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+\ProvidesFile{maincls.tex}[2004/09/13 KOMA-Script Manual]
+% ============================================================================
+% maincls.tex
+% Copyright (c) 2002 Markus Kohm and the authors.
+%
+% This file is part of the LaTeX2e KOMA-Script-Bundle
+%
+% This file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the LaTeX
+% Project Public License Version 1.0 distributed together with this file. See
+% LEGAL.TXT or LEGALDE.TXT.
+%
+% This bundle is written specialy for use at german-language. So the main
+% documentation is german. There may also be an english documentation. See
+% readme.txt, if you search for it.
+% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% maincls.tex
+% Copyright (c) 2002 Markus Kohm und bei den weiteren Autoren.
+%
+% Diese Datei ist Teil des LaTeX2e KOMA-Script-Pakets.
+%
+% Diese Datei kann nach den Regeln der LaTeX Project Public Licence
+% Version 1.0, wie sie zusammen mit dieser Datei verteilt wird,
+% weiterverbreitet und/oder modifiziert werden. Siehe dazu auch LEGAL.TXT oder
+% LEGALDE.TXT.
+%
+% Dieses Paket ist fuer den deutschen Sprachraum konzipiert. Daher ist auch
+% diese Anleitung komplett in Deutsch. Moeglicherweise existiert auch eine
+% englische Version der Anleitung. Falls Sie eine solche benoetigen, schauen
+% Sie bitte in liesmich.txt nach, ob eine solche vorhanden ist.
+% ============================================================================
+%
+% Module: maincls
+% Translation by: Jo\~{a}o Canas Ferreira
+% Georg Grandke
+% Markus Kohm (only some)
+% Contents: the main KOMA-Script classes
+% Language: English
+% Charset of comments: US-ASCII
+% Translation of german file: hauptcls.tex
+% Date of translated german file: 2004-01-08
+%
+
+\chapter{The Main Classes \Class{scrbook}, \Class{scrrprt} and
+ \Class{scrartcl}}
+\label{cha:maincls}
+
+\AddSeeIndex{macro}{gen}{\cmdIndexShortName}{cmd}%
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ The main classes of the {\KOMAScript} bundle are designed as
+ counterparts to the standard {\LaTeX} classes. This means that the
+ {\KOMAScript} bundle contains replacements for the three standard
+ classes \Class{book}\IndexClass{book},
+ \Class{report}\IndexClass{report} and
+ \Class{article}\IndexClass{article}. There is also a replacement for
+ the standard class \Class{letter}\IndexClass{letter}. The
+ document class for letters is described in a separate chapter,
+ because it is fundamentally different from the three main classes
+ (see \autoref{cha:scrlttr2}).The names of the {\KOMAScript}
+ classes are composed of the prefix "\texttt{scr}" and the
+ abbreviated name of the corresponding standard class. In order to
+ restrict the length of the names to eight letters, the vowels,
+ starting with the last one, are left off if necessary. The
+ \autoref{tab:maincls.overview} shows an overview. The table also
+ includes the names of the \LaTeX2.09 style files that were used in
+ {\KOMAScript}.
+\end{Explain}
+\par
+
+The simplest way to use a \KOMAScript-class instead of a standard one
+is to substitute the class name in the \verb|\documentclass| command
+according to \autoref{tab:maincls.overview}. Normally the document
+should be processed without errors by \LaTeX{}, just like before the
+substitution. The look however should be different. Additionally, the
+\KOMAScript{} classes provide new possibilities and options that are
+described in the following sections.
+
+\begin{table}[htbp]
+ \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{lll}
+ Standard class & \KOMAScript{} class & \Script{} Style
+ (\LaTeX2.09)\\
+ \hline\rule{0pt}{2.7ex}%
+ \Class{article} & \Class{scrartcl} & \File{script\textunderscore
+ s} \\
+ \Class{report} & \Class{scrreprt} & \File{script} \\
+ \Class{book} & \Class{scrbook} & \File{script} \\
+ \Class{letter} & \Class{scrlettr} & \File{script\textunderscore
+ l} \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption[Class correspondence]{Correspondence between
+ standard classes, \KOMAScript{} classes and
+ \Script{} styles.}
+ \label{tab:maincls.overview}
+\end{table}
+
+
+\section{The Options}
+\label{sec:maincls.options}
+
+
+This section describes the global options of the three main classes.
+The majority of the options can also be found in the standard classes.
+Since experience shows that many options of the standard classes are
+unknown, their description is included here. This is a departure from
+the rule that the \File{scrguide} should only describe those aspects
+whose implementation differs from the standard one.
+
+Table~\ref{tab:maincls.stdOptions} lists those options that are set by
+default in at least one of the {\KOMAScript} classes. The table shows
+for each {\KOMAScript} main class if the option is set by default and
+if it is even defined for that class. An undefined option cannot be
+set, either by default or by the user.
+
+\begin{table}[htbp]
+ \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{llll}
+ Option &
+ \Class{scrbook} & \Class{scrreprt} & \Class{scrartcl} \\
+ \hline\rule{0pt}{2.7ex}%
+ \Option{11pt} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{a4paper} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{abstractoff} &
+ \emph{undefined} & default & default \\
+ \Option{bigheadings} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{final} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{footnosepline} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{headnosepline} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{listsindent} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{nochapterprefix} &
+ default & default & \emph{undefined} \\
+ \Option{onelinecaption} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{notitlepage} &
+ & & default \\
+ \Option{onecolumn} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{oneside} &
+ & default & default \\
+ \Option{openany} &
+ & default & default \\
+ \Option{openright} &
+ default & & \\
+ \Option{parindent} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{tablecaptionbelow} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{titlepage} &
+ default & default \\
+ \Option{tocindent} &
+ default & default & default \\
+ \Option{twoside} &
+ default & & \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Default options of the \KOMAScript{} classes}
+ \label{tab:maincls.stdOptions}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ Allow me an observation before proceeding with the descriptions of
+ the options. It is often the case that at the beginning of a
+ document one is often unsure which options to choose for that
+ specific document. Some options, for instance the choice of paper
+ size, may be fixed from the beginning. But already the question of
+ which \Var{DIV} value to use could be difficult to answer initially.
+ On the other hand, this kind of information should be initially
+ irrelevant for the main tasks of an author: design of the document
+ structure, text writing, preparation of figures, tables and index.
+ As an author you should concentrate initially on the contents. When
+ that is done, you can concentrate on the fine points of
+ presentation. Besides the choice of options, this means correcting
+ things like hyphenation, page breaks, and the distribution of tables
+ and figures. As an example consider the
+ \autoref{tab:maincls.stdOptions} that I have moved repeatedly
+ between the beginning and the end of this section. The choice of the
+ actual position will only be made during the final production of the
+ document.
+\end{Explain}
+\par
+
+\subsection{Options for Page Layout}
+\label{sec:maincls.typeareaOptions}
+
+With the standard classes the page layout\Index{page layout} is
+established by the option files \File{size10.clo}, \File{size11.clo},
+\File{size12.clo} (or \File{bk10.clo}, \File{bk11.clo},
+\File{bk12.clo} for the book class) and by fixed values in the class
+definitions. The \KOMAScript{} classes, however, do not use a fixed
+page layout, but one that depends on the paper format\Index{paper
+ format} and font size. For this task all three main classes use the
+\Package{typearea} package\IndexPackage{typearea} (see
+\autoref{cha:typearea}). The package is automatically loaded by
+the \KOMAScript{} main classes. Therefore it is not necessary to use
+the command \verb|\usepackage{typearea}| explicitly.
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{letterpaper} \\
+ \Option{legalpaper} \\
+ \Option{executivepaper} \\
+ \Option{a\Var{X}paper} \\
+ \Option{b\Var{X}paper} \\
+ \Option{c\Var{X}paper} \\
+ \Option{d\Var{X}paper} \\
+ \Option{landscape}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{letterpaper} \BeginIndex{Option}{legalpaper}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{executivepaper} \BeginIndex{Option}{a0paper}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{b0paper} \BeginIndex{Option}{c0paper}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{d0paper}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{landscape}%
+The basic options for the choice of paper format are not processed
+directly by the classes. They are automatically processed by the
+\Package{typearea} package as global options (see
+\autoref{sec:typearea.options}). The options \Option{a5paper},
+\Option{a4paper}, \Option{letterpaper}, \Option{legalpaper} and
+\Option{executivepaper} correspond to the options of the standard
+classes that have the same name and define the same paper format. The
+page layout calculated for each is different, however.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{letterpaper} \EndIndex{Option}{legalpaper}
+\EndIndex{Option}{executivepaper} \EndIndex{Option}{a0paper}
+\EndIndex{Option}{b0paper} \EndIndex{Option}{c0paper}
+\EndIndex{Option}{d0paper} \EndIndex{Option}{landscape}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ The options for the A, B, C or D format are actually not processed
+ by the \Package{typearea}, because they are global options, but
+ because the \KOMAScript{} classes explicitly pass them to the
+ \Package{typearea} package. This is caused by the way option
+ processing is implemented in the \Package{typearea} package and by
+ the operation of the underlying option passing and processing
+ mechanism of \LaTeX.
+
+ This is also valid for the options, described subsequently, that set
+ the binding correcting, the divisor and the number of header lines.
+\end{Explain}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{BCOR}\PName{correction}\\
+ \Option{DIV}\PName{factor}\\
+ \Option{DIVcalc}\\
+ \Option{DIVclassic}\\
+ \PName{Value}\Option{headlines}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{BCOR}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{DIV}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{DIVcalc}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{DIVclassic}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{headlines}%
+The options for the divisor and the binding correction\Index{binding
+ correction} are passed directly to the \Package{typearea} package
+(see \autoref{sec:typearea.options}). This differs from the
+standard classes, where there is no such transfer. This is also valid
+for the option that sets the number of header lines.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{BCOR}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{DIV}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{DIVcalc}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{DIVclassic}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{headlines}
+
+
+\subsection{Options for Document Layout}
+\label{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}
+
+This subsection collects all the options that affect the document
+layout, not only the page layout. Strictly speaking all page layout
+options (see \autoref{sec:maincls.typeareaOptions}) are also
+document layout options. The reverse is also partially true.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{oneside}\\
+ \Option{twoside}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{oneside}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{twoside}%
+These two options have the same effect as with the standard classes.
+The option \Option{oneside} defines a one-sided document layout with a
+one-sided page layout. This means in particular that normally a ragged
+page bottom is used.
+
+The option \Option{twoside} defines a two-sided document layout with a
+two-sided page layout. This means that the \LaTeX{} command
+\Macro{flushbottom}\IndexCmd{flushbottom} is used to ensure that page
+breaks don't leave a variable empty space at the bottom of the page. A
+ragged page bottom can be obtained with the \LaTeX{} command
+\Macro{raggedbottom}\IndexCmd{raggedbottom}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{oneside}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{twoside}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{onecolumn}\\
+ \Option{twocolumn}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{onecolumn}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{twocolumn}%
+These options have the same effect as the corresponding standard
+options. They are used to switch between a one-column and a two-column
+layout. The standard \LaTeX{} capabilities for multi-column layout are
+only useful for very simple uses. The standard package
+\Package{multicol} is much more versatile (see
+\cite{package:multicol}).\Index{columns}\IndexPackage{multicol}
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{onecolumn} \EndIndex{Option}{twocolumn}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{openany}\\
+ \Option{openright}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{openany}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{openright}%
+These\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} options have the
+same effect as the corresponding standard options. They affect the
+choice of the page where a chapter\Index[indexmain]{chapter} can begin,
+so they are not available with the \Class{scrartcl} class, since there
+the main unit below ``part'' is the ``section''. The chapter level is
+not available in \Class{scrartcl}.
+
+A chapter always begins with a new page. When the option
+\Option{openany} is active, any page can be used. The option
+\Option{openright} causes the chapter to begin with a new right page.
+An empty left page may be inserted automatically in this case. The
+empty pages are created by the implicit execution of the \LaTeX{}
+command \Macro{cleardoublepage}\IndexCmd{cleardoublepage}.
+
+The option \Option{openright} has no effect with a one-sided layout,
+because only the two-sided layout differentiates between left and
+right pages. For this reason it should only be used together with the
+\Option{twoside} option.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{openany} \EndIndex{Option}{openright}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{cleardoublestandard}\\
+ \Option{cleardoubleplain}\\
+ \Option{cleardoubleempty}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{cleardoublestandard}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{cleardoubleplain}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{cleardoubleempty}%
+If one wishes the empty pages created by the \Macro{cleardoublepage}
+command to have no headers or footers while using the standard
+classes, the only possibility is to redefine the command
+appropriately. {\KOMAScript} provides options that avoid this. The
+option \Option{cleardoublestandard} enables the default
+\Macro{cleardoublepage} behaviour. If the option
+\Option{cleardoubleplain} is used, then the
+\PValue{plain}\IndexPagestyle{plain} page style is applied to the
+empty left page. The option \Option{cleardoubleempty} causes the
+\PValue{empty}\IndexPagestyle{empty} page style to be used. The page
+styles are described in \autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{cleardoublestandard}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{cleardoubleplain}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{cleardoubleempty}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{headsepline}\\
+ \Option{headnosepline}\\
+ \Option{footsepline}\\
+ \Option{footnosepline}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{headsepline}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{headnosepline}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{footsepline}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{footnosepline}%
+In order to have a line separating the header from the text body use
+the option \Option{headsepline}. The option \Option{headnosepline} has
+the reverse effect. These options have no effect with the page styles
+\PValue{empty} and \PValue{plain}, because there is no header in this
+case. Such a line always has the effect of visually approximating
+header and text body. That doesn't mean that the header must be put
+farther apart from the text body. Instead, the header should be
+considered to belong to the text body for the purpose of page layout
+calculations. {\KOMAScript} takes this into account by automatically
+passing the option \Option{headinclude} to the \Package{typearea}
+package whenever the \Option{headsepline} option is used.
+
+The presence of a line between text body and footer is controlled by
+the options \Option{footsepline} and \Option{footnosepline}, that
+behave like the corresponding header functions. Whenever a line is
+requested by the \Option{footsepline} option, the \Option{footinclude}
+option is automatically passed to the \Package{typearea} package. In
+contrast to \Option{headsepline}, \Option{footsepline} takes effect
+when used together with the page style \PValue{plain}, because the
+\PValue{plain} style produces a page number in the footer.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{headsepline}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{headnosepline}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{footsepline}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{footnosepline}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{titlepage}\\
+ \Option{notitlepage}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{titlepage}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{notitlepage}%
+Both options have the same effect as the corresponding standard ones.
+The \Option{titlepage} option makes {\LaTeX} use separate pages for
+the titles. These pages are set inside a \Environment{titlepage}
+environment and normally have neither header nor footer. In comparison
+with standard \LaTeX, \KOMAScript{} expands the handling of the titles
+significantly (see \autoref{sec:maincls.titles}).
+
+The option \Option{notitlepage} specifies that an \emph{in-page} title
+is used. This means that the title is specially emphasized, but it may
+be followed by more material on the same page, for instance by an
+abstract or a section.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{titlepage}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{notitlepage}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{chapterprefix}\\
+ \Option{nochapterprefix}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{chapterprefix}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{nochapterprefix}%
+With\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} the standard
+classes \Class{book} and \Class{report} a chapter
+title\Index[indexmain]{chapter title} consists of a line with the word
+"Chapter"\footnote{When using another language the word
+ "Chapter" is naturally translated to the appropriate language.}%
+followed by the chapter number. The title itself is set left-justified
+on the following lines. The same effect is obtained in \KOMAScript{}
+with the class option \Option{chapterprefix}. The default however is
+\Option{nochapterprefix}. These options also affect the automatic
+running titles in the headers (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}).
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{chapterprefix}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{nochapterprefix}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{appendixprefix}\\
+ \Option{noappendixprefix}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{appendixprefix}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{noappendixprefix}%
+Sometimes\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} one wishes to
+have the chapter titles in simplified form according to
+\Option{nochapterprefix}. But at the same time, one wishes a title of
+an appendix\Index{appendix} to be preceded by a line with "Appendix"
+followed by the appendix letter. This is achieved by using the
+\Option{appendixprefix} option. Since this results in an inconsistent
+document layout, I advise against using this option.
+
+The reverse option \Option{noappendixprefix} exists only for
+completeness' sake. I don't know of any sensible use for it.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{appendixprefix}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{noappendixprefix}%
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{parskip}\\
+ \Option{parskip*}\\
+ \Option{parskip+}\\
+ \Option{parskip-}\\
+ \Option{halfparskip}\\
+ \Option{halfparskip*}\\
+ \Option{halfparskip+}\\
+ \Option{halfparskip-}\\
+ \Option{parindent}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{parskip}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{parskip*}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{parskip+}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{parskip-}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{halfparskip}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{halfparskip*}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{halfparskip+}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{halfparskip-}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{parindent}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ The standard classes normally set
+ paragraphs\Index[indexmain]{paragraph} indented and without any
+ vertical inter-paragraph space. This is the best solution when
+ using a regular page layout, like the ones produced with the
+ \Package{typearea} package. If there where no indentation and no
+ vertical space, only the length of last line would give the reader a
+ reference point. In extreme cases, it is very difficult to detect if
+ a line is full or not. Furthermore, it is found that a marker at the
+ paragraph's end tends to be easily forgotten. A marker at the
+ paragraph's beginning is easily remembered. Inter-paragraph spacing
+ has the drawback of disappearing in some contexts. For instance,
+ after a displayed formula it would be impossible to detect if the
+ previous paragraph continues or if a new one begins. Also, when
+ starting to read at a new page it might be necessary to look at the
+ previous page in order determine if a new paragraph has been started
+ or not. All these problems disappear when using indentation. A
+ combination of indentation and vertical inter-paragraph spacing is
+ redundant and should be rejected. The
+ indentation\Index[indexmain]{indentation} is perfectly sufficient by
+ itself. The only drawback of indentation is the reduction of the
+ line length. The use of inter-paragraph spacing is therefore
+ justified when using short lines, for instance in a newspaper.
+\end{Explain}
+
+
+Independently of the explanation above, there are often requests for a
+document layout with vertical inter-paragraph spacing instead of
+indentation. \KOMAScript{} provides a large number of related
+options: \Option{parskip}, \Option{parskip-}, \Option{parskip*},
+\Option{parskip+} and \Option{halfparskip}, \Option{halfparskip-},
+\Option{halfparskip*} and \Option{halfparskip+}.
+
+The four \Option{parskip} options define an inter-paragraph spacing of
+one line. The four \Option{halfparskip} options use just a spacing of
+half a line. In order to avoid a change of paragraph going unnoticed,
+for instance after a page break, three of the options of each set
+ensure that the last line of a paragraph is not full. The variants
+without plus or star sign ensure a free space of 1\Unit{em}. The plus
+variant ensures that at least a third of the line is free and the star
+variant ensures that at least a fourth of the line is free. The minus
+variants make no special provision for the last line of a paragraph.
+
+All eight options change the spacing before, after and inside list
+environments. This avoids the problem of having these environments or
+the paragraphs inside them with a larger separation than the
+separation between the paragraphs of normal text. Additionally, these
+options ensure that the table of contents and the lists of figures and
+tables are set without any additional spacing.
+
+The default behaviour of \KOMAScript{} follows the \Option{parindent}
+option. In this case, there is no spacing between paragraphs, only an
+indentation of the first line by 1\Unit{em}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{parskip}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{parskip*}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{parskip+}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{parskip-}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{halfparskip}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{halfparskip*}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{halfparskip+}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{halfparskip-}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{parindent}%
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{onelinecaption}\\
+ \Option{noonelinecaption}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Option}{onelinecaption}%
+The standard classes differentiate between one-line and multi-line
+table or figure captions. One-line captions are centered while
+multi-line captions are left-justified. This behavior, which is also
+the default with \KOMAScript, corresponds to the option
+\Option{onelinecaption}. There is no special handling of one-line
+captions when the \Option{noonelinecaption} option is given.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ The avoidance of a special treatment for the caption has an
+ additional effect that is sometimes greatly desired. Footnotes
+ that appear inside a \Macro{caption} command often have a wrong
+ number assigned to them. This happens because the footnote counter
+ is incremented once when the line is measured. When the
+ \Option{noonelinecaption} option is used no such measurement is
+ made. The footnote numbers are therefore correct.
