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1 files changed, 446 insertions, 388 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html
index 4ef7146223a..19a32fb57dc 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
an implementation of Donald Knuth's TeX system.
Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
-2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010-2020 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010-2021 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
<li><a id="toc-Compile_002dtime-options-1" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">2.2 Compile-time options</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Additional-targets-1" href="#Additional-targets">2.3 Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Trip_002c-trap_002c-and-mptrap_003a-Torture-tests" href="#Triptrap">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Runtime-options-1" href="#Runtime-options">2.5 Runtime options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Commonalities-1" href="#Commonalities">3 Commonalities</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
@@ -87,89 +86,90 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
<li><a id="toc-Common-options-1" href="#Common-options">3.2 Common options</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Path-searching-1" href="#Path-searching">3.3 Path searching</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Output-file-location-1" href="#Output-file-location">3.4 Output file location</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Three-programs_003a-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX" href="#Three-programs">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Three-programs_003a-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX" href="#Three-programs">4 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Runtime-options-1" href="#Runtime-options">4.1 Runtime options</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Initial-and-virgin-1" href="#Initial-and-virgin">4.2 Initial and virgin</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Memory-dumps-1" href="#Memory-dumps">4.3 Memory dumps</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-Initial-and-virgin-1" href="#Initial-and-virgin">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Memory-dumps-1" href="#Memory-dumps">3.5.2 Memory dumps</a>
- <ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-Creating-memory-dumps-1" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use-1" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Hardware-and-memory-dumps-1" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Editor-invocation-1" href="#Editor-invocation">3.5.3 Editor invocation</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-filenames-1" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</a>
- <ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-quoted-filename_003a-_005cinput-_0022some-name_0022" href="#g_t_005cinput-quoted-filename">3.5.4.1 <code>\input</code> quoted filename: <code>\input &quot;some name&quot;</code></a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-braced-filename_003a-_005cinput_007bsome-name_007d" href="#g_t_005cinput-braced-filename">3.5.4.2 <code>\input</code> braced filename: <code>\input{some name}</code></a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-filename-caveats-1" href="#g_t_005cinput-filename-caveats">3.5.4.3 <code>\input</code> filename caveats</a></li>
- </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Creating-memory-dumps-1" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">4.3.1 Creating memory dumps</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use-1" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">4.3.2 Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hardware-and-memory-dumps-1" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">4.3.3 Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Editor-invocation-1" href="#Editor-invocation">4.4 Editor invocation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-filenames-1" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">4.5 <code>\input</code> filenames</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-quoted-filename_003a-_005cinput-_0022some-name_0022" href="#g_t_005cinput-quoted-filename">4.5.1 <code>\input</code> quoted filename: <code>\input &quot;some name&quot;</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-braced-filename_003a-_005cinput_007bsome-name_007d" href="#g_t_005cinput-braced-filename">4.5.2 <code>\input</code> braced filename: <code>\input{some name}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cinput-filename-caveats-1" href="#g_t_005cinput-filename-caveats">4.5.3 <code>\input</code> filename caveats</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-TeX_003a-Typesetting" href="#TeX">4 TeX: Typesetting</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-TeX_003a-Typesetting" href="#TeX">5 TeX: Typesetting</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-tex-invocation-1" href="#tex-invocation">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Initial-TeX-1" href="#Initial-TeX">4.2 Initial TeX</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Formats-1" href="#Formats">4.3 Formats</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Languages-and-hyphenation-1" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-tex-invocation-1" href="#tex-invocation">5.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Initial-TeX-1" href="#Initial-TeX">5.2 Initial TeX</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Formats-1" href="#Formats">5.3 Formats</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Languages-and-hyphenation-1" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">5.4 Languages and hyphenation</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-MLTeX_003a-Multi_002dlingual-TeX" href="#MLTeX">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-MLTeX_003a-Multi_002dlingual-TeX" href="#MLTeX">5.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-_005ccharsubdef_003a-Character-substitutions" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-_005ctracingcharsubdef_003a-Substitution-diagnostics" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005ccharsubdef_003a-Character-substitutions" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">5.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005ctracingcharsubdef_003a-Substitution-diagnostics" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">5.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-TCX-files_003a-Character-translations" href="#TCX-files">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Patgen_003a-Creating-hyphenation-patterns" href="#patgen-invocation">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-TCX-files_003a-Character-translations" href="#TCX-files">5.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Patgen_003a-Creating-hyphenation-patterns" href="#patgen-invocation">5.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Shell-escapes-1" href="#Shell-escapes">4.5 Shell escapes</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-IPC-and-TeX-1" href="#IPC-and-TeX">4.6 IPC and TeX</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-TeX-extensions-1" href="#TeX-extensions">4.7 TeX extensions</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Shell-escapes-1" href="#Shell-escapes">5.5 Shell escapes</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-IPC-and-TeX-1" href="#IPC-and-TeX">5.6 IPC and TeX</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Extended-TeX-engines" href="#TeX-extensions">5.7 Extended TeX engines</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Metafont_003a-Creating-typeface-families" href="#Metafont">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-Metafont_003a-Creating-typeface-families" href="#Metafont">6 Metafont: Creating typeface families</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-mf-invocation-1" href="#mf-invocation">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Initial-Metafont-1" href="#Initial-Metafont">5.2 Initial Metafont</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Modes_003a-Device-definitions-for-Metafont" href="#Modes">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Online-Metafont-graphics-1" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-GFtoDVI_003a-Character-proofs-of-fonts" href="#gftodvi-invocation">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-MFT_003a-Prettyprinting-Metafont-source" href="#mft-invocation">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-mf-invocation-1" href="#mf-invocation">6.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Initial-Metafont-1" href="#Initial-Metafont">6.2 Initial Metafont</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Modes_003a-Device-definitions-for-Metafont" href="#Modes">6.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Online-Metafont-graphics-1" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">6.4 Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-GFtoDVI_003a-Character-proofs-of-fonts" href="#gftodvi-invocation">6.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-MFT_003a-Prettyprinting-Metafont-source" href="#mft-invocation">6.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-MetaPost_003a-Creating-technical-illustrations" href="#MetaPost">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-MetaPost_003a-Generating-PostScript" href="#MetaPost">7 MetaPost: Generating PostScript</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-mpost-invocation-1" href="#mpost-invocation">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Initial-MetaPost-1" href="#Initial-MetaPost">6.2 Initial MetaPost</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-DVItoMP_003a-DVI-to-MPX-conversion" href="#dvitomp-invocation">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-mpost-invocation-1" href="#mpost-invocation">7.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Initial-MetaPost-1" href="#Initial-MetaPost">7.2 Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-DVItoMP_003a-DVI-to-MPX-conversion" href="#dvitomp-invocation">7.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-BibTeX_003a-Bibliographies" href="#BibTeX">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-BibTeX_003a-Bibliographies" href="#BibTeX">8 BibTeX: Bibliographies</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-BibTeX-invocation" href="#bibtex-invocation">7.1 BibTeX invocation</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Basic-BibTeX-style-files-1" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-BibTeX-invocation" href="#bibtex-invocation">8.1 BibTeX invocation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Basic-BibTeX-style-files-1" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">8.2 Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-WEB_003a-Literate-programming" href="#WEB">8 WEB: Literate programming</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-WEB_003a-Literate-programming" href="#WEB">9 WEB: Literate programming</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-Tangle_003a-Translate-WEB-to-Pascal" href="#tangle-invocation">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Weave_003a-Translate-WEB-to-TeX" href="#weave-invocation">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Pooltype_003a-Display-WEB-pool-files" href="#pooltype-invocation">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Tangle_003a-Translate-WEB-to-Pascal" href="#tangle-invocation">9.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Weave_003a-Translate-WEB-to-TeX" href="#weave-invocation">9.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Pooltype_003a-Display-WEB-pool-files" href="#pooltype-invocation">9.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-DVI-utilities-1" href="#DVI-utilities">9 DVI utilities</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-DVI-utilities-1" href="#DVI-utilities">10 DVI utilities</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-DVIcopy_003a-Canonicalize-virtual-font-references" href="#dvicopy-invocation">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-DVItype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-DVI-files" href="#dvitype-invocation">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-DVIcopy_003a-Canonicalize-virtual-font-references" href="#dvicopy-invocation">10.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-DVItype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-DVI-files" href="#dvitype-invocation">10.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-DVItype-output-example" href="#dvitype-output-example">9.2.1 DVItype output example</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-DVItype-output-example" href="#dvitype-output-example">10.2.1 DVItype output example</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Font-utilities-1" href="#Font-utilities">10 Font utilities</a>
+ <li><a id="toc-Font-utilities-1" href="#Font-utilities">11 Font utilities</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a id="toc-Font-file-formats-1" href="#Font-file-formats">10.1 Font file formats</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-GFtoPK_003a-Generic-to-packed-font-conversion" href="#gftopk-invocation">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-PKtoGF_003a-Packed-to-generic-font-conversion" href="#pktogf-invocation">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-PKtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-packed-fonts" href="#pktype-invocation">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-GFtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-generic-fonts" href="#gftype-invocation">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-TFtoPL_003a-TeX-font-metric-to-property-list-conversion" href="#tftopl-invocation">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-PLtoTF_003a-Property-list-to-TeX-font-metric-conversion" href="#pltotf-invocation">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-VFtoVP_003a-Virtual-font-to-virtual-property-lists" href="#vftovp-invocation">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-VPtoVF_003a-Virtual-property-lists-to-virtual-font" href="#vptovf-invocation">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Font-utilities-available-elsewhere-1" href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Font-file-formats-1" href="#Font-file-formats">11.1 Font file formats</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-GFtoPK_003a-Generic-to-packed-font-conversion" href="#gftopk-invocation">11.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PKtoGF_003a-Packed-to-generic-font-conversion" href="#pktogf-invocation">11.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PKtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-packed-fonts" href="#pktype-invocation">11.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-GFtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-generic-fonts" href="#gftype-invocation">11.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-TFtoPL_003a-TeX-font-metric-to-property-list-conversion" href="#tftopl-invocation">11.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PLtoTF_003a-Property-list-to-TeX-font-metric-conversion" href="#pltotf-invocation">11.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-VFtoVP_003a-Virtual-font-to-virtual-property-lists" href="#vftovp-invocation">11.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-VPtoVF_003a-Virtual-property-lists-to-virtual-font" href="#vptovf-invocation">11.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Font-utilities-available-elsewhere-1" href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">11.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Legalisms-1" href="#Legalisms">Appendix A Legalisms</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-References-1" href="#References">Appendix B References</a></li>
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a
<p>This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c
implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It
-corresponds to Web2c version 2020, released in
-March 2020.
