\\fB"
-\&encap_infix ""
-\&encap_suffix "\\\\fP"
-\&indent_space ""
-\&indent_length 0\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-The local macro package may require modification, as in this example
-of an extension to the
-.B \-ms
-macros (note that at some sites, this macro should
-.I replace
-a pre-existing macro of the same name):
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\&.\" IX - index words to stderr
-\&.de IX
-\&.ie '\\\\n(.z'' .tm IX: \\\\$1 \\\\$2 \\\\$3 \\\\$4 \\\\$5 \\\\$6 \\\\$7 \\\\$8 \\\\$9 {\\\\n(PN}
-\&.el \\\\!.IX \\\\$1 \\\\$2 \\\\$3 \\\\$4 \\\\$5 \\\\$6 \\\\$7 \\\\$8 \\\\$9 {\\\\n(PN}
-\&..\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-(note that the string {\fC\\\\n(PN\fP} is separated from the rest of the
-line by a tab.
-If your local macro package does not contain this extension,
-just include those lines at the beginning of your file.
-Here is a simple
-.IR troff (1)
-input file, which we will assume is named
-.IR sample.txt :
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\&This is a sample file to test the \\fImakeindex\\fP(1L)
-\&program, and see
-\&.IX {indexing!programs!C language}
-\&.IX {makeindex@\\fImakeindex\\fP(1L)}
-\&.bp
-\&.rs
-\&.IX {Knuth}
-\&.IX {typesetting!computer-aided}
-\&how well it functions in the \\fItroff\\fP(1) environment.\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-Note that index entries are indicated by the
-.B .IX
-macro, which
-causes the following text to be written to
-.I stdout
-along with the
-current page number.
-.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "CREATING THE INDEX FILE IN THE BOURNE SHELL"
-To create an input file for
-.IR makeindex ,
-.B "in the Bourne shell"
-environment, do the equivalent at your site of the command:
-.LP
-.nf
-\fCpsroff -ms -Tpsc -t sample.txt > /dev/null 2> sample.tmp\fP
-.fi
-.LP
-Some sites will require
-.I ditroff
-instead of
-.IR psroff .
-To filter out any genuine error messages, invoke
-.IR grep (1):
-.LP
-.RS
-\fCgrep '^IX: ' sample.tmp > sample.idx\fP
-.RE
-.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "CREATING THE INDEX FILE USING \*(Uc ENHANCED TROFF/\*(Ts"
-With \*(Uc Enhanced troff/\*(Ts, the
-.B \-I
-option of
-.IR psroff (1L)
-can produce both formatter output and an index file:
-.LP
-.RS
-\fCpsroff -ms -I sample.inp -Tpsc sample.txt\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-If it is wished to suppress the formatter output:
-.RS
-.LP
-.nf
-\fCpsroff -ms -I sample.inp -Tpsc -t sample.txt > /dev/null\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "COMPLETING THE INDEX"
-Any of the above procedures leaves the input for
-.I makeindex
-in
-.IR sample.inp .
-The next step is to invoke
-.IR makeindex :
-.LP
-.RS
-\fCmakeindex -s sample.ist sample.idx\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-This leaves
-.IR troff (1)-ready
-output in the file
-.IR sample.ind .
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH "ORDERING"
-By default,
-.I makeindex
-assumes
-.IR "word ordering" ;
-if the
-.B \-l
-option is in effect,
-.I "letter ordering"
-is used. In word ordering, a blank precedes any letter in the
-alphabet, whereas in letter ordering, it does not count at all. This
-is illustrated by the following example:
-.LP
-.RS
-\fIword order letter order\fP
-.br
-sea lion seal
-.br
-seal sea lion
-.RE
-.LP
-Numbers are always sorted in numeric order. For instance,
-.LP
-.RS
-9 (nine), 123
-.br
-10 (ten), see Derek, Bo
-.RE
-.LP
-Letters are first sorted without regard to case; when words are
-identical, the uppercase version precedes its lowercase counterpart.
-.LP
-A special symbol is defined here to be any character not appearing in
-the union of digits and the English alphabetic characters. Patterns
-starting with special symbols precede numbers, which precede patterns
-starting with letters. As a special case, a string starting with a
-digit but mixed with non-digits is considered to be a pattern starting
-with a special character.
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH "SPECIAL EFFECTS"
-Entries such as
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha}{1}
-\\indexentry{alpha!beta}{3}
-\\indexentry{alpha!beta!gamma}{10}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-in the input file will be converted to
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\item alpha, 1
-\0\0\0\\subitem beta, 3
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\\subsubitem gamma, 10\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-in the output index file.
-Notice that the
-.B level
-symbol (`!') is used above to delimit
-hierarchical levels.
-.LP
-It is possible to make an item appear in a designated form by
-using the
-.B actual
-(`@') operator. For instance,
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha@{\\it alpha\\/}}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-will become
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item {\\it alpha\\/}, 1\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-after processing. The pattern preceding `@' is
-used as sort key, whereas the one following it is written to the
-output file. Note that two appearances of the same key, one with and
-one without the
-.B actual
-operator, are regarded as
-.I distinct
-entries.
