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+[This is ./doc/fonts/ibycus4/tex/README
+ 12 July, 1997. [For some of the previous history see the
+ final notes on Ibycus 3, from May 30, 1966 in README.ibycus3]
+
+ ( THIS IS A TDS-CONFORMANT PACKAGE )
+
+BE SURE THAT ibycus4.map HAS BEEN MADE ACCESSIBLE AS DESCRIBED BELOW
+
+FOR INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH IBYCUS3, SEARCH FOR %%%%%%%%%%%% on page 3.
+
+Like its predecessors, Ibycus4 is based on Silvio Levy's
+realization of a classic Didot cut of Greek type from around 1800.
+Ibycus4 is as close as possible to Ibycus3 in all possible
+respects, but there are some improved set widths and pair-kernings
+which might clobber old carefully adjusted text spacings
+such as Alexandrian shaped poetry.
+
+A sample input file is provided in iby4text.tex or ibycus4.ltx
+
+PLAIN TeX USAGE: \input iby4text
+
+ then: \setgreek10/12 (or other reasonable combination
+ of pointsize and leading)
+
+ then: Latin text \GK{}a)rxai=a gra'mmata\RM{} Latin again.
+
+ NOTE that the ) is a smooth breathing, not a parenthesis.
+
+LaTeX2e USAGE: \usepackage{ibycus4}
+
+ then: Latin text {\greek{a)rxai=a gra'mmata}} Latin again.
+ (Note the double braces, there is a font change here.)
+
+ change font size with the \fontsize macro, thus:
+
+ \fontsize{14}{17pt}\selectfont
+
+
+The TeX files in $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4 together with the METAFONT
+files in $TEXMF/fonts/source/public/ibycus4 {\em especially
+ibycus4.map} are intended to provide a reasonable degree of
+compatibility between David Packard Jr.'s Ibycus/TLG system, and the
+TeX and METAFONT environment. If you are not using Karl Berry's
+path-searching or its equivalent, these TeX files may have to be moved
+to an appropriate branch directory of $TEXMF/tex/
+ continues . . .
+
+ README Page 2
+
+The TeX files are:
+
+ 1. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4/ibycus4.tex
+
+ The driver file for this package (in plain tex).
+
+ 1a. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4/ibycus4.sty
+
+ The driver file for this package (in LaTeX2e).
+
+ 2. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4/setiby4.tex
+
+ Included by ibygrk.tex unless newnep format is running
+
+ 3. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4/tlgsqq.tex
+
+ The name suggests the association with coding of the
+ Thesaurus Linguae Graecae.
+
+ This file provides uniquely named macros for all combinations
+ of letter and accent, so that any invocation of the macro will
+ produce a sequence of characters corresponding with the
+ entries put into the TFM ligature table. These sequences may
+ always be used to generate accented characters. They are
+ based, with some slight modifications where David Packard's Ibycus
+ input coding seems too misleading, on the Ibycus adaptation of
+ TLG beta-code.
+
+ For input coding, the parentheses, ) and ( are used for
+ breathings, ' (ASCII char '047--acute or single quote) and `
+ (ASCII char '140--grave) are used for oxytone and barytone (to
+ avoid preemption of the usual TeX excape character) and =
+ (ASCII char '075) is used for perispomenon to avoid preemption
+ of the active tie character in plain.tex. + is used for
+ dieresis after u or i and for some other special characters.
+ | is used for iota subscript and ! (ASCII char '041--\bang) is
+ used to call out the "dot-under" convention for partially
+ preserved letters in manuscript or epigraphical texts. Order
+ is significant. Breathings or diereses come first, after the
+ affected letter, then accents, then iota subscript or \bang.
+ These codings represent the input coding convention, not the
+ mapping in the font itself.
+
+ The digraphs, trigraphs etc. can be read from tlgsqq.tex
+ Postpositives fall into three order-dependent and
+ exclusive classes--only one from each class may be used
+ in any single accented cluster.