+corresponds to Web2c version 2021, released in
+February 2021.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="1">Introduction</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">A brief introduction.
@@ -196,17 +196,19 @@ March 2020.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="3">Commonalities</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Option syntax, standard options, memory dumps.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TeX" accesskey="4">TeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Typesetting.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="4">Three programs</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX, Metafont, MetaPost have much in common.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="5">Metafont</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Typeface design.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TeX" accesskey="5">TeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Typesetting.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="6">MetaPost</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Technical illustrations.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="6">Metafont</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Typeface design.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="7">BibTeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reusable bibliographies.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="7">MetaPost</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Technical illustrations.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#WEB" accesskey="8">WEB</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Literate programming.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="8">BibTeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reusable bibliographies.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="9">DVI utilities</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI expansion.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#WEB" accesskey="9">WEB</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Literate programming.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI expansion.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Font format conversion.
</td></tr>
@@ -228,15 +230,15 @@ Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previou
<span id="index-introduction"></span>
-<p>This manual corresponds to version 2020 of Web2c, released in
-March 2020.
+<p>This manual corresponds to version 2021 of Web2c, released in
+February 2021.
</p>
<span id="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-Web2c-implementation-of"></span>
<span id="index-Hobby_002c-John"></span>
<span id="index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter"></span>
-<p><em>Web2c</em> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix,
-but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By
+<p><em>Web2c</em> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for
+Unix, but now also running under various operating systems. By
<em>TeX implementation</em>, we mean all of the standard programs
developed by the Stanford TeX project directed by Donald E. Knuth:
Metafont, DVItype, GFtoDVI, BibTeX, Tangle, etc., as well as TeX
@@ -255,7 +257,6 @@ Therefore, it will not work without change on an arbitrary WEB program.
<span id="index-licensing-terms"></span>
<span id="index-freedom-of-Web2c"></span>
<span id="index-ice-cream"></span>
-<span id="index-Henry_002c-Patrick"></span>
<p>Availability: All of Web2c is freely available&mdash;&ldquo;free&rdquo; both in the
sense of no cost (free ice cream) and of having the source code to
modify and/or redistribute (free speech). See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>, for the practical details of how to obtain Web2c.
@@ -263,14 +264,15 @@ modify and/or redistribute (free speech). See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfoh
<p>Different parts of the Web2c distribution have different licensing
terms, however, reflecting the different circumstances of their
creation; consult each source file for exact details. The main
-practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that the executables
-are covered by the GNU General Public License, and therefore anyone
-who gets a binary distribution must also get the sources, as explained
-by the terms of the GPL (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Copying">Copying</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). The
-GPL covers the Web2c executables, including <code>tex</code>, because the Free
-Software Foundation sponsored the initial development of the Kpathsea
-library that Web2c uses. The basic source files from Stanford, however,
-have their own copyright terms or are in the public domain, and are not
+practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that most of the
+executables are covered by the GNU General Public License or GNU
+Lesser General Public License, and therefore anyone who gets a binary
+distribution must also be able to get the sources, as explained by the
+terms of the GPL (<a href="https://gnu.org/licenses/">https://gnu.org/licenses/</a>. The GPL covers the
+Web2c executables, including <code>tex</code>, because the Free Software
+Foundation sponsored the initial development of the Kpathsea library
+that Web2c uses. The basic source files from Stanford, however, have
+their own copyright terms or are in the public domain, and are not
covered by the GPL.
</p>
<span id="index-history"></span>
@@ -282,19 +284,21 @@ covered by the GPL.
<span id="index-Weber_002c-Olaf"></span>
<p>History: Tomas Rokicki originated the TeX-to-C system in 1987,
working from the first change files for TeX under Unix, which were
-done primarily by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan then took
-over development and maintenance for a number of years; the name changed
-to Web-to-C somewhere in there. In 1990, Karl Berry became the
-maintainer. He made many changes to the original sources, and started
-using the shorter name Web2c. In 1997, Olaf Weber took over. Dozens of
-other people have contributed; their names are listed in the
-<samp>ChangeLog</samp> files.
+done primarily by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan then
+took over development and maintenance for a number of years; the name
+changed to Web-to-C somewhere in there. In 1990, Karl Berry became
+the maintainer. He made many changes to the original sources, and
+started using the shorter name Web2c. In 1997, Olaf Weber took over,
+and then in 2006, Karl started taking care of it again. No
+significant development or changes have been needed for many
+years. Dozens of other people have contributed; their names are listed
+in the <samp>ChangeLog</samp> files.
</p>
<span id="index-acknowledgements"></span>
<span id="index-Martin_002c-Rick"></span>
<span id="index-Morris_002c-Bob"></span>
<span id="index-Stallman_002c-Richard"></span>
-<p>Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston
+<p>Other acknowledgements by Karl: The University of Massachusetts at Boston
(particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and ftp
access to me for many years. Richard Stallman at the Free Software
Foundation employed me while I wrote the original path searching library
@@ -372,8 +376,6 @@ as described in the first section below.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Triptrap" accesskey="4">Triptrap</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Running the torture tests.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Runtime-options" accesskey="5">Runtime options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Array sizes and the like.
-</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -569,7 +571,7 @@ possibilities.
<hr>
<span id="Triptrap"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Runtime-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Runtime options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Additional-targets" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Additional targets</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Additional-targets" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Additional targets</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<span id="Trip_002c-trap_002c-and-mptrap_003a-Torture-tests"></span><h3 class="section">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</h3>
@@ -621,90 +623,16 @@ file <samp>tests/check.log</samp> if you like.
</p>
<hr>
-<span id="Runtime-options"></span><div class="header">
-<p>
-Previous: <a href="#Triptrap" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Triptrap</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<span id="Runtime-options-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.5 Runtime options</h3>
-
-<span id="index-runtime-options"></span>
-
-<span id="index-configuration-file-values"></span>
-<span id="index-array-sizes"></span>
-<p>Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the
-previous sections, you can control a number of parameters (in
-particular, array sizes) in the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> runtime file read by
-Kpathsea (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
-</p>
-<p>Rather than exhaustively listing them here, please see the last section
-of the distributed <samp>kpathsea/texmf.cnf</samp>. Some of the more
-interesting values:
-</p>
-<dl compact="compact">
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp>main_memory</samp>&rsquo;
-<span id="index-main_005fmemory"></span>
-</dt>
-<dd><p>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
-Must remake the format file after changing.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp>extra_mem_bot</samp>&rsquo;
-<span id="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot"></span>
-</dt>
-<dd><span id="index-boxes_002c-memory-for"></span>
-<span id="index-glue_002c-memory-for"></span>
-<span id="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for"></span>
-<span id="index-PiCTeX_002c-increasing-memory-for"></span>
-<p>Extra space for &ldquo;large&rdquo; TeX data structures: boxes, glue,
-breakpoints, et al. If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to set this.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp>font_mem_size</samp>&rsquo;
-<span id="index-font_005fmem_005fsize"></span>
-</dt>
-<dd><span id="index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for"></span>
-<p>Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the total
-size of all TFM files read.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp>hash_extra</samp>&rsquo;
-<span id="index-hash_005fextra"></span>
-</dt>
-<dd><span id="index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for"></span>
-<span id="index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of"></span>
-<p>Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
-Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash
-table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
-this might not be enough, and thus you will want to set <code>hash_extra</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<span id="index-array-limit_002c-fixed"></span>
-<span id="index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit"></span>
-<span id="index-reallocation-of-arrays"></span>
-<span id="index-dynamic-array-allocation"></span>
-<p>Of course, ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as
-necessary, so the only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space
-available. Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as
-the fixed size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source
-code. These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the
-compile-time limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays. (On
-the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do dynamic
-reallocation of some arrays.)
-</p>
-
-<hr>
<span id="Commonalities"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Three programs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<span id="Commonalities-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">3 Commonalities</h2>
<span id="index-commonalities"></span>
<p>Many aspects of the TeX system are the same among more than one
-program, so we describe all those pieces together, here.
+program, so we describe those pieces together, here.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-conventions" accesskey="1">Option conventions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">&ndash; or -, = or &lsquo; &rsquo; for values.
@@ -715,8 +643,6 @@ program, so we describe all those pieces together, here.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Output-file-location" accesskey="4">Output file location</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">TEXMFOUTPUT allows output in places other than &lsquo;.&rsquo;.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="5">Three programs</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a lot in common.
