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+% Copyright 2007 by Mark Wibrow
+%
+% This file may be distributed and/or modified
+%
+% 1. under the LaTeX Project Public License and/or
+% 2. under the GNU Public License.
+%
+% See the file doc/generic/pgf/licenses/LICENSE for more details.
+
+% This file defines the mathematical functions and operators.
+%
+% Version 1.4142135 25/8/2008
+
+% add function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{add}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@x=#1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@y=#2pt\relax%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by\pgfmath@y%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+
+% subtract function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{subtract}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@x=#1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@y=#2pt\relax%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by-\pgfmath@y%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% neg function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{neg}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@x=-#1pt\relax%
+ \edef\pgfmathresult{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \pgfmath@smuggleone\pgfmathresult%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+% change the precedence for neg.
+% Otherwise, unary minus and exponentiation won't have the correct precedence
+% (test '-2^2')
+\def\pgfmath@operation@neg@precedence{500}
+
+% multiply function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{multiply}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@x=#1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@y=#2pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@y}\pgfmath@x%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% divide function.
+%
+\newif\ifpgfmath@divide@period
+
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{divide}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@x=#1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@y=#2pt\relax%
+ \let\pgfmath@sign=\pgfmath@empty%
+ \ifdim0pt=\pgfmath@y%
+ \pgfmath@error{You've asked me to divide `#1' by `#2', %
+ but I cannot divide any number by `#2'}%
+ \fi%
+ \afterassignment\pgfmath@xa%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta\the\pgfmath@y\relax%
+ \ifdim0pt=\pgfmath@xa%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim0pt>\pgfmath@x%
+ \def\pgfmath@sign{-}%
+ \pgfmath@x=-\pgfmath@x%
+ \fi%
+ \ifdim0pt>\pgfmath@y%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\pgfmath@sign\expandafter{\pgfmath@sign-}%
+ \pgfmath@y=-\pgfmath@y%
+ \fi%
+ \ifdim1pt>\pgfmath@y%
+ \pgfmathreciprocal@{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@y}}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@sign\pgfmathresult\pgfmath@x%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmathresult{0}%
+ \pgfmath@divide@periodtrue%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=0\relax%
+ \pgfmathdivide@@%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@sign\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+\def\pgfmath@small@number{0.00002}
+
+\def\pgfmathdivide@@{%
+ \let\pgfmath@next=\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@small@number pt<\pgfmath@x%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@small@number pt<\pgfmath@y%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@y>\pgfmath@x%
+ \ifpgfmath@divide@period%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\pgfmathresult\expandafter{\pgfmathresult.}%
+ \pgfmath@divide@periodfalse%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmathdivide@dimenbyten\pgfmath@y%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@y>\pgfmath@x%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\pgfmathresult\expandafter{\pgfmathresult0}%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=\pgfmath@x%
+ \c@pgfmath@countb=\pgfmath@y%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@counta by\c@pgfmath@countb%
+ \pgfmath@ya=\c@pgfmath@counta\pgfmath@y%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by-\pgfmath@ya%
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\def%
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\pgfmathresult
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\pgfmathresult\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \fi%
+ \let\pgfmath@next=\pgfmathdivide@@%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@next%
+}
+
+\def\pgfmathdivide@dimenbyten#1{%
+ \edef\pgfmath@temp{\pgfmath@tonumber{#1}}%
+ \expandafter\pgfmathdivide@@dimenbyten\pgfmath@temp\@@#1\@@}
+\def\pgfmathdivide@@dimenbyten#1.#2\@@#3\@@{%
+ \pgfmath@tempcnta=#1\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@tempcnta by10\relax%
+ \pgfmath@tempcntb=\pgfmath@tempcnta%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@tempcnta by-10\relax%
+ \advance\pgfmath@tempcnta by#1\relax%
+ #3=\the\pgfmath@tempcntb.\the\pgfmath@tempcnta#2pt\relax%
+}
+
+
+% reciprocal function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{reciprocal}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \expandafter\pgfmath@x#1pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x=0pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@error{You asked me to calculate `1/#1', but I cannot divide any number by zero}{}%
+ \fi%
+ \edef\pgfmath@reciprocaltemp{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \expandafter\pgfmathreciprocal@@\pgfmath@reciprocaltemp0000000\pgfmath@}
+\def\pgfmathreciprocal@@#1.#2#3#4#5#6#7\pgfmath@{%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta#2#3#4#5#6\relax%
+ % If the number is an integer, use TeX arithmatic.