+
+ But since \KOMAScript{} version 2.9 you don't need the option
+ \Option{noonelinecaption} to avoid the above described
+ effect. \KOMAScript{} classes contain a workaround, so if you have
+ footnotes at captions you simply should put the contents of the
+ figure or table into a minipage and everything will be nice.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{onelinecaption}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{noonelinecaption}%
+
+\subsection{Options for Font Selection}
+\label{sec:maincls.fontOptions}
+
+Font options are those options that affect the font size of the
+document or the fonts of individual elements. Options that affect the
+font style are also theoretically font options. However {\KOMAScript}
+currently has no such options.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{10pt}\\%
+ \Option{11pt}\\%
+ \Option{12pt}\\
+ \Option{\Var{X}pt}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{10pt}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{11pt}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{12pt}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{\Var{X}pt}%
+The options \Option{10pt}, \Option{11pt} and \Option{12pt} have the
+same effect as the corresponding standard options. In contrast to the
+standard classes, {\KOMAScript} can be used to choose other font
+sizes\Index[indexmain]{font size}. However {\LaTeX} provides the
+necessary class option files only for 10\Unit{pt}, 11\Unit{pt} und
+12\Unit{pt}, so that the user must provide any other class option
+files. The package \Package{extsizes} (see
+\cite{package:extsizes})\IndexPackage{extsizes} can be used for that
+task. Very big font sizes may lead to arithmetic overflow inside the
+page layout calculations of the \Package{typearea} package.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{10pt}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{11pt}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{12pt}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{\Var{X}pt}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{smallheadings}\\
+ \Option{normalheadings}\\
+ \Option{bigheadings}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{smallheadings}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{normalheadings}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{bigheadings}%
+The font size used for the titles\index{title}\index{document
+ structure} is relatively big, both with the standard classes and
+with {\KOMAScript}. Not everyone likes this choice; moreover it is
+specially problematic for small paper sizes. Consequently
+{\KOMAScript} provides, besides the large title font size defined by
+the \Option{bigheadings} option, the two options
+\Option{normalheadings} and \Option{smallheadings}, that allow for
+smaller title font sizes.
+\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}}The spacing before and
+after chapter titles is also influenced by these options. Chapter
+titles are also influenced by the options \Option{chapterprefix} and
+\Option{nochapterprefix}, and appendix titles by the options
+\Option{appendixprefix} and \Option{noappendixprefix}, all of them
+are described in \autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{smallheadings}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{normalheadings}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{bigheadings}%
+
+\subsection{Options Affecting the Table of Contents}
+\label{sec:maincls.tocOptions}
+
+{\KOMAScript} has several options that affect the entries in the table
+of contents\Index[indexmain]{table of contents}. The form of the table
+of contents is fixed but several variations of the contents can be
+obtained with the options provided.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{liststotoc}\\
+ \Option{idxtotoc}\\
+ \Option{bibtotoc}\\
+ \Option{bibtotocnumbered}\\
+ \Option{liststotocnumbered}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{liststotoc}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{idxtotoc}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{bibtotoc}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{bibtotocnumbered}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{liststotocnumbered}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ Lists of tables and figures, index and bibliography are not normally
+ included in the table of contents. These entries are omitted in
+ classical typography because it is silently assumed that, if at all,
+ lists of figures and tables come after the table of contents, the
+ index comes at the end and the bibliography comes before the index.
+ Books with all these parts often include ribbons that can be used to
+ mark the location of these parts in the book, so that the reader
+ only has to look for them once.
+\end{Explain}
+
+It is becoming increasingly common to find entries in the table of
+contents for the lists of tables and figures, for the bibliography,
+and, sometimes, even for the index. This is certainly related to the
+recent trend of putting lists of figures and tables at the end of the
+document. Both lists are similiar to the table of contents in
+structure and intention. I'm therefore sceptical of this evolution.
+Since it makes no sense to include only one of the aforementioned lists
+in the table of contents, there exists only one option
+\Option{liststotoc} that causes entries for both types of lists to be
+included. This also includes any lists produced with version 1.2e or
+later of the \Package{float}\IndexPackage{float} package (see
+\cite{package:float}). All these lists are unnumbered, since they
+contain entries that reference other sections of the document.
+
+The option \Option{idxtotoc} causes an entry for the index to be
+included in the table of contents. The index is also unnumbered since
+it only includes references to the contents of the other sectional
+units.
+
+The bibliography is a different kind of listing. It does not list the
+contents of the present document but refers instead to external
+documents. On these reasons it could be argued that it is a different
+chapter (or section) and, as such, should be numbered. The option
+\Option{bibtotocnumbered} has this effect, including the generation of
+the corresponding entry in the table of contents. I think that a
+similar reasoning would lead us to consider a classical list of
+sources to be a separate chapter. Also, the bibliography is not
+something that was written by the document's author. In view of this,
+the bibliography merits nothing more than an unnumbered entry in the
+table of contents, and that can be achieved with the \Option{bibtotoc}
+option.
+
+The author of \KOMAScript{} doesn't like option
+\Option{bibtotocnumbered}. He almost detests option
+\Option{liststotocnumbered}. Because of this you won't find a detailed
+description of this option. Nevertheless it exists.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{liststotoc}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{idxtotoc}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{bibtotoc}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{bibtotocnumbered}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{liststotocnumbered}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{tocindent}\\
+ \Option{tocleft}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{tocindent}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{tocleft}%
+The table of contents is normally\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} setup so
+that different sectional units have different indentations. The
+section number is set left-justified in a fixed-width field. This
+setup is selected with the option \Option{tocindent}.
+
+When there are many sections, the corresponding numbering tends to
+become very wide, so that the reserved field overflows. The FAQ
+\cite{DANTE:FAQ} suggests that the table of contents should be redefined
+in such a case. \KOMAScript{} offers an alternative format that avoids
+the problem completely. If the option \Option{tocleft} is selected,
+then no variable indentation is applied to the titles of the sectional
+units. Instead, a table-like organisation is used, where all unit
+numbers and titles, respectively, are set in a left-justified column.
+The space necessary for the unit numbers is determined automatically.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ In order to calculate automatically the space taken by the unit
+ numbers when using the option \Option{tocleft} it is necessary to
+ redefine some macros. It is improbable but not impossible that this
+ leads to problems when using other packages. If you think this may
+ be causing problems, you should try the alternative option
+ \Option{tocindent}, since it does not make any redefinitions. When
+ using packages that affect the format of the table of contents, it
+ is possible that the use of options \Option{tocleft} and
+ \Option{tocindent} may lead to problems. In that case, one should
+ use neither of these global (class) option.
+
+ If the \Option{tocleft} option is active, the width of the field for
+ unit numbering is determined when outputting the table of contents.
+ After a change that affects the table of contents, at most three
+ \LaTeX{} runs are necessary to obtain a correctly set table of
+ contents.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{tocindent}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{tocleft}%
+
+\subsection{Options for Lists of Floats}
+\label{sec:maincls.listsOptions}
+
+The best known lists of floats are the list of figures and the list of tables.
+With help from the \Package{float}\IndexPackage{float} package, for instance,
+it is possible to produce new float environments with the corresponding lists.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ Whether \KOMAScript{} options have any effect on lists of floats
+ produced by other packages depends mainly on those packages. This is
+ generally the case with the lists of floats produced by the
+ \Package{float}\IndexPackage{float} package.
+
+ Besides the options described here, there are others that affect the
+ lists of floats though not their formatting or contents. Instead
+ they affect what is included in the table of contents. The
+ corresponding descriptions can therefore be found in
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.tocOptions}.
+\end{Explain}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{listsindent}\\
+ \Option{listsleft}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{listsindent}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{listsleft}%
+Lists of figures and tables\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} are
+generally setup so that their numbering uses a fixed space. This
+corresponds to the use of option \Option{listsindent}.
+
+If the numbers get too large, for instance because many tables are
+used, it may happen that the available space is exceeded. Therefore
+\KOMAScript{} supplies an option called \Option{listsleft} that is
+similar to the \Option{tocleft} option. The width of the numbers is
+automatically determined and the space for them correspondingly
+adjusted. Concerning the mode of operation and the side effects, the
+observations made in \autoref{sec:maincls.tocOptions} for the
+\Option{tocleft} option are equally valid in this case. Please note
+that when using the \Option{listsleft} option several \LaTeX{} runs
+are necessary before the lists of floats achieve their final form.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{listsindent}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{listsleft}%
+
+
+
+\subsection{Options Affecting the Formatting}
+\label{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}
+
+Formatting options are all those options that affect the form or
+formatting of the document and are not assigned to other sections.
+They are the \emph{remaining options}.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{abstracton}\\
+ \Option{abstractoff}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{abstracton}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{abstractoff}%
+In\OnlyAt{\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} the standard classes
+the \Environment{abstract} environment sets the text "\abstractname"
+centered before the summary text\Index[indexmain]{summary}. This was the
+normal procedure in the past. In the meantime, newspaper reading has
+trained the readers to recognize a displayed text at the beginning of
+an article or report as the abstract. This is even more so when the
+abstract comes before the table of contents. It is also surprising
+that precisely this title appears small and centered. {\KOMAScript}
+provides the possibility of including or excluding the abstract's
+title with the options \Option{abstracton} and \Option{abstractoff}.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ Books typically use another type of summary. In that case there is
+ usually a dedicated summary chapter at the beginning or end of the
+ book. This chapter is often combined with the introduction or with a
+ description of further aspects. Therefore, the class \Class{scrbook}
+ has no \Environment{abstract} environment. A summary chapter is also
+ recommended for reports in a wider sense, like a Master's or Ph.D.
+ thesis.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{abstracton}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{abstractoff}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{pointednumbers}\\
+ \Option{pointlessnumbers}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{pointednumbers}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{pointlessnumbers}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ According to {\small DUDEN}, the numbering of sectional units should
+ have no point at the end if only arabic numbers are used (see
+ \cite[R\,3]{DUDEN}). On the other hand, if roman numerals or letters
+ are used, then a point should appear at the end of the numbering (see
+ \cite[R\,4]{DUDEN}). {\KOMAScript} has an internal mechanisms that
+ tries to implement these rules. The resulting effect is that,
+ normally, after the sectional commands \Macro{part} and
+ \Macro{appendix} a switch is made to numbering with a point at the
+ end. The information is saved in the \File{aux} file and takes
+ effect on the next \LaTeX{} run.
+\end{Explain}
+
+In some cases the mechanism that switches the end point may fail or
+other languagues may have different rules. Therefore it is possible to
+activate the use of the end point with the option
+\Option{pointednumbers} or to deactivate it with
+\Option{pointlessnumbers}.
+
+Please note that the mechanism only takes effect on the next \LaTeX{}
+run. When trying to use these options to control the numbering
+format, a run without changing any options should be made.
+
+Calling these options
+\Option{dottednumbers}\IndexOption{dottednumbers} and
+\Option{dotlessnumbers}\IndexOption{dotlessnumbers} or similar would
+be more correct. It so happened that the meaning of the chosen names
+was not clear to me a few years ago when the options were implemented.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{pointednumbers}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{pointlessnumbers}%
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{leqno}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{leqno}%
+Equations\Index{equation} are normally numbered on the right. The
+standard option \Option{leqno} causes the standard option file
+\File{leqno.clo} to be loaded. The equations are then numbered on the
+left.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{leqno}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{fleqn}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{fleqn}%
+Displayed equations are normally centered. The standard option
+\Option{fleqn} causes the standard option file \File{fleqn.clo} to be
+loaded. Displayed equations are then left-justified.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{fleqn}%
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{tablecaptionbelow}\\
+ \Option{tablecaptionabove}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{tablecaptionbelow}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{tablecaptionabove}%
+As described in \autoref{sec:maincls.floats}, the
+\Macro{caption}\IndexCmd{caption} command acts with figures like the
+\Macro{captionbelow}\IndexCmd{captionbelow} command. The behaviour
+with tables depends on two options. With the default
+\Option{tablecaptionbelow} options, the \Macro{caption} macro acts
+like the \Macro{captionbelow} command. With the
+\Option{tablecaptionabove} option, \Macro{caption} acts like the
+\Macro{captionabove}\IndexCmd{captionabove} command.
+
+Note\OnlyAt{\Package{float}}\IndexPackage{float} that when using
+the \Package{float} package, the options \Option{tablecaptionbelow}
+and \Option{tablecaptionabove} cease to act correctly when the
+\Macro{refloatstyle} is applied to tables. More details of the
+\Package{float} package's \Macro{refloatstyle} can be obtained from
+\cite{package:float}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{tablecaptionbelow}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{tablecaptionabove}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{origlongtable}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{origlongtable}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ The package\OnlyAt{\Package{longtable}}
+ \Package{longtable}\IndexPackage{longtable} (see
+ \cite{package:longtable}) sets table captions internally by calling
+ the command \Macro{LT@makecaption}. In order to ensure that these
+ table captions match the ones used with normal tables, the
+ \KOMAScript{} classes normally redefine that command. See
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.floats} for more details. The redefinition
+ is performed with help of the command \Macro{AfterPackage}
+ immediately after the loading of package \Package{longtable}. If
+ the package \Package{caption2}\IndexPackage{caption2} (see
+ \cite{package:caption2}) has been previously loaded, the
+ redefinition is not made in order not to interfere with the
+ \Package{caption2} package.
+\end{Explain}
+If the table captions produced by the \Package{longtable} package
+should not be redefined by the \KOMAScript{}, activate the
+\Option{origlongtable} option.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{origlongtable}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{openbib}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{openbib}%
+The standard option \Option{openbib} switches to an alternative
+bibliography format. The effects are twofold: The first line of a
+bibliography entry, normally containing the author's name, gets a
+smaller indentation; and the command \Macro{newblock} is redefined to
+produce a paragraph. Without this option, \Macro{newblock} introduces
+only a stretchable horizontal space.
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{openbib}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Option{draft}\\
+ \Option{final}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{draft}%
+\BeginIndex{Option}{final}%
+The two standard options \Option{draft} and \Option{final} are
+normally used to distinguish between the draft and final versions of a
+document. The option \Option{draft} activates small black boxes that
+are set at the end of overly long lines. The boxes help the untrained
+eye to find paragraphs that have to be treated manually. With the
+\Option{final} option no such boxes are shown.
+
+The two options are also processed by other packages and affect their
+workings. For instance, the \Package{graphics}\IndexPackage{graphics}
+and the \Package{graphicx}\IndexPackage{graphicx} packages don't
+actually output the graphics when the option \Option{draft} is
+specified. Instead they output a framed box of the appropriate size
+containing only the graphic's filename (see \cite{package:graphics}).
+%
+\EndIndex{Option}{draft}%
+\EndIndex{Option}{final}%
+
+
+\section{General Document Characteristics}
+\label{sec:maincls.general}
+
+Some document characteristics do not apply to a particular section of
+the document like the titling, the text body or the bibliography, but
+they affect the entire document. Some of these characteristics were
+already described in \autoref{sec:maincls.options}.
+
+\subsection{Changing Fonts}
+\label{sec:maincls.font}
+
+\BeginIndex{}{font}\BeginIndex{}{font size}%
+\begin{Explain}
+ \KOMAScript{} does not use fixed fonts and attributes to emphasize
+ different elements of the text. Instead there are variables
+ that contain the commands used for changing fonts and other text
+ attributes. In previous versions of \KOMAScript{} the user had to
+ use \Macro{renewcommand} to redefine those variables. It was also
+ not easy to determine the name of the variable affecting an element
+ given the element's name. It was also often necessary to determine
+ the original definition before proceeding to redefine it.
+
+ These difficulties were actually intended, since the interface was not
+ for users, but only for package authors building their
+ packages on top of \KOMAScript{}. The years have shown that the
+ interface was mainly used by document authors. So a new, simpler
+ interface was created. However, the author advises explicitly the
+ typographically inexperienced user against changing font sizes and
+ other graphical characteristics according to his taste. Knowledge
+ and feeling are basic conditions for the selection and mixture of
+ different font sizes, attributes and families.
+\end{Explain}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{setkomafont}\Parameter{element}\Parameter{commands}\\
+ \Macro{addtokomafont}\Parameter{element}\Parameter{commands}\\
+ \Macro{usekomafont}\Parameter{element}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setkomafont}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addtokomafont}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{usekomafont}%
+With\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
+ \Class{scrartcl}} the help of the two commands \Macro{setkomafont}
+and \Macro{addtokomafont} it is possible to define the
+\PName{commands} that change the characteristics of a given
+\PName{element}. Theoretically all possible statements including
+literal text could be used as \PName{commands}. You should however
+absolutely limit yourself to those statements that really switch only
+one font attribute. This are usually the commands \Macro{normalfont},
+\Macro{rmfamily}, \Macro{sffamily}, \Macro{ttfamily},
+\Macro{mdseries}, \Macro{bfseries}, \Macro{upshape}, \Macro{itshape},
+\Macro{slshape}, \Macro{scshape} and the font size commands
+\Macro{Huge}, \Macro{huge}, \Macro{LARGE} etc. The description of
+these commands can be found in \cite{lshort}, \cite{latex:usrguide} or
+\cite{latex:fntguide}. Color switching commands like
+\Macro{normalcolor} (see \cite{package:graphics}) are also acceptable.
+The behavior when using other commands, specially those that make
+redefinitions or generate output, is not defined. Strange behavior is
+possible and does not represent a bug.
+
+
+The command \Macro{setkomafont } provides a font switching command
+with a completely new definition. In contrast to this the
+\Macro{addtokomafont} commands extends the existing definition.
+
+It is not recommended to use both statements in the same
+document. Usage examples can be found in the paragraphs on the
+corresponding element. Names and meanings of the individual items are
+listed in \autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}. The default
+values are shown in the corresponding paragraphs.
+%
+% Mit tabularx.sty oder array.sty waere folgende Tabelle viel
+% einfacher zu loesen:
+\begin{table}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{tabular}{lp{.6\linewidth}}
+ Element & Description \\\hline\\[-2ex]
+ \FontElement{caption}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{caption}
+ & \raggedright Text of a table or figure caption\tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{captionlabel}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{captionlabel}
+ & \raggedright Label of a table or figure caption; used according
+ to the element \FontElement{caption}\tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{chapter}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{chapter}
+ & \raggedright Title of the sectional unit
+ \Macro{chapter} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{descriptionlabel}%
+ \IndexFontElement[indexmain]{descriptionlabel}
+ & \raggedright Labels, i.e. the optional
+ argument of \Macro{item}, in the
+ \Environment{description} environment\tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{dictumauthor}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{dictumauthor}
+ & \raggedright Author of a smart saying; used according
+ to the element \FontElement{dictumtext}\tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{dictumtext}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{dictumtext}
+ & \raggedright Text of a smart saing (see command
+ \Macro{dictum}) \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{pagefoot}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{pagefoot}
+ & \raggedright The foot of a page, but also the head of a page
+ \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{footnote}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{footnote}
+ & \raggedright Footnote text and marker \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{footnotelabel}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{footnotelabel}
+ & \raggedright Mark of a footnote; used according to the
+ element \FontElement{footnote}\tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{footnotereference}%
+ \IndexFontElement[indexmain]{footnotereference}
+ & Footnote reference in the text \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{pagehead}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{pagehead}
+ & \raggedright The head of a page, but also the foot of a page
+ \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{pagenumber}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{pagenumber}
+ & \raggedright Page number in the header or footer
+ \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{paragraph}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{paragraph}
+ & \raggedright Title of the sectional unit
+ \Macro{paragraph} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{part}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{part}
+ & \raggedright Title of the \Macro{part} sectional unit, without
+ the line with the part number\tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{partnumber}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{partnumber}
+ & \raggedright Line with the part number in a title of the
+ sectional unit \Macro{part}
+ \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{section}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{section}
+ & \raggedright Title of the sectional unit
+ \Macro{section} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{sectioning}
+ & \raggedright All sectional unit titles, i.e. the arguments of
+ \Macro{part} down to \Macro{subparagraph} and
+ \Macro{minisec}, including the title of the abstract; used before
+ the element of the corresponding unit
+ \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{subparagraph}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{subparagraph}
+ & \raggedright Title of the sectional unit
+ \Macro{subparagraph} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{subsection}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{subsection}
+ & \raggedright Title of the sectional unit
+ \Macro{subsection} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{subsubsection}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{subsubsection}
+ & \raggedright Title of the sectional unit
+ \Macro{subsubsection} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \FontElement{title}\IndexFontElement[indexmain]{title}
+ & \raggedright Main title of the document, i.e. the argument
+ of \Macro{title} \tabularnewline%[.75ex]
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Elements, whose type style can be
+ changed with the {\KOMAScript} command \Macro{setkomafont} or
+ \Macro{addtokomafont}}
+ \label{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}
+\end{table}
+
+The command \Macro{usekomafont} can change the current font
+specification to the one used with the specified \PName{element}.