-</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -807,6 +733,13 @@ standard output, then exit successfully.
common:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-cnf-line=<var>str</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dcnf_002dline"></span>
+<p>Parse <var>str</var> as if it were a line in the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp>
+configuration file, overriding all other settings. See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Path-searching-options">Path
+searching options</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-file-line-error</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><span id="index-_002dfile_002dline_002derror"></span>
</dd>
@@ -939,8 +872,9 @@ See <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>.
<span id="index-8-bit-clean"></span>
<span id="index-8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying"></span>
<p>This option specifies that by default all characters should be
-considered printable. If &lsquo;<samp>-translate-file</samp>&rsquo; was given as well, then the
-TCX file may mark characters as non-printable.
+considered printable. If &lsquo;<samp>-translate-file</samp>&rsquo; was given as well,
+then the TCX file may mark characters as non-printable. This is a
+no-op in engines natively supporting Unicode.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
@@ -979,7 +913,7 @@ names.
<hr>
<span id="Output-file-location"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Three programs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<span id="Output-file-location-1"></span><h3 class="section">3.4 Output file location</h3>
@@ -1021,9 +955,9 @@ simply checked as given.
<hr>
<span id="Three-programs"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#Output-file-location" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output file location</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Commonalities</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Three-programs_003a-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX"></span><h3 class="section">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</h3>
+<span id="Three-programs_003a-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX"></span><h2 class="chapter">4 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</h2>
<span id="index-three-programs"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost"></span>
@@ -1031,29 +965,136 @@ Previous: <a href="#Output-file-location" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output file l
<span id="index-MetaPost_002c-TeX_002c-and-Metafont"></span>
<p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common.
-Besides the ones here, the common command-line options are described in
-the previous section. The configuration file options that let you
-control some array sizes and other features are described in
-<a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>.
+Besides the ones here, command-line options and other commonalities
+are described in the previous section.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Initial-and-virgin" accesskey="1">Initial and virgin</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making memory dumps vs. production runs.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Runtime-options" accesskey="1">Runtime options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> configuration file.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Initial-and-virgin" accesskey="2">Initial and virgin</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making memory dumps vs. production runs.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="2">Memory dumps</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">.fmt/.base files for fast startup.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="3">Memory dumps</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">.fmt/.base files for fast startup.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="3">Editor invocation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The &lsquo;e&rsquo; response at errors.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="4">Editor invocation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The &lsquo;e&rsquo; response at errors.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="4">\input filenames</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Filename delimiters and Kpathsea expansion.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="5">\input filenames</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Filename delimiters and Kpathsea expansion.
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr>
+<span id="Runtime-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial and virgin</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Runtime-options-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.1 Runtime options</h3>
+
+<span id="index-runtime-options"></span>
+
+<span id="index-configuration-file-values"></span>
+<span id="index-array-sizes"></span>
+<span id="index-texmf_002ecnf-1"></span>
+<p>Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the
+installation section (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>), you can control a number
+of parameters in the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> runtime file read by Kpathsea
+(see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+<p>The main purpose of <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> is to specify search paths, but
+array sizes and other options are also set there. Most are rather
+obscure. Here are a few of the more interesting values:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>main_memory</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-main_005fmemory"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
+Must remake the format file after changing.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>extra_mem_bot</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-boxes_002c-memory-for"></span>
+<span id="index-glue_002c-memory-for"></span>
+<span id="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for"></span>
+<span id="index-PiCTeX_002c-increasing-memory-for"></span>
+<p>Extra space for &ldquo;large&rdquo; TeX data structures (default 0): boxes,
+glue, breakpoints, et al. If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to
+set this.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>expand_depth</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-expand_005fdepth"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-recursive-expansion-limit"></span>
+<span id="index-expansion-limit_002c-recursive"></span>
+<span id="index-runtime-stack-overflow"></span>
+<span id="index-overflow_002c-of-runtime-stack"></span>
+<span id="index-segmentation-fault"></span>
+<span id="index-SIGSEGV"></span>
+<p>Limit on recursive expansion calls before TeX aborts (default
+10000). If a TeX program does an unterminated recursive expansion,
+TeX will dutifully expand macros until the system&rsquo;s runtime stack
+overflows, typically with a segmentation fault (SIGSEGV). This
+parameter was introduced to minimize the chance of that unpleasant
+(though not dangerous) crash, instead allowing TeX to quit with a
+more informative message.
+</p>
+<span id="index-libsigsegv-library"></span>
+<p>The crash can still happen, though, if the system has an exceptionally
+small memory allocation for its stack. There is no quantitative way to
+determine the limit, and it does not seem worth implementing
+system-dependent heuristics to guess at the number, since it&rsquo;s highly
+improbable that any real TeX code will ever need more than 10000
+recursive expansions (it has never happened). For the same reason,
+using the libsigsegv library (<a href="https://gnu.org/s/libsigsegv">https://gnu.org/s/libsigsegv</a>) does
+not seem worth the effort.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>texmf_casefold_search</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-texmf_005fcasefold_005fsearch"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span id="index-array-limit_002c-fixed"></span>
+<span id="index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit"></span>
+<span id="index-reallocation-of-arrays"></span>
+<span id="index-dynamic-array-allocation"></span>
+<p>Ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as necessary, so the
+only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space available, or
+some configurable limit much larger than can currently be supported.
+</p>
+<p>Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as the fixed
+size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source code.
+These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the
+compile-time limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays.
+(On the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do true
+dynamic reallocation of some arrays.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-modifying-texmf_002ecnf-in-TeX-Live"></span>
+<span id="index-location-of-texmf_002ecnf-in-TeX-Live"></span>
+<p>Nowadays there is rarely a reason to modify the values. But if you do
+wish to modify <samp>texmf.cnf</samp>, in TeX Live the best approach is
+to put your changes, and only your changes at the top of the TL
+installation tree. That is, if the system <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> is
+installed in
+<samp>/some/path/to/texlive/YYYY/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf</samp> is put
+your custom settings in <samp>/some/path/to/texlive/YYY/texmf.cnf</samp>,
+where <var>YYYY</var> is the year of installation (if you use that
+subdirectory; it&rsquo;s the default). That way, unrelated changes to the
+system <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> can happen with normal updates, without
+affecting your local values.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
<span id="Initial-and-virgin"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="n" rel="next">Memory dumps</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="n" rel="next">Memory dumps</a>, Previous: <a href="#Runtime-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Runtime options</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Initial-and-virgin-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</h4>
+<span id="Initial-and-virgin-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.2 Initial and virgin</h3>
<span id="index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin"></span>
<p>The TeX and Metafont programs each have two main variants, called
@@ -1087,7 +1128,7 @@ memory dump file.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Editor invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial and virgin</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Memory-dumps-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Memory dumps</h4>
+<span id="Memory-dumps-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.3 Memory dumps</h3>
<span id="index-memory-dumps"></span>
@@ -1114,7 +1155,7 @@ code.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use" accesskey="n" rel="next">Determining the memory dump to use</a>, Up: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="u" rel="up">Memory dumps</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Creating-memory-dumps-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</h4>
+<span id="Creating-memory-dumps-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.3.1 Creating memory dumps</h4>
<span id="index-memory-dumps_002c-creating"></span>
<span id="index-creating-memory-dumps"></span>
@@ -1156,7 +1197,7 @@ difficulties.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hardware and memory dumps</a>, Previous: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Creating memory dumps</a>, Up: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="u" rel="up">Memory dumps</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</h4>
+<span id="Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.3.2 Determining the memory dump to use</h4>
<span id="index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining"></span>
<span id="index-fmt-file_002c-determining"></span>
@@ -1210,7 +1251,7 @@ will be used.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Determining the memory dump to use</a>, Up: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="u" rel="up">Memory dumps</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Hardware-and-memory-dumps-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</h4>
+<span id="Hardware-and-memory-dumps-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.3.3 Hardware and memory dumps</h4>
<span id="index-hardware-and-memory-dumps"></span>
<span id="index-memory-dumps-and-hardware"></span>
@@ -1297,7 +1338,7 @@ Jr. (see <a href="#References">References</a>).
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="n" rel="next">\input filenames</a>, Previous: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Memory dumps</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Editor-invocation-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Editor invocation</h4>
+<span id="Editor-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.4 Editor invocation</h3>
<span id="index-editor-invoked-at-error"></span>
<span id="index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at"></span>
@@ -1311,6 +1352,7 @@ responds with <kbd>e</kbd> or <kbd>E</kbd>, the program invokes an editor.
<span id="index-MFEDIT"></span>
<span id="index-MPEDIT"></span>
<span id="index-_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003dcmd"></span>
+<span id="index-texmf_002ecnf-for-editors"></span>
<p>Specifying &lsquo;<samp>--with-editor=<var>cmd</var></samp>&rsquo; to <code>configure</code> sets the
default editor command string to <var>cmd</var>. The environment
variables/configuration values <code>TEXEDIT</code>, <code>MFEDIT</code>, and
@@ -1328,7 +1370,7 @@ and &lsquo;<samp>%s</samp>&rsquo; is replaced by the name of the current input f
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Editor invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005cinput-filenames-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cinput-filenames-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.5 <code>\input</code> filenames</h3>
<span id="index-input-filenames"></span>
<span id="index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files"></span>
@@ -1365,10 +1407,10 @@ filename; there is no way to read files whose names contain a <code>&quot;</code
</p>
<span id="index-portable-filenames"></span>
<p>However, for maximal portability of your document across systems, use
-only the characters &lsquo;<samp>a</samp>&rsquo;&ndash;&lsquo;<samp>z</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;&ndash;&lsquo;<samp>9</samp>&rsquo;, and
-&lsquo;<samp>.</samp>&rsquo;. Do not use anything but simple filenames, since directory
-separators vary among systems; instead, add the necessary directories
-to the appropriate search path.
