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-<head>
-<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label mathml</title>
-</head><body>
-<h3>Future WWW technologies and (La)TeX</h3>
-<p/>An earlier answer
-(<a href="FAQ-LaTeX2HTML.html">&ldquo;converting to HTML&rdquo;</a>)
-addresses the issue of converting existing (La)TeX documents for
-viewing on the Web as HTML. All the present techniques are
-somewhat flawed: the answer explains why.
-<p/>However, things are changing, with
-better font availability, cunning HTML programming and the
-support for new Web standards.
-<dl>
-<dt>Font technologies<dd> Direct representation of mathematics in
- browsers has been hampered up to now by the limited range of symbols
- in the fonts one can rely on being available. Some existing
- (La)TeX to HTML converters provide maths symbols by
- hitching them to alternate font face specifications for standard
- code points in a non-standard way. This does nothing for the
- universality of the HTML so generated.
-<p/> In the near future, we can expect rather wide availability of
- Unicode fonts with good coverage of symbols, which should make life
- easier for those who need to represent mathematics.
-<dt>XML<dd> The core of the range of new standards is
- XML, which provides a framework for better structured markup;
- limited support for it has already appeared in some browsers.
-<p/> Conversion of (La)TeX source to XML is already available
- (through TeX4ht at least), and work continues in that arena. The
- alternative, authoring in XML (thus producing documents that
- are immediately Web-friendly, if not ready) and using (La)TeX to
- typeset is also well advanced. One useful technique is
- <a href="FAQ-SGML2TeX.html"><em>transforming</em> the XML to LaTeX</a>,
- using an XSLT stylesheet or code for an XML library,
- and then simply using LaTeX; alternatively, one may
- <a href="FAQ-readML.html">typeset direct from the XML source</a>.
-<dt>Direct representation of mathematics<dd>
- MathML is a standard for representing maths on the Web; its
- original version was distinctly limited, but version 2 of MathML
- has had major browser support since 2002 with richness of mathematical
- content for online purposes approaching that of TeX for print.
- Browser support for MathML is provided by <i>amaya</i>, the
- &lsquo;Open Source&rsquo; browser <i>mozilla</i> (and its derivatives
- including <i>NetScape</i>, <i>Firefox</i> and <i>Galeon</i>) and
- <i>Internet Explorer</i> when equipped with a suitable plug-in
- such as <i>MathPlayer</i>.
- There&rsquo;s evidence that (La)TeX users are starting to use such
- browsers. Some believe that XHTML+MathML now provides
- better online viewing than PDF.
- Work to produce XHTML+MathML is well advanced in both the
- TeX4ht and <i>TtH</i> projects for (La)TeX conversion.
-
-
-
-<p/> An approach different from (La)TeX conversion is taken by
- the <a href="http://www.albany.edu/~hammond/gellmu/"><em>GELLMU</em> Project</a>.
- Its <em>article</em> XML document type, which has a markup vocabulary
- close to LaTeX that can be edited using LaTeX-like markup
- (even though it is not LaTeX &mdash; so far), comes with translators
- that make both PDF (via <em>pdflatex</em>) and
- XHTML+MathML. Such an approach avoids the inherent
- limitations of the &ldquo;traditional&rdquo; (La)TeX translation processes,
- which have traps that can be sprung by unfettered use of (La)TeX
- markup.
-<dt>Graphics<dd>
- SVG is a standard for graphics representation on the web.
- While the natural use is for converting existing figures,
- representations of formulas are also possible, in place of the separate
- bitmaps that have been used in the past (and while we wait for the
- wider deployment of MathML).
-<p/> Browser plug-ins, that deal with SVG are already available
- (Adobe offer one, for example). More recently, the open source
- graphics editor <a href="http://www.inkscape.org/"><i>Inkscape</a></i>
- has appeared, and has been reported to be useful for
- SVG-related work in at least one TeX-related project. Be
- aware that the developers of <i>Inkscape</i> have no illusions
- about being able to replace commercial software, yet...
-<dt>Direct use of TeX markup<dd>
- Some time back, IBM developed a browser plug-in called
- TechExplorer, which would display (La)TeX documents direct in a
- browser. Over the years, it developed into a MathML browser
- plug-in, while still retaining its (La)TeX abilities, but it&rsquo;s now
- distributed (free for Linux and Windows platforms) by
- <a href="http://www.integretechpub.com/">Integre Technical Publishing</a>.
-<p/> The disadvantage of the TechExplorer approach is that it places the
- onus on the browser user; and however technically proficient
- <em>you</em> are, it&rsquo;s never safe to assume too much of your readers.
- An interesting alternative is
- <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html">MimeTeX</a>, which sits
- on your server as a CGI script, and you use it to include
- your TeX, in your HTML, as if it were an image:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-&lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"&gt;
-</pre>
-
-</blockquote><p>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><tt><i>GELLMU</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/gellmu.zip">support/gellmu</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/gellmu.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/gellmu/">browse</a>)
-<dt><tt><i>MimeTeX</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/mimetex.zip">support/mimetex</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/mimetex.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/">browse</a>)
-<dt><tt><i>TeX4HT</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/TeX4ht/tex4ht-all.zip">support/TeX4ht/tex4ht-all.zip</a>
-</dl>
-<p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=mathml">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=mathml</a>
-</body>