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta=0\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x1pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x#1\relax%
+ \else%
+ \ifnum#1>100\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta#1#2#3#4\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@countb1000000000\relax%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@countb\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta\c@pgfmath@countb%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@counta10000\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x\c@pgfmath@counta pt\relax%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@counta-10000\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \pgfmath@y\c@pgfmath@countb pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@y1000000\relax%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x\pgfmath@y%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta#1#2#3#4#5#6\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@countb1000000000\relax%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@countb\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta\c@pgfmath@countb%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@counta10000\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x\c@pgfmath@counta pt\relax%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@counta-10000\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \pgfmath@y\c@pgfmath@countb pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@y.1\pgfmath@y% Yes! This way is more accurate. Go figure...
+ \pgfmath@y.1\pgfmath@y%
+ \pgfmath@y.1\pgfmath@y%
+ \pgfmath@y.1\pgfmath@y%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x\pgfmath@y%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% div function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{div}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmathdivide@{#1}{#2}%
+ \ifdim\pgfmathresult pt<0pt\relax%
+ \pgfmathceil@{\pgfmathresult}%
+ \else%
+ \pgfmathfloor@{\pgfmathresult}%
+ \fi%
+ \afterassignment\pgfmath@gobbletilpgfmath@%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=\pgfmathresult\relax\pgfmath@%
+ \edef\pgfmathresult{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \pgfmath@smuggleone\pgfmathresult%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% mod function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{mod}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@xa#1pt%
+ \pgfmath@xb#2pt%
+ \pgfmath@x\pgfmath@xa%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta\pgfmath@xa%
+ \c@pgfmath@countb\pgfmath@xb%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@counta\c@pgfmath@countb%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@xb\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x-\pgfmath@xb%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% Mod function (never negative).
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{Mod}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmathmod@{#1}{#2}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<0pt\relax%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by#2pt\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \edef\pgfmathresult{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \pgfmath@smuggleone\pgfmathresult%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% abs function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{abs}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \expandafter\pgfmath@x#1pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<0pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x-\pgfmath@x%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% e constant.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{e}{0}{\def\pgfmathresult{2.718281828}}
+
+% ln function.
+%
+% This is based on an algorithm due to Rouben Rostamian and
+% uses coefficients contributed by Alain Matthes.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{ln}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \expandafter\pgfmath@x#1pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0pt\else%
+ \pgfmath@error{I cannot calculate the logarithm of `#1'}{}%
+ \fi%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=0\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>2pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<128pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<8pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<4pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by2\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=1\relax%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by4\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=2\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<32pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<16pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by8\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=3\relax%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by16\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=4\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<64pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by32\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=5\relax%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by64\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=6\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<2048pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<512pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<256pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by128\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=7\relax%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by256\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=8\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<1024pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by512\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=9\relax%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by1024\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=10\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<8192pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<4096pt\relax%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by2048\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=11\relax%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by4096\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta =12\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \divide\pgfmath@x by8192\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=13\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<1pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.0078125pt\relax% 2^-7