+only the characters &lsquo;<samp>a</samp>&rsquo;&ndash;&lsquo;<samp>z</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;&ndash;&lsquo;<samp>9</samp>&rsquo;, and at
+most one &lsquo;<samp>.</samp>&rsquo;. Do not use anything but simple filenames, since
+directory separators vary among systems; instead, add the necessary
+directories to the appropriate search path.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cinput-quoted-filename" accesskey="1">Quotes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">\input &quot;some name&quot;
@@ -1385,7 +1427,7 @@ to the appropriate search path.
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-braced-filename" accesskey="n" rel="next">\input braced filename</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="u" rel="up">\input filenames</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005cinput-quoted-filename_003a-_005cinput-_0022some-name_0022"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.4.1 <code>\input</code> quoted filename: <code>\input &quot;some name&quot;</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cinput-quoted-filename_003a-_005cinput-_0022some-name_0022"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.5.1 <code>\input</code> quoted filename: <code>\input &quot;some name&quot;</code></h4>
<span id="index-_005cinput-quoted-filename"></span>
<span id="index-quoted-filename-for-_005cinput"></span>
@@ -1418,7 +1460,7 @@ of its <code>\input</code> macro, thus:
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filename-caveats" accesskey="n" rel="next">\input filename caveats</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-quoted-filename" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\input quoted filename</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="u" rel="up">\input filenames</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005cinput-braced-filename_003a-_005cinput_007bsome-name_007d"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.4.2 <code>\input</code> braced filename: <code>\input{some name}</code></h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cinput-braced-filename_003a-_005cinput_007bsome-name_007d"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.5.2 <code>\input</code> braced filename: <code>\input{some name}</code></h4>
<span id="index-_005cinput-braced-_0028grouped_0029-filename"></span>
<span id="index-braced-filename-for-_005cinput"></span>
@@ -1449,7 +1491,7 @@ within the filename.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-braced-filename" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\input braced filename</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="u" rel="up">\input filenames</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005cinput-filename-caveats-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.4.3 <code>\input</code> filename caveats</h4>
+<span id="g_t_005cinput-filename-caveats-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.5.3 <code>\input</code> filename caveats</h4>
<span id="index-_005cinput-filename-caveats"></span>
<span id="index-caveats-for-_005cinput-filenames"></span>
@@ -1498,9 +1540,9 @@ change their catcodes or use <code>\string</code>.
<hr>
<span id="TeX"></span><div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="n" rel="next">Metafont</a>, Previous: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Commonalities</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="n" rel="next">Metafont</a>, Previous: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Three programs</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="TeX_003a-Typesetting"></span><h2 class="chapter">4 TeX: Typesetting</h2>
+<span id="TeX_003a-Typesetting"></span><h2 class="chapter">5 TeX: Typesetting</h2>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-description-of"></span>
<span id="index-typesetting"></span>
@@ -1533,7 +1575,7 @@ otherwise, are available.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="6">IPC and TeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI output to a socket.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TeX-extensions" accesskey="7">TeX extensions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changes to the TeX language.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TeX-extensions" accesskey="7">TeX extensions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Additional engines with additional features.
</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -1543,7 +1585,7 @@ otherwise, are available.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Initial-TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="tex-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</h3>
+<span id="tex-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</h3>
<span id="index-tex"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-invocation"></span>
@@ -1654,7 +1696,8 @@ See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
<span id="index-Unicode-input"></span>
<span id="index-UTF_002d8-input"></span>
<p>Enable encTeX extensions, such as <code>\mubyte</code>. This can be used
-to support Unicode UTF-8 input encoding. See
+to support the Unicode UTF-8 input encoding, although using an engine
+with native Unicode support is more common nowadays.
<a href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</a>.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -1768,7 +1811,7 @@ hard-coded to always use the &lsquo;<samp>\special</samp>&rsquo; primitive.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Formats" accesskey="n" rel="next">Formats</a>, Previous: <a href="#tex-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tex invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Initial-TeX-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.2 Initial TeX</h3>
+<span id="Initial-TeX-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.2 Initial TeX</h3>
<span id="index-initial-TeX"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-initial"></span>
@@ -1811,7 +1854,7 @@ more details on TeX formats.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Languages and hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Initial-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Formats-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.3 Formats</h3>
+<span id="Formats-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.3 Formats</h3>
<span id="index-formats-for-TeX"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-format-packages-for"></span>
@@ -1825,27 +1868,26 @@ current at the time of release. You can change which formats are
automatically built by setting the <code>fmts</code> Make variable; by default,
only the &lsquo;<samp>plain</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>latex</samp>&rsquo; formats are made.
</p>
-<p>You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the CTAN
-archives in subdirectories of <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/macros</samp> (for CTAN info,
-see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). The archive
-<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz</a> (also available from CTAN)
-contains most of these formats (although perhaps not the absolute latest
-version), among other things.
+<p>Nowadays, the formats are generally installed and updated as part of a
+larger TeX distribution, such as TeX Live
+(<a href="https://tug.org/texlive">https://tug.org/texlive</a>).
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><tt>latex</tt></dt>
<dd><span id="index-LaTeX"></span>
-<p>The most widely used format. The current release is named &lsquo;LaTeX
-2e&rsquo;; new versions are released approximately every six months, with
-patches issued as needed. The old release was called &lsquo;LaTeX 2.09&rsquo;,
-and is no longer maintained or supported. LaTeX attempts to provide
-generic markup instructions, such as &ldquo;emphasize&rdquo;, instead of specific
-typesetting instructions, such as &ldquo;use the 10pt Computer Modern
-italic font&rdquo;. The LaTeX home page: <a href="http://www.latex-project.org">http://www.latex-project.org</a>.
+<p>The most widely used format. The current release is named
+&lsquo;LaTeX2e&rsquo;; new versions are released approximately every six
+months, with patches issued as needed. The old release was called
+&lsquo;LaTeX 2.09&rsquo;, and is no longer maintained or supported. LaTeX
+attempts to provide generic markup instructions, such as
+&ldquo;emphasize&rdquo;, instead of specific typesetting instructions, such as
+&ldquo;use the 10pt Computer Modern italic font&rdquo;. The LaTeX home
+page: <a href="https://www.latex-project.org">https://www.latex-project.org</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt>context</tt></dt>
-<dd><p>ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document
+<dd><span id="index-ConTeXt"></span>
+<p>ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document
structuring approach similar to LaTeX. It also supports creating
interactive PDF files and has integrated MetaPost support, among many
other interesting features. The ConTeXt home page:
@@ -1858,10 +1900,10 @@ other interesting features. The ConTeXt home page:
<span id="index-Mathematical-Reviews"></span>
<p>The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical Society.
Like LaTeX, it encourages generic markup commands. The AMS also
-provides many LaTeX package for authors who prefer LaTeX. Taken
+provides many LaTeX packages for authors who prefer LaTeX. Taken
together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS publications, e.g.,
<cite>Mathematical Reviews</cite>. The AMSTeX home page:
-<a href="http://www.ams.org/tex">http://www.ams.org/tex</a>.
+<a href="https://www.ams.org/tex">https://www.ams.org/tex</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt>texinfo</tt></dt>
@@ -1872,7 +1914,7 @@ together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS publications, e.g.,
Foundation for their software manuals. It can be automatically
converted into plain text, a machine-readable on-line format called
&lsquo;info&rsquo;, HTML, etc. The Texinfo home page:
-<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo</a>.
+<a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo">https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt>eplain</tt></dt>
@@ -1882,15 +1924,17 @@ converted into plain text, a machine-readable on-line format called
symbolic cross-referencing, tables of contents, indexing, citations
using BibTeX), for those authors who prefer to handle their own
high-level formatting. The Eplain home page:
-<a href="http://www.tug.org/eplain">http://www.tug.org/eplain</a>.
+<a href="https://tug.org/eplain">https://tug.org/eplain</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt>slitex</tt></dt>
<dd><span id="index-SliTeX"></span>
<span id="index-slides_002c-producing"></span>
+<span id="index-beamer_002c-package"></span>
<p>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by
-the &lsquo;<samp>slides</samp>&rsquo; document class, along with the &lsquo;<samp>beamer</samp>&rsquo;,
-&lsquo;<samp>texpower</samp>&rsquo;, and other packages.
+the &lsquo;<samp>slides</samp>&rsquo; document class, although the &lsquo;<samp>beamer</samp>&rsquo; package
+is the most commonly method for making slides nowadays. The Beamer
+page on CTAN: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer">https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
@@ -1901,7 +1945,7 @@ the &lsquo;<samp>slides</samp>&rsquo; document class, along with the &lsquo;<sam
<p>
Next: <a href="#Shell-escapes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Shell escapes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Formats</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Languages-and-hyphenation-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</h3>
+<span id="Languages-and-hyphenation-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.4 Languages and hyphenation</h3>
<span id="index-language-support-in-TeX"></span>
<span id="index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-TeX"></span>
@@ -1924,7 +1968,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Shell-escapes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Shell escapes</a>, Previ
<p>
Next: <a href="#TCX-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">TCX files</a>, Up: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages and hyphenation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="MLTeX_003a-Multi_002dlingual-TeX"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</h4>
+<span id="MLTeX_003a-Multi_002dlingual-TeX"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</h4>
<span id="index-mltex"></span>
<span id="index-Multi_002dlingual-TeX"></span>
@@ -1936,15 +1980,20 @@ Next: <a href="#TCX-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">TCX files</a>, Up: <a href="
<span id="index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs"></span>
<p>Multi-lingual TeX (<code>mltex</code>) is an extension of TeX originally
written by Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd
-Raichle. It allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by
-declaring glyph substitutions. These are restricted to substitutions of
-an accented character glyph, which need not be defined in the current
+Raichle. With the advent of Unicode, it has become obsolete, though
+it is still supported in Web2c in the event of bugs or compilation
+bugs.
