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+<html>
+<head><title>Help On LaTeX Special Characters</title></head>
+<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000099" vlink="#cc0000" alink="#cc0000">
+<h1><font size="-2">Hypertext Help with LaTeX</font><br><font color="#cc0000">Special Characters</font></h1>
+<p>
+ The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called
+ special printing characters, or simply special characters.
+<pre>
+ # $ % & ~ _ ^ <tt>\</tt> { }
+</pre>
+ Whenever you put one of these special characters into your file, you
+ are doing something special, as described below.
+<p>
+ If you simply want the character to be
+ printed just as any other letter, include a <tt>\</tt> in front of the
+ character. For example, <tt>\$</tt> will produce $ in your output.
+<br>
+ Exceptions to this rule:
+<ul>
+<li><tt>\</tt> itself because
+ <a href="ltx-181.html"><tt>\\</tt></a> has its own
+ special meaning. Use <tt>$\backslash$</tt>.
+<li><tt>~</tt> and <tt>^</tt> because <tt>\~</tt> and <tt>\^</tt> produce
+ <a href="ltx-401.html">accents</a>. Use
+ <a href="ltx-342.html"><tt>\verb</tt></a> or the
+ <a href="ltx-79.html">verbatim environment</a>.
+
+</ul>
+<h2>#</h2>
+The number (pound) sign is used to define use of arguments, for example,
+in the <a href="ltx-18.html"><tt>\newcommand</tt></a> command.
+<h2>$</h2>
+The dollar sign is used to delineate <a href="ltx-115.html#math">math</a> and
+<a href="ltx-421.html">displaymath</a> Enviroments.
+<h2>%</h2>
+The percent sign is used to insert <a href="ltx-434.html">Comments</a> in the
+input file, and to allow line breaks without generating a space.
+<h2>&amp;</h2>
+The ampersand is used to separate items in the <a href="ltx-202.html">array</a>
+and <a href="ltx-68.html">tabular</a> Enviroments.
+<h2>~</h2>
+The tilde generates a <a href="ltx-143.html">nonbreaking space</a>
+To create a tilde in the output, use
+ <a href="ltx-342.html"><tt>\verb</tt></a> or the
+ <a href="ltx-79.html">verbatim environment</a> (or cheat by using
+ <tt>\~{}</tt>, i.e., placing a
+ <a href="ltx-401.html">tilde accent</a> over a "blank" letter).
+<h2>_</h2>
+The underscore is used to create <a href="ltx-179.html">subscripts</a>
+<h2>^</h2>The carat (circumflex) symbol generates
+<a href="ltx-180.html">superscripts</a>.
+ To create a carat in the output
+ use <a href="ltx-342.html"><tt>\verb</tt></a> or the
+ <a href="ltx-79.html">verbatim environment</a>.
+<h2>\ , { , and }</h2>
+The backslash and braces are used in
+<a href="ltx-17.html">command</a> definitions, for enclosing
+command arguments, and for delimiting scopes of
+<a href="declarations.html">declarations</a>.
+<hr>
+See also <a href="input.html">Input to LaTeX</a><br>
+Return to the <a href="ltx-2.html">LaTeX Table of Contents</a>
+<hr>
+<address>
+Revised: Sheldon Green, 15 Jul 1995.
+</address>
+</body>
+</html>