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.125pt\relax% 2^-3
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.5pt\relax% 2^-1
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by2\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-1\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by4\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-2\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.03125pt\relax% 2^-5
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.0625pt\relax%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by8\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-3\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by16\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-4\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.015625pt\relax% 2^-6
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by32\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-5\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by64\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-6\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.000244140625pt\relax% 2^-11
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.001953125pt\relax% 2^-9
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.00390625pt\relax% 2^-8
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by128\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-7\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by256\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-8\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.0009765625pt\relax% 2^-10
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by512\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-9\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by1024\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-10\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.0001220703125pt\relax% 2^13
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x>0.0002441406256pt\relax% 2^12
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by2048\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-11\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by4096\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-12\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by8192\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-13\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ %
+ % Use A+(B+(C+(D+(E+F*x)*x)*x)*x)*x
+ %
+ % where:
+ % A = -2.787927935
+ % B = 5.047861502
+ % C = -3.489886985
+ % D = 1.589480044
+ % E = -.4025153233
+ % F = 0.04300521312
+ %
+ \edef\pgfmath@temp{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \pgfmath@x=0.04300521312\pgfmath@x%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by-.4025153233pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@temp\pgfmath@x%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by1.589480044pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@temp\pgfmath@x%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by-3.489886985pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@temp\pgfmath@x%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by5.047861502pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@temp\pgfmath@x%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by-2.787927935pt\relax%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by\c@pgfmath@counta pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=0.6931471806\pgfmath@x%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% log2 function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{log2}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmathln@{#1}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=1.442695041\pgfmath@x% 1/ln(2).
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% log10 function
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{log10}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmathln@{#1}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=0.43429441\pgfmath@x% 1/ln(10).
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% exp function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{exp}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@xc=#1pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@xc<-9pt%
+ \pgfmath@x=1sp\relax%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@xc<0pt%
+ \pgfmath@xc=-\pgfmath@xc%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@x=1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@xa=1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@xb=\pgfmath@x%
+ \pgfmathloop%
+ \divide\pgfmath@xa by\pgfmathcounter%
+ \pgfmath@xa=\pgfmath@tonumber\pgfmath@xc\pgfmath@xa%
+ \advance\pgfmath@x by\pgfmath@xa%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@xb%
+ \else%
+ \pgfmath@xb=\pgfmath@x%
+ \repeatpgfmathloop%
+ \ifdim#1pt<0pt%
+ \pgfmathreciprocal@{\pgfmath@tonumber\pgfmath@x}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% sqrt function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{sqrt}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \expandafter\pgfmath@x#1pt\relax%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<0pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@error{I cannot calculate the square-root of the negative number `#1'}{}%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<10pt\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@zeros{0}%
+ \def\pgfmath@targetiterations{1}%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<100pt\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@zeros{}%
+ \def\pgfmath@targetiterations{1}%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<1000pt\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@zeros{0}%
+ \def\pgfmath@targetiterations{2}%
+ \else%
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x<10000pt\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@zeros{}%
+ \def\pgfmath@targetiterations{2}%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmath@zeros{0}%
+ \def\pgfmath@targetiterations{3}%
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi%
+ \edef\pgfmath@temp{\pgfmath@zeros\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \expandafter\pgfmath@sqrt@\pgfmath@temp\pgfmath@%
+}
+\def\pgfmath@sqrt@#1.#2\pgfmath@{\pgfmath@@sqrt@#1#2\pgfmath@empty\pgfmath@empty\pgfmath@}
+
+\def\pgfmath@@sqrt@#1#2{%