+</p>
+<p>MLTeX allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by declaring
+glyph substitutions. These are restricted to substitutions of an
+accented character glyph, which need not be defined in the current
font, by its appropriate <code>\accent</code> construction using a base and
accent character glyph, which do have to exist in the current font.
-This substitution is automatically done behind the scenes, if necessary,
-and thus MLTeX additionally supports hyphenation of words containing
-an accented character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer
-Modern). Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case.
+This substitution is automatically done behind the scenes, if
+necessary, and thus MLTeX additionally supports hyphenation of
+words containing an accented character glyph for fonts missing this
+glyph (e.g., Computer Modern). Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation
+in this case.
</p>
<p>MLTeX works at <samp>.fmt</samp>-creation time: the basic idea is to
specify the &lsquo;<samp>-mltex</samp>&rsquo; option to TeX when you <code>\dump</code> a
@@ -1970,7 +2019,7 @@ Aside from these, MLTeX is completely compatible with standard TeX.
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef" accesskey="n" rel="next">\tracingcharsubdef</a>, Up: <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">MLTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005ccharsubdef_003a-Character-substitutions"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</h4>
+<span id="g_t_005ccharsubdef_003a-Character-substitutions"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</h4>
<span id="index-_005ccharsubdef-and-MLTeX"></span>
@@ -2034,7 +2083,7 @@ accessed often, so changing it is not desirable, nor generally useful.)
<p>
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\charsubdef</a>, Up: <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">MLTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef_003a-Substitution-diagnostics"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h4>
+<span id="g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef_003a-Substitution-diagnostics"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h4>
<span id="index-_005ctracingcharsubdef-and-MLTeX"></span>
<span id="index-redefined-character-substitutions"></span>
@@ -2054,7 +2103,7 @@ more, the character substitutions actually performed at
<p>
Next: <a href="#patgen-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">patgen invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MLTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages and hyphenation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="TCX-files_003a-Character-translations"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</h4>
+<span id="TCX-files_003a-Character-translations"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</h4>
<span id="index-TCX-character-translation-files"></span>
<span id="index-_002etcx-character-translation-files-1"></span>
@@ -2216,7 +2265,7 @@ the dump is ignored and the data from the file used instead.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#TCX-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TCX files</a>, Up: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages and hyphenation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Patgen_003a-Creating-hyphenation-patterns"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</h4>
+<span id="Patgen_003a-Creating-hyphenation-patterns"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</h4>
<span id="index-patgen"></span>
<span id="index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating"></span>
@@ -2246,7 +2295,7 @@ Frank Liang (see <a href="#References">References</a>), and also the <samp>patge
<p>
Next: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">IPC and TeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Languages and hyphenation</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Shell-escapes-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.5 Shell escapes</h3>
+<span id="Shell-escapes-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.5 Shell escapes</h3>
<span id="index-shell-commands-in-TeX"></span>
<span id="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes"></span>
@@ -2256,6 +2305,7 @@ Next: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">IPC and TeX</a>, Previous:
<span id="index-_005cimmediate_005cwrite18"></span>
<span id="index-_005cwrite18-shell-escape-extension"></span>
<span id="index-system-C-library-function"></span>
+<span id="index-texmf_002ecnf-for-shell-escapes"></span>
<p>TeX can execute <em>shell escapes</em>, that is, arbitrary shell
commands. Although tremendously useful, this also has obvious
@@ -2353,7 +2403,7 @@ considered untrustworthy, shell escapes should be completely disabled.
<p>
Next: <a href="#TeX-extensions" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX extensions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Shell-escapes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Shell escapes</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="IPC-and-TeX-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.6 IPC and TeX</h3>
+<span id="IPC-and-TeX-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.6 IPC and TeX</h3>
<span id="index-IPC"></span>
<span id="index-sockets"></span>
@@ -2376,7 +2426,7 @@ debugging.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IPC and TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="TeX-extensions-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.7 TeX extensions</h3>
+<span id="Extended-TeX-engines"></span><h3 class="section">5.7 Extended TeX engines</h3>
<span id="index-extensions-to-TeX"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-extensions-to"></span>
@@ -2389,15 +2439,17 @@ partial list.
<dd><span id="index-e_002dTeX"></span>
<span id="index-primitives_002c-new"></span>
<p>Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and more
-registers. Now frozen.
+registers. Now frozen. More info: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/etex">https://ctan.org/pkg/etex</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Aleph</dt>
<dd><span id="index-Aleph"></span>
+<span id="index-Omega"></span>
<span id="index-Unicode"></span>
<p>This adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more. Omega
was the original program. Aleph is an updated version with a variety
of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX. Aleph is not actively maintained.
+More info: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/aleph">https://ctan.org/pkg/aleph</a>, <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/omega">https://ctan.org/pkg/omega</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>pdfTeX</dt>
@@ -2405,26 +2457,55 @@ of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX. Aleph is not actively maintained.
<span id="index-PDF"></span>
<span id="index-micro_002dtypography"></span>
<span id="index-hypertext"></span>
+<span id="index-etex-is-pdfTeX"></span>
<p>Can produce PDF as well as DVI files. It also incorporates the
e-TeX extensions, new primitives for hypertext and
-micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more. Home
-page: <a href="http://pdftex.org">http://pdftex.org</a>.
+micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more. In
+TeX Live, the command <code>etex</code> invokes pdfTeX to make all
+these additions available with DVI output. Home page:
+<a href="http://pdftex.org">http://pdftex.org</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt>luaTeX</dt>
-<dd><span id="index-luaTeX"></span>
+<dt>LuaTeX</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-LuaTeX"></span>
<span id="index-Lua"></span>
-<p>Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language
-(<a href="http://lua.org">http://lua.org</a>) and opens up the TeX typesetting engine to
-control from Lua. Home page: <a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>.
+<span id="index-UTF_002d8-input_002c-native"></span>
+<span id="index-OpenType-support"></span>
+<span id="index-TrueType-support"></span>
+<span id="index-system-fonts_002c-using"></span>
+<p>Embeds the Lua programming language (<a href="http://lua.org">http://lua.org</a>) and opens
+up the TeX typesetting engine to control from Lua, starting from
+the pdfTeX capabilities as a base. Also natively supports UTF-8
+input, the OpenType and TrueType font formats, and use of system
+fonts. Home page: <a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>XeTeX</dt>
<dd><span id="index-XeTeX"></span>
-<span id="index-Unicode-1"></span>
-<p>Combines support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts
-with the capabilities of pdfTeX.
-Home page: <a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>.
+<span id="index-Unicode-input_002c-native"></span>
+<p>Combines support for Unicode input, the OpenType and TrueType font
+formats, and use of system fonts with the capabilities of pdfTeX,
+with the exception of the font expansion part of micro-typography.
+Home page: <a href="https://tug.org/xetex">https://tug.org/xetex</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>pTeX</dt>
+<dt>upTeX</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-pTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-upTeX"></span>
+<p>With additional support for Japanese; pTeX was the original engine,
+and upTeX has native Unicode support and thus is more useful for
+Chinese and Korean. More info: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex</a>,
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>epTeX</dt>
+<dt>eupTeX</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-epTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-eupTeX"></span>
+<p>Further extends pTeX and upTeX with the e-TeX extensions.
+More info: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/eptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/eptex</a>,
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/euptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/euptex</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
@@ -2435,7 +2516,7 @@ Home page: <a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>.
<p>
Next: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="n" rel="next">MetaPost</a>, Previous: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Metafont_003a-Creating-typeface-families"></span><h2 class="chapter">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</h2>
+<span id="Metafont_003a-Creating-typeface-families"></span><h2 class="chapter">6 Metafont: Creating typeface families</h2>
<span id="index-Metafont"></span>
<span id="index-typeface-families"></span>
@@ -2478,7 +2559,7 @@ description of the Metafont language, see <cite>The METAFONTbook</cite>
<p>
Next: <a href="#Initial-Metafont" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial Metafont</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="mf-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</h3>
+<span id="mf-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</h3>
<span id="index-mf"></span>
<span id="index-Metafont-invocation"></span>
@@ -2602,7 +2683,7 @@ The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is &lsquo;<samp>mf</samp
<p>
Next: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#mf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">mf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Initial-Metafont-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.2 Initial Metafont</h3>
+<span id="Initial-Metafont-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.2 Initial Metafont</h3>
<span id="index-initial-Metafont"></span>
<span id="index-Metafont_002c-initial"></span>
@@ -2653,7 +2734,7 @@ create their own base file, of course.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Online Metafont graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Initial-Metafont" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial Metafont</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Modes_003a-Device-definitions-for-Metafont"></span><h3 class="section">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</h3>
+<span id="Modes_003a-Device-definitions-for-Metafont"></span><h3 class="section">6.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</h3>
<span id="index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont"></span>
<span id="index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions"></span>
@@ -2720,7 +2801,7 @@ and <var>o</var>.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gftodvi invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Modes</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Online-Metafont-graphics-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</h3>
+<span id="Online-Metafont-graphics-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.4 Online Metafont graphics</h3>
<span id="index-online-Metafont-graphics"></span>
<span id="index-Metafont-graphics"></span>
@@ -2882,7 +2963,7 @@ use MFtalk (see <samp>web2c/window/mftalk.c</samp>).
<p>
Next: <a href="#mft-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">mft invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Online Metafont graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="GFtoDVI_003a-Character-proofs-of-fonts"></span><h3 class="section">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</h3>
+<span id="GFtoDVI_003a-Character-proofs-of-fonts"></span><h3 class="section">6.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</h3>
<span id="index-gftodvi"></span>
<span id="index-character-proofs-of-fonts"></span>
@@ -2970,7 +3051,7 @@ position is too crowded with other information.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">gftodvi invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="MFT_003a-Prettyprinting-Metafont-source"></span><h3 class="section">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</h3>
+<span id="MFT_003a-Prettyprinting-Metafont-source"></span><h3 class="section">6.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</h3>
<span id="index-mft"></span>
<span id="index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting"></span>
@@ -3087,16 +3168,19 @@ configure TeX to print these properly.
<p>
Next: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">BibTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Metafont</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="MetaPost_003a-Creating-technical-illustrations"></span><h2 class="chapter">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</h2>
+<span id="MetaPost_003a-Generating-PostScript"></span><h2 class="chapter">7 MetaPost: Generating PostScript</h2>
<span id="index-MetaPost"></span>
<span id="index-PostScript-meets-Metafont"></span>
<span id="index-Metafont-meets-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-technical-illustrations_002c-creating"></span>
<p>MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont
(see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>), but instead of outputting bitmaps in a &ldquo;font&rdquo;, it
outputs PostScript commands. It&rsquo;s primarily intended for creating
-technical illustrations.
+technical illustrations, but can also be used to create PostScript or
+OpenType fonts (<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/metatype1">https://ctan.org/pkg/metatype1</a>).
</p>
+<span id="index-troff_002c-supported-in-MetaPost"></span>
<p>MetaPost also provides for arbitrary integration of text and graphics in
a natural way, using any typesetter (TeX and Troff are both
supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below.
@@ -3116,34 +3200,28 @@ supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial MetaPost</a>, Up: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="u" rel="up">MetaPost</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="mpost-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</h3>
+<span id="mpost-invocation-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</h3>
<span id="index-mpost"></span>
<span id="index-MetaPost-invocation"></span>
-<span id="index-mpman_002eps"></span>
+<span id="index-mpman_002epdf"></span>
<p>MetaPost (installed as <code>mpost</code>) reads a series of pictures
specified in the MetaPost programming language, and outputs
corresponding PostScript code. This section merely describes the
options available in the Web2c implementation. For a complete
description of the MetaPost language, see AT&amp;T technical report
CSTR-162, generally available in <samp><var>texmf</var>/doc/metapost/</samp>,
-where <var>texmf</var> is the root of TeX directory structure. See
-also:
-</p><ul>
-<li> <a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html">http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html</a> (the
- MetaPost author&rsquo;s home page);
-</li><li> <a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a> (papers, packages, and
- related information).
-</li></ul>
-
-<span id="index-mpgraph_002eps"></span>
+where <var>texmf</var> is the root of TeX directory structure.
+The MetaPost home page: <a href="https://tug.org/metapost">https://tug.org/metapost</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-mpgraph_002epdf"></span>
<p>Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in
AT&amp;T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file <samp>mpgraph.ps</samp>,
generally stored alongside <samp>mpman.ps</samp>.
</p>
-<p>MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump (mem)
-file in a way exactly analogous to Metafont and TeX (see <a href="#tex-invocation"><code>tex</code> invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).
+<p>MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump
+(mem) file in a way analogous to Metafont and TeX (see <a href="#tex-invocation"><code>tex</code> invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).
Synopses:
</p>
<div class="example">
@@ -3294,7 +3372,7 @@ typeset the labels.
<p>
Next: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">dvitomp invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#mpost-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">mpost invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="u" rel="up">MetaPost</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Initial-MetaPost-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.2 Initial MetaPost</h3>
+<span id="Initial-MetaPost-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.2 Initial MetaPost</h3>
<span id="index-initial-MetaPost"></span>
<span id="index-MetaPost_002c-initial"></span>
@@ -3324,7 +3402,7 @@ Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI (see <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi in
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial MetaPost</a>, Up: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="u" rel="up">MetaPost</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="DVItoMP_003a-DVI-to-MPX-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</h3>
+<span id="DVItoMP_003a-DVI-to-MPX-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">7.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</h3>
<span id="index-dvitomp"></span>
<span id="index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX"></span>
@@ -3354,7 +3432,7 @@ MetaPost commands.
<p>
Next: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="n" rel="next">WEB</a>, Previous: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MetaPost</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="BibTeX_003a-Bibliographies"></span><h2 class="chapter">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</h2>
+<span id="BibTeX_003a-Bibliographies"></span><h2 class="chapter">8 BibTeX: Bibliographies</h2>
<span id="index-bibliographies_002c-creating"></span>
<span id="index-BibTeX"></span>
@@ -3375,7 +3453,7 @@ makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Basic BibTeX style files</a>, Up: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">BibTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="BibTeX-invocation"></span><h3 class="section">7.1 BibTeX invocation</h3>
+<span id="BibTeX-invocation"></span><h3 class="section">8.1 BibTeX invocation</h3>
<span id="index-bibtex"></span>
@@ -3483,7 +3561,7 @@ for TUGboat.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#bibtex-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">bibtex invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">BibTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Basic-BibTeX-style-files-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</h3>
+<span id="Basic-BibTeX-style-files-1"></span><h3 class="section">8.2 Basic BibTeX style files</h3>
<span id="index-basic-BibTeX-style-files"></span>
<span id="index-BibTeX-style-files"></span>
@@ -3552,7 +3630,7 @@ abbreviations, names in small caps.
<p>
Next: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="n" rel="next">DVI utilities</a>, Previous: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BibTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="WEB_003a-Literate-programming"></span><h2 class="chapter">8 WEB: Literate programming</h2>
+<span id="WEB_003a-Literate-programming"></span><h2 class="chapter">9 WEB: Literate programming</h2>
<span id="index-WEB"></span>
<span id="index-literate-programming"></span>
@@ -3599,7 +3677,7 @@ which is included in the <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tu
<p>
Next: <a href="#weave-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">weave invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="u" rel="up">WEB</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Tangle_003a-Translate-WEB-to-Pascal"></span><h3 class="section">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</h3>
+<span id="Tangle_003a-Translate-WEB-to-Pascal"></span><h3 class="section">9.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</h3>
<span id="index-tangle"></span>
<span id="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB"></span>
@@ -3680,7 +3758,7 @@ whether they collide.
<p>
Next: <a href="#pooltype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pooltype invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#tangle-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tangle invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="u" rel="up">WEB</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Weave_003a-Translate-WEB-to-TeX"></span><h3 class="section">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</h3>
+<span id="Weave_003a-Translate-WEB-to-TeX"></span><h3 class="section">9.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</h3>
<span id="index-weave"></span>
<span id="index-TeX_002c-creating-from-WEB"></span>
@@ -3729,7 +3807,7 @@ first change in the change file).
<p>
Previous: <a href="#weave-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">weave invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="u" rel="up">WEB</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Pooltype_003a-Display-WEB-pool-files"></span><h3 class="section">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</h3>
+<span id="Pooltype_003a-Display-WEB-pool-files"></span><h3 class="section">9.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</h3>
<span id="index-pooltype"></span>
<span id="index-type-programs_002c-pool"></span>
@@ -3775,7 +3853,7 @@ output.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font utilities</a>, Previous: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="p" rel="prev">WEB</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="DVI-utilities-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">9 DVI utilities</h2>
+<span id="DVI-utilities-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">10 DVI utilities</h2>
<span id="index-DVI-utilities"></span>
@@ -3807,7 +3885,7 @@ drivers; they perform generic utility functions.
