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diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-floats.html b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-floats.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9a0b9e86109 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-floats.html @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +<head> +<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label floats</title> +</head><body> +<h3>Moving tables and figures in LaTeX</h3> +<p>Tables and figures have a tendency to surprise, by <em>floating</em> +away from where they were specified to appear. This is in fact +perfectly ordinary document design; any professional typesetting +package will float figures and tables to where they'll fit without +violating the certain typographic rules. Even if you use the +placement specifier <code>h</code> for 'here', the figure or table will not be +printed 'here' if doing so would break the rules; the rules themselves +are pretty simple, and are given on page 198, section C.9 of the +LaTeX manual. In the worst case, LaTeX's rules can cause the +floating items to pile up to the extent that you get an error message +saying +<a href="FAQ-tmupfl.html">"Too many unprocessed floats"</a>. +What follows is a simple checklist of things to do to solve these +problems (the checklist talks throughout about figures, but applies +equally well to tables, or to "non-standard" floats defined by the +<i>float</i> or other packages). +<ul> +<li> Do your figures need to float at all? If not, consider the + <code>[H]</code> placement option offered by the <i>float</i> package: + figures with this placement are made up to look as if they're + floating, but they don't in fact float. Beware outstanding floats, + though: the <code>\</code><code>caption</code> commands are numbered in the order they + appear in the document, and a <code>[H]</code> float can 'overtake' a float + that hasn't yet been placed, so that figures numbers get out of + order. +<li> Are the placement parameters on your figures right? The + default (<code>tbp</code>) is reasonable, but you can reasonably change it (for + example, to add an <code>h</code>). Whatever you do, <em>don't</em> + omit the '<code>p</code>': doing so could cause LaTeX to believe that if you + can't have your figure <em>here</em>, you don't want it + <em>anywhere</em>. (LaTeX does try hard to avoid being confused in + this way...) +<li> LaTeX's own float placement parameters could be preventing + placements that seem entirely "reasonable" to you - they're + notoriously rather conservative. To encourage LaTeX not to move + your figure, you need to loosen its demands. (The most important + ones are the ratio of text to float on a given page, but it's + sensible to have a fixed set that changes the whole lot, to meet + every eventuality.) +<pre> +\renewcommand{\topfraction}{.85} +\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.7} +\renewcommand{\textfraction}{.15} +\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.66} +\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.66} +\renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.66} +\setcounter{topnumber}{9} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{9} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{20} +\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9} +</pre> + The meanings of these + parameters are described on pages 199-200, section C.9 of the + LaTeX manual. +<li> Are there places in your document where you could 'naturally' + put a <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code> command? If so, do: the backlog of floats is + cleared after a <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code>. (Note that the <code>\</code><code>chapter</code> + command in the standard <i>book</i> and <i>report</i> classes + implicitly executes <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code>, so you can't float past + the end of a chapter.) +<li> Try the <i>placeins</i> package: it defines a + <code>\</code><code>FloatBarrier</code> command beyond which floats may not pass. A + package option allows you to declare that floats may not pass a + <code>\</code><code>section</code> command, but you can place <code>\</code><code>FloatBarrier</code>s wherever + you choose. +<li> If you are bothered by floats appearing at the top of the page + (before they are specified in your text), try the <i>flafter</i> + package, which avoids this problem by insisting that floats should + always appear after their definition. +<li> Have a look at the LaTeX2e <i>afterpage</i> package. + Its documentation gives as an example the idea + of putting <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code> <em>after</em> the current page (where it + will clear the backlog, but not cause an ugly gap in your text), but + also admits that the package is somewhat fragile. Use it as a last + resort if the other possibilities below don't help. +<li> If you would actually <em>like</em> great blocks of floats at the + end of each of your chapters, try the <i>morefloats</i> package; + this 'simply' increases the number of floating inserts that LaTeX + can handle at one time (from 18 to 36). +<li> If you actually <em>wanted</em> all your figures to float to the + end (<em>e.g</em>., for submitting a draft copy of a paper), don't + rely on LaTeX's mechanism: get the <i>endfloat</i> package to do + the job for you. +</ul> +<dl> +<dt><tt><i>afterpage.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of <a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools.zip">macros/latex/required/tools</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools/">browse</a>) +<dt><tt><i>endfloat.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat.zip">macros/latex/contrib/endfloat</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat/">browse</a>) +<dt><tt><i>flafter.sty</i></tt><dd>Part of the LaTeX distribution +<dt><tt><i>float.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float.zip">macros/latex/contrib/float</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/">browse</a>) +<dt><tt><i>morefloats.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/morefloats.sty">macros/latex/contrib/misc/morefloats.sty</a> +<dt><tt><i>placeins.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/placeins.zip">macros/latex/contrib/placeins</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/placeins.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/placeins/">browse</a>) +</dl> +<p><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats</a> +</body> |