-.LP
-The item, subitem, and subsubitem fields may have individual sort keys:
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\indexentry{aa@{\\it aa\\/}!bb@{\\it bb\\/}!cc@{\\it cc\\/}}{1}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-This will be converted to
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\item {\\it aa}, 1
-\0\0\0\\subitem {\\it bb}, 3
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\\subsubitem {\\it cc}, 10\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-It is possible to encapsulate a page number with a designated
-command using the
-.B encap
-(`|') operator:
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha|bold}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-will be converted to
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha, \\bold{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-where, with a suitable definition for \*(TX, \fC\\bold{n}\fP
-will expand to \fC{\\bf n}\fP.
-In this example, the three output attributes associated with page
-encapsulation
-.BR encap_prefix ,
-.BR encap_infix ,
-and
-.BR encap_suffix ,
-correspond to backslash, left brace, and right brace, respectively.
-This mechanism allows page numbers to be set in different fonts. For
-example, the page where the definition of a keyword appears can be in
-one font, the location of a primary example can be in another font,
-and other appearances in yet a third font.
-.LP
-The
-.B encap
-operator can also be used to create cross references in
-the index:
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha|see{beta}}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-will become
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha, \\see{beta}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-in the output file, where
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\see{beta}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-will expand to
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC{\\it see\\/} beta\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-Note that in a cross reference like this the page number disappears.
-.LP
-A pair of
-.B encap
-concatenated with
-.B range_open
-(`|(') and
-.B range_close
-(`|)') creates an explicit page range:
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(}{1}
-\\indexentry{alpha|)}{5}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-will become
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha, 1\(em5\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-Intermediate pages indexed by the same key will be merged into the
-range implicitly. This is especially useful when an entire section
-about a particular subject is to be indexed, in which case only the
-range opening and closing operators need to be inserted at the
-beginning and end of the section. Explicit page range formation can
-also include an extra command to set the page range in a designated
-font:
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(bold}{1}
-\\indexentry{alpha|)}{5}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-will become
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha, \\bold{1--5}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-Several potential problems are worth mentioning. First, entries like
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(}{1}
-\\indexentry{alpha|bold}{3}
-\\indexentry{alpha|)}{5}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-will be interpreted as
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha, \\bold{3}, 1--5\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-but with a warning message in the transcript about encountering an
-inconsistent page encapsulator.
-An explicit range beginning in a Roman page number and ending
-in Arabic is also considered an error. In this instance, (if
-possible) the range is broken into two subranges, one in Roman and the
-other in Arabic. For instance,
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(}{i}
-\\indexentry{alpha}{iv}
-\\indexentry{alpha}{3}
-\\indexentry{alpha|)}{7}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-will be turned into
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha, i--iv, 3--7\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-with a warning message in the transcript file complaining about an
-illegal range formation.
-.LP
-Every special symbol mentioned in this section may be
-escaped by the
-.B quote
-operator (`"'). Thus
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\indexentry{alpha"@beta}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-will actually become
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item alpha@beta, 1\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-as a result of executing
-.IR makeindex .
-The quoting power of
-.B quote
-is eliminated if it is immediately preceded
-by
-.B escape
-(`\\'). For example,
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\indexentry{f\\"ur}{1}\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-becomes
-.LP
-.RS
-\fC\\item f\\"ur, 1\fP
-.RE
-.LP
-which represents an umlaut-accented `u' to the \*(TX family of
-processors.
-.LP
-A page number can be a composite of one or more fields
-separated by the delimiter bound to
-.B page_compositor
-(`-'), e.g., II-12 for page 12 of Chapter II. Page numbers may
-contain up to ten fields.
-.PP
-Since version 2.11 of
-.IR makeindex ,
-the
-.B quote
-operator may quote
-.I any
-character in the range 1 .\|.\|. 255. Character 0 is excluded because
-it is used internally in the
-.I makeindex
-source code as a string terminator. With this change, sort keys can
-be created for all eight-bit characters except 0. The sorting order
-is
-.RS
-.nf
-
-punctuation characters (in ASCII order),
-digits,
-control characters (1 .\|.\|. 31),
-space (32),
-letters (ignoring case),
-characters 127 .\|.\|. 255.
-
-.fi
-.RE
-Here is an example showing the indexing of all printable ASCII
-characters other than letters and digits, assuming the default
-\*(TX format. For convenience, the page number references are
-the corresponding ASCII ordinal values.