<p>
Next: <a href="#dvitype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">dvitype invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">DVI utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="DVIcopy_003a-Canonicalize-virtual-font-references"></span><h3 class="section">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</h3>
+<span id="DVIcopy_003a-Canonicalize-virtual-font-references"></span><h3 class="section">10.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</h3>
<span id="index-dvicopy"></span>
<span id="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding"></span>
@@ -3860,7 +3938,7 @@ matches anything. Examples: &lsquo;<samp>3</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>1.*.-4</
<p>
Previous: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">dvicopy invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">DVI utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="DVItype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-DVI-files"></span><h3 class="section">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</h3>
+<span id="DVItype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-DVI-files"></span><h3 class="section">10.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</h3>
<span id="index-dvitype-DVI-validation"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text"></span>
@@ -3956,7 +4034,7 @@ use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in
<p>
Up: <a href="#dvitype-invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvitype invocation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="DVItype-output-example"></span><h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 DVItype output example</h4>
+<span id="DVItype-output-example"></span><h4 class="subsection">10.2.1 DVItype output example</h4>
<span id="index-dvitype-output-example"></span>
<p>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is
@@ -4043,7 +4121,7 @@ STORY]</samp>&rsquo; and the &lsquo;<samp>[ 1]</samp>&rsquo;.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Legalisms" accesskey="n" rel="next">Legalisms</a>, Previous: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DVI utilities</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Font-utilities-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">10 Font utilities</h2>
+<span id="Font-utilities-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">11 Font utilities</h2>
<span id="index-font-utilities"></span>
@@ -4089,7 +4167,7 @@ mentioned below are in the source files that read them;
<p>
Next: <a href="#gftopk-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gftopk invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Font-file-formats-1"></span><h3 class="section">10.1 Font file formats</h3>
+<span id="Font-file-formats-1"></span><h3 class="section">11.1 Font file formats</h3>
<span id="index-font-file-formats"></span>
<span id="index-file-formats-for-fonts"></span>
@@ -4176,7 +4254,7 @@ distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#pktogf-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pktogf invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-file-formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font file formats</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="GFtoPK_003a-Generic-to-packed-font-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</h3>
+<span id="GFtoPK_003a-Generic-to-packed-font-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">11.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</h3>
<span id="index-gftopk"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK"></span>
@@ -4216,7 +4294,7 @@ of &lsquo;<samp><var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>pk</samp>&rsquo;, e.g., &lsquo;<
<p>
Next: <a href="#pktype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pktype invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#gftopk-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">gftopk invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="PKtoGF_003a-Packed-to-generic-font-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</h3>
+<span id="PKtoGF_003a-Packed-to-generic-font-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">11.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</h3>
<span id="index-pktogf"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF"></span>
@@ -4255,7 +4333,7 @@ of &lsquo;<samp><var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>gf</samp>&rsquo;, e.g., &lsquo;<
<p>
Next: <a href="#gftype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gftype invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#pktogf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pktogf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="PKtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-packed-fonts"></span><h3 class="section">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</h3>
+<span id="PKtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-packed-fonts"></span><h3 class="section">11.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</h3>
<span id="index-pktype-PK-validation"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text"></span>
@@ -4384,7 +4462,7 @@ lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row.
<p>
Next: <a href="#tftopl-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">tftopl invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#pktype-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pktype invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="GFtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-generic-fonts"></span><h3 class="section">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</h3>
+<span id="GFtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-generic-fonts"></span><h3 class="section">11.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</h3>
<span id="index-gftype-GF-validation"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text"></span>
@@ -4557,7 +4635,7 @@ times the ratio of the true width to the font&rsquo;s design size. The
<p>
Next: <a href="#pltotf-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pltotf invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#gftype-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">gftype invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="TFtoPL_003a-TeX-font-metric-to-property-list-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</h3>
+<span id="TFtoPL_003a-TeX-font-metric-to-property-list-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">11.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</h3>
<span id="index-tftopl"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list"></span>
@@ -4716,7 +4794,7 @@ ligatures for this character as a comment.
<p>
Next: <a href="#vftovp-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">vftovp invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#tftopl-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tftopl invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="PLtoTF_003a-Property-list-to-TeX-font-metric-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</h3>
+<span id="PLtoTF_003a-Property-list-to-TeX-font-metric-conversion"></span><h3 class="section">11.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</h3>
<span id="index-pltotf"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM"></span>
@@ -4750,7 +4828,7 @@ output by default is undesirable.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#vptovf-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">vptovf invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#pltotf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pltotf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="VFtoVP_003a-Virtual-font-to-virtual-property-lists"></span><h3 class="section">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</h3>
+<span id="VFtoVP_003a-Virtual-font-to-virtual-property-lists"></span><h3 class="section">11.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</h3>
<span id="index-vftovp"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL"></span>
@@ -4812,7 +4890,7 @@ confusing.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>, Previous: <a href="#vftovp-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">vftovp invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="VPtoVF_003a-Virtual-property-lists-to-virtual-font"></span><h3 class="section">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</h3>
+<span id="VPtoVF_003a-Virtual-property-lists-to-virtual-font"></span><h3 class="section">11.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</h3>
<span id="index-vptovf"></span>
<span id="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF"></span>
@@ -4845,7 +4923,7 @@ specified, the VF output is written to the basename of
<p>
Previous: <a href="#vptovf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">vptovf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<span id="Font-utilities-available-elsewhere-1"></span><h3 class="section">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</h3>
+<span id="Font-utilities-available-elsewhere-1"></span><h3 class="section">11.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</h3>
<span id="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c"></span>
@@ -4907,14 +4985,7 @@ distribution. Alternatively, <code>ps2pk</code>, from
<span id="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion"></span>
<span id="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion"></span>
PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB
-formats): <a href="http://www.lcdf.org/type">http://www.lcdf.org/type</a>.
-
-</li><li> <span id="index-scanned-images-of-fonts"></span>
-<span id="index-typeface-specimen-sheets"></span>
-<span id="index-fontutils"></span>
-Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type
-specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.:
-<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/">http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/</a>.
+formats): <a href="https://www.lcdf.org/type">https://www.lcdf.org/type</a>.
</li><li> <span id="index-autotrace"></span>
<span id="index-potrace"></span>
@@ -4927,7 +4998,7 @@ the two programs <code>mftrace</code>
</li><li> <span id="index-virtual-font-creation"></span>
<span id="index-fontinst_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts"></span>
-Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/fonts/utilities/fontinst</samp>.
+Virtual font creation: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/fontinst">https://ctan.org/pkg/fontinst</a>.
</li></ul>
@@ -4945,46 +5016,28 @@ Next: <a href="#References" accesskey="n" rel="next">References</a>, Previous: <
<p>In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying
permissions for that file. Following is a summary.
</p>
-<p>The Web2c system itself and most of the original WEB source files are
-public domain.
-</p>
-<p><samp>tex.web</samp>, the MLTeX code, <samp>mf.web</samp>, and <samp>bibtex.web</samp>,
-are copyrighted by their authors. They may be copied verbatim, but may
-be modified only through a <samp>.ch</samp> file.
-</p>
-<p>MetaPost-related files, including <samp>mp.web</samp> itself, are copyrighted
-under X-like terms; the precise notice is included below.
-</p>
-<p>Finally, the Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General
-Public License (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Introduction">Introduction</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). Therefore,
-the <em>binaries</em> resulting from a standard Web2c compilation are also
+<p>The Stanford TeX programs and Web2c system itself are in the public
+domain (<a href="https://tug.org/texlive/copying.html">https://tug.org/texlive/copying.html</a>). The sources may
+be copied verbatim, or used as the starting point of new software
+under different names; however, per the wishes of the authors, they
+should be modified only through a <samp>.ch</samp> file, but this is in the
+nature of a development request rather than a legal requirement.
+</p>
+<p>MLTeX, pdfTeX, LuaTeX, XeTeX, and all the other derived
+engines have used various license terms for their additions to the
+base code, often the GPL (see <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/#GPL">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/#GPL</a>
+or (for example) the file <samp>web2c/pdftexdir/COPYINGv2</samp>. They also
+mostly make use of additional libraries with their own (compatible)
+terms. Please see each program&rsquo;s sources.
+</p>
+<p>The Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
+License (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Introduction">Introduction</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). Therefore, the
+<em>binaries</em> resulting from a standard Web2c compilation are also
covered by the LGPL; so if you (re)distribute the binaries, you must
also (offer to) distribute the complete source that went into those
-binaries. See the file <samp>LGPL</samp> for complete details on the LGPL.
-</p>
-<p>The following notice must be included by the terms of the MetaPost
-copyright.
-</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
-documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
-provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
-both that the copyright notice and this permission notice and warranty
-disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of
-AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories or any of its entities not be used in advertising
-or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without
-specific, written prior permission.
-</p>
-<p>AT&amp;T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including
-all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event
-shall AT&amp;T be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages
-or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits,
-whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action,
-arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this
-software.
-</p></blockquote>
-
-
+binaries. See <a href="https://gnu.org/licenses/#LGPL">https://gnu.org/licenses/#LGPL</a> or the file
+<samp>kpathsea/COPYING.LESSERv2</samp>.
+</p>
<hr>
<span id="References"></span><div class="header">
<p>
@@ -5000,10 +5053,11 @@ Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#L
</li><li> Dvips and Afm2tfm: See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>.
-</li><li> The TeX Users Group: <a href="http://www.tug.org">http://www.tug.org</a>. For an introduction
-to the TeX system, see <a href="http://tug.org/begin.html">http://tug.org/begin.html</a>.
+</li><li> The TeX Users Group: <a href="https://tug.org">https://tug.org</a>. For an introduction
+to the TeX system, see <a href="https://tug.org/begin.html">https://tug.org/begin.html</a>.
-</li><li> TUGboat: <a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat">http://tug.org/TUGboat</a>.
+</li><li> TUGboat, the principal journal for the TeX world:
+<a href="https://tug.org/TUGboat">https://tug.org/TUGboat</a>.
</li><li> TeX and computer typesetting in general:<br>
<a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib</a>.
@@ -5017,18 +5071,13 @@ TeX project, see the books <cite>TeX: The Program</cite> or
Neenie Billawala.
Write-white printing engines and tuning fonts with Metafont.
<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 8(1):29&ndash;32, April 1987.
-<a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf</a>.
-
-</li><li> [GMS94]
-Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
-<cite>The LaTeX Companion</cite>.
-Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.
+<a href="https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf">https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf</a>.
</li><li> [Hob89]
John D. Hobby.
A Metafont-like system with PS output.
<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 10(4):505&ndash;512, December 1989.
-<a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a>.
+<a href="https://tug.org/metapost">https://tug.org/metapost</a>.
</li><li> [Hob92]
John D. Hobby.
@@ -5051,6 +5100,7 @@ An authoritative reference to the C programming language, and a good
Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy.
<cite>The CWEB System of Structured Documentation, Version 3.0</cite>.
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1993.
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/cweb">https://ctan.org/pkg/cweb</a>.
</li><li> [Knu84]
Donald E. Knuth.