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume that you want to use for the element
+ \FontElement{captionlabel} the same font specification that is used
+ with \FontElement{descriptionlabel}. This can be easily done with:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ You can find other examples in the paragraphs on each element.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setkomafont}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addtokomafont}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{usekomafont}%
+\EndIndex{}{font}\EndIndex{}{font size}%
+
+\subsection{Page Style}
+\label{sec:maincls.pageStyle}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{pagestyle}\PParameter{empty}\\
+ \Macro{pagestyle}\PParameter{plain}\\
+ \Macro{pagestyle}\PParameter{headings}\\
+ \Macro{pagestyle}\PParameter{myheadings}\\
+ \Macro{thispagestyle}\Parameter{local page style}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{pagestyle}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{thispagestyle}%
+\BeginIndex{Pagestyle}{empty}%
+\BeginIndex{Pagestyle}{plain}%
+\BeginIndex{Pagestyle}{headings}%
+\BeginIndex{Pagestyle}{myheadings}%
+One of the general characteristics of a document is the page
+style\Index[indexmain]{page style}. In {\LaTeX} this means mostly the
+contents of headers and footers. Usually one distinguishes four
+different page styles.
+\begin{description}
+\item[empty] is the page style with entirely empty headers and
+ footers. In {\KOMAScript} this is completely identical to the
+ standard classes.
+\item [plain] is the page style with empty head and only a page number
+ in the foot. With the standard classes this page number is
+ always centered in the foot. With {\KOMAScript} the page number
+ appears on double-sided\Index {double-sided} layout on the outer
+ side of the foot. The one-sided page style behaves like the
+ standard setup.
+\item[headings] is the page style with running titles in the head.
+ With the classes \Class{scrbook}\IndexClass{scrbook} and
+ \Class{scrreprt}\IndexClass{scrreprt} the titles of chapters and
+ sections are repeated in the head -- with {\KOMAScript} on the outer
+ side, with the standard classes on the inner side. The page number
+ comes with {\KOMAScript} on the outer side of the foot, with the
+ standard classes it comes on the inner side of the head. In
+ one-sided layouts only the headings of the chapters are used and
+ are, with {\KOMAScript}, centered in the head. The page numbers are
+ set with {\KOMAScript} centered in the foot.
+ \OnlyAt{\Class{scrartcl}}\Class{scrartcl}\IndexClass{scrartcl}
+ behaves similarly, but starting a level deeper in the section
+ hierarchy with sections and subsections, because the chapter level
+ does not exist in this case.
+
+ While the standard classes automatically set running headings always
+ in capitals, {\KOMAScript} applies the style of the title. This has
+ several typographic reasons. Capitals as a decoration are actually
+ too strong. If one applies them nevertheless, they should be set
+ with a smaller type size and tighter spacing. The standard classes
+ don't take these points in consideration.
+\item [myheadings] corresponds mostly to the page style
+ \PValue{headings}, but the running headings s are not automatically
+ produced, but have to be defined by the user. The commands \Macro
+ {markboth}\IndexCmd{markboth} and
+ \Macro{markright}\IndexCmd{markright} can be used for that purpose.
+\end{description}
+Besides, the form of the page styles \PValue{headings} and
+\PValue{myheadings} is affected by each of the four class options
+\Option{headsepline}, \Option{headnosepline}, \Option{footsepline} and
+\Option {footnosepline} (see \autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}).
+The page style starting with the current page is changed by the
+command \Macro{pagestyle}. On the other hand \Macro{thispagestyle}
+changes only the style of the current page.
+
+The page style can be set at any time with the help of the
+\Macro{pagestyle} command and takes effect with the next page that is
+output. Usually one sets the page style only once at the beginning of the
+document or in the preamble. To change the page style of the current
+page one uses the \Macro{thispagestyle} command. This also happens at
+some places in the document automatically. For example, the
+instruction \Macro{thispagestyle}\PParameter{plain} is issued
+implicitly on the first page of a chapter.
+
+Please note that the change between automatic and manual running
+headings is not performed by page style changes when using the
+\Package{scrpage2} package, but instead special instructions must be
+used. The page styles \PValue{headings} and \PValue{myheadings} should
+not be used together with this package (see
+\autoref{cha:scrpage}).
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{pagestyle}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{thispagestyle}%
+\EndIndex{Pagestyle}{empty}%
+\EndIndex{Pagestyle}{plain}%
+\EndIndex{Pagestyle}{headings}%
+\EndIndex{Pagestyle}{myheadings}%
+
+\BeginIndex[indexother]{}{type style}%
+In order to change the type style used in the head, foot or for the
+page number\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}}%
+, please use the interface described in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.font}. The same element is used for head and
+foot, which you can designate equivalently with
+\FontElement{pagehead}\IndexFontElement{pagehead} or
+\FontElement{pagefoot}\IndexFontElement{pagefoot}. The element for
+the page number within the head or foot is called
+\FontElement{pagenumber}\IndexFontElement{pagenumber}. The default
+settings can be found in \autoref{tab:maincls.defaultFontsHeadFoot}.
+%
+%
+\begin{table}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{tabular}{ll}
+ Element & Default value \\\hline\\[-1.75ex]
+ \FontElement{pagefoot}\IndexFontElement{pagefoot} &
+ \Macro{normalfont}\Macro{normalcolor}\Macro{slshape} \\
+ \FontElement{pagehead}\IndexFontElement{pagehead} &
+ \Macro{normalfont}\Macro{normalcolor}\Macro{slshape} \\
+ \FontElement{pagenumber}\IndexFontElement{pagenumber} &
+ \Macro{normalfont}\Macro{normalcolor}\\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Default values for the elements of a page style}
+ \label{tab:maincls.defaultFontsHeadFoot}
+\end{table}
+%
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume that you want to set head and foot in a smaller type size and
+ in italics. However, the page number should not be set in italics
+ but bold. Apart from the fact that the result will look horribly,
+ you can reach this as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{pagehead}{\normalfont\normalcolor\itshape%
+ \small}
+ \setkomafont{pagenumber}{\normalfont\bfseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ If you want only that in addition to the default slanted variant a
+ smaller type size is used, it is sufficient to use the following:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \addtokomafont{pagefoot}{\small}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As you can see, the last example uses the element
+ \FontElement{pagefoot}. You can achieve the same result using
+ \PValue{pagehead} instead (see
+ \autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText} on
+ \autopageref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}).
+\end{Example}
+It is not possible to use these methods to force capitals to be used
+automatically for the running headings. For that, please use the
+\Package{scrpage2} package (see \autoref{cha:scrpage}).
+
+If you define your own page styles, the commands
+\Macro{usekomafont}\PParameter{pagehead} and
+\Macro{usekomafont}\PParameter {pagenumber} can find a meaningful use.
+If you use for that not the \KOMAScript{} package \Package{scrpage2}
+(see \autoref{cha:scrpage}), but, for example, the package
+\Package{fancyhdr}\IndexPackage{fancyhdr} (see
+\cite{package:fancyhdr}), you can use these commands in your
+definitions. Thereby you can remain compatible with \KOMAScript. If
+you do not use these commands in your own definitions, changes like
+those shown in the previous examples have no effect. The packages
+\Package{scrpage}\IndexPackage{scrpage} and
+\Package{scrpage2}\IndexPackage {scrpage2} take care to keep the
+maximum possible compatibility with other packages.
+%
+\EndIndex[indexother]{}{type style}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{titlepagestyle}\\
+ \Macro{partpagestyle}\\
+ \Macro{chapterpagestyle}\\
+ \Macro{indexpagestyle}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{titlepagestyle}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{partpagestyle}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chapterpagestyle}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{indexpagestyle}%
+For some pages a different page style is chosen with the help of the
+command \Macro{thispagestyle}. Which page style this actually is, is
+defined by these four macros. The default values for all four cases is
+\PValue{plain}. The meaning of these macros can be taken from the
+following list:
+\begin{labeling}[~--]{\Macro{chapterpagestyle}}
+\item[\Macro{titlepagestyle}] Page style for a title page when using
+ \emph{in-page} titles.
+\item[\Macro{partpagestyle}] Page style for the pages with
+ \Macro{part} titles.
+\item[\Macro{chapterpagestyle}]
+ \OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} Page style for the
+ first page of a chapter.
+\item[\Macro{indexpagestyle}] Page style for the first page of the index.
+\end{labeling}
+
+The page styles can be redefined with the \Macro{renewcommand} macro.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume that you want the pages with a \Macro{part} heading to have
+ no number. Then you can use the following command, for example in
+ the preamble of your document:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\partpagestyle}{empty}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As mentioned previously, the page style \PValue{empty} is exactly
+ what is required in this example. Naturally you can also use a
+ user-defined page style.
+
+ Assume you have defined your own page style for initial chapter pages
+ with the package \Package{scrpage2} (see
+ \autoref{cha:scrpage}). You have given to this page style the
+ fitting name \PValue{chapter}. To actually use this style, you must
+ redefine the macro \Macro{chapterpagestyle} accordingly:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{chapter}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+
+ Assume that you want that the table of contents of a book to
+ have no page numbers. However, everything after the table of
+ contents should work
+ again with the page style \PValue{headings}, as well as with
+ \PValue{plain} on every first page of a chapter. You can use the
+ following commands:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \clearpage
+ \pagestyle{empty}
+ \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{empty}
+ \tableofcontents
+ \clearpage
+ \pagestyle{headings}
+ \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{plain}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+
+ The redefinition of the other page styles is done in the same way.
+\end{Example}
+\begin{Explain}
+ Whoever thinks that it is possible to put running headings on the
+ first page of a chapter by using the command
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{headings}
+\end{verbatim}
+ will be surprised at the results.
+ For sure, the page style \PValue{headings} is thereby applied to the
+ initial page of a chapter. But nevertheless no running headings appear
+ when using the \Option{openright} option.
+ The reason for this behaviour can be found in the \LaTeX{}
+ core. There, the command \Macro{rightmark}, that generates the marks
+ for right-hand pages, is defined with;
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \let\@rightmark\@secondoftwo
+ \def\rightmark{\expandafter\@rightmark\firstmark\@empty\@empty}
+\end{verbatim}
+ The right-hand mark is set with \Macro{firstmark}. \Macro{firstmark}
+ contains the left-hand and right-hand marks that were first set
+ for a page. Within \Macro{chapter}, \Macro{markboth} is used to set
+ the left mark to the chapter header and the right mark to empty.
+ Hence, the first right
+ mark on a chapter beginning with a right-hand page is empty. Therefore,
+ the running heading is also empty on those pages.
+
+ You could redefine \Macro{rightmark} in the preamble so that the
+ last mark on the page is used instead of the first:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \makeatother
+ \renewcommand*{\rightmark}{%
+ \expandafter\@rightmark\botmark\@empty\@empty}
+ \makeatletter
+\end{verbatim}
+ This would however cause the running heading of the first page of a
+ chapter to use the title of the last section in the page. This is
+ confusing and should be avoided.
+
+ It is also confusing (and hence should be avoided) to have as
+ running heading of the first page of a chapter the chapter title
+ instead of the the section title. Therefore, the current behavior
+ should be considered to be correct.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{titlepagestyle}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{partpagestyle}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chapterpagestyle}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{indexpagestyle}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{clearpage}\\
+ \Macro{cleardoublepage}\\
+ \Macro{cleardoublestandardpage}\\
+ \Macro{cleardoubleplainpage}\\
+ \Macro{cleardoubleemptypage}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{clearpage}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{cleardoublepage}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{cleardoublestandardpage}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{cleardoubleplainpage}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{cleardoubleemptypage}%
+The \LaTeX{} core contains the \Macro{clearpage} command, which takes
+care of the fact that all floats that have not yet been output and
+starts a new page. There exists the instruction
+\Macro{cleardoublepage} which works like \Macro{clearpage} but that,
+in the double-sided layouts (see layout option \Option{twoside} in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}) starts a new right-hand page.
+An empty left page in the current page style is output if necessary.
+
+With \Macro{cleardoublestandardpage} \KOMAScript{} works as described
+above. The \Macro{cleardoubleplainpage} command changes the page
+style of the empty left page to \PValue{plain} in order to suppress
+the running heading. Analogously, the page style \PValue{empty} is
+applied to the empty page with \Macro{cleardoubleemptypage},
+suppressing the page number as well as the runnning title. The page is
+thus entirely empty. However, the approach used by
+\Macro{cleardoublepage} is dependent on the layout options
+\Option{cleardoublestandard}, \Option{cleardoubleplain} and
+\Option{cleardoubleempty} described in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions} and acts according to the
+active option.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{clearpage}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{cleardoublepage}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{cleardoublestandardpage}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{cleardoubleplainpage}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{cleardoubleemptypage}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{ifthispageodd}\Parameter{true}\Parameter{false}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{ifthispageodd}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ A peculiarity of \LaTeX{} consists in the fact that it is not
+ possible to determine on which page the current text will fall. It
+ is also difficult to say whether the current page has an odd or an
+ even page number. Now some will argue that there is, nevertheless,
+ the \TeX test macro \Macro{ifodd} which one needs only to apply to
+ the current page counter. However, this is an error. At the time of
+ the evaluation of such a test \LaTeX{} does not know at all whether
+ the text just processed will be typeset on the current page or only
+ on the next. The page breaks take place not while reading the paragraph,
+ but only in the \emph{output} routine of \LaTeX{}. However, at that
+ moment a command of the form \verb|\ifodd\value{page}| would already
+ have been completely evaluated.
+
+ To find out reliably whether a text falls on an even or odd
+ page, one must usually work with a label and a page reference to
+ this label. One must also take special precautionary measures during
+ the first \LaTeX{} run, when the label is not yet known.
+\end{Explain}
+If one wants to find out with {\KOMAScript} whether a text falls on an
+even or odd page, one can use the \Macro {ifthispageodd} command. The
+\PName{true} argument is executed only if the command falls on an odd
+page. Otherwise the \PName{false} argument is executed.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ More precisely stated, the question is not where the text is, but
+ whether a page reference to a label placed in this location would
+ refer to an odd or an even page.
+\end{Explain}
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume that you want to indicate if an odd or even page is
+ output. This could be achieved with the command:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ This is a page with an \ifthispageodd{odd}{even}
+ page number.
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The output would then be:
+ \begin{quote}
+ This is a page with an \ifthispageodd{odd}{even}
+ page number.
+ \end{quote}
+\end{Example}
+
+Because the \Macro{ifthispageodd} command uses a mechanism that is
+very similar to a label and a reference to it, at least two \LaTeX{}
+runs are required after every text modification. Only then the
+decision is correct. In the first run a heuristic is used to make the
+first choice.
+
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ There are situations where the \Macro{ifthispageodd} command never
+ leads to the correct result. Suppose that the command is used within
+ a box. A box is set by \LaTeX{} always as a whole. No page breaks
+ take place inside. Assume further that the \PName{true} part is very
+ big, but the \PName{false} part is empty. If we suppose further that
+ the box with the \PName {false} part still fits on the current, even
+ page, but that with the \PName{true} part it does not. Further
+ assume that \KOMAScript{} heuristically decides for the first run
+ that the \PName{true} part applies. The decision is wrong and is
+ revised in the next run. The \PName{false} part is thereby
+ processed, instead of the \PName{true} part. The decision must again
+ be revised in the next run and so on.
+
+ These cases are rare. Nevertheless it should not be said that I have
+ not pointed out that they are possible.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{ifthispageodd}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{pagenumbering}\Parameter{numbering style}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{pagenumbering}%
+This command works the same way in \KOMAScript{} as in the standard
+classes. More precisely it is a command from the \LaTeX{} kernel. You
+can specify with this command the \PName{numbering style} of page
+numbers. The changes take effect immediately, hence starting with the
+page that contains the command. The possible settings can be found in
+\autoref{tab:numberKind}. Using the command \Macro{pagenumbering}
+also resets the page counter\Index{page counter}\Index{page number}.
+Thus the page number of the next page which \TeX{} outputs will have
+the number 1 in the style \PName{numbering style}.
+%
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}{lll}
+numbering style & example & description \\\hline\\[-2ex]
+\PValue{arabic} & 8 & Arabic numbers \\
+\PValue{roman} & viii & lower-case Roman numbers \\
+\PValue{Roman} & VIII & upper-case Roman numbers \\
+\PValue{alph} & h & letters \\
+\PValue{Alph} & H & capital letters \\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Available numbering styles of page numbers}
+\label{tab:numberKind}
+\end{table}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{pagenumbering}
+
+
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Titles}
+\label{sec:maincls.titles}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ After having described the options and some general issues, we begin
+ the document where it usually begins: with the titles. The titles
+ comprise everything that belongs in the widest sense to the title of
+ a document. Like already mentioned in
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}, we can distinguish
+ between title pages and \emph{in-page} titles. Article classes like
+ \Class{article} or \Class{scrartcl} have by default \emph{in-page}
+ titles, while classes like \Class{report}, \Class{book},
+ \Class{scrreprt} and \Class{scrbook} have title pages as default.
+ The defaults can be changed with the class options
+ \Option{titlepage} and \Option{notitlepage}.
+\end{Explain}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{titlepage}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{titlepage}%
+With the standard classes and with {\KOMAScript} all title pages are
+defined in a special environment, the \Environment{titlepage}
+environment. This environment always starts a new page -- in the
+two-sided layout a new right page. For this page, the style is changed
+as by \Macro{thispagestyle}\PParameter{empty}, so that neither page
+number nor running title are output. At the end of the environment the
+page is automatically shipped out. Should you not be able to use the
+automatic layout of the title page, it is advisable to design a new
+one with the help of this environment.
+
+
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume you want a title page on which only the word " ` Me " '
+ stands at the top on the left, as large as possible and in bold --
+ no author, no date, nothing else. The following document makes just
+ that:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrbook}
+ \begin{document}
+ \begin{titlepage}
+ \textbf{\Huge Me}
+ \end{titlepage}
+ \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Simple? Right.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{titlepage}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{maketitle}\OParameter{page number}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{maketitle}%
+While the the standard classes produce a title page that may have the
+three items title, author and date, with {\KOMAScript} the
+\Macro{maketitle} command can produce up to six pages.
+
+In contrast to the standard classes, the \Macro{maketitle} macro in
+{\KOMAScript} accepts an optional numeric argument. If it is used, the
+number is made the page number of the first title page. However, this
+page number is not output, but affects only the numbering. You should
+choose an odd number, because otherwise the whole counting gets mixed
+up. In my opinion there are only two meaningful applications for the
+optional argument. On the one hand, one could give to the
+half-title\Index[indexmain]{half-title} the logical page number \(-1\)
+in order to give the full title page the number 1. On the other hand
+it could be used to start at a higher page number, for instance, 3, 5,
+or 7 to accommodate other title pages added by the publishing house.
+The optional argument is ignored for \emph{in-page} titles. However
+the page style of such a title page can be changed by redefining the
+\Macro{titlepagestyle} macro. For that see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}.
+
+The following commands do not lead necessarily to the production of
+the titles. The typesetting of the title pages is always done by
+\Macro{maketitle}. The commands explained below only define the
+contents of the title pages. It is however not necessary, and when
+using the \Package{babel} package\IndexPackage{babel} not recommended,
+to use these in the preamble before \Macro{begin}\PParameter{document}
+(see \cite{package:babel}). Examples can be found at the end of this
+section.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{extratitle}\Parameter{half-title}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{extratitle}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ In earlier times the inner book was often not protected from dirt by a cover.
+ This task was then taken over by the first page of the book which
+ carried mostly a shortened title, precisely the \emph{half-title}.
+ Nowadays the extra page is often applied before the real full title
+ and contains information on the publisher, series number and similar
+ information.
+\end{Explain}
+
+With {\KOMAScript} it is possible to include a page before the real
+title page. The \PName{half-title} can be arbitrary text -- even
+several paragraphs. The contents of the \PName {half-title} are output
+by {\KOMAScript} without additional formatting. Their organisation is
+completely left to the user. The back of the half-title remains empty.
+The half-title has its own title page even when \emph{in-page} titles
+are used. The output of the half-title defined with \Macro{extratitle}
+takes place as part of the titles produced by \Macro{maketitle}.
+
+
+\begin{Example}
+ Let's go back to the previous example and assume
+ that the spartan "Me" is the half-title. The full title should
+ still follow the half-title. One can proceed as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrbook}
+ \begin{document}
+ \extratitle{\textbf{\Huge Me}}
+ \title{It's me}
+ \maketitle
+ \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ You can center the half-title and put it a little lower down the page:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrbook}
+ \begin{document}
+ \extratitle{\vspace*{4\baselineskip}
+ \begin{center}\textbf{\Huge Me}\end{center}}
+ \title{It's me}
+ \maketitle
+ \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The command \Macro{title} is necessary in order to make the examples
+ above work correctly. It is explained next.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{extratitle}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{titlehead}\Parameter{Titlehead}\\
+ \Macro{subject}\Parameter{Subject}\\
+ \Macro{title}\Parameter{Title}\\
+ \Macro{author}\Parameter{Author}\\
+ \Macro{date}\Parameter{Date}\\
+ \Macro{publishers}\Parameter{Publisher}\\
+ \Macro{and}\\
+ \Macro{thanks}\Parameter{Footnote}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{titlehead}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subject}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{title}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{author}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{date}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{publishers}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{and}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{thanks}%
+The contents of the full title page are defined by six elements. The
+\PName{title head}\Index[indexmain]{title head} is defined with the
+command \Macro {titlehead}. It is typeset in regular paragraph style
+and full width at the top of the page. It can be freely designed by
+the user.
