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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/tb1401.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/tb1401.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d8b0903592 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/tb1401.tex @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment +% +% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors +% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved. +% +% This file is part of the Babel system. +% -------------------------------------- +% +% It may be distributed and/or modified under the +% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 +% of this license or (at your option) any later version. +% The latest version of this license is in +% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +% version 2003/12/01 or later. +% +% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained". +% +% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams. +% +% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is +% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional +% information. +% +% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution +% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with +% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution. +% \fi +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% @TeX-file{ +%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams", +%%% version = "1.02", +%%% date = "06 January 1997", +%%% time = "23:18:11 MET", +%%% filename = "tb1401.tex", +%%% address = "TeXniek, +%%% Kersengaarde 33 +%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer +%%% The Netherlands", +%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19", +%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95", +%%% checksum = "33086 238 1209 9472", +%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)", +%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +%%% keywords = "", +%%% supported = "yes", +%%% abstract = "", +%%% docstring = "The update article on babel that appeared +%%% in TUGboat Volume 14 No 1. +%%% +%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 +%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the +%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word +%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and +%%% characters. This is produced by Robert +%%% Solovay's checksum utility.", +%%% } +%%% ==================================================================== +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} +\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{% + \documentclass{ltugboat} + \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1} + \def\midrtitle{} + \def\PrelimDraftfooter{} + \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle + \setcounter{page}{60} + }{% + \documentclass{article} + \newcommand\address[1]{} + \newcommand\netaddress[1]{} + \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}} + \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax} + \newcommand{\plain}{\texttt{plain}}} +\usepackage{shortvrb} +\MakeShortVerb{\|} +% +\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}} +\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}} +\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}} +\makeatletter +% ------------------------------------------------- +% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi +% ------------------------------------------------- +{\obeyspaces% +\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces% +\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}} +\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup} +% +{\catcode`\|=\z@ \catcode`\\=12|gdef|bslash{\}} +% +\makeatother +\newcommand{\bsl}{\protect\bslash} + + +\begin{document} +\title{An update on the \babel\ system} +\author{Johannes Braams} +\address{% + \TeX niek\\ + Kersengaarde 33\\ + 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\ + The Netherlands} +\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl} +\date{06 January 1997 \\ + Version 1.02} +\maketitle + +\begin{abstract} + This article describes the changes that have been made to the + \babel\ system, since the article describing the system appeared in + \TUB\ Volume 12, number 2. This article announces the release of a + new version of the \babel\ system. +\end{abstract} + +\section{Introduction} + +Since the publication of the \babel\ system in \TUB~\cite{bab} several +changes have occurred. With the new release of \LaTeX\ -- which +appeared at the end of 1991 -- the internationalised version I\LaTeX, +prepared by Joachim Schrod~\cite{ilatex} was withdrawn. But some of +its functionality was still needed, so a modification of the \babel\ +system was necessary. + +Besides this a couple of bugs were reported and had to be fixed. The +major problem was that the language changing commands were not +`local', they contained global definitions. In the current version +these commands obey grouping correctly. + +Some macros that formerly were in language-specific files have been +moved to the core of the system, because they are being used in +several language-specific files. + +\section{Changes to the core of \babel} + +The changes to the core of the \babel\ system are the most extensive. + +\subsection*{{\tt\bsl selectlanguage}} +The \babel\ user-command |\selectlanguage| now also accepts a control +sequence as its argument. This was included to provide compatibility +for users who were used to the syntax of the original +\file{german.tex}, but wanted to switch to \babel. The escape +character is `peeled off' and the name of the control sequence is then +used as the name of the language to select. + +Another change to the |\selectlanguage| macro is that it now stores +the name of the current language in the control sequence +|\languagename|. The contents of this control sequence could be tested +in the following way: + +\begin{verbatim} + \edef\tmp{\string english} + \ifx\languagename\tmp + ... + \else + ... + \fi +\end{verbatim} + +The construction with |\string| is necessary because +|\languagename| returns the name with characters of category code +\texttt{12} (other). + +\subsection*{Saving macro definitions} + +A new way of handling macros that are temporarily \emph{re}defined was +developed by Bernd Raichle and included in the core of the \babel\ +system. Two new macros, for use in the language-specific files have +been introduced.\\ +These macros, |\babel@savevariable|\meta{register} and +|\babel@save|\meta{macro}, append code to |\originalTeX|. This code +restores the value (or meaning) of what was saved when |\originalTeX| +was executed. + +\subsection*{Special characters} + +Some of the language-specific files introduce one or more characters +that are special in some way. Such characters have to be added to +|\dospecials| (and |\@sanitize| too for \LaTeX) whenever their special +meaning is activated. But, they may have to be removed again when +another language, which doesn't use them, is in effect. + +To this end two new control sequences, that are meant to be used in +the language-specific files are introduced. They are +|\babel@add@special| and |\babel@remove@special| and perform the +necessary tasks. + +\subsection*{Additional facilities} + +A specific request from Joachim Schrod for \babel, was the possibility +to extend the definition of a control sequence on the fly. It should, +for instance, be possible that the user adds a macro of his own to the +definition of |\extrasenglish|. + +This feature is now provided by the macro\\ + |\addto{|\meta{control sequence}|}{|\meta{\TeX\ code}|}|. + It is now used throughout the +language-specific files to build the macros |\extras|\meta{lang} and +|\noextras|\meta{lang}. + +The support macros |\allowhyphens|,\\ |\set@low@box| and |\save@sf@q| +have been moved from the language-specific files to the core of the +\babel\ system. + +\subsection{The files} + +In the previous release a file called \file{latexhax.com} was +provided. This was needed to provide some macros normally defined by +\LaTeX, to \plain~\TeX\ users. The need for this file has been removed +in the current release of the \babel\ system. + +In the previous release of the system, four different files were +provided (all derived from \file{hyphen.doc} that were needed for +different combinations of versions of \TeX\ and \file{plain.tex} or +\file{lplain.tex}. This has been changed. In the current version only +two different files are derived from \file{hyphen.doc}. They are +\file{babel.switch} and \file{babel.hyphen}.\\ +The file \file{babel.switch} is needed for people who can't build a +new format or don't have \TeX\ version 3. The file \file{babel.hyphen} +should be loaded into the format by ini\TeX. It provides the macros +from \file{babel.switch}, but additionally it reads the file +\file{language.dat}, which specifies the languages for which +hyphenation patterns should be loaded. + +In the previous release the file \file{babel.com} contained +redefinitions for a lot of \LaTeX\ macros to replace texts with +control sequences. This has been removed, because it is no longer +necessary for releases of \LaTeX\ dated december 1991 or later. Those +who still have an older release of \LaTeX\ can produce a special +version of \file{babel.com} by including the docstrip option +\meta{names} when stripping the file \file{babel.doc}. + +With the release of the new version of Frank Mittelbach's \texttt{doc} +package the stripped files are no longer distributed. The distribution +of babel now includes a file \file{install.babel} with which you can +produce them (give the command \file{tex install.babel}). + +\section{Changes to the language specific files} + +Bernd Raichle has invented a solution for things like |\char"45| +when the |"| is active. His solution (from german 2.3e) has been +included in germanb and is copied for other language specific files +that have an active |"|. + +A few terms have been added to the |\captions|\meta{...} macros, +again following \file{german.tex}. These terms are |\prefacename|, +|\seename| and |\seealsoname|. I don't have the correct +translations for all languages yet, but that will be repaired as soon +as someone provides them to me. + +For the dutch language the behaviour of the active double quote has +been slightly modified. It has been noted that there is a difference +between |"e|, where a `trema' should be produced and |\"u|, where we +should get an `umlaut'. The difference between the two is that the +`trema' should disappear at a hyphenation point, whereas the `umlaut' +should not. + +\begin{thebibliography}{9} + \bibitem{bab} Johannes Braams, + \emph{Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use with + \LaTeX's standard document styles}, + \emph{TUGboat} 12 (1991) \#2, p.~291--301. + \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod, + \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use}, + \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90. +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} |