@@ -5102,7 +5152,7 @@ This is an updated version of Knuth:1988:ET.
Donald Knuth.
Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards.
<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 11(1):13&ndash;23, April 1990.
-<a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf</a>.
+<a href="https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf">https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf</a>.
</li><li> [Knu92]
Donald E. Knuth.
@@ -5115,13 +5165,13 @@ Leslie Lamport.
<cite>LaTeX: A Document Preparation System: User&rsquo;s Guide and Reference
Manual</cite>.
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, second edition, 1994.
-Reprinted with corrections in 1996.
+Reprinted with corrections, 1996.
</li><li> [Lia83]
Franklin Mark Liang.
Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter.
Technical Report STAN-CS-83-977, Stanford University, August 1983.
-<a href="http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf">http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf</a>.
+<a href="https://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf">https://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf</a>.
</li><li> [Mac91]
Pierre A. MacKay.
@@ -5132,18 +5182,6 @@ In Robert A. Morris and Jacques Andre, editors, <cite>Raster Imaging and
Boston, Oct. 14&ndash;16, 1991</cite>, pages 205&ndash;215, New York, 1991. Cambridge
University Press.
-</li><li> [Spi89]
-Michael D. Spivak.
-<cite>LAMSTeX, The Synthesis</cite>.
-The TeXplorators Corporation, 3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273, Houston, TX
- 77027, USA, 1989.
-
-</li><li> [Spi90]
-Michael D. Spivak.
-<cite>The Joy of TeX&mdash;A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the
- AMSTeX macro package</cite>.
-American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition, 1990.
-
</li></ol>
@@ -5271,6 +5309,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dchange_003dchfile"><code>-change=<var>chfile</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dcharcode_002dformat_003dtype"><code>-charcode-format=<var>type</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dcharcode_002dformat_003dtype-1"><code>-charcode-format=<var>type</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dcnf_002dline"><code>-cnf-line</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dD-compiler-options"><code>-D <span class="roman">compiler options</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ddisable_002dwrite18"><code>-disable-write18</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ddpi_003dreal"><code>-dpi=<var>real</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5431,6 +5470,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-basic-fonts-and-macros">basic fonts and macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-batch-languages">batch languages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion">BDF and GF conversion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beamer_002c-package"><code>beamer<span class="roman">, package</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beginfig"><code>beginfig</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl">Berry, Karl</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_002c-search-path-for-bib-files"><code>BIBINPUTS<span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5497,7 +5537,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime">configuration, compile-time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-options"><code>configure --with/--enable <span class="roman">options</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for">control sequence names, space for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conventions-for-options_002c">conventions for options,</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK">conversion, GF to PK</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5569,14 +5609,19 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eoc-GF-command"><code>eoc <span class="roman">GF command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eplain">Eplain</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epsf"><code>epsf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epTeX">epTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at">errors, editor invoked at</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal">escapement, horizontal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-1">escapement, horizontal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical">escapement, vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-etex-for-MetaPost-labels"><code>etex <span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-etex-is-pdfTeX"><code>etex <span class="roman">is pdfTeX</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eupTeX">eupTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin">executables, shared initial and virgin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape">exit status, of shell escape</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format">expanded plain format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expand_005fdepth"><code>expand_depth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expansion-limit_002c-recursive">expansion limit, recursive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-and-_005cinput-filenames">expansion, and <code>\input</code> filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filename-caveats">\input filename caveats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extensions-to-TeX">extensions to TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extra_005fmem_005fbot"><code>extra_mem_bot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
@@ -5611,8 +5656,6 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontforge"><code>fontforge</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontinst_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts"><code>fontinst<span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-basic">fonts, basic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontutils"><code>fontutils</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font_005fmem_005fsize"><code>font_mem_size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-format-files">format files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formats-for-TeX">formats for TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formats-Make-target"><code>formats <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr>
@@ -5649,12 +5692,9 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e">Harbison, Samuel P.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hardware-and-memory-dumps">hardware and memory dumps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of">hash table, increasing size of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hash_005fextra"><code>hash_extra</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headerbyte-information"><code>headerbyte <span class="roman">information</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels">height, in pixels</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-help_002c-online">help, online</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Henry_002c-Patrick">Henry, Patrick</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias">Herberts, Mathias</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-history">history</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
@@ -5723,6 +5763,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-side-bearing">left side bearing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-1">left side bearing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-legalisms">legalisms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-libsigsegv-library"><code>libsigsegv <span class="roman">library</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-licensing-terms">licensing terms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LIG-property"><code>LIG <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files">ligature table, in TFM files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5731,9 +5772,10 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-links-to-binaries">links to binaries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literate-programming">literate programming</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LittleEndian-machines">LittleEndian machines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-location-of-texmf_002ecnf-in-TeX-Live">location of <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> in TeX Live</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-log-file_002c-BibTeX">log file, BibTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lua">Lua</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-luaTeX">luaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-machine-dependencies">machine dependencies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr>
@@ -5797,11 +5839,12 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-modes_002emf-recommended-modes-file"><code>modes.mf <span class="roman">recommended modes file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode_005fdef"><code>mode_def</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode_005fsetup"><code>mode_setup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-modifying-texmf_002ecnf-in-TeX-Live">modifying <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> in TeX Live</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim">Morgan, Tim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Morris_002c-Bob">Morris, Bob</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MPEDIT"><code>MPEDIT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpgraph_002eps"><code>mpgraph.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpman_002eps"><code>mpman.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpgraph_002epdf"><code>mpgraph.pdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpman_002epdf"><code>mpman.pdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpost"><code>mpost</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpost_002c-reason-for-name-change"><code>mpost<span class="roman">, reason for name change</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpout"><code>mpout</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5826,8 +5869,10 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels">offset for overflow labels</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Omega">Omega</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics">online Metafont graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI">opcodes, showing DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenType-support">OpenType support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling">optical font scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option-conventions">option conventions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-origin">origin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5837,6 +5882,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-files_002c-written-by-TeX-programs">output files, written by TeX programs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_005fcomment-for-DVI-files"><code>output_comment <span class="roman">for DVI files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset">overflow label offset</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overflow_002c-of-runtime-stack">overflow, of runtime stack</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packet-length">packet length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -5909,6 +5955,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ps2pk"><code>ps2pk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_002c-read-by-MetaPost"><code>psfonts.map<span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pTeX">pTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained">PXL files, explained</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pxtoch"><code>pxtoch</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
@@ -5921,6 +5968,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-TeX-in">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-TeX-in-1">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reallocation-of-arrays">reallocation of arrays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-recursive-expansion-limit">recursive expansion limit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions">redefined character substitutions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reference-pixel">reference pixel</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references">references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#References">References</a></td></tr>
@@ -5936,16 +5984,17 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps">run length encoded bitmaps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-1">run length encoded bitmaps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-runtime-options">runtime options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-runtime-stack-overflow">runtime stack overflow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaled-pixels">scaled pixels</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-1">scaled pixels</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts">scaling of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts">scanned images of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-output-files">security, and output files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes">security, and shell escapes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-write">security, and <code>write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_005copenout">security, and <code>\openout</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-segmentation-fault">segmentation fault</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shapes">shapes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sharing-memory-dumps">sharing memory dumps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-TeX">shell commands in TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr>
@@ -5954,6 +6003,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-siam_002ebst"><code>siam.bst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-side-bearings">side bearings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-side-bearings-1">side bearings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SIGSEGV"><code>SIGSEGV</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slant-font">slant font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing">slides, producing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SliTeX">SliTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
@@ -5983,6 +6033,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files">syntax of TCX files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-C-library-function"><code>system <span class="roman">C library function</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-command">system command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-fonts_002c-using">system fonts, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr>
@@ -5991,6 +6042,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangle"><code>tangle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-targets_002c-additional-Make">targets, additional Make</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TCX-character-translation-files"><code>TCX <span class="roman">character translation files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-technical-illustrations_002c-creating">technical illustrations, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tek"><code>tek</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tektronix">Tektronix</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014">Tektronix 4014</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
@@ -6015,13 +6067,16 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Texinfo">Texinfo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-1"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-for-editors"><code>texmf.cnf <span class="roman">for editors</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-for-shell-escapes"><code>texmf.cnf <span class="roman">for shell escapes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-used-for-reading"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT<span class="roman">, used for reading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-used-if-_002e-unwritable"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT<span class="roman">, used if &lsquo;<samp>.</samp>&rsquo; unwritable</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmf_005fcasefold_005fsearch"><code>texmf_casefold_search</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texput"><code>texput</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained">TFM files, explained</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for">TFM files, memory for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters">TFM width of characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
@@ -6044,8 +6099,10 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tripman_002etex"><code>tripman.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-triptrap-Make-target"><code>triptrap <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost">Troff, and MetaPost</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-troff_002c-supported-in-MetaPost"><code>troff<span class="roman">, supported in MetaPost</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for">Troff, WEB for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Trojan-horses-and-TeX-programs">Trojan horses and TeX programs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TrueType-support">TrueType support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography">TUGboat bibliography</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion">Type 1 conversion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal">type design, personal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr>
@@ -6054,16 +6111,17 @@ Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK">type programs, PK</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool">type programs, pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typeface-families">typeface families</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets">typeface specimen sheets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typesetting">typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-1">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-input">Unicode input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-input_002c-native">Unicode input, native</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uniterm"><code>uniterm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-upTeX">upTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input">UTF-8 input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input_002c-native">UTF-8 input, native</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files">validation, of DVI files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr>