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+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+%%% ====================================================================
+%%% @TeX-file{
+%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams",
+%%% version = "1.02",
+%%% date = "06 January 1997",
+%%% time = "23:18:11 MET",
+%%% filename = "tb1401.tex",
+%%% address = "TeXniek,
+%%% Kersengaarde 33
+%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
+%%% The Netherlands",
+%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
+%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
+%%% checksum = "33086 238 1209 9472",
+%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
+%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%% keywords = "",
+%%% supported = "yes",
+%%% abstract = "",
+%%% docstring = "The update article on babel that appeared
+%%% in TUGboat Volume 14 No 1.
+%%%
+%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
+%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
+%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
+%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
+%%% }
+%%% ====================================================================
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
+ \documentclass{ltugboat}
+ \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1}
+ \def\midrtitle{}
+ \def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
+ \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
+ \setcounter{page}{60}
+ }{%
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \newcommand\address[1]{}
+ \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
+ \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
+ \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
+ \newcommand{\plain}{\texttt{plain}}}
+\usepackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+%
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
+\makeatletter
+% -------------------------------------------------
+% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi
+% -------------------------------------------------
+{\obeyspaces%
+\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces%
+\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}}
+\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup}
+%
+{\catcode`\|=\z@ \catcode`\\=12|gdef|bslash{\}}
+%
+\makeatother
+\newcommand{\bsl}{\protect\bslash}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{An update on the \babel\ system}
+\author{Johannes Braams}
+\address{%
+ \TeX niek\\
+ Kersengaarde 33\\
+ 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
+ The Netherlands}
+\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
+\date{06 January 1997 \\
+ Version 1.02}
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+ This article describes the changes that have been made to the
+ \babel\ system, since the article describing the system appeared in
+ \TUB\ Volume 12, number 2. This article announces the release of a
+ new version of the \babel\ system.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+Since the publication of the \babel\ system in \TUB~\cite{bab} several
+changes have occurred. With the new release of \LaTeX\ -- which
+appeared at the end of 1991 -- the internationalised version I\LaTeX,
+prepared by Joachim Schrod~\cite{ilatex} was withdrawn. But some of
+its functionality was still needed, so a modification of the \babel\
+system was necessary.
+
+Besides this a couple of bugs were reported and had to be fixed. The
+major problem was that the language changing commands were not
+`local', they contained global definitions. In the current version
+these commands obey grouping correctly.
+
+Some macros that formerly were in language-specific files have been
+moved to the core of the system, because they are being used in
+several language-specific files.
+
+\section{Changes to the core of \babel}
+
+The changes to the core of the \babel\ system are the most extensive.
+
+\subsection*{{\tt\bsl selectlanguage}}
+The \babel\ user-command |\selectlanguage| now also accepts a control
+sequence as its argument. This was included to provide compatibility
+for users who were used to the syntax of the original
+\file{german.tex}, but wanted to switch to \babel. The escape
+character is `peeled off' and the name of the control sequence is then
+used as the name of the language to select.
+
+Another change to the |\selectlanguage| macro is that it now stores
+the name of the current language in the control sequence
+|\languagename|. The contents of this control sequence could be tested
+in the following way:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \edef\tmp{\string english}
+ \ifx\languagename\tmp
+ ...
+ \else
+ ...
+ \fi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The construction with |\string| is necessary because
+|\languagename| returns the name with characters of category code
+\texttt{12} (other).
+
+\subsection*{Saving macro definitions}
+
+A new way of handling macros that are temporarily \emph{re}defined was
+developed by Bernd Raichle and included in the core of the \babel\
+system. Two new macros, for use in the language-specific files have
+been introduced.\\
+These macros, |\babel@savevariable|\meta{register} and
+|\babel@save|\meta{macro}, append code to |\originalTeX|. This code
+restores the value (or meaning) of what was saved when |\originalTeX|
+was executed.
+
+\subsection*{Special characters}
+
+Some of the language-specific files introduce one or more characters
+that are special in some way. Such characters have to be added to
+|\dospecials| (and |\@sanitize| too for \LaTeX) whenever their special
+meaning is activated. But, they may have to be removed again when
+another language, which doesn't use them, is in effect.
+
+To this end two new control sequences, that are meant to be used in
+the language-specific files are introduced. They are
+|\babel@add@special| and |\babel@remove@special| and perform the
+necessary tasks.
+
+\subsection*{Additional facilities}
+
+A specific request from Joachim Schrod for \babel, was the possibility
+to extend the definition of a control sequence on the fly. It should,
+for instance, be possible that the user adds a macro of his own to the
+definition of |\extrasenglish|.
+
+This feature is now provided by the macro\\
+ |\addto{|\meta{control sequence}|}{|\meta{\TeX\ code}|}|.
+ It is now used throughout the
+language-specific files to build the macros |\extras|\meta{lang} and
+|\noextras|\meta{lang}.
+
+The support macros |\allowhyphens|,\\ |\set@low@box| and |\save@sf@q|
+have been moved from the language-specific files to the core of the
+\babel\ system.
+
+\subsection{The files}
+
+In the previous release a file called \file{latexhax.com} was
+provided. This was needed to provide some macros normally defined by
+\LaTeX, to \plain~\TeX\ users. The need for this file has been removed
+in the current release of the \babel\ system.
+
+In the previous release of the system, four different files were
+provided (all derived from \file{hyphen.doc} that were needed for
+different combinations of versions of \TeX\ and \file{plain.tex} or
+\file{lplain.tex}. This has been changed. In the current version only
+two different files are derived from \file{hyphen.doc}. They are
+\file{babel.switch} and \file{babel.hyphen}.\\
+The file \file{babel.switch} is needed for people who can't build a
+new format or don't have \TeX\ version 3. The file \file{babel.hyphen}
+should be loaded into the format by ini\TeX. It provides the macros
+from \file{babel.switch}, but additionally it reads the file
+\file{language.dat}, which specifies the languages for which
+hyphenation patterns should be loaded.
+
+In the previous release the file \file{babel.com} contained
+redefinitions for a lot of \LaTeX\ macros to replace texts with
+control sequences. This has been removed, because it is no longer
+necessary for releases of \LaTeX\ dated december 1991 or later. Those
+who still have an older release of \LaTeX\ can produce a special
+version of \file{babel.com} by including the docstrip option
+\meta{names} when stripping the file \file{babel.doc}.
+
+With the release of the new version of Frank Mittelbach's \texttt{doc}
+package the stripped files are no longer distributed. The distribution
+of babel now includes a file \file{install.babel} with which you can
+produce them (give the command \file{tex install.babel}).
+
+\section{Changes to the language specific files}
+
+Bernd Raichle has invented a solution for things like |\char"45|
+when the |"| is active. His solution (from german 2.3e) has been
+included in germanb and is copied for other language specific files
+that have an active |"|.
+
+A few terms have been added to the |\captions|\meta{...} macros,
+again following \file{german.tex}. These terms are |\prefacename|,
+|\seename| and |\seealsoname|. I don't have the correct
+translations for all languages yet, but that will be repaired as soon
+as someone provides them to me.
+
+For the dutch language the behaviour of the active double quote has
+been slightly modified. It has been noted that there is a difference
+between |"e|, where a `trema' should be produced and |\"u|, where we
+should get an `umlaut'. The difference between the two is that the
+`trema' should disappear at a hyphenation point, whereas the `umlaut'
+should not.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+ \bibitem{bab} Johannes Braams,
+ \emph{Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use with
+ \LaTeX's standard document styles},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 12 (1991) \#2, p.~291--301.
+ \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod,
+ \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}