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diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-143.html b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-143.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..12207070528 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-143.html @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +<html> +<head> +<title>Help On LaTeX Spaces and Boxes</title> +</head> +<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000099" vlink="#cc0000" alink="#cc0000"> +<h1><font size="-2">Hypertext Help with LaTeX</font><br><font color="#cc0000">Spaces and Boxes</font></h1> + +<h2>"Visible" Spaces</h2> +You can generate a "visible" space, generally indicated as a small, squat +"u," and useful in didactic material by using the +<a href="ltx-342.html"><tt>\verb</tt></a> command or the +<a href="ltx-79.html"><tt>verbatim</tt></a> environment. + +<h2>Non-breaking Spaces</h2> +To generate a space where you do not want to allow a break for a new line use a +<tt>~</tt>. For example, +<pre> + <tt>... in Table~2 and Fig.~3 ...</tt> +</pre> + +<h2>Controlling Space in Text</h2> + +The ends of words and sentences are marked +in the input by one or more spaces. LaTeX +treats multiple spaces as if they were a single space. An end of line +is also equivalent to a space; however, you can end a line +<em>without</em> a space by using a +<a href="ltx-434.html"><tt>%</tt></a> (anything following the +<tt>%</tt> is considered to be +a comment). LaTeX generally ignores spaces at the beginning of lines. +<p> +Paragraphs are +delineated by a <em>blank line</em> -- one which does not contain even +comments (anything following a +<a href="ltx-434.html"><tt>%</tt></a> until the end of a line is +a comment). See also the <a href="ltx-293.html"><tt>\par</tt></a> +command. +<p> +LaTeX leaves extra space after punctuation, such as the period which +ends a sentence, +but, it uses a very simple rule (periods end sentences unless +they follow a capital letter) so +sometimes it needs a little help in determining when +this is required. (However, see +<a href="frenchsp.html"><tt>\frenchspacing</tt></a>.) +Use +<ul> +<li><a href="ltx-431.html"><tt>\<space></tt></a> to create an ordinary + interword space +<li><a href="ltx-432.html"><tt>\@</tt></a> before punctuation to force an "end of + sentence" space +</ul> +<p> +It is sometimes necessary to add a little additional space, such as between +consecutive single and double <a href="ltx-433.html">quotation marks</a>. +The <a href="ltx-185.html"><tt>\,</tt></a> command can be used for this purpose. +<p> +Also see +<ul> +<li><a href="ltx-430.html">Dashes</a> +<li><a href="ellipses.html">Ellipses</a> +<li><a href="ltx-433.html">Quotation Marks</a> +<li><a href="ltx-118.html">Spacing in Math Mode</a> +</ul> + +<h2>Spaces after Commands</h2> + +Most LaTeX commands consist of a <tt>\</tt> followed by a string of +letters. The end of such commands is indicated by a nonletter, i.e., +a number, a punctuation mark, a space, or the end of the line. If the +command produces text and you want a space to follow this text, you cannot +just leave a space after the command; that space is treated as the +end-of-command signal and several spaces are equivalent to one in LaTeX. +To generate a space after a text-producing command you can use +<a href="ltx-431.html"><tt>\<space></tt></a>. +<p> +For example +<pre> + <tt>I wrote this on <a href="ltx-330.html">\today</a> .</tt> +</pre> +generates "I wrote this on Jul 7, 1995." Note that the spaces +between <tt>\today</tt> and the period in the input do not generate +any space in the output. On the other hand, +<pre> + <tt>\today\ was a good day.</tt> +</pre> +or +<pre> + <tt>\today \ was a good day.</tt> +</pre> +will both produce "Jul 7, 1995 was a good day." The +<a href="ltx-431.html"><tt>\<space></tt></a> +here is necessary to produce space between the date and "was." +<p> +An alternatative is to use braces to terminate the command. For +example, <tt>\today{} was ...</tt> is equivalent to the above. + +<h3>Invisible commands</h3> +Some commands do not produce any output text. LaTeX treats these as +words of zero length and may try to leave spaces both before and +after this "word" which will generally produce an undesirable gap. +This can be avoided by attaching these commands directly to the +preceding word, i.e., leaving no spaces. + +<H2>Some commands which create or manipulate space</H2> +<ul> +<li><A href="ltx-198.html">\addvspace</A> +<li><A href="ltx-206.html">\bigskip</A> +<li><A href="ltx-220.html">\dotfill</A> +<li><A href="ltx-238.html">\hfill</A> +<li><A href="ltx-240.html">\hrulefill</A> +<li><A href="ltx-241.html">\hspace</A> +<li><A href="ltx-266.html">\medskip</A> +<li><A href="ltx-306.html">\rule</A> +<li><A href="ltx-318.html">\smallskip</A> +<li><A href="ltx-345.html">\vfill</A> +<li><A href="ltx-347.html">\vspace</A> +</ul> +See also +<ul> +<li><a href="ltx-118.html">spacing in math mode</a> +</ul> + +<h2>Boxes</h2> +A box is an object which TeX treats as a single character; it is therefore +not broken across lines or pages. +<p> +The following commands create or manipulate boxes +<ul> +<li><A href="ltx-226.html">\fbox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-237.html">\framebox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-262.html">\makebox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-265.html">\mbox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-277.html">\newsavebox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-294.html">\parbox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-302.html">\raisebox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-307.html">\savebox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-307.html">\sbox</A> +<li><A href="ltx-337.html">\usebox</A> +</ul> + +<hr> +Back to the <a href="ltx-2.html">Table of Contents</a> +<hr> +<address> +Revised: Sheldon Green, 29 Sep 1995. +</address> +</body> +</html> |