+ \c@pgfmath@countb=#1#2\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>35\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>63\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>80\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=9\relax%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=8\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>48\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=7\relax%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=6\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>15\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>24\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta5\relax%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=4\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>3\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>8\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=3\relax%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=2\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>0\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=1\relax%
+ \else%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=0\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \edef\pgfmath@root{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \edef\pgfmath@rootspecial{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@counta by-\c@pgfmath@counta\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by#1#2\relax%
+ \edef\pgfmath@remainder{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \pgfmath@@@sqrt@%
+}
+
+\def\pgfmath@@@sqrt@#1#2{%
+ \ifx\pgfmath@empty#1%
+ \edef\pgfmath@remainder{\pgfmath@remainder00}%
+ \def\pgfmath@tokens{\pgfmath@empty\pgfmath@empty}%
+ \else%
+ \ifx\pgfmath@empty#2%
+ \edef\pgfmath@remainder{\pgfmath@remainder#10}%
+ \def\pgfmath@tokens{\pgfmath@empty\pgfmath@empty}%
+ \else%
+ \edef\pgfmath@remainder{\pgfmath@remainder#1#2}%
+ \def\pgfmath@tokens{}%
+ \fi\fi%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=\pgfmath@rootspecial\relax%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@counta by20\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@countb=\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@countb by6\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by36\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@countc=\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@countc by2\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-\c@pgfmath@countc%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-20\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-\c@pgfmath@countc%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-12\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-3\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{0}%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{1}%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by5\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{2}%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{3}%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by9\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{4}%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{5}%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by\c@pgfmath@countc%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by28\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by-15\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{6}%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{7}%
+ \fi%
+ \else%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by17\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@countb>\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{8}%
+ \else%
+ \def\pgfmath@digit{9}%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \fi%
+ \edef\pgfmath@rootspecial{\pgfmath@rootspecial\pgfmath@digit}%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by\pgfmath@digit\relax%
+ \multiply\c@pgfmath@counta by-\pgfmath@digit\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by\pgfmath@remainder\relax%
+ \edef\pgfmath@remainder{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=\pgfmath@targetiterations\relax%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by-1\relax%
+ \edef\pgfmath@targetiterations{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta=0\relax%
+ \edef\pgfmath@root{\pgfmath@root.\pgfmath@digit}%
+ \else%
+ \edef\pgfmath@root{\pgfmath@root\pgfmath@digit}%
+ \fi%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta=-4\relax% -n+1 digits of precision.
+ \let\pgfmath@next\pgfmath@sqrt@end%
+ \else%
+ \let\pgfmath@next\pgfmath@@@sqrt@%
+ \fi%
+ \expandafter\pgfmath@next\pgfmath@tokens%
+}
+
+\def\pgfmath@sqrt@end#1\pgfmath@{%
+ \edef\pgfmathresult{\pgfmath@root}%
+ \pgfmath@smuggleone\pgfmathresult%
+ \endgroup}
+
+% \pgfmathpow
+%
+% Calculates #1 ^ #2
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{pow}{2}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \pgfmath@xa=#1pt%
+ \pgfmath@xb=#2pt%
+ \afterassignment\pgfmath@x%
+ \expandafter\c@pgfmath@counta\the\pgfmath@xb\relax%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta<0\relax%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=-\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \pgfmathreciprocal@{#1}%
+ \pgfmath@xa=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \fi
+ \ifdim\pgfmath@x=0pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmathloop%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta>0\relax%
+ \ifodd\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}\pgfmath@xa%
+ \fi
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta>1\relax%
+ \pgfmath@xa=\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@xa}\pgfmath@xa%
+ \fi%
+ \divide\c@pgfmath@counta by2\relax%
+ \repeatpgfmathloop%
+ \else%
+ \pgfmathln@{#1}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@xb}\pgfmath@x%
+ \pgfmathexp@{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax%
+ \fi%
+ \pgfmath@returnone\pgf@x%
+ \endgroup%
+}
+
+% factorial function.
+%
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{factorial}{1}{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \afterassignment\pgfmath@gobbletilpgfmath@%
+ \c@pgfmath@counta=#1\relax\pgfmath@%
+ \pgfmath@x=1pt\relax%
+ \pgfmathloop%
+ \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta<2\relax%
+ \else%
+ \multiply\pgfmath@x by\c@pgfmath@counta%
+ \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by-1\relax%
+ \repeatpgfmathloop%
+ \edef\pgfmathresult{\pgfmath@tonumber{\pgfmath@x}}%
+ \pgfmath@smuggleone\pgfmathresult%
+ \endgroup%
+}