-.RS
-.nf
-
-\fC\\indexentry{" @" (space)}{32}
-\\indexentry{"!@"! (exclamation point)}{33}
-\\indexentry{""@"" (quotation mark)}{34}
-\\indexentry{"#@"\\# (sharp sign)}{35}
-\\indexentry{"$@"\\$ (dollar sign)}{36}
-\\indexentry{"%@"\\% (percent sign)}{37}
-\\indexentry{"&@"\\& (ampersand)}{38}
-\\indexentry{"<@"$<$ (left angle bracket)}{60}
-\\indexentry{"=@"= (equals)}{61}
-\\indexentry{">@"$>$ (right angle bracket)}{62}
-\\indexentry{"?@"? (query)}{63}
-\\indexentry{"@@"@ (at sign)}{64}
-\\indexentry{"[@"[ (left square bracket)}{91}
-\\indexentry{"\\@"\\verb=\\= (backslash)}{92}
-\\indexentry{"]@"] (right square bracket)}{93}
-\\indexentry{"^@"\\verb=^= (caret)}{94}
-\\indexentry{"_@"\\verb=_= (underscore)}{95}
-\\indexentry{"`@"\\verb=~= (grave accent)}{96}
-\\indexentry{"{@"\\"{ (left brace)}{123}
-\\indexentry{"|@"\\verb="|= (vertical bar)}{124}
-\\indexentry{"}@"\\"} (right brace)}{125}
-\\indexentry{"~@"\\verb=~= (tilde)}{126}\fP
-
-.fi
-.RE
-Characters in the actual fields following the `@' character which
-have special significance to \*(TX must be represented as control
-sequences, or as math mode characters. Note particularly how the
-entries for the at sign, left and right braces, and the vertical
-bar, are coded. The index file output by
-.I makeindex
-for this example looks like this:
-.RS
-.nf
-
-\fC\\begin{theindex}
-
- \\item ! (exclamation point), 33
- \\item " (quotation mark), 34
- \\item \\# (sharp sign), 35
- \\item \\$ (dollar sign), 36
- \\item \\% (percent sign), 37
- \\item \\& (ampersand), 38
- \\item $<$ (left angle bracket), 60
- \\item = (equals), 61
- \\item $>$ (right angle bracket), 62
- \\item ? (query), 63
- \\item @ (at sign), 64
- \\item [ (left square bracket), 91
- \\item \\verb=\\= (backslash), 92
- \\item ] (right square bracket), 93
- \\item \\verb=^= (caret), 94
- \\item \\verb=_= (underscore), 95
- \\item \\verb=~= (grave accent), 96
- \\item \\{ (left brace), 123
- \\item \\verb=|= (vertical bar), 124
- \\item \\} (right brace), 125
- \\item \\verb=~= (tilde), 126
-
- \\indexspace
-
- \\item (space), 32
-
-\\end{theindex}\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH "FILES"
-.TP 2.2i
-.I makeindex
-executable file
-.TP
-.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/plain/misc/idxmac.tex
-\*(TX macro file used by
-.I makeindex
-.TP
-.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/latex/base/makeidx.sty
-\*(TX macro file used by
-.I makeindex
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-ditroff(1L),
-latex(1L),
-make.index (1L),
-qsort(3),
-tex(1L),
-troff(1L)
-.LP
-.IR "\*(Uc Enhanced troff/\*(Ts \(em An Overview" ,
-R. P. C. Rodgers and Conrad Huang, LSMB Technical Report 90-2,
-UCSF School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, 1990.
-.LP
-.IR "Index Preparation and Processing" ,
-Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison,
-.IR "Software: Practice and Experience" ,
-.BR 19 (9),
-897\(en915,
-September 1988.
-.LP
-.IR "Automating Index Preparation" ,
-Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison. Technical Report 87/347,
-Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 1987
-(a \*(LX document supplied with
-.IR makeindex ).
-.LP
-.IR "MakeIndex: An Index Processor for \*(LX" ,
-Leslie Lamport, February 1987 (a \*(LX document supplied
-with
-.IR makeindex ).
-.LP
-.IR "Tools for Printing Indices" ,
-Jon L. Bentley and Brian W. Kernighan,
-.IR "Electronic Publishing \(em Origination, Dissemination, and Design" ,
-1(1), 3\(en18, June 1988 (also available as: Computing Science
-Technical Report No. 128,
-AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, 1986).
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH "AUTHOR"
-Pehong Chen, Chen & Harrison International Systems, Inc.
-Palo Alto, California, USA.
-.br
-Manual page extensively revised and corrected, and
-.IR troff (1)
-examples created by Rick P. C. Rodgers, UCSF School
-of Pharmacy <rodgers@cca.ucsf.edu>.
-.\"=====================================================================
-.SH ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
-Leslie Lamport contributed significantly to the design.
-Michael Harrison provided valuable comments and suggestions.
-Nelson Beebe improved on the portable version, and maintains the
-source distribution for the \*(TX Users Group.
-Andreas Brosig contributed to the German word ordering.
-The modification to the
-.B \-ms
-macros was derived from a method proposed by Ravi Sethi of AT&T
-Bell Laboratories.
-The
-.I LOG
-and
-.I CONTRIB
-files in the
-.I makeindex
-source distribution record other contributions.