+
+ 1 2 3
+ nil nil nil
+ ( [asper] ' [oxytone] | [iota subscript]
+ ) [lenis] ` [barytone] ! [dot below letter]
+ + [other] = [perispomene]
+
+ continues . . .
+
+ README Page 3
+
+ Some special digraphs are K+ Koppa, k+ koppa, C+ lunate Cigma,
+ c+ lunate cigma, s+ sampi (lowercase late form only) and s| which
+ forces a medial sigma.
+ << and >> give guillemets (not guillemots as Adobe
+ ornithologically supposes) and (( )) give single parentheses
+ though care must be taken that the first ( or ) is not
+ interpreted as a breathing. {((} and {))} are safe.
+
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ NOTE: THE FOLLOWING CODINGS ARE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH IBYCUS3
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ I have tried to keep incompatible codings to the minimum
+ but the ibycus3 versions of the following were extremely
+ undesirable. These are all simplifications of ibycus3 coding.
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ The mark of elision is ' or {'} (the form in braces may be
+ needed to prevent ' from being read as an accent).
+ Single quotes may be provided by ` {`} and ' {'}, (isolate them
+ in braces if necessary). Double quotes are `` {``} and
+ '' {''} (isolate in braces if necessary). < and > are the
+ angle brackets used for conjectural supplements.
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+ 4. ibycus4.map
+
+ This is {\em exactly} the same file as is used by METAFONT.
+ Copy $TEXMF/fonts/source/public/ibycus4/ibycus4.map
+ to the same directory as ibycus4.tex
+ or, even better, link it with a symbolic link.
+ It is so structured that it can be read by either
+ TeX or Metafont. The mapping is very close to that of GreekKeys,
+ which is distributed for the Macintosh by the American
+ Philological Association. Other mappings can be created
+ in the same manner.
+
+ 5. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4/Uibycus4.fd
+
+ Supporting fd file for LaTeX2e.
+
+ 6. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibycus4/iby4extr.tex
+
+ Access to some editorial symbols for classical editions.
+
+ continues . . .
+
+ README Page 4
+
+ 7. $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibygrk/ibycus4.ltx
+ $TEXMF/tex/generic/ibygrk/iby4text.tex
+ The exquisite little poem by Ibycus of Rhegium, until recently
+ almost the only thing known by him. (The Ibycus system
+ developed by David Packard is only indirectly named after
+ the poet. The direct inspiration was Packard's cat.)
+
+ M E T A F O N T
+
+The METAFONT part of the package consists of a set of files which use
+the original characters of Silvio Levy's greek fonts and combine them
+in ways which reflect the increased capabilities of TeX and METAFONT
+developed since Levy did the original greek for TeX. The Levy source
+files can be got from one of the CTAN archives and placed in
+$TEXMF/fonts/source/public/levy
+ where they will automatically become
+accessible if you are using a TeX Directory Structure [TDS] layout of
+files. If you are not using a file searching system like Karl Berry's
+"kpathsea", see $TEXMF/fonts/source/public/ibycus4/ibycus4.mf for
+hints on making the Levy source available. For directions on the
+use and management of Karl Berry's path searching, consult "The TeX
+Live Guide, version 2" by Sebastian Rahtz and Michael Goosens, in
+{\it TUGboat}. Volume 18 (1997). Pages 81-112, especially pp. 87--9.
+Web2c TeX for Unix systems, Thomas Esser's teTeX, and the Solaris package
+referenced at http://smc.vnet.net/solaris_2.5.html all use Karl
+Berry's path searching.
+
+Ibycus4 METAFONT files are in $TEXMF/fonts/source/public/ibycus4
+
+The most significant changes are:
+
+ 1. The large repertory of initial/medial sigma + letter pairs
+ is suppressed from the new fonts, and the new enhanced TFM
+ ligature scheme is used instead to provide for the automatic
+ differentiation between medial and final sigma.
+
+ 2. The cells thus opened up in the font mapping are used for
+ a variety of additional characters:
+
+ a. A full repertory of vowels with breathings and
+ barytone accents (many of these were absent from the
+ original). The various forms of long epsilon and
+ omicron with perispomene accent needed for early Attic
+ and similar local scripts are provided.
+
+ b. Lunate sigma, digamma, koppa and sampi are
+ provided (the last in its lowercase late form
+ only, since earlier forms are rather problematic
+ and are virtually unused even in epigraphical texts).
+
+ c. A simple iota subscript in a 0.5em character space
+ is provided at position '174 for use in unusual
+
+ continues . . .
+
+ README Page 5
+
+ groupings. For all normal usages three additional
+ occurences of the glyph are kerned (in the traditional
+ sense) far to the left so that they will fit under
+ alpha, eta and omega respectively. These characters
+ are called out automatically through the TeX TFM
+ ligature system, for which see below. The glyph under
+ eta is shortened slightly to give better clearance
+ under the left stem of lowercase eta. The iota
+ subscript glyph retains its simple form in 300dpi
+ renditions, and in any bitmap which drops below
+ 500dpi, but it thins out and develops a slight
+ rightward hook at 600dpi and above.
+
+ d. The mechanism of drastic left kerning is also used
+ to set dots under letters which cannot be read
+ completely from the manuscript or stone. These dota
+ are likewise called out automatically through the TFM
+ ligature system. A final ! {\bang} after any letter
+ or letter with postpositive accents (except those
+ with iota subscripts) will produce the dotted form.
+
+ e. Angle brackets, half brackets, double quotes, braces,
+ a dagger and a doubledagger are now provided (see
+ iby4extr.tex).
+
+ 3. All characters have been named. The constructs
+ ASCII"A" and oct"000" appear only at lower levels
+ of programming.
+
+ 4. Character spacing has been adjusted through kerning tables,
+ particularly around lowercase iota (file ibylig4.mf).
+ There is better separation between breathings and accents
+ (this has required a redesign of almost all accents) and
+ clearance between accent and base letter has been increased.
+ The perispomene has been restored to its traditional form with
+ a thick center and tapered ends, and the breathings have been
+ given shorter, tapered tails. The deep ink trap between the
+ bulb and tail of the breathings has been eliminated. Accents
+ over epsilon have been raised and slightly shortened to give
+ better clearance. The accents with diaeresis have been shifted
+ up and laterally to clear the dot they lean toward.
+
+ 5. Font mapping is specified independently of other
+ parameters, in a distinct and separate file (file ibycus4.map).
+ In some cases it may be more effective to remap the font
+ than to struggle with TeX remapping.
+
+ continues . . .
+
+ README Page 6
+
+ 6. A programming error which produced the wrong displacement
+ value with free-standing accents has been corrected. Accents
+ before uppercase vowels are kerned (in the traditional sense)
+ out left to a negative left side bearing of about one unit
+ (1/18em) unit so that their escapement does not leave
+ excessive space after the preceding word or at the start of a
+ line. They have also been properly pair-kerned with the
+ uppercase vowels.
+
+A new naming convention uses "ibycus4" wherever possible, and
+the shorter string "iby4" where that would lead to ambiguity.
+some of the individual METAFONT character files are simply
+taged with the number 4. 8+3 filename compatibility is preserved.
+(under protest and with difficulty).
+
+The names of PK and TFM files follow Karl Berry's font name convention
+( 84 is the encoding for Ibycus 4).
+
+Foundry Facename Weights Variants Encoding_Variants DesignSize
+
+f ib [r], b r, o 84 [10], 9, 8
+
+fibr84 fibo84 fibb84
+
+ with METAFONT design-size additions
+fibr848 fibo848 fibb848
+fibr849 fibo849 fibb849
+
+Driver files for the Bold Oblique variant can be provided but their use
+is discouraged. These Didot-derived characters do not stand up well
+to either boldfacing or obliqueing, and the combination is quite
+unfortunate. The typewriter style originally offered with these
+designs is quietly forgotten, although the code for it is still
+embedded in Silvio Levy's source.
+
+ Also in the works, a type1 version.
+
+Pierre A. MacKay
+Department of Classics
+University of Washington
+mackay@cs.washington.edu