+
+The \PName{Subject}\Index[indexmain]{subject} is output immediately
+above the \PName{Title}. A slightly larger font size than the regular
+one is used.
+
+The \PName{Title} is output with a very large font size.
+Besides\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} the change
+of size, the settings for the element
+\FontElement{title}\IndexFontElement{title} also take effect. By
+default these settings are identical to the settings for the element
+\FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} (see
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). The font size is however
+not affected (see \autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). The
+default settings can be changed with the commands of
+\autoref{sec:maincls.font}.
+
+Below the \PName{Title} appears the
+\PName{Author}\Index[indexmain]{author}. Several authors can be
+specified in the argument of \Macro{author}. They should be separated
+by \Macro{and}.
+
+Below the author or authors appears the date\Index{date}. The default
+value is the present date, as produced by
+\Macro{today}\IndexCmd{today}. The \Macro{date} command accepts
+arbitrary information or even an empty argument.
+
+Finally comes the \PName{Publisher}\Index[indexmain]{publisher}. Of
+course this command can also be used for any other information of
+little importance. If necessary, the \Macro{parbox} command can be
+used to typeset this information over the full page width like a
+regular paragraph. Then it is to be considered equivalent to the
+title head. However, note that this field is put above any existing
+footnotes.
+
+Footnotes\Index{footnotes} on the title page are produced not with
+\Macro{footnote}, but with \Macro{thanks}. They serve typically for
+notes associated with the authors. Symbols are used as footnote
+markers instead of numbers.
+
+With the exception of \PName{titlehead} and possible footnotes, all
+the items are centered horizontally. The information is summarised in
+\autoref{tab:maincls.mainTitle}.
+\begin{table}
+ \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{llll}
+ Element & Command & Font
+ & Justification \\
+ \hline\rule{0pt}{2.7ex}%
+ Title head & \Macro{titlehead} & \Macro{normalsize}
+ & Regular paragraph \\
+ Subject & \Macro{subject} & \Macro{Large}
+ & centered \\
+ Title & \Macro{title} & \Macro{huge}
+ & centered \\
+ Authors & \Macro{author} & \Macro{Large}
+ & centered \\
+ Date & \Macro{date} & \Macro{Large}
+ & centered \\
+ Publishers & \Macro{publishers} & \Macro{Large}
+ & centered \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption[Main title]{Font size and horizontal positioning of the
+ elements in the main title page in the order of their vertical
+ position from top to bottom when typeset with \Macro{maketitle}}
+ \label{tab:maincls.mainTitle}
+\end{table}
+
+
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume you are writing a dissertation. The title page should have
+ the university's name and address at the top, flush left, and the
+ semester flush right. As usual a title is to be used, including
+ author and delivery date.
+ The advisor must also be indicated, together with the fact that the
+ document is a dissertation. This can be obtained as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrbook}
+ \begin{document}
+ \titlehead{{\Large Unseen University
+ \hfill SS~2002\\}
+ Higher Analytical Institut\\
+ Mythological Rd\\
+ 34567 Etherworld}
+ \subject{Dissertation}
+ \title{Digital space simulation with the DSP\,56004}
+ \author{Fuzzy George}
+ \date{30. February 2002}
+ \publishers{Advisor Prof. John Excentric Doe}
+ \maketitle
+ \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+
+
+\begin{Explain}
+A frequent misunderstanding concerns the role of the full title side.
+It is often erroneous assumed that the cover (or dust cover) is meant.
+Therefore, it is frequently expected that the title page does not follow
+the normal page layout, but have equally large left and right margins.
+
+However if one takes a book and opens it, one hits very quickly on at
+least one title page under the cover within the so-called inner book.
+Precisely these title pages are produced by \Macro{maketitle}. Like it
+happens with the half-title, the full title page belongs to the inner
+book, and therefore should have the same page layout as the rest of
+the document. A cover is actually something that should be created in
+a separate document. The cover often has a very individual format. It
+can also be designed with the help of a graphics or DTP program. A
+separate document should also be used because the cover will be
+printed on a different medium, possibly cardboard, and possibly with
+another printer.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{titlehead}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subject}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{title}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{author}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{date}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{publishers}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{and}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{thanks}%
+
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{uppertitleback}\Parameter{titlebackhead}\\
+ \Macro{lowertitleback}\Parameter{titlebackfoot}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{uppertitleback}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{lowertitleback}%
+%
+With the standard classes, the back of the title page is left empty.
+However, with {\KOMAScript} the back of the full title page can be
+used for other information. Exactly two elements which the user can
+freely format are recognized: \PName {titlebackhead} and \PName
+{titlebackfoot}. The head can reach up to the foot and vice versa. If
+one takes this manual as an example, the exclusion of liability was
+set with the help of the \Macro{uppertitleback} command.
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{uppertitleback}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{lowertitleback}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{dedication}\Parameter{dedication}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{dedication}%
+{\KOMAScript} provides a page for dedications. The
+dedication\Index{dedication} is centered and uses a slightly larger
+type size. The back is empty like the back page of the half-title.
+The dedication page is produced by \Macro{maketitle} and must
+therefore be defined before this command is issued.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ This time assume that you have written a poetry book and you want to
+ dedicate it to your wife. A solution would look like this:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrbook}
+ \begin{document}
+ \extratitle{\textbf{\Huge In Love}}
+ \title{In Love}
+ \author{Prince Ironheart}
+ \date{1412}
+ \lowertitleback{This poem book was set with%
+ the help of {\KOMAScript} and {\LaTeX}}
+ \uppertitleback{Selfmockery Publishers}
+ \dedication{To my treasure\\
+ in eternal love.}
+ \maketitle
+ \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{dedication}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{maketitle}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{abstract}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{abstract}%
+Particularly\OnlyAt{\Class{scrartcl}\and\Class{scrreprt}} with
+articles, more rarely with reports, there is a summary\Index{summary}
+directly under the title and before the table of contents. Therefore,
+this is often considered a part of the titles. Some {\LaTeX} classes
+offer a special environment for this summary, the
+\Environment{abstract} environment. This is output directly, at it is
+not a component of the titles set by \Macro{maketitle}. Please note
+that \Environment{abstract} is an environment, not a command. Whether
+the summary has a heading or not is determined by the options
+\Option{abstracton} and \Option{abstractoff} (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions})
+
+With books (\Class{scrbook}) the summary is frequently a component of
+the introduction or a separate chapter at the end of the document.
+Therefore no \Environment{abstract} environment is provided. When
+using the class \Class{scrreprt} it is surely worth considering
+whether one should not proceed likewise.
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{abstract}
+
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{The Table of Contents}
+\label{sec:maincls.toc}
+
+The titles are normally followed by the table of contents\Index{table
+of contents}.
+Often the table of contents is followed by lists of floats, e.g. lists
+of tables and figures, see \autoref{sec:maincls.floats}).
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{tableofcontents}\\
+ \Macro{contentsname}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{tableofcontents}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{contentsname}%
+ The production of the table of contents is done by the
+\Macro{tableofcontents} command.
+To get a correct table of contents, at least two \LaTeX{} runs are
+necessary after every change. The option \Option{liststotoc} causes
+the lists of figures and tables to be included in the table of
+contents. \Option{idxtotoc} is the corresponding option for the index.
+This is rather uncommon in classical typography. One finds the
+bibliography included in the table of contents a little bit more
+frequently. This can be obtained with the options \Option{bibtotoc}
+and \Option{bibtotocnumbered}. These options are explained in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.tocOptions}.
+
+The table of contents is not set as a numbered chapter and is
+therefore subjected to the side effects of the standard
+\Macro{chapter*} command, which are described in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.structure}. However, the running
+titles\Index {running title} for left and right pages are correctly
+filled with the heading of the table of contents. The text of the
+heading is given by the macro \Macro{contentsname}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{tableofcontents}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{contentsname}%
+
+
+There is only one variant for the construction of the table of
+contents. The titles of the sectional units are indented so that the
+unit number is flush left to the edge of the title of the next upper
+unit. However, the place for the numbers is thereby limited and is
+only sufficient for a little bit more than 1.5 places per level.
+Should this become a problem, help can be found in \cite{DANTE:FAQ}.
+
+The entry for the highest sectional unit below \Macro{part}, i.e.,
+\Macro{chapter} with \Class{scrbook}\IndexClass{scrbook} and
+\Class{scrreprt}\IndexClass{scrreprt} or \Macro{section} with
+\Class{scrartcl}\IndexClass {scrartcl} is not indented. It is however
+affected by the settings of the element
+\FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} (see
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). There is no point
+between the text of the sectional unit heading and the page number. The
+typographic reasons for this are that the font is usually different
+and the desire for appropriate emphasis. The table of contents of this
+manual is a good example of these considerations.
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Counter{tocdepth}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Counter}{tocdepth}%
+Normally, the units included in the table of contents are all the
+units from \Macro{part} to \Macro{subsection} (for the classes
+\Class{scrbook} and \Class{scrreprt}) or from \Macro{part} to
+\Macro{subsubsection} (for the class \Class{scrartcl}). The inclusion
+of a sectional unit in the table of contents is controlled by the
+counter \Counter{tocdepth}. It has the value \(-1\) for \Macro{part},
+\(0\) for \Macro{chapter} and so on. Since the class \Class{scrartcl} has
+no \Macro{chapter}, the counter starts with 0 for the \Macro{part}. By
+setting, incrementing or decrementing the counter, one can choose the
+lowest sectional unit level to be included in the table of contents.
+The same happens with the standard classes.
+
+The user of the \Package{scrpage2}\IndexPackage{scrpage2} package (see
+\autoref{cha:scrpage}) does not need to remember the numerical
+values of each sectional unit. They are given by the values of the
+macros \Macro{chapterlevel}, \Macro{sectionlevel} and so on down to
+\Macro{subparagraphlevel}.
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume that you are preparing an article that uses the sectional
+ unit \Macro{subsubsection}. However, you don't want this sectional
+ unit to appear in the table of contents. The preamble of your
+ document might contain the following:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrartcl}
+ \setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{small}
+You set the counter \Counter{tocdepth} to 2, because you know that
+this is the value for \Macro{subsection}. If you know that
+\Class{scrartcl} normally includes all levels up to
+\Macro{subsubsection} in the table of contents, you can simply
+decrement the counter \Counter{tocdepth} by one:
+\begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{scrartcl}
+ \addtocounter{tocdepth}{-1}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{small}
+How much you should add to or take from the \Counter{tocdepth} counter
+can also be found by looking at the table of contents after the first
+\LaTeX{} run.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Counter}{tocdepth}%
+
+\section{Lists of Floats}
+
+As a rule, the lists of floats\index{float environments},
+e.g. list of tables\index{list of tables} and
+list of figures\index{list of figures}, can be found directly
+after the table of contents.
+In some documents, they even can be found in the appendix.
+However, the author of this manual prefers the location
+after the table of contents, therefore it is discussed here.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{listoftables}\\
+ \Macro{listoffigures}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{listoftables}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{listoffigures}%
+These commands generate a list of tables or figures.
+Changes in the document, that modify these lists will
+require two \LaTeX{} runs in order to take effect.
+The layout of the lists can be influenced by the options
+\Option{listsindent} and \Option{listsleft}, see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.listsOptions}.
+Moreover, the options \Option{liststotoc} and
+\Option{liststotocnumbered} have indirect influence,
+see \autoref{sec:maincls.tocOptions}).
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{listoftables}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{listoffigures}%
+
+
+\section{Main Text}
+\label{sec:maincls.mainText}
+
+This section explains everything provided by \KOMAScript{}
+in order to write the main text. The main text is the
+part that the author should focus on first.
+Of course this includes tables, figures and comparable
+information as well.
+
+\subsection{Separation}
+\label{sec:maincls.separation}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{frontmatter}\\
+ \Macro{mainmatter}\\
+ \Macro{backmatter}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{frontmatter}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{mainmatter}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{backmatter}%
+Before\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}} getting to the main text eventually
+we will have a short look at three commands which exist both in the
+standard class \Class{book} and the {\KOMAScript} class
+\Class{scrbook}. They are used for separation of the
+\emph{prefix}\Index{prefix}, the \emph{main text}\Index{main text} and
+the \emph{appendix}\Index{appendix} in a book.
+
+The macro \Macro{frontmatter} introduces the prefix in which roman
+numbers are used for the page numbers. Chapter headings in a prefix
+don't have any numbers. The foreword can be set as a normal chapter.
+A foreword should never be divided into sections but kept short.
+Therefore there is no need for a deeper structuring than chapter.
+
+\Macro{mainmatter} introduces the main text. If there is no prefix
+this command can be omitted. The default in the main text is arabic
+page numbering (re)starting with 1.
+
+The appendix is introduced with \Macro{backmatter}. Opinions differ in
+what should be part of the prefix. So in some cases you will only find
+the bibliography\Index{bibliography}, in some cases only the
+index\Index{index} and in other cases both of it in the appendix.
+Besides, the appendix is similar to the prefix.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{frontmatter}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{mainmatter}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{backmatter}%
+
+
+\subsection{Structuring the Document}\Index[indexmain]{structuring}
+\label{sec:maincls.structure}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{part}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{chapter}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{section}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{subsection}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{subsubsection}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{paragraph}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{subparagraph}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{part}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chapter}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{section}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subsection}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subsubsection}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{paragraph}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subparagraph}%
+The standard sectioning commands in {\KOMAScript} work quite similar
+to the standard classes. Normally the section headings show up in the
+table of contents exactly as they are entered in the text. The entry
+for the table of contents can be specified as an optional argument in
+front of the actual heading.
+\OnlyAt{\Class{scrartcl}}\Macro{chapter} only exists in book or
+report classes but not in article classes. In addition to this, the
+command \Macro{chapter} in {\KOMAScript} differs substantially from
+the version in the standard class. While in the standard classes every
+chapter number is used together with the prefix ``Chapter'' on a
+separate line above the heading, {\KOMAScript} only places the chapter
+number in front of the heading.
+
+Please note that \Macro{part} and \Macro{chapter} change the page
+style for one page. The applied page style in \KOMAScript{} is defined
+in \Macro{partpagestyle} and \Macro{chapterpagestyle} (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}).
+
+\BeginIndex[indexother]{}{font}%
+\BeginIndex[indexother]{}{font size}%
+The font of all headings\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} %
+can be changed with the commands
+\Macro{setkomafont}\IndexCmd{setkomafont} and
+\Macro{addtokomafont}\IndexCmd{addtokomafont} described in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.font}. First of all the element
+\FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} is used, which
+is followed by a specific element for every section level (see
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). The font for the element
+\FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} is predefined as
+\Macro{normalfont}\Macro{normalcolor}\Macro{sffamily}%
+\Macro{bfseries}. The default font size for the specific elements depends
+on the options \Option{bigheadings}, \Option{normalheadings} and
+\Option{smallheadings} (see \autoref{sec:maincls.fontOptions}). The
+defaults are listed in \autoref{tab:maincls.structureElementsFont}
+%
+\begin{table}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{tabular}{lll}
+ class option & element & default\\\hline\\[-1.6ex]
+ \Option{bigheadings}
+ & \FontElement{part}\IndexFontElement{part}
+ & \Macro{Huge} \\
+ & \FontElement{partnumber}\IndexFontElement{partnumber}
+ & \Macro{huge} \\
+ & \FontElement{chapter}\IndexFontElement{chapter}
+ & \Macro{huge} \\
+ & \FontElement{section}\IndexFontElement{section}
+ & \Macro{Large} \\
+ & \FontElement{subsection}\IndexFontElement{subsection}
+ & \Macro{large} \\
+ & \FontElement{subsubsection}%
+ \IndexFontElement{subsubsection}
+ & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{paragraph}\IndexFontElement{paragraph}
+ & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{subparagraph}\IndexFontElement{subparagraph}
+ & \Macro{normalsize} \\[1ex]
+ \Option{normalheadings}
+ & \FontElement{part} & \Macro{huge} \\
+ & \FontElement{partnumber} & \Macro{huge} \\
+ & \FontElement{chapter} & \Macro{LARGE} \\
+ & \FontElement{section} & \Macro{Large} \\
+ & \FontElement{subsection} & \Macro{large} \\
+ & \FontElement{subsubsection} & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{paragraph} & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{subparagraph} & \Macro{normalsize} \\[1ex]
+ \Option{smallheadings}
+ & \FontElement{part} & \Macro{LARGE} \\
+ & \FontElement{partnumber} & \Macro{LARGE} \\
+ & \FontElement{chapter} & \Macro{Large} \\
+ & \FontElement{section} & \Macro{large} \\
+ & \FontElement{subsection} & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{subsubsection} & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{paragraph} & \Macro{normalsize} \\
+ & \FontElement{subparagraph} & \Macro{normalsize}
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Default font sizes for different levels of document structuring}
+ \label{tab:maincls.structureElementsFont}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{Example}
+ Suppose you are using the class option \Option{bigheadings} and notice
+ that the very big headings of document parts are to bold. You could change
+ this as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{sectioning}{\normalcolor\sffamily}
+ \part{Appendices}
+ \addtokomafont{sectioning}{\bfseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Using the command above you only switch off the font attribute
+ \textbf{bold} for the heading ``Appendices''. A much more comfortable
+ and elegant solution is to change all \Macro{part} headings in one go.
+ This is done either by:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \addtokomafont{part}{\normalfont\sffamily}
+ \addtokomafont{partnumber}{\normalfont\sffamily}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ or using:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \addtokomafont{part}{\mdseries}
+ \addtokomafont{partnumber}{\mdseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The last version is to be preferred because it gives you the correct
+ result even when you change the \FontElement{sectioning}
+ element\IndexFontElement{sectioning} as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{sectioning}{\normalcolor\bfseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ With this change it is possible to set all section levels at once to not
+ longer use sans serif fonts.
+\end{Example}
+
+Please be warned of using the possibilities of font switching to mix
+fonts, font sizes and font attributes excessively. Picking the most
+suitable font for a given task is a hard thing even for professionals
+and has nothing to do with personal taste of beginners. Please refer
+to the citation at the end of \autoref{sec:typearea.tips} and the
+following explanation.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ It is possible to use different font types for different section levels
+ in {\KOMAScript}. As a typographical beginner you should refrain from
+ using these possibilities for typographical reasons. There is a rule
+ which states that you should mix fonts only as few as possible. Using
+ sans serif for headings seems already a breach of this rule. However,
+ you should know that bold, huge and serif letters are much to heavy for
+ headings. In general you would have to use a normal instead of a bold
+ or semi bold font. However, in deeper levels of the structuring a normal
+ font appears rather leight weighted. On the other hand sans serif fonts
+ in headings have a very pleasant appearance and are to be used only in
+ headings. That's why sans serif is the default in {\KOMAScript}. More
+ variety should be avoided. Font mixing is only for professionals. In
+ case you want to use other fonts than the standard \TeX-Fonts -- no
+ matter whether using CM \Index{CM fonts} or EC fonts\Index{EC fonts} --
+ you should consult an expert or redefine the font for the element
+ \FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} as seen in
+ the example above. You often find the combinations Times and Helvetica
+ or Palatino with Helvetica. The author of this documentation does not
+ favour these combinations.
+\end{Explain}
+\EndIndex[indexother]{}{font}%
+\EndIndex[indexother]{}{font size}%
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{part}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chapter}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{section}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subsection}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subsubsection}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{paragraph}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subparagraph}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{part*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{chapter*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{section*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{subsection*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{subsubsection*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{paragraph*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{subparagraph*}\Parameter{Heading}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{part*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chapter*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{section*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subsection*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subsubsection*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{paragraph*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subparagraph*}%
+All sectioning commands exist as ``starred'' versions. They produce
+section headings which do not show up in the table of
+contents\Index{table of contents}, in the page header\Index{header}
+and which are not numbered\Index{numbering}. Not using a headline
+often has an unwanted side effect. For example, if a chapter which is
+set using \Macro{chapter*} spans over several pages the headline of
+the chapter before comes up again. {\KOMAScript} offers a solution
+which is described below.
+\OnlyAt{\Class{scrartcl}}\Macro{chapter*} only exists in book and
+report classes which includes \Class{book}, \Class{scrbook},
+\Class{report} and \Class{scrreport}, but not the article classes
+\Class{article} and \Class{scrartcl}.
+
+Please note that \Macro{part} and \Macro{chapter} change the page
+style for one page. The applied style is defined in
+\Macro{partpagestyle} and \Macro{chapterpagestyle} in \KOMAScript{}
+(see \autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}).
+
+As for the possibilities of font switching\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} %
+the same explanations apply which were given above with the normal
+sectioning commands. The elements of structuring are named in the same
+way as the ``unstarred'' versions.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{part*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chapter*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{section*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subsection*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subsubsection*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{paragraph*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subparagraph*}%
+
+\iffalse In the standard classes there are no further sectioning commands. In
+particular, there are no commands which produce unnumbered chapters or
+sections which show up in the table of contents or in the page header. \fi
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{addpart}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{addpart*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{addchap}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{addchap*}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{addsec}\OParameter{Short version}\Parameter{Heading}\\
+ \Macro{addsec*}\Parameter{Heading}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addpart}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addpart*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addchap}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addchap*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addsec}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{addsec*}%
+In addition to the standard classes {\KOMAScript} offers the new
+commands \Macro{addsec} and \Macro{addchap}. They are similar to the
+standard commands \Macro{chapter} und \Macro{section} except the
+missing numbering. The produce both a running headline and an entry in
+the table of contents. The starred versions \Macro{addchap*} and
+\Macro{addsec*} are similar to the standard commands \Macro{chapter*}
+and \Macro{section*} apart from a tiny but important difference: The
+headlines are deleted. This eliminates the side effect of obsolete
+headers mentioned above. \OnlyAt{\Class{scrartcl}}\Macro{addchap}
+and \Macro{addchap*} of course only exist in book and report classes,
+namely \Class{book}, \Class{scrbook}, \Class{report} and
+\Class{scrreport}, but not in the article classes \Class{article} and
+\Class{scrartcl}.
+
+Similar to this, the command \Macro{addpart} produces an unnumbered
+document part with an entry in the table of contents. Since the
+headers are already deleted by \Macro{part} and \Macro{part*} the
+problem of obsolete headers doesn't exist. The starred version
+\Macro{addpart*} is identical to \Macro{part*} and is only defined for
+consistency reasons.
+
+Please note that \Macro{addpart} and \Macro{addchap} including their
+starred versions change the page style for one page. The particular
+page style is defined in the macros \Macro{partpagestyle} and
+\Macro{chapterpagestyle} (see \autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}).
+
+As for the possibilities of font switching\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} %
+the same explanations apply which were given above with the normal
+sectioning commands. The elements of structuring are named in the same
+way as the ``unstarred'' versions.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addpart}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addpart*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addchap}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addchap*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addsec}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{addsec*}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{minisec}\Parameter{Heading}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{minisec}%
+Sometimes a heading\Index{heading} is wanted which is highlighted but
+closely linked to the following text. Such a heading shouldn't be
+separated by a vertical skip.
+
+The command \Macro{minisec} is designed for this situation. This heading
+isn't linked to a level of structuring. Such a \emph{Mini-section}
+does not produce an entry in the table of contents nor does it receive
+any numbering.
+\begin{Example}
+ You have developed a kit for building a mouse trap and want the
+ documentation separated into the things needed and an assembly
+ description. Using \Macro{minisec} you could write the following:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \minisec{Items needed}
+
+ \begin{flushleft}
+ 1 plank ($100\times 50 \times 12$)\\
+ 1 spring-plug of a beer-bottle\\
+ 1 spring of a ball-point pen\\
+ 1 drawing pin\\
+ 2 screws\\
+ 1 hammer\\
+ 1 knife
+ \end{flushleft}
+
+ \minisec{Assembly}
+ At first one searches the mouse-hole and puts the
+ drawing pin directly behind the hole.
+ Thus the mouse cannot escape meanwhile the following
+ actions.
+
+ Afterwards one knocks in the spring-plug with the hammer
+ in the mouse-hole.
+ If the spring-plug's size is not big enough in order to
+ shut the mouse-hole entirely, then one can utilize
+ the plank instead and fasten it with the two screws
+ employing the knife on the mouse-hole.
+ Instead of the knife one can use a screw-driver as well.
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Which gives:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}[\baselineskip]\setlength{\parindent}{1em}
+ \minisec{Items needed}
+
+ \begin{flushleft}
+ 1 plank ($100\times 50 \times 12$)\\
+ 1 spring-plug of a beer-bottle\\
+ 1 spring of a ball-point pen\\
+ 1 drawing pin\\
+ 2 screws\\
+ 1 hammer\\
+ 1 knife
+ \end{flushleft}
+
+ \minisec{Assembly}
+ At first one searches the mouse-hole and puts the drawing pin
+ directly behind the hole. Thus the mouse cannot escape
+ meanwhile the following actions.
+
+ Afterwards one knocks in the spring-plug with the hammer
+ in the mouse-hole.
+ If the spring-plug's size is not big enough in order to
+ shut the mouse-hole entirely, then one can utilize
+ the plank instead and fasten it with the two screws
+ employing the knife on the mouse-hole.
+ Instead of the knife one can use a screw-driver as well.
+
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+\end{Example}
+
+The font type of the sectioning command \Macro{minisec} can only be
+changed using the element
+\FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} (see
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). There is no specific
+element for \Macro{minisec}. This means you can't change the font size
+manually.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{minisec}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{raggedsection}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{raggedsection}%
+In the standard classes headings are set as justified text. That means
+that hyphenated words can occur and headings with more than one line
+are stretched up to the text border. This is a rather uncommon
+approach in typography. {\KOMAScript} formats the headings left
+aligned with hanging indentation using \Macro{raggedsection} with the
+definition:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\raggedsection}{\raggedright}
+\end{verbatim}
+This command can be redefined with \Macro{renewcommand}.
+\begin{Example}
+ You prefer justified headings. You write in the preamble of your document:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\raggedsection}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ or short:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \let\raggedsection\relax
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ You will get a formatting of the headings which is very close to the
+ standard classes. Even closer it will get when you combine this change
+ with the change of the element
+ \FontElement{sectioning}\IndexFontElement{sectioning} mentioned
+ above.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{raggedsection}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{partformat}\\
+ \Macro{chapterformat}\\
+ \Macro{othersectionlevelsformat}\Parameter{section name}\\
+ \Macro{autodot}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{partformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chapterformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{othersectionlevelsformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{autodot}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ As you might know, for every counter in {\LaTeX} there is a command
+ \Macro{the}\PName{counter name}, which gives you the value of the
+ counter. Depending on the class the counter for a particular level
+ starting from \Macro{section} (\Class{book}, \Class{scrbook},
+ \Class{report}, \Class{scrreprt}) or \Macro{subsection}
+ (\Class{article}, \Class{scrartcl}) is composed of the counter for the
+ higher level followed by a dot and the arabic number of the
+ \PName{counter name} of the respective level.\par
+\end{Explain}
+
+\KOMAScript{} has added to the output of the section number a further
+logical level. The counter for the respective heading are formatted
+using \Macro{partformat}, \Macro{chapterformat} and
+\Macro{othersectionlevelsformat}.
+\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}}Of course the command
+\Macro{chapterformat} doesn't exist in the class \Class{scrartcl}.
+
+As described in \autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}
+{\KOMAScript} handles dots in section numbers according to
+\cite{DUDEN}. The command \Macro{autodot} makes sure that these rules
+are being followed. Except from \Macro{part} in all levels a dot is
+followed by a \Macro{enskip}. This is similar to a horizontal skip of
+\(0.5\Unit{em}\).
+
+The command \Macro{othersectionlevelsformat} takes the name of the
+section level, such as ``\PName{section}'', ``\PName{subsection}''
+\dots{}, as parameter. As default, only the levels \Macro{part} and
+\Macro{chapter} have formatting commands on their own, while all other
+section levels are covered by one formatting command only. This has
+historical reasons. At the time Werner Lemberg suggested a suitable
+extension of {\KOMAScript} for his \Package{CJK} package, only this
+differentiation was needed.
+
+The formatting commands can be redefined using \Macro{renewcommand} to
+fit them to your personal needs. The following original definitions
+are used by the {\KOMAScript} classes:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\partformat}{\partname~\thepart\autodot}
+ \newcommand*{\chapterformat}{%
+ \chapappifchapterprefix{\ }\thechapter\autodot\enskip}
+ \newcommand*{\othersectionlevelsformat}[1]{%
+ \csname the#1\endcsname\autodot\enskip}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{Example}
+ Assume you don't want the word ``Part'' written in front of the part number.
+ You could use the following command in the preamble of your document:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\partformat}{\thepart\autodot}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ In fact, you could do without \Macro{autodot} at this point and insert
+ a fixed point instead. As \Macro{part} is numbered with roman numbers,
+ according to \cite{DUDEN} a dot has to be applied. However, you would
+ give up the possibility to use one of the options
+ \Option{pointednumbers} und \Option{pointlessnumbers} then. More
+ details concerning class options you can find in
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}).
+
+ An additional possibility could be to place the section numbers
+ in the left margin. That can be done in a way that the heading
+ text is left aligned with the surrounding text.
+ This can be accomplished with:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\othersectionlevelsformat}[1]{%
+ \llap{\csname the#1\endcsname\autodot\enskip}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The almost unknown command \Macro{llap} in the definition above,
+ puts its argument left to the current possition without changing the
+ position.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{partformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chapterformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{othersectionlevelsformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{autodot}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{chapappifchapterprefix}\Parameter{additional text}\\
+ \Macro{chapapp}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chapappifchapterprefix}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chapapp}%
+These\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}}%
+\ChangedAt{v2.8o}{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} two commands
+are used internally by {\KOMAScript} and are also provided at the user
+interface. Using the layout option \Option{chapterprefix} (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions})
+\Macro{chapappifchapterprefix} issues the word
+``Chapter''\Index{chapter} in the main part of your document in the
+current language followed by \PName{additional text}. In the
+appendix\Index{appendix} instead, the word ``Appendix'' in the current
+language followed by \PName{additional text} is issued. Having set the
+option \Option{nochapterprefix} there is no additional output.
+
+The command \Macro{chapapp} always issues the word ``Chapter'' or
+``Appendix''. In this case the options \Option{chapterprefix} and
+\Option{nochapterprefix} have no effect.
+
+Since chapters only exist in the classes \Class{scrbook} and
+\Class{scrreprt} these commands only exist in these classes.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chapappifchapterprefix}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chapapp}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{chaptermark}\Parameter{Running head}\\
+ \Macro{sectionmark}\Parameter{Running head}\\
+ \Macro{subsectionmark}\Parameter{Running head}\\
+ \Macro{chaptermarkformat}\\
+ \Macro{sectionmarkformat}\\
+ \Macro{subsectionmarkformat}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chaptermark}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{sectionmark}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subsectionmark}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{chaptermarkformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{sectionmarkformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{subsectionmarkformat}%
+\begin{Explain}%
+ As mentioned in \autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle} the page style
+ \PValue{headings} works with running heads\Index{running
+ head}. For this, the commands \Macro{chaptermark} and
+ \Macro{sectionmark} as well as \Macro{sectionmark} and
+ \Macro{subsectionmark} respectively are defined. Every sectioning
+ command (\Macro{chapter}, \Macro{section}, \Macro{subsection} \dots)
+ automatically carries out the respective \Macro{\dots mark} command.
+ The parameter handed over takes the text of the section
+ heading\Index{heading}. The respective section number is added
+ automatically to the \Macro{\dots mark} command. The formatting is done
+ according to the section level with the command
+ \Macro{chaptermarkformat}, \Macro{sectionmarkformat} or
+ \Macro{subsectionmarkformat}.
+ \OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}}Of course there is no
+ command \Macro{chaptermark} or \Macro{chaptermarkformat} in
+ \Class{scrartcl}. \OnlyAt{\Class{scrartcl}}Accordingly
+ \Macro{subsectionmark} and the command \Macro{subsectionmarkformat}
+ only exist in \Class{scrartcl}. This changes when you use the
+ \Package{scrpage2} package (see \autoref{cha:scrpage}).\par
+\end{Explain}
+Similar to \Macro{chapterformat} and \Macro{othersectionlevelsformat} the
+commands \Macro{chaptermarkformat} (not at \Class{scrartcl}),
+\Macro{sectionmarkformat} and the command \Macro{subsectionmarkformat}
+(only at \Class{scrartcl}) define the formatting of the section numbers
+in running heads. They can be adapted to your personal needs with
+\Macro{renewcommand}. The original definitions from the {\KOMAScript}
+classes are:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\chaptermarkformat}{%
+ \chapappifchapterprefix{\ }\thechapter\autodot\enskip}
+ \newcommand*{\sectionmarkformat}{\thesection\autodot\enskip}
+ \newcommand*{\subsectionmarkformat}{%
+ \thesubsection\autodot\enskip}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{Example}
+ Suppose you want to combine the chapter number in the header with the word
+ ``Chapter''. For example you could insert in the preamble of your
+ document the following definition:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\chaptermarkformat}{%
+ \chapapp~\thechapter\autodot\enskip}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+As you can see both the commands \Macro{chapappifchapterprefix} and
+\Macro{chapapp} explained above are used.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chaptermark}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{sectionmark}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subsectionmark}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{chaptermarkformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{sectionmarkformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{subsectionmarkformat}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Counter{secnumdepth}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Counter}{secnumdepth}\BeginIndex{}{numbering}%
+As default in the classes \Class{scrbook}\IndexClass{scrbook} and
+\Class{scrreprt}\IndexClass{scrreprt} the section levels from
+\Macro{part}\IndexCmd{part}\IndexCmd{chapter}\IndexCmd{section} down
+to \Macro{subsection}\IndexCmd{subsection} and in the class
+\Class{scrartcl}\IndexClass{scrartcl} the levels from \Macro{part}
+down to \Macro{subsubsection}\IndexCmd{subsubsection} are numbered.
+This is controlled by the \LaTeX\ counter \Counter{secnumdepth}. The
+value \(-1\) represents \Macro{part}, \(0\) the level \Macro{chapter}
+and so on. Since in \Class{scrartcl} there is no \Macro{chapter} the
+counting in this class starts with \(0\) at the level \Macro{part}. By
+way of defining, decrementing or incrementing this counter you can
+determine down to which level the headings are numbered. The same
+applies in the standard classes. Please refer also to the explanations
+concerning the counter \Counter{tocdepth} in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.toc}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Counter}{secnumdepth}\EndIndex{}{numbering}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{setpartpreamble}%
+ \OParameter{position}\OParameter{width}\Parameter{preamble}\\
+ \Macro{setchapterpreamble}%
+ \OParameter{position}\OParameter{width}\Parameter{preamble}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setpartpreamble}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setchapterpreamble}%
+Parts\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} and chapters in
+{\KOMAScript} can be started with a \PName{preamble}. This is
+particularily useful when you are using a two column layout with the
+class option \Option{twocolumn}\IndexOption{twocolumn}. Together with
+the heading the \PName{preamble} is always set in a one column layout.
+The \PName{preamble} can comprise more than one paragraph. The command
+for issuing the \PName{preamble} has to be put in front of the
+respective \Macro{part}, \Macro{addpart}, \Macro{chapter} or
+\Macro{addchap} command.
+\begin{Example}
+ You are writing a report on the situation of a company. You organize
+ the report in such a way that every department gets its own partial report.
+ Every one of these parts should be introduced by a short abstract on the
+ title page. You could write the following:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setpartpreamble{%
+ \begin{abstract}
+ This is a blind text. This text should show, how a
+ printed text will look like at this place. If you
+ read this text, you will get no information.
+ \end{abstract}
+ }
+ \part{Department for Word Processing}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Depending on the settings for the heading\Index{heading} (see
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.fontOptions}) size and the \Environment{abstract}
+ environment\IndexEnv{abstract} (see
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}), the result would look similar
+ to:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}\centering
+ {\LARGE\usekomafont{sectioning} Part III.\par\vspace{20pt}}
+ {\LARGE\usekomafont{sectioning} Department for Word Processing\strut\par}
+ \begin{quote}\small
+ \vspace{3ex}
+ \begin{center}
+ \usekomafont{sectioning}\abstractname
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{2ex} This is a blind text. This text should show, how a
+ printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text,
+ you will get no information.
+ \end{quote}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+\end{Example}
+Please note that it is \emph{you} who is responsible for the spaces
+between the heading, preamble and the following text. Please note also
+that there is no \Environment{abstract} environment in the class
+\Class{scrbook} (see \autoref{sec:maincls.titles}).
+
+The\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} first
+optional argument \PName{position} determines the position at which
+the preamble is placed with the help of one or two letters. For the
+vertical placement there are two possibilities at present:
+\begin{description}
+\item [\quad\texttt{o}:] above the heading
+\item [\quad\texttt{u}:] below the heading
+\end{description}
+You can insert a preamble both above and below a heading. For the
+horizontal placement you have the choice between three alignments:
+\begin{description}
+\item [\quad\texttt{l}:] left-aligned
+\item [\quad\texttt{r}:] right-aligned
+\item [\quad\texttt{c}:] centered
+\end{description}
+However, this does not issue the text of the \PName{preamble} but
+inserts a box whose width is determined by the second optional
+argument \PName{width}. If you leave out this second argument the
+whole text width is used. In this case the option for horizontal
+positioning will have no effect. You can combine one letter from the
+vertical with one letter from the horizontal positioning.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setpartpreamble}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setchapterpreamble}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{dictum}\OParameter{author}\Parameter{dictum}\\
+ \Macro{dictumwidth}\\
+ \Macro{dictumauthorformat}\Parameter{author}\\
+ \Macro{raggeddictum}\\
+ \Macro{raggeddictumtext}\\
+ \Macro{raggeddictumauthor}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{dictum}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{dictumwidth}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{dictumauthorformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{raggeddictum}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{raggeddictumtext}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{raggeddictumauthor}%
+Apart\OnlyAt{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}}%
+\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{\Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}} from an
+introducing paragraph you can use \Macro{setpartpreamble} or
+\Macro{setchapterpreamble} for a kind of
+\PName{aphorism}\Index{aphorism} (also known as ``dictum'') at the
+beginning of a chapter or section. The command \Macro{dictum} inserts
+such an aphorism. This macro can be used as obligatory argument of
+either the command \Macro{setchapterpreamble} or
+\Macro{setpartpreamble}. However, this is not obligatory.
+
+The dictum together with an optional \PName{author} is inserted in a
+\Macro{parbox}\IndexCmd{parbox} (see \cite{latex:usrguide}) of the
+width \Macro{dictumwidth}. Yet \Macro{dictumwidth} is not a length
+which is set with \Macro{setlength}. It is a macro that can be
+redefined using \Macro{renewcommand}. Default setting is
+\verb;0.3333\textwidth;, which is a third of the textwidth. The box
+itself is positioned with the command \Macro{raggeddictum}. Default
+here is \Macro{raggedleft}\IndexCmd{raggedleft}. The command
+\Macro{raggeddictum} can be redefined using \Macro{renewcommand}.
+
+Within the box the \PName{dictum} is set using
+\Macro{raggeddictumtext}. Default setting is
+\Macro{raggedright}\IndexCmd{raggedright}. Similar to
+\Macro{raggeddictum} it can be redefined with \Macro{renewcommand}.
+The output uses the default font which is set for the element
+\FontElement{dictumtext}. It can be changed with the commands from
+\autoref{sec:maincls.font}. Default settings are listed in
+\autoref{tab:maincls.dictumfont}.
+
+If there is an \PName{author} it is separated from the \PName{dictum}
+by a line with the width of the \Macro{parbox}. This is defined by the
+macro \Macro{raggeddictumauthor}. Default is \Macro{raggedleft}. This
+command can also be redefined using \Macro{renewcommand}. The format
+of the output is defined with \Macro{dictumauthorformat}. This macro
+expects the \Macro{author} as argument. As default
+\Macro{dictumauthorformat} is defined as:
+\begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\dictumauthorformat}[1]{(#1)}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{small}
+Thus the \PName{author} is set in in round parenthesis. For the
+element \FontElement{dictumauthor} a different font as for the element
+\FontElement{dictumtext} can be defined. Default settings are listed
+in \autoref{tab:maincls.dictumfont}. Changes can be made using the
+commands from \autoref{sec:maincls.font}.
+%
+\begin{table}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{tabular}{ll}
+ Element & Default \\\hline\\[-1.6ex]
+ \FontElement{dictumtext} &
+ \Macro{normalfont}\Macro{normalcolor}\Macro{sffamily}\Macro{small}\\
+ \FontElement{dictumauthor} &
+ \Macro{itshape}\\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Default settings for the elements of a dictum}
+ \label{tab:maincls.dictumfont}
+\end{table}
+%
+If \Macro{dictum} is used within the macro \Macro{setchapterpreamble}
+or \Macro{setpartpreamble} you have to take care of the following: The
+horizontal positioning is always done with \Macro{raggeddictum}.
+Therefore, the optional argument for horizontal positioning, which is
+implemented for these two commands, has no effect. \Macro{textwidth}
+is not the width of the whole text corpus but the actually used text
+width. If \Macro{dictumwidth} is set to \verb;.5\textwidth; and
+\Macro{setchapterpreamble} has an optional width of
+\verb;.5\textwidth; too, you will get a box with a width of a quarter
+of the text width. Therefore, if you use \Macro{dictum} it is
+recommended to refrain from setting the optional width for
+\Macro{setchapterpreamble} or \Macro{setpartpreamble}.
+
+If you have more than one dictum you should separate them by an
+additional vertical space. You could easely use the command
+\Macro{bigskip}\IndexCmd{bigskip} for that.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ You are writing a chapter on an aspect of weather forecasting. You
+ have come across an aphorism which you would like to place at the
+ beginning of the chapter beneath the heading. You could write:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setchapterpreamble[u]{%
+ \dictum[Anonymous]{Forecasting is the art of saying
+ what is going to happen and then to explain
+ why it didn't.}}
+ \chapter{Weather forecasting}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The output would look as follows:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ {\usekomafont{sectioning}\usekomafont{chapter}%
+ 17\enskip Weather forecasting\par} \vspace{\baselineskip}
+ \dictum[Anonymous]{Forecasting is the art of saying what is going to
+ happen and then to explain why it didn't.}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+
+ If you would rather prefer the dictum to span over only a quarter of
+ the text width you can redefine \Macro{dictumwidth}:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\dictumwidth}{.25\textwidth}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+
+For a somewhat more sophisticated formatting of left- or right-aligned
+paragraphs including hyphenation you can use the
+package~\Package{ragged2e}~\cite{package:ragged2e}.
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{dictum}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{dictumwidth}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{dictumauthorformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{raggeddictum}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{raggeddictumtext}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{raggeddictumauthor}%
+
+
+\subsection{Footnotes}
+\label{sec:maincls.footnotes}
+
+Footnotes are not limited to the main part of the document. Since
+footnotes\Index{footnotes} are mainly used in the main text they are
+being covered in this section.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{footnote}\OParameter{number}\Parameter{text}\\
+ \Macro{footnotemark}\OParameter{number}\\
+ \Macro{footnotetext}\OParameter{number}\Parameter{text}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{footnote}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{footnotemark}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{footnotetext}%
+Similar to the standard classes footnotes in {\KOMAScript} are
+produced with the \Macro{footnote} command.
+An alternative is the usage in pairs of the commands
+\Macro{footnotemark} and \Macro{footnotetext}.
+As in the standard classes it is possible that a page break occurs
+within a footnote. Normally this happens if the footnote mark is
+placed near the bottom of a page thus leaving \LaTeX\ no choice as to
+break the page at this point.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{footnote}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{footnotemark}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{footnotetext}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{deffootnote}\OParameter{mark width}%
+ \Parameter{indent}%
+ \Parameter{parindent}\Parameter{definition}\\
+ \Macro{deffootnotemark}\Parameter{definition}\\
+ \Macro{thefootnotemark}\\
+ \Macro{textsuperscript}\Parameter{text}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{deffootnote}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{deffootnotemark}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{thefootnotemark}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{textsuperscript}%
+Formatting footnotes in {\KOMAScript} is slightly different to the
+standard classes. As in the standard classes the footnote mark in the
+text is formed as a small number in superscript. The same formatting
+is used in the footnote itself.
+
+The mark in the footnote is type-set right-aligned in a box
+with width \PName{mark width}. The first line of the footnote
+follows directly.
+
+All following lines will be indented by the length of
+\PName{indent}. If the optional parameter \PName{mark width}
+was not specified, then it defaults to \PName{indent}.
+If the footnote consists of more than one paragraph, then the
+first line of a paragraph is indented in addition to \PName{indent}
+by the value of \PName{parindent}.
+\begin{figure}
+\centering\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
+\begin{picture}(100,22)
+ \thinlines
+ % frame of following paragraph
+ \put(5,0){\line(1,0){90}}
+ \put(5,0){\line(0,1){5}}
+ \put(10,5){\line(0,1){5}}\put(5,5){\line(1,0){5}}
+ \put(95,0){\line(0,1){10}}
+ \put(10,10){\line(1,0){85}}
+ % frame of first paragraph
+ \put(5,11){\line(1,0){90}}
+ \put(5,11){\line(0,1){5}}
+ \put(15,16){\line(0,1){5}}\put(5,16){\line(1,0){10}}
+ \put(95,11){\line(0,1){10}}
+ \put(15,21){\line(1,0){80}}
+ % box of the footnote mark
+ \put(0,16.5){\framebox(14.5,4.5){\mbox{}}}
+ % description of paragraphs
+ \put(45,16){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\textsf{first paragraph of a footnote}}}
+ \put(45,5){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\textsf{next paragraph of a footnote}}}
+ % help lines
+ \thicklines
+ \multiput(0,0)(0,3){7}{\line(0,1){2}}
+ \multiput(5,0)(0,3){3}{\line(0,1){2}}
+ % parameters
+ \put(2,7){\vector(1,0){3}}
+ \put(5,7){\line(1,0){5}}
+ \put(15,7){\vector(-1,0){5}}
+ \put(15,7){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\small\PName{parindent}}}
+ %
+ \put(-3,13){\vector(1,0){3}}
+ \put(0,13){\line(1,0){5}}
+ \put(10,13){\vector(-1,0){5}}
+ \put(10,13){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\small\PName{indent}}}
+ %
+ \put(-3,19){\vector(1,0){3}}
+ \put(0,19){\line(1,0){14.5}}
+ \put(19.5,19){\vector(-1,0){5}}
+ \put(19.5,19){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\small\PName{mark width}}}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Parameters that control the footnote layout}
+\label{fig:maincls.deffootnote}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure \ref{fig:maincls.deffootnote} illustrates the layout parameters
+ones more. The default configuration of \KOMAScript{} is:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \deffootnote[1em]{1.5em}{1em}
+ {\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\Macro{textsuperscript} causes both the superscript and the smaller
+font size. \Macro{thefootnotemark} is the current footnote mark
+without any formatting.
+
+The\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} font element
+\FontElement{footnote}\IndexFontElement{footnote} determines the font
+of the footnote including the footnote mark. Using the element
+\FontElement{footnotelabel}\IndexFontElement{footnotelabel} the font
+of the footnote mark can be changed separately with the commands
+mentioned in \autoref{sec:maincls.font} Please refer also to the
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}. Default setting is no
+changing of the font.
+
+The footnote mark in the text is defined separately with
+\Macro{deffootnotemark}. Default setting is:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \deffootnotemark{%
+ \textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}
+\end{verbatim}
+Above\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} the font
+for the element
+\FontElement{footnotereference}\IndexFontElement{footnotereference} is
+applied (see \autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). Thus the
+footnote marks in the text and the footnote itself are identical. The
+font can be changed with the commands described in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.font}.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ A feature often asked for are footnote marks which are neither in
+ superscript nor in a smaller font size. They should not touch the
+ footnote text but have a small space in between. This can be
+ accomplished as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \deffootnote{1.5em}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\ }
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The footnote mark and the space is set right-aligned into a
+ box of the width 1\Unit{em}. The following lines of the footnote
+ text is also indented by 1\Unit{em} from the left margin.
+
+ Another often requested footnote layout are left-aligned
+ footnote marks. These can be reached with:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \deffootnote{1.5em}{1em}{%
+ \makebox[1.5em][l]{\thefootnotemark}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+
+ If you want however change the font for all footnotes, for example
+ to sans serif, you can simply solve this problem using the commands
+ from \autoref{sec:maincls.fontOptions}:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{footnote}{\sffamily}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+As demonstrated with the examples above the simple user interface of
+{\KOMAScript} provides a great variety of different footnote
+formattings.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{deffootnote}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{deffootnotemark}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{thefootnotemark}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{textsuperscript}%
+
+
+\subsection{Lists}
+\label{sec:maincls.lists} \BeginIndex[indexother]{}{lists}
+
+Both {\LaTeX} and the standard classes offer different environments
+for lists. Though slightly changed or extended all these list are of
+course offered in {\KOMAScript} as well. In general all lists -- even
+of different kind -- can be nested up to four levels. From a
+typographical view, anything more would make no sense. Even more than
+three levels are hard to perceive. Recommendation in these cases is to
+split your huge list in several small ones.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{itemize}\\
+ \Macro{item}\\
+ \Macro{labelitemi}\\
+ \Macro{labelitemii}\\
+ \Macro{labelitemiii}\\
+ \Macro{labelitemiv}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{itemize}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelitemi}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelitemii}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelitemiii}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelitemiv}%
+The most simple form of a list is an \Environment{itemize} list.
+Depending on the level {\KOMAScript} uses the following marks:
+"`{\labelitemi}"', "`{\labelitemii}"', "`{\labelitemiii}"' and
+"`{\labelitemiv}"'. The definition of these symbols is specified in
+the macros \Macro{labelitemi}, \Macro{labelitemii},
+\Macro{labelitemiii} and \Macro{labelitemiv}. All of this macros can
+be redefined using \Macro{renewcommand}. Every item is introduced with
+\Macro{item}.
+\begin{Example}
+ You have a simple list which is nested in several levels. You write
+ for example:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \minisec{Vehicles}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item aeroplans
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item biplane
+ \item jets
+ \item transport planes
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item single-engined
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{jet-driven}
+ \item{propeller-driven}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item multi-engined
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item helicopter
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item automobiles
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item racing car
+ \item private car
+ \item lorry
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item bicycles
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As output you get:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}[\baselineskip]
+ \minisec{Vehicles}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item aeroplans
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item biplane
+ \item jets
+ \item transport planes
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item single-engined
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{jet-driven}
+ \item{propeller-driven}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item multi-engined
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item helicopter
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item automobiles
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item racing car
+ \item private car
+ \item lorry
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item bicycles
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{itemize}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelitemi}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelitemii}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelitemiii}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelitemiv}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{enumerate}\\
+ \Macro{item}\\
+ \Macro{theenumi}\\
+ \Macro{theenumii}\\
+ \Macro{theenumiii}\\
+ \Macro{theenumiv}\\
+ \Macro{labelenumi}\\
+ \Macro{labelenumii}\\
+ \Macro{labelenumiii}\\
+ \Macro{labelenumiv}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{enumerate}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{theenumi}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{theenumii}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{theenumiii}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{theenumiv}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelenumi}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelenumii}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelenumiii}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{labelenumiv}%
+Another form of a list often used is a numbered list which is already
+implemented by the {\LaTeX} kernel. Depending on the level the
+numbering\Index{numbering} uses the following characters: arabic
+numbers, small letters, small roman numerals and capital letters. The
+kind of numbering is defined with the macros \Macro{theenumi} down to
+\Macro{theenumiv}. The output format is determined by the macros
+\Macro{labelenumi} to \Macro{labelenumiv}. While the small letter of
+the second level is followed by a round parenthesis, the values of all
+other levels are followed by a dot. Every item is introduced with
+\Macro{item}.
+\begin{Example}
+ Replacing every occurence of an \Environment{itemize} environment
+ with an \Environment{enumerate} environment in the example above we
+ get the following result:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}[\baselineskip]
+ \minisec{Vehicles}
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item aeroplans
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item biplane
+ \item jets
+ \item transport planes
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item single-engined
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item{jet-driven}\label{xmp:maincls.jets}
+ \item{propeller-driven}
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item multi-engined
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item helicopter
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item automobiles
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item racing car
+ \item private car
+ \item lorry
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item bicycles
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ Using \Macro{label} within a list you can set labels which are
+ referenced with \Macro{ref}. In the example above a label
+ was set after the jet-driven, single-engined transport plane with
+ \Macro{label}\PParameter{xmp:jets}. The \Macro{ref} value is then
+ \ref{xmp:maincls.jets}.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{enumerate}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{theenumi}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{theenumii}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{theenumiii}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{theenumiv}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelenumi}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelenumii}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelenumiii}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{labelenumiv}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{description}\\
+ \Macro{item}\OParameter{item}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{description}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+Another list form is the description list. Its main use is the
+description of several items. The item itself is an optional parameter
+in \Macro{item}. The font\Index{font}\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}}%
+, which is responsible for emphasizing the item can be changed with
+the commands for the element
+\FontElement{descriptionlabel}\IndexFontElement{descriptionlabel} (see
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}) described in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.font}. Default setting is
+\Macro{sffamily}\Macro{bfseries}.
+\begin{Example}
+ Instead of items in sans serif and bold you want them printed in the
+ standard font in bold. Using
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{descriptionlabel}{\normalfont\bfseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ you redefine the font accordingly.
+
+ An example for a description list is the output of the page styles
+ listed in \autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}. The heavily
+ abbreviated source code is:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{description}
+ \item[empty] is the page style without
+ any header or footer
+ \item[plain] is the page style without running headline.
+ \item[headings] is the page style with running headline.
+ \item[myheadings] is the page style for manual headline.
+ \end{description}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ This abbreviated version gives:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ \begin{description}
+ \item[empty] is the page style without any header or footer
+ \item[plain] is the page style without running headline.
+ \item[headings] is the page style with running headline.
+ \item[myheadings] is the page style for manual headline.
+ \end{description}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{description}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{labeling}\OParameter{delimiter}\Parameter{widest pattern}\\
+ \Macro{item}\OParameter{key word}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{labeling}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+An additional form of a description list in {\KOMAScript} is the
+\Environment{labeling} environment. In difference to the
+\Environment{description} environment you can provide a pattern, which
+determines the indentation of all items. Furthermore you can put an
+optional \PName{delimiter} between item and description.
+\begin{Example}
+ Slightly changing the example from the \Environment{description}
+ environment we could write:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{labeling}[~--]{%
+ \usekomafont{descriptionlabel}myheadings}
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}empty]
+ Page style without header and footer
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}plain]
+ Page style for chapter beginnings without headline
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}headings]
+ Page style for running headline
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}myheadings]
+ Page style for manual headline
+ \end{labeling}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As result we get:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ \begin{labeling}[~--]{\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}myheadings}
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}empty]
+ Page style without header and footer
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}plain]
+ Page style for chapter beginnings without headline
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}headings]
+ Page style for running headline
+ \item[\usekomafont{descriptionlabel}myheadings]
+ Page style for manual headline
+ \end{labeling}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ As can be seen in this example a font changing command has to be
+ repeated both in the pattern and in the optional parameter in every
+ \Macro{item} command in this environment.
+\end{Example}
+Originally this environment was implemented for things like ``Given
+is\dots, Asked is\dots, Solution'' that are often used in hand-outs.
+By now this environment has found many different applications. For
+example the environment for examples in this guide was defined with
+the \Environment{labeling} environment.
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{labeling}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{item}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{verse}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{verse}%
+Normally the \Environment{verse} environment isn't perceived as a list
+environment because you don't work with \Macro{item} commands. Instead
+fixed line breaks are used like within the \Environment{flushleft}
+environment. Yet internally in both the standard classes as well
+as {\KOMAScript} it is a list environment.
+
+In general the \Environment{verse} environment is used for
+poems\Index{poems}. Lines are indented both left and right. Single
+verses are ended by a fixed line break \verb|\\|. Verses are set as a
+paragraph, thus separated by an empty line. Often also
+\Macro{medskip}\IndexCmd{medskip} or \Macro{bigskip}\IndexCmd{bigskip}
+is used instead. To avoid a page break at the end of a line you insert
+\verb|\\*| instead of \verb|\\|.
+\begin{Example}
+ As example the first lines of ``Little Red Riding Hood and the
+ Wolf'' by Roald Dahl:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{verse}
+ As soon as Wolf began to feel\\*
+ that he would like a decent meal,\\*
+ He went and knocked on Grandma's door.\\*
+ When Grandma opened it, she saw\\*
+ The sharp white teeth, the horrid grin,\\*
+ And Wolfie said, 'May I come in?'
+ \end{verse}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The result would like as follows:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ \begin{verse}
+ As soon as Wolf began to feel\\*
+ That he would like a decent meal,\\*
+ He went and knocked on Grandma's door.\\*
+ When Grandma opened it, she saw\\*
+ The sharp white teeth, the horrid grin,\\*
+ And Wolfie said, 'May I come in?'
+ \end{verse}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ Yet if you have very long lines \verb|\\*| can not prevent a page
+ break within a verse. That would be possible here for example:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ \begin{verse}
+ Both the philosoph and the house-owner have always
+ something to repair\\
+ \bigskip
+ Don't trust a men, my son, who tells you that he has never lain.
+ \end{verse}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+
+ These two verses were separated by a \Macro{bigskip}.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{verse}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{quote}\\
+ \Environment{quotation}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{quote}%
+\BeginIndex{Env}{quotation}%
+These two environments are also list environments and can be found
+both in the standard and the {\KOMAScript} classes. Both environments
+use justified text which is indented both on the left and right side.
+Usually they are used to separate long citations\Index{citations} from
+the main text. The difference between these two lies in the matter how
+paragraphs are typeset. While \Environment{quote} paragraphs are
+highlighted by vertical space, in \Environment{quotation} paragraphs
+the first line is indented. This is also true for the first line of a
+\Environment{quotation} environment. To get around this behaviour you
+have to insert a \Macro{noindent} command\IndexCmd{noindent} in front.
+\begin{Example}
+ You want to highlight a short anecdote. You write the following
+ \Environment{quotation} environment for this:
+ %
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ A small example for a short anecdote:
+ \begin{quotation}
+ The old year was turning brown; the West Wind was
+ calling;
+
+ Tom caught the beechen leaf in the forest falling.
+ ``I've caught the happy day blown me by the breezes!
+ Why wait till morrow-year? I'll take it when me pleases.
+ This I'll mend my boat and journey as it chances
+ west down the withy-stream, following my fancies!''
+
+ Little Bird sat on twig. ``Whillo, Tom! I heed you.
+ I've a guess, I've a guess where your fancies lead you.
+ Shall I go, shall I go, bring him word to meet you?''
+ \end{quotation}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The result is:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ A small example for a short anecdote:
+ \begin{quotation}
+ The old year was turning brown; the West Wind was
+ calling;
+
+ Tom caught the beechen leaf in the forest falling.
+ ``I've caught the happy day blown me by the breezes!
+ Why wait till morrow-year? I'll take it when me pleases.
+ This I'll mend my boat and journey as it chances
+ west down the withy-stream, following my fancies!''
+
+ Little Bird sat on twig. ``Whillo, Tom! I heed you.
+ I've a guess, I've a guess where your fancies lead you.
+ Shall I go, shall I go, bring him word to meet you?''
+ \end{quotation}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ %
+ Using a \Environment{quote} environment instead you get:
+ %
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ A small example for a short anecdote:
+ \begin{quote}\setlength{\parskip}{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
+ The old year was turning brown; the West Wind was
+ calling;
+
+ Tom caught the beechen leaf in the forest falling.
+ ``I've caught the happy day blown me by the breezes!
+ Why wait till morrow-year? I'll take it when me pleases.
+ This I'll mend my boat and journey as it chances
+ west down the withy-stream, following my fancies!''
+
+ Little Bird sat on twig. ``Whillo, Tom! I heed you.
+ I've a guess, I've a guess where your fancies lead you.
+ Shall I go, shall I go, bring him word to meet you?''
+ \end{quote}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ %
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{quote}%
+\EndIndex{Env}{quotation}%
+
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{addmargin}\OParameter{left indentation}\Parameter{indentation}\\
+ \Environment{addmargin*}\OParameter{inner indentation}\Parameter{indentation}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Env}{addmargin}%
+Similar to \Environment{quote} and \Environment{quotation} the
+\Environment{addmargin} environment changes the margin\Index{margin}.
+Different to the first two environments using \Environment{addmargin}
+the user can influence the width of the indentation. Furthermore this
+environment doesn't change the indentation of the first line and the
+vertical spacing between paragraphs.
+
+If only the obligatory argument \PName{indentation} is given, both the
+left and right margin are expanded by this value. If the optional
+argument \PName{indentation} is given the value \PName{left
+ indentation} is added to \PName{indentation} at the left margin.
+
+The starred \Environment{addmargin*} only differs from the normal
+version in a twoside layout. In addition the difference only occurs if
+the optional argument \PName{inner indentation} is used. In this case
+this value is added to the normal inner indentation. Then the value of
+\PName{indentation} determines the width of the opposite margin.
+
+Both versions of this environment take also negative values for all
+parameters. This has the effect of expanding the environment into the
+margin.
+\begin{Example}
+ Suppose you write a documentation which includes short source code
+ examples. To highlight these you want them separated from the text
+ by a horizontal line and slightly spanning into the outer
+ margin. First you define the environment:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newenvironment{SourceCodeFrame}{%
+ \begin{addmargin*}[1em]{-1em}%
+ \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}%
+ \rule{\linewidth}{2pt}%
+ }{%
+ \rule[.25\baselineskip]{\linewidth}{2pt}%
+ \end{minipage}%
+ \end{addmargin*}%
+ }
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ If you now put your source code in such an environment it will show
+ up as:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ \newenvironment{SourceCodeFrame}{%
+ \begin{addmargin*}[1em]{-1em}%
+ \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}%
+ \rule{\linewidth}{2pt}%
+ }{%
+ \rule[.25\baselineskip]{\linewidth}{2pt}%
+ \end{minipage}%
+ \end{addmargin*}%
+ }
+ You define yourself the following environment:
+ \begin{SourceCodeFrame}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newenvironment{\SourceCodeFrame}{%
+ \begin{addmargin*}[1em]{-1em}%
+ \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}%
+ \rule{\linewidth}{2pt}%
+}{%
+ \rule[.25\baselineskip]{\linewidth}{2pt}%
+ \end{minipage}%
+ \end{addmargin*}%
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{SourceCodeFrame}
+ This may be feasible or not. In any way it shows the usage of this
+ environment.
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ The optional argument of the \Environment{addmargin*} environment
+ makes sure that the inner margin is extended by 1\Unit{em}. In turn
+ the outer margin is decreased by 1\Unit{em}. The result is a shift
+ by 1\Unit{em} to the outside. Instead of \PValue{1em} you can use a
+ length of, for example, \PValue{2\Macro{parindent}} of course.
+\end{Example}
+There is one problem with the \Environment{addmargin*} which you
+should be aware of. If a page break occurs within an
+\Environment{addmargin*} environment the indentation on the following
+page is on the wrong side. This means that suddenly the \PName{inner
+ indentation} is applied on the outside of the page. Therefore it is
+recommended to prevent page breaks within this environment. This can
+be achieved by using an additional \Macro{parbox} or, as in the
+example above, a \Environment{minipage}. This makes use of the fact
+that neither the argument of a \Macro{parbox} nor the content of a
+\Environment{minipage} is broken at the end of a page. Unfortunately
+this is not without disadvantages: In some cases pages can't be filled
+correctly which has the effect of several warnings.
+
+By the way, whether a page is going to be on the left or right side of
+the book can't be determined in the first \LaTeX\ compiling for sure.
+For details please refer to the explanation for the command
+\Macro{ifthispageodd}.
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{addmargin}%
+
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ One concluding note to the list environments: In the internet and
+ support it is often asked why such an environment is followed by a
+ indented\Index{indentation} paragraph. In fact this is the result of
+ demanding a new paragraph. In \LaTeX\ empty lines are interpreted as
+ a new paragraph. This is also the case before and after list
+ environments. Thus, if you want a list environment to be set within
+ a paragraph you have to omit empty lines before and after. To
+ separate this environment from the rest of your text nevertheless,
+ you can insert a comment line which only consists of a percent
+ character in the {\LaTeX} source.
+\end{Explain}
+\EndIndex[indexother]{}{lists}
+
+\subsection{Margin Notes}
+\label{sec:maincls.marginNotes}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{marginpar}\OParameter{margin note left}\Parameter{margin note}\\
+ \Macro{marginline}\Parameter{margin note}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{marginpar}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{marginline}%
+Usually margin notes\Index[indexmain]{margin notes} in {\LaTeX} are
+inserted with the command \Macro{marginpar}. They are placed in the
+outer margin. In documents with oneside layout the right border is
+used. Though \Macro{marginpar} optionally can take a different margin
+note in case the output is on the left margin, margin notes are always
+in justified layout. But many users prefer left- or right-aligned
+margin notes instead. {\KOMAScript} offers the command
+\Macro{marginline} for that.
+\begin{Example}
+ At several places in this documentation you find the classes mentioned
+ written in the margin. This can be produced\footnote{In fact, instead
+ of \Macro{texttt}, a semantic highlighting was used. To avoid confusion
+ this was replaced in the example.} with:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \marginline{\texttt{scrartcl}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+
+ Instead of \Macro{marginline} you could have used \Macro{marginpar}
+ too. In fact the first command is implemented internally as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \marginpar[\raggedleft\texttt{scrartcl}]
+ {\raggedright\texttt{scrartcl}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ Eventually \Macro{marginline} is only an abbreviating writing of the
+ code above.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\begin{Explain}
+ Unfortunately \Macro{marginpar} doesn't always work correctly in the
+ twoside\Index{twoside} layout. Whether a margin note is going to show
+ up on the left or right is already decided while evaluating the command
+ \Macro{marginpar}. If the output routine now shifts the margin note
+ onto the next page the alignment isn't correct anymore. This behaviour
+ is deeply founded within {\LaTeX} and was therefore declared a feature
+ by the \LaTeX3 team. \Macro{marginline} suffers from this ``feature''
+ too.\par
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{marginpar}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{marginline}%
+
+
+\subsection{Tables and Figures}
+\label{sec:maincls.floats}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ With the floating environments {\LaTeX} offers a very capable and
+ comfortable mechanism for automatic placement of
+ figures\Index{figures} and tables\Index{tables}. But often these
+ floating environments\Index[indexmain] {floating environments} are
+ slightly misunderstood by beginners. They often ask for a fixed
+ position of a table or figure within the text. As these floating
+ environments are being referenced in the text this is not necessary
+ in most cases. It is not sensible too because such an object can
+ only be set on the page if there is enough space left. If this is
+ not the case the object would have to be shifted onto the next page
+ leaving a huge space on the page before.
+
+ Often in many documents the same optional argument for positioning
+ an object is found with every floating object. This also makes no
+ sense. In such cases you should change the standard parameters
+ globally. For more details refer to \cite{DANTE:FAQ}.\par
+\end{Explain}
+
+One last important note before starting this section: The most
+mechanisms described here which extend the capabilities of the
+standard classes do not work correctly when used together with
+packages which interfere with the typesetting of captions of figures
+and tables. This should be without saying but is often neglected.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{caption}\OParameter{entry}\Parameter{title}\\
+ \Macro{captionbelow}\OParameter{entry}\Parameter{title}\\
+ \Macro{captionabove}\OParameter{entry}\Parameter{title}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{caption}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{captionabove}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{captionbelow}%
+In the standard classes captions of tables and figures are inserted
+with the \Macro{caption} command below the table or figure. In general
+this is correct with figures. Opinions differ as to whether captions
+of tables are to be placed above or together with captions of
+figures\Index{captions of figures} below the table\Index{captions of
+ tables}. That's the reason why \KOMAScript{}, unlike the standard
+classes, offers \Macro{captionbelow} for captions below and
+\Macro{captionabove} for captions above tables or figures. Using
+\Macro{caption} together with figures always produces captions below
+the figure whereas the behaviour of \Macro{captionbelow} can be
+modified using the options
+\Option{tablecaptionabove}\IndexOption{tablecaptionabove} and
+\Option{tablecaptionbelow}\IndexOption{tablecaptionbelow} (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}). For compatibility
+reasons the default behaviour of \Macro{caption} together with tables
+is similar to \Macro{captionbelow}.
+%
+\begin{Example}
+ Instead of using captions below the table you want to place your
+ captions above it\Index{table caption}, because you have tables
+ which span over more then one page. In the standard classes you
+ could only write:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{table}
+ \caption{This is an example table}
+ \begin{tabular}{llll}
+ This & is & an & example.\\\hline
+ This & is & an & example.\\
+ This & is & an & example.
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Then you would get the unsatisfying result:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}\centering
+ {\usekomafont{caption}{\usekomafont{captionlabel}\tablename~30.2:}
+ This is an example table.}\\
+ \begin{tabular}{llll}
+ This & is & an & example.\\\hline
+ This & is & an & example.\\
+ This & is & an & example.
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{ShowOutput}
+ Using \KOMAScript{} you write instead:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{table}
+ \captionabove{This is just an example table}
+ \begin{tabular}{llll}
+ This & is & an & example.\\\hline
+ This & is & an & example.\\
+ This & is & an & example.
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Then you get:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}\centering
+ {\usekomafont{caption}{\usekomafont{captionlabel}\tablename~30.2:}
+ This is just an example table}\\\vskip\abovecaptionskip
+ \begin{tabular}{llll}
+ This & is & an & example.\\\hline
+ This & is & an & example.\\
+ This & is & an & example.
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+
+ Since you want all your tables typeset with captions above you could
+ of course use the option \Option{tablecaptionabove} instead (see
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}). Then you can use
+ \Macro{caption} as you would in the standard classes. You will get
+ the same result as with \Macro{captionabove}.
+\end{Example}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ Some would argue that you could achieve the same result using the
+ \Macro{topcaption} from the \Package{topcapt}
+ package\IndexPackage{topcapt} (see \cite{package:topcapt}). But that
+ is not the case. The command \Macro{topcaption} is neglected by
+ packages which directly redefine the \Macro{caption} macro. The
+ \Package{hyperref} package (see \cite{package:hyperref}) is one example
+ for this. In \KOMAScript{} \Macro{captionabove} and
+ \Macro{captionbelow} are implemented so, that the changes have an
+ effect on both of these commands.
+
+ If the \Package{longtable} package\IndexPackage{longtable} is used
+ \KOMAScript{} makes sure that captions above tables which are placed
+ within a \Environment{longtable} environment have the same
+ appearance as in a normal \Environment{table} environment. This also
+ means that you can apply the same settings as in a
+ \Environment{table} environment. Please note that in the
+ \Package{longtable} package the maximum width of a table caption can
+ be limited and the default is set to 4\Unit{in} (see
+ \cite{package:longtable}). Using \KOMAScript{} this mechanism in
+ \Package{longtable} only works when the class option
+ \Option{origlongtable} is set (see
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}). If
+ \Package{caption2}\IndexPackage{caption2} (see
+ \cite{package:caption2}) is loaded, table captions are handled by
+ this package.
+
+ Please note that \Macro{captionabove} and \Macro{captionbelow} if placed
+ within a \Environment{float} environment which was defined using the
+ \Package{float}\IndexPackage{float} package have the same behaviour as
+ described in \cite{package:float} for the \Macro{caption} command. In this
+ case, only the float style determines whether it is a caption below or above
+ the figure or table.
+\end{Explain}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Environment{captionbeside}\OParameter{entry}%
+ \Parameter{title}\OParameter{placement}\OParameter{width}%
+ \OParameter{offset}\\%
+ \Environment{captionbeside}\OParameter{entry}%
+ \Parameter{title}\OParameter{placement}\OParameter{width}%
+ \OParameter{offset}\PValue{*}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Env}{captionbeside}%
+Apart\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} from
+captions above and below the figure you often find captions, in
+particular with small figures, which are placed beside the figure. In
+general in this case both the baseline of the figure and the caption
+are aligned at the bottom. With some fiddling and the use of two
+\Macro{parbox} commands this could be achieved in the standard
+classes. But \KOMAScript{} offers a special environment for this
+problem. This environment can be used within the floating environment.
+The first optional parameter \PName{entry} and the obligatory
+parameter \PName{title} are similar to the parameters of
+\Macro{caption}, \Macro{captionabove} or \Macro{captionbelow}. The
+\PName{title} is placed beside the content of the environment in this
+case.
+
+Whether the \PName{title} is placed left or right can be determined by
+the parameter \PName{placement}. One of the following letters is
+accepted:
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{labeling}[--~]{\PValue[o]}
+\item[\PValue{l}] left
+\item[\PValue{r}] right
+\item[\PValue{i}] inner margin in twoside layout
+\item[\PValue{o}] outer margin in twoside layout
+\end{labeling}
+\end{quote}
+Default setting is at the right side of the content of the
+environment. If either \PValue{o} or \PValue{i} are used you have to
+run {\LaTeX} twice to get the correct placement.
+
+As default the content of the environment and the \PName{title} fill
+the whole available text width. However, using the optional parameter
+\PName{width} it is possible to adjust the used width. This width
+could even be more than the current text width.
+
+When supplying a \PName{width} the used width is centered with respect
+to the text width. Using the optional parameter \PName{offset} you can
+shift the environment relative to the left margin. A positive value
+corresponds to a shift to the right whereas a negative value
+corresponds to a shift to the left. An \PName{offset} of 0\Unit{pt}
+gives you a left-aligned output.
+
+Adding a star to the optional parameter \PName{offset} the value means
+a shift relative to the right margin on left pages in double sided
+layout. A positive value corresponds to a shift towards the outer
+margin whereas a negative value corresponds to a shift towards the
+inner margin. An \PName{offset} of 0\Unit{pt} means alignment with the
+inner margin. As mentioned before, in some cases it takes two \LaTeX{}
+runs for this to work correctly.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ An example for the usage of the \Environment{captionbeside} environment
+ can be found in \autoref{fig:maincls.captionbeside}.
+ This figure was typeset with:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \begin{captionbeside}[Example for a figure description]%
+ {A figure description which is neither above nor
+ below, but beside the figure}[i][\linewidth][2em]*
+ \fbox{%
+ \parbox[b][5\baselineskip][c]{.25\textwidth}{%
+ \hspace*{\fill}\KOMAScript\hspace*{\fill}\par}}
+ \end{captionbeside}
+ \label{fig:maincls.captionbeside}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \begin{captionbeside}[Example for a figure description]%
+ {A figure description which is neither above nor
+ below, but beside the figure}[i][\linewidth][2em]*
+ \fbox{%
+ \parbox[b][5\baselineskip][c]{.25\textwidth}{%
+ \hspace*{\fill}\KOMAScript\hspace*{\fill}\par}}
+ \end{captionbeside}
+ \label{fig:maincls.captionbeside}
+ \end{figure}
+ Thus, the width is the current available width
+ \PValue{\Macro{linewidth}}. However, this width is shifted
+ \PValue{2em} to the outside. The title or the description is placed
+ inside beside the figure. Therefore, the figure itself is shifted
+ 2\Unit{em} into the margin.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Env}{captionbeside}
+
+
+\BeginIndex[indexother]{}{font style}
+The font style\ChangedAt{v2.8p}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} for the
+description and the label~-- ``Figure'' or ``Table'' followed by the
+number and the delimiter -- can be changed with the commands mentioned
+in \autoref{sec:maincls.font}. The respective elements for this
+are \FontElement{caption}\IndexFontElement{caption} and
+\FontElement{captionlabel}\IndexFontElement{captionlabel} (see
+\autoref{tab:maincls.elementsWithoutText}). First the font style
+for the element \FontElement{caption} is applied on the element
+\FontElement{captionlabel} too. After this the font style of
+\FontElement{captionlabel} is applied on the respective element. The
+default settings are listed in \autoref{tab:maincls.captionFont}.
+%
+\begin{table}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{tabular}{ll}
+ element & default \\\hline\\[-1.75ex]
+ \FontElement{caption} & \Macro{normalfont} \\
+ \FontElement{captionlabel} & \Macro{normalfont}
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Font defaults for the elements of figure or table captions}
+ \label{tab:maincls.captionFont}
+\end{table}
+%
+\begin{Example}
+ You want the table and figure descriptions typeset in a smaller font
+ size. Thus you could write the following in the preamble of your
+ document:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \addtokomafont{caption}{\small}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Furthermore, you would like the labels to be printed in sans serif and
+ bold. You add:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\sffamily\bfseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As you can see, simple extensions of the default definitions are
+ possible.
+\end{Example}
+\EndIndex[indexother]{}{font style}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{caption}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{captionabove}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{captionbelow}%
+
+
+\begin{Explain}
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \PValue{komaabove}\\
+ \PValue{komabelow}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Floatstyle}{komaabove}%
+\BeginIndex{Floatstyle}{komabelow}%
+Using\OnlyAt{\Package{float}} the \Package{float}\IndexPackage{float} package
+the appearance of the float environments is solely defined by the \emph{float}
+style. This includes the fact whether captions above or below are used. In the
+\Package{float} package there is no predefined style which gives you the same
+output and offers the same setting options (see below) as \KOMAScript{}.
+Therefore \KOMAScript{} defines the two additional styles \PValue{komaabove}
+and \PValue{komabelow}. When using the \Package{float} package both these
+styles can be activated as the styles \PValue{plain}\IndexFloatstyle{plain},
+\PValue{boxed}\IndexFloatstyle{boxed} or \PValue{ruled}\IndexFloatstyle{ruled}
+in \Package{float} are defined. For details refer to \cite{package:float}.
+The style \PValue{komaabove} inserts \Macro{caption}, \Macro{captionabove} and
+\Macro{captionbelow} above whereas \PValue{komabelow} inserts them below the
+float content.
+%
+\EndIndex{Floatstyle}{komaabove}%
+\EndIndex{Floatstyle}{komabelow}%
+\end{Explain}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{captionformat}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{captionformat}%
+In {\KOMAScript} there are different ways to change the formatting of
+the description. The definition of different font styles was already
+explained above. This or the caption delimiter between the label and
+the label text itself is specified in the macro \Macro{captionformat}.
+In difference to all other \Macro{\dots}format commands in this case
+it doesn't contain the counter but the items which follow it. The
+original definition is:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\captionformat}{:\ }
+\end{verbatim}
+This too can be changed with \Macro{renewcommand}.
+\begin{Example}
+ For some inexplicable reasons you want a dash with spaces before and
+ after instead of a colon followed by a space as label delimiter. You
+ define:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\captionformat}{~--~}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ This definition you should put in the preamble of your document.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{captionformat}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{figureformat}\\
+ \Macro{tableformat}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{figureformat}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{tableformat}%
+It was already mentioned that \Macro{captionformat} doesn't contain a
+formatting for the label itself. But this label shouldn't in any case
+be changed using redefinitions of the commands for the output of
+counters, \Macro{thefigure} or \Macro{thetable}. Such a redefinition
+would have unwanted side effects on the output of \Macro{ref} or, for
+example, of the list of figures. For this case {\KOMAScript} offers
+two \Macro{\dots format} commands instead. These are predefined as
+follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\figureformat}{\figurename~\thefigure\autodot}
+ \newcommand*{\tableformat}{\tablename~\thetable\autodot}
+\end{verbatim}
+They also can be adapted to your personal preferences with
+\Macro{renewcommand}.
+\begin{Example}
+ From time to time label texts without any label and delimiter are
+ wanted. In {\KOMAScript} it takes only the following definitions to
+ achieve this:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand*{\figureformat}{}
+ \renewcommand*{\tableformat}{}
+ \renewcommand*{\captionformat}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{figureformat}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{tableformat}%
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{setcapindent}\Parameter{indent}\\
+ \Macro{setcapindent*}\Parameter{xindent}\\
+ \Macro{setcaphanging}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setcapindent}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setcapindent*}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setcaphanging}%
+As mentioned previously, in the standard classes the captions are set
+in a not-hanging style. That means that in descriptions with more than
+one line the second and subsequent lines start directly beneath the
+label. There is no straight way in the standard classes to change
+this behaviour. In {\KOMAScript}, on the contrary, beginning at the
+second line all lines are indented by the width of the label.
+
+This behaviour which corresponds to the usage of \Macro{setcaphanging}
+can easily be changed by using the command \Macro{setcapindent} or
+\Macro{setcapindent*}. Here the parameter \PName{Einzug} determines
+the indentation of the second and subsequent lines.
+
+If you want a line break before the label and the description you
+define the indentation \PName{xindent} of the description with the
+starred version of the command instead: \Macro{setcapindent*}.
+
+Using a negative value of \PName{indent} instead, a page break is
+inserted and only the first line but not the subsequent lines are
+indented by \(-\PName{indent}\).
+
+Whether one-line captions are set as captions with more than one line
+or are treated separately is specified with the class options
+\Option{onelinecaption} and \Option{noonelinecaption}. For details
+please refer to the explanations of this options in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ As examples please refer to the
+ figures~\ref{fig:maincls.caption.first} to
+ \ref{fig:maincls.caption.last}. As you can see the usage of a
+ complete hanging indentation is not preferable together with a small
+ column width:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \setcapindent{1em}
+ \fbox{\parbox{.95\linewidth}{\centering{\KOMAScript}}}
+ \caption{Examples with slightly indented caption
+ starting at the second line}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As can be seen the formatting can also be changed locally within the
+ \Environment{figure} environment\IndexEnv{figure}.
+ \begin{figure}
+ \typeout{^^J--- Ignore underfull and overfull \string\hbox:}
+ \addtokomafont{caption}{\small}
+ \addtokomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{minipage}{.9\linewidth}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{.48\linewidth}\sloppy
+ \fbox{\parbox{.95\linewidth}{\centering{\KOMAScript}}}
+ \caption[Example for figure caption]%
+ {\sloppy Equivalent to the standard setting, similar to the
+ usage of \Macro{setcaphanging}}
+ \label{fig:maincls.caption.first}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hspace{.02\linewidth}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{.48\linewidth}\sloppy
+ \setcapindent{1em}
+ \fbox{\parbox{.95\linewidth}{\centering{\KOMAScript}}}
+ \caption[Example for figure caption]%
+ {With slightly hanging indentation starting at the second line
+ using \Macro{setcapindent}\PParameter{1em}}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+ \vspace*{2ex}\noindent%
+ \begin{minipage}{.9\linewidth}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{.48\linewidth}\sloppy
+ \setcapindent*{1em}
+ \fbox{\parbox{.95\linewidth}{\centering{\KOMAScript}}}
+ \caption[Example for a figure caption]%
+ {With hanging indentation starting at the second line and line
+ break before the description using
+ \Macro{setcapindent*}\PParameter{1em}}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hspace{.02\linewidth}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{.48\linewidth}\sloppy
+ \setcapindent{-1em}
+ \fbox{\parbox{.95\linewidth}{\centering{\KOMAScript}}}
+ \caption[Example for a figure caption]%
+ {With indentation in the second line only and line break
+ before the description using
+ \Macro{setcapindent}\PParameter{-1em}}
+ \label{fig:maincls.caption.last}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \typeout{^^J--- Don't ignore underfull and overfull
+ \string\hbox:^^J}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setcapindent}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setcapindent*}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setcaphanging}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{setcapwidth}\OParameter{justification}\Parameter{width}\\
+ \Macro{setcapmargin}\OParameter{margin left}\Parameter{margin}\\
+ \Macro{setcapmargin*}\OParameter{margin inside}\Parameter{margin}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setcapwidth}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setcapmargin}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setcapmargin*}%
+Using\ChangedAt{v2.8q}{%
+ \Class{scrbook}\and\Class{scrreprt}\and\Class{scrartcl}} these three
+commands you can specify the width and justification of the label
+text. In general the whole text or column width is available for the
+description.
+
+With the command \Macro{setcapwidth} you can decrease this
+\PName{width}. The obligatory argument determines the \PName{with} of
+the description. As an optional argument you can supply one letter
+which specifies the horizontal justification. The possible
+justifications are given in the following list.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{labeling}[--~]{\PValue[o]}
+\item[\PValue{l}] left-aligned
+\item[\PValue{c}] centered
+\item[\PValue{r}] right-aligned
+\item[\PValue{i}] alignment at the inner margin in a double sided output
+\item[\PValue{o}] alignment at the outer margin in a double sided output
+\end{labeling}
+\end{quote}
+The justification inside and outside corresponds to left-aligned and
+right-aligned respectively in single sided output. Within
+\Package{longtable}\IndexPackage{longtable} tables the justification
+inside or outside doesn't work correctly. In particular the captions
+of tables of subsequent pages are aligned corresponding to the first
+part of the table. This is a problem which has its roots in the
+implementation of \Package{longtable}.
+
+With the command \Macro{setcapmargin} you can specify a \PName{margin}
+which is to be left free next to the description in addition to the
+normal text margin. If you want margins with different widths at the
+left and right side you can specify these using the optional argument
+\PName{margin left}. The starred version \Macro{setcapmargin*} defines
+instead of a \PName{margin left} a \PName{margin inside} in a double
+sided layout. In case of \Package{longtable}\IndexPackage{longtable}
+tables you have to deal with the same problem with justification
+inside or outside as mentioned with the macro \Macro{setcapwidth}.
+Furthermore the usage of \Macro{setcapmargin} or \Macro{setcapmargin*}
+switches the option \Option{noonelinecaption} (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}) for the descriptions which
+are typeset with this margin setting.
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ \Package{longtable} places the description in a box, which is issued
+ again at the subsequent pages if needed. While treating a box the
+ macros needed for the creation of it aren't run through
+ again. That's why it is not possible for \KOMAScript{} to swop
+ margin settings in double sided layout on even pages. This would be
+ necessary to produce a justification which is shifted towards the
+ outside or inside.
+
+ You can also submit negative values for \PName{margin} and
+ \PName{margin right} or \PName{margin outside}. This has the effect
+ of the description spanning into the margin.
+\end{Explain}
+
+\begin{Example}
+ A rather odd problem is a figure caption which is both centered and
+ of the same width as the figure itself. If the width of the figure
+ is known the solution with \KOMAScript{} is quite easy. Suppose the
+ figure has a width of 8\Unit{cm}, it only takes:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setcapwidth[c]{8cm}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ directly in front of \Macro{caption} or \Macro{captionbelow}. If it
+ is unknown first you have to define a length in the preamble of your
+ document:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newlength{\figurewidth}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Having done this you can calculate the width directly with the
+ \LaTeX{} command \Macro{settowidth} (see \cite{latex:usrguide})
+ in many cases. A possible solution would look as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \centering%
+ \settowidth{\figurewidth}{%
+ \fbox{\hspace{1em}\KOMAScript\hspace{1em}}%
+ }%
+ \fbox{\hspace{1em}\KOMAScript\hspace{1em}}%
+ \setcapwidth[c]{\figurewidth}
+ \caption{Example of a centered caption below the figure}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ However, it is awkward to write the content twice and to use
+ \Macro{setcapwidth} with every figure. But nothing is easier than
+ defining a new command in the preamble of your document which
+ hides the three steps:
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item Defining the width of the argument
+ \item Specifying the width of the caption
+ \item Output of the argument
+ \end{enumerate}
+ in:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand{\figure2}[1]{%
+ \settowidth{\figurewidth}{#1}%
+ \setcapwidth[c]{\figurewidth}%
+ #1}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Using this command the example abbreviates to:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \centering%
+ \figure2{\fbox{\hspace{1em}\KOMAScript\hspace{1em}}}%
+ \caption{Example of a centered caption below the figure}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+
+ But a command has the disadvantage that errors in the macros of the
+ argument in case of arguments with more than one line aren't
+ reported with the very correct line number by \LaTeX{}. In these
+ cases the usage of an environment has advantages. But then the
+ question is raised how the width of the content of the environment
+ can be determined. The solution offers the \Environment{lrbox}
+ environment, which is described in \cite{latex:usrguide}:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newsavebox{\figurebox}
+ \newenvironment{FigureDefinesCaptionWidth}{%
+ \begin{lrbox}{\figurebox}%
+ }{%
+ \end{lrbox}%
+ \global\setbox\figurebox=\box\figurebox%
+ \aftergroup\setfigurebox%
+ }
+ \newcommand{\setfigurebox}{%
+ \figure2{\usebox{\figurebox}}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ This definition uses the macro \Macro{figure2} defined above. In
+ the main text you write:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{FigureDefinesCaptionWidth}
+ \fbox{\hspace{1em}\KOMAScript\hspace{1em}}
+ \end{FigureDefinesCaptionWidth}
+ \caption{Example of a centered caption below the figure}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ Admittingly, the environment in this example is not necessary. But
+ its definition using \Macro{global} is quite clever. Most users
+ wouldn't be able to define such an environment without help. But as
+ this can be very useful, it was introduced in the example above.
+
+ If the \Environment{captionbeside} environment wouldn't exist you
+ could nevertheless place the figure caption beside the figure in a
+ quite simple way. For this \Macro{setfigurebox} from the example
+ above would have to be redefined first:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \renewcommand{\setfigurebox}{%
+ \settowidth{\captionwidth}{\usebox{\figurebox}}%
+ \parbox[b]{\captionwidth}{\usebox{\figurebox}}%
+ \hfill%
+ \addtolength{\captionwidth}{1em}%
+ \addtolength{\captionwidth}{-\hsize}%
+ \setlength{\captionwidth}{-\captionwidth}%
+ \setcapwidth[c]{\captionwidth}%
+ }
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ As the next step you only have to put the \Macro{caption} command in
+ a \Macro{parbox} too:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \centering%
+ \begin{FigureSetsCaptionWidth}
+ \fbox{\rule{0pt}{5\baselineskip}%
+ \hspace{1em}\KOMAScript\hspace{1em}}
+ \end{FigureSetsCaptionWidth}
+ \parbox[b]{\figurewidth}{%
+ \caption{Example of a centered caption
+ below the figure}
+ }
+ \end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The \Macro{rule} command in this example only serves as an unvisible
+ support to produce an example figure with a greater vertical height.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setcapwidth}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setcapmargin}%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setcapmargin*}%
+
+
+\subsection{Logical Markup of Text}
+\label{sec:maincls.emphasis}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ \LaTeX{} offers different possibilities for logical
+ markup\Index{logical markup}\Index{markup} of text. In a sense, a
+ heading is a kind of markup too. However, in this section we are
+ only concerned with direct markup, i.e. markup which doesn't have an
+ additional meaning and which can be used for different
+ purposes. More details to the normally defined possibilities you can
+ find in \cite{lshort}, \cite{latex:usrguide} and
+ \cite{latex:fntguide}.
+\end{Explain}
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{textsubscript}\Parameter{text}
+\end{Declaration}
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{textsubscript}%
+In \autoref{sec:maincls.footnotes} the command
+\Macro{textsuperscript}\IndexCmd{textsuperscript} was already
+introduced which is a part of the \LaTeX{} kernel. Unfortunately
+\LaTeX{} itself doesn't offer a command to produce a text in
+subscript\Index{text, subscript}\Index{subscript} instead of
+superscript\Index{text, superscript}\Index{superscript}. \KOMAScript{}
+defines \Macro{textsubscript} for this.
+%
+\begin{Example}
+ You are writing a text on the human metabolism. From time to time
+ you have to mention some simple sum formulas in which the
+ numbers are in subscript. Being convinced from logical markup you
+ first define in the document preamble or in a separate package:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\Molek}[2]{#1\textsubscript{#2}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ \newcommand*{\Molek}[2]{#1\textsubscript{#2}}
+ Using this you then write:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ The cell produces its energy from reaction of
+ \Molek C6\Molek H{12}\Molek O6 and \Molek O2 to
+ \Molek H2\Molek O{} and \Molek C{}\Molek O2.
+ However, Arsenic (\Molek{As}{}) has a detrimental
+ effect on the metabolism.
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The output looks as follows:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ The cell produces its energy from reaction of \Molek C6\Molek
+ H{12}\Molek O6 and \Molek O2 to \Molek H2\Molek O{} and \Molek
+ C{}\Molek O2. However, Arsenic (\Molek{As}{}) has a detrimental
+ effect on the metabolism.
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+ Some time later you decide that the sum formulas should be
+ typeset in sans serif. Now you can see the advantages of a
+ consequent logical markup. You only have the redefine the
+ \Macro{Molek} command:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\Molek}[2]{\textsf{#1\textsubscript{#2}}}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ \renewcommand*{\Molek}[2]{\textsf{#1\textsubscript{#2}}}
+ Now the output in the whole document changes to:
+ \begin{ShowOutput}
+ The cell produces its energy from reaction of \Molek C6\Molek
+ H{12}\Molek O6 and \Molek O2 to \Molek H2\Molek O{} and \Molek
+ C{}\Molek O2. However, Arsenic (\Molek{As}{}) has a detrimental
+ effect on the metabolism.
+ \end{ShowOutput}
+\end{Example}
+\begin{Explain}
+ In the example above the writing ``\verb|\Molek C6|'' is used. This
+ makes use of the fact that arguments which consist of only one
+ character doesn't have to be enclosed in parenthesis. That's why
+ ``\verb|\Molek C6|'' is similar to ``\verb|\Molek{C}{6}|''. You
+ might already know this from indices or powers in mathematical
+ environments, such as ``\verb|$x^2$|'' instead of ``\verb|$x^{2}$|''
+ for ``$x^2$''.
+\end{Explain}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{textsubscript}%
+
+
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Appendix}
+\label{sec:maincls.appendix}
+
+The last part of a document usually contains the
+appendix\Index{appendix}, the bibliography\Index{bibliography} and, if
+necessary, the index\Index{index}.
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{appendix}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{appendix}%
+The appendix in the standard as well as the {\KOMAScript} classes is
+introduced with \Macro{appendix}. This command switches, among other
+things, the chapter numbering to upper case letters thus making sure
+that the rules according to \cite{DUDEN} are being followed. These
+rules are explained in more detail in the description of the class
+options \Option{pointednumbers} and \Option{pointlessnumbers} in
+\autoref{sec:maincls.formattingOptions}.
+
+Please note that \Macro{appendix} is a command, \emph{not} an
+environment! This command does not need an argument. The sectioning
+commands in the appendix are used in the same way as in the main part.
+
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{appendix}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{appendixmore}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{appendixmore}%
+There is a peculiarity within the \Macro{appendix} command in the
+{\KOMAScript} classes. In case the command \Macro{appendixmore} is
+defined, \Macro{appendix} is executed too. Internally the
+{\KOMAScript} classes \Class{scrbook} and \Class{scrreprt} take
+advantage of this behaviour for implementing the options
+\Option{appendixprefix} and \Option{noappendixprefix} (see
+\autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}). You should take care of this
+in case you are going to define or redefine the \Macro{appendixmore}
+by yourself. In case one of these options is set, you will receive an
+error message when using
+\verb|\newcommand{\appendixmore}{|\dots\verb|}|. This is thought to
+prevent you from changing options without noticing.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ You do not want the chapters in the main part of the classes
+ \Class{scrbook} or \Class{scrreprt} to be introduced by a prefix line
+ (see layout options \Option{chapterprefix} and \Option{nochapterprefix}
+ in \autoref{sec:maincls.layoutOptions}). For being consistent you
+ do not want such a line in the appendix either. Instead you would like
+ to see the word "`Chapter"' in the language of your choice written in
+ front of the chapter letter and, simultaneously, in the page headings.
+ Instead of using the layout options \Option{appendixprefix} or
+ \Option{noappendixprefix}, you would define in the document preamble:
+%
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\appendixmore}{%
+ \renewcommand*{\chapterformat}{%
+ \appendixname~\thechapter\autodot\enskip}
+ \renewcommand*{\chaptermarkformat}{%
+ \appendixname~\thechapter\autodot\enskip}
+ }
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+%
+ In case you are going to change your mind and want to use the option
+ \Option{appendixprefix} at a later state, you will get an error
+ message because of the already defined \Macro{appendixmore} command.
+ This prevents the definition mentioned above from changing the
+ settings already set using \Option{chapterprefix} and
+ \Option{nochapterprefix}.
+
+ It is also possible to get a similar behaviour of the appendix for
+ the class \Class{scrartcl}. You would write in the preamble of your
+ document:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \newcommand*{\appendixmore}{%
+ \renewcommand*{\othersectionlevelsformat}[1]{%
+ \ifthenelse{\equal{##1}{section}}{\appendixname~}{}%
+ \csname the##1\endcsname\autodot\enskip}
+ \renewcommand*{\sectionmarkformat}{%
+ \appendixname~\thesection\autodot\enskip}
+ }
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ In addition the package \Package{ifthen}\IndexPackage{ifthen} (see
+ \cite{package:ifthen}) is required.
+
+ Redefined commands are explained in more detail in
+ \autoref{sec:maincls.structure}.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{appendixmore}%
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{setbibpreamble}\Parameter{Pr\"{a}ambel}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setbibpreamble}%
+The command \Macro{setbibpreamble} can be used for setting a preamble
+for the bibliography\Index{bibliography}. This can be achieved by
+placing the preamble before the command for issuing the bibliography.
+However, it doesn't have to be directly in front of it. For example it
+could be placed at the beginning of the document. Similar to the class
+options \Option{bibtotoc} and \Option{bibtotocnumbered} this command
+can only be successful if you haven't loaded a package which prevents
+this by redefining the \Environment{thebibliography} environment.
+Though the \Package{natbib} package \IndexPackage{natbib} unauthorized
+uses internal macros of {\KOMAScript} it could be made sure that
+\Macro{setbibpreamble} works with the current version of
+\Package{natbib} (see \cite{package:natbib}).
+
+\begin{Example}
+ You want to point out that the sorting of the references in the
+ bibliography is not according to their occuring in the text but in
+ alphabetical order. You use the following command:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setbibpreamble{References are in alphabetical order.
+ References with more than one author are sorted
+ according to the first author.}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ The \Macro{bigskip}\IndexCmd{bigskip} command makes sure that the
+ preamble and the first reference are separated by a big skip.
+
+ Another usage of the preamble in the bibliography would be setting
+ the references ragged right. Just put the preamble as follows:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setbibpreamble{\raggedright}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+ You can have a look at the result in the bibliography of this guide.
+\end{Example}
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setbibpreamble}
+
+
+\begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{setindexpreamble}
+\end{Declaration}%
+\BeginIndex{Cmd}{setindexpreamble}%
+Similar to the bibliography you can use a preamble in the index. This
+is often the case if you have more than one index or if you use
+different kinds of referencing by highlighting the page numbers in
+different ways.
+
+\begin{Example}
+ You have a document in which terms are both defined an used. The
+ page numbers of definitions are in bold. Of course you want to make
+ your reader aware of this fact. Thus you insert a preamble in the
+ index:
+ \begin{small}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \setindexpreamble{In \textbf{bold} printed page numbers
+ are references to the definition of terms.\par\bigskip}
+\end{verbatim}
+ \end{small}
+\end{Example}
+%
+Please note that the page style of the first page of the index is
+changed. The applied page style is defined in the macro
+\Macro{indexpagestyle}(see \autoref{sec:maincls.pageStyle}).
+The production, sorting and output of the index is done by the
+standard \LaTeX{} packages and additional programs. Similar to the
+standard classes {\KOMAScript} only provides the basic macros and
+environments.
+%
+\EndIndex{Cmd}{setindexpreamble}%
+
+
+\section{Obsolete Commands}
+\label{sec:maincls.obsolete}
+
+\begin{Explain}
+ In this section you will find commands, which should not be used any
+ more. They are part of older \KOMAScript{} versions. For compatibility
+ reasons they can still be used in the new \KOMAScript{} release. There
+ are new mechanisms and user interfaces however, which you should use
+ instead. The reason for listing the obsolete macros in this
+ documentation is to aid users with understanding old documents.
+ Furthermore, package authors are free to use these macros in the future.
+
+ \begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{capfont} \\
+ \Macro{caplabelfont}
+ \end{Declaration}
+ \BeginIndex{Cmd}{capfont}%
+ \BeginIndex{Cmd}{caplabelfont}%
+ The macro \Macro{capfont} sets the font which is used for captions
+ in tables and figures. The macro \Macro{caplabelfont} sets the font
+ which is used for the label and numbering of tables and pictures.
+ Please use element \FontElement{caption} and
+ \FontElement{captionlabel} of the current \KOMAScript{} instead
+ which are described in \autoref{sec:maincls.font}.
+%
+ \EndIndex{Cmd}{capfont}%
+ \EndIndex{Cmd}{caplabelfont}%
+
+ \begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{descfont}
+ \end{Declaration}
+ \BeginIndex{Cmd}{descfont}%
+ This macro sets the font for the optional item arguments of an
+ \Environment{description} environment. Please use element
+ \FontElement{descriptionlabel} instead, which are described in
+ section ~\ref{sec:maincls.font}.
+%
+ \EndIndex{Cmd}{descfont}%
+
+ \begin{Declaration}
+ \Macro{sectfont}
+ \end{Declaration}
+ \BeginIndex{Cmd}{sectfont}%
+ This macro sets the font which is used for all section headings, the
+ main title an the highest level below \Macro{part} in the table of
+ contents. Use element \FontElement{sectioning} instead, which is
+ described in more detail in \autoref{sec:maincls.font}.
+%
+ \EndIndex{Cmd}{sectfont}%
+
+\end{Explain}
+
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Authors}
+\label{sec:maincls.authors}
+
+The authors listed below are responsible for this chapter or have
+contributed to this chapter in different ways.
+% In folgender Aufzaehlung den Namen des Autors, der fuer das Kapitel
+% verantwortlich ist bitte mit \textbf{} hervorheben.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Frank Neukam
+\item \textbf{Markus Kohm} \TextEMail{Markus.Kohm@gmx.de}
+\item Axel Sommerfeldt
+\item \textit{Jo\~{a}o Canas Ferreira}
+\item \textit{Georg Grandke}
+\end{itemize}
+
+%%% Local Variables:
+%%% mode: latex
+%%% TeX-master: "main"
+%%% End: