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+%% file: TXSfonts.doc - Type Sizes and Styles - TeXsis version 2.18
+%% @(#) $Id: TXSfonts.doc,v 18.2 2000/05/17 00:19:46 myers Exp $
+%======================================================================*
+% (C) Copyright 1989, 1992 by Eric Myers and Frank E. Paige
+% This file is a part of TeXsis. Distribution and/or modifications
+% are allowed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL).
+% See the file COPYING or ftp://ftp.texsis.org/texsis/LPPL
+%======================================================================*
+\ifx\undefined\meta\texsis\input TXSdocM.doc\draft\fi
+
+
+\section{Type Sizes, Type Styles, and Line Spacing \label{sect.fonts}}
+
+This section describes the \TeXsis\ commands for changing font sizes,
+typestyles and the spacing between lines. It also describes how you
+can make footnotes, and a special feature for balancing quotation
+marks.
+
+\subsection{Type Sizes and Styles}
+
+Plain \TeX\ is set up to use 10\pt\ type, with smaller sizes for
+superscripts and subscripts.
+\TeXsis\ expands the available type sizes to include 11, 12, 14, and
+16\pt\ type, and \TeXsis\ makes it easy to change from one size of
+type to another.
+Type sizes are selected with the following commands:
+\index{type sizes}%
+\description{Xtwentyfourpointpoint\qquad}
+\itm{\CS{ninepoint}}
+Gives 9 \pt\ type (not illustrated).
+\itm{\CS{tenpoint} }
+Gives {\tenpoint 10 \pt\ type, like this.}
+\itm{\CS{elevenpoint} }
+Gives 11 \pt\ type. (not illustrated).
+\itm{\CS{twelvepoint} }
+Gives {\twelvepoint 12 \pt\ type, like this.}
+\itm{\CS{fourteenpoint} }
+Gives {\fourteenpoint 14 \pt\ type, like this.}
+\itm{\CS{sixteenpoint} }
+Gives {\sixteenpoint 16 \pt\ type, like this.}
+\itm{\CS{twentypoint}}
+Gives 20 \pt\ type (not illustrated).
+\itm{\CS{twentyfourpoint}}
+Gives 24 \pt\ type (not illustrated).
+\enddescription
+In some implementations of \TeX\ there is insufficient room to load
+all of these fonts, so \idx{fonts} are loaded only when they are first
+used, and not all of them can be illustrated here.
+\TeXsis\ starts out with \CS{tenpoint}, just like Plain \TeX, but
+switches to \CS{twelvepoint} once you say \cs{texsis}.
+
+In Plain \TeX\ you can switch between Roman, Bold, or Italic
+typestyles with the commands \cs{rm}, \cs{bf}, and \cs{it}.
+The same is true with \TeXsis.
+These commands change the style of the type, but not the size.
+The complete set of commands to change typestyles is:
+\index{typestyles}%
+\description{~rm~\qquad}
+\itm{\cs{rm} }
+Gives Roman type. Available in all sizes.
+\itm{\cs{it} }
+Gives {\it italic type} for emphasis. Available in all sizes.
+\itm{\cs{sl} }
+Gives {\sl slanted type} for book titles, etc. Available in all sizes.
+\itm{\cs{bf} }
+Gives {\bf bold face type} for emphasis. Available in all sizes.
+\itm{\cs{tt} }
+Gives {\tt typewriter type} for listing computer programs, \TeX\
+examples, etc. Available in 10, 11, and 12~pt.
+\itm{\CS{mib}}
+Gives math italic bold in math mode (|$...$|) for titles. Available in
+10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 20, and 24~pt base sizes, but the minimum size for
+subscripts and superscripts is 10\pt.
+\itm{\CS{scr}}
+Gives script capital letters (using Ralph Smith's Formal Script fonts,
+the |rsfs| fonts, if they are available on your computer).
+Use |\scr| as you would use |\cal|.
+\enddescription
+
+ \TeXsis\ includes the mathematics fonts in all sizes; these are
+used automatically when you type equations between the math quotes,
+|$...$|. Limited \idx{sans-serif fonts} are also available using the commands
+\cs{tenss} and \cs{twelvess}.
+
+ Two special symbols, \CS{Tbf} and \CS{tbf}, are used to produce
+``\idx{Title bold face}'' and ``\idx{small title bold face}.'' The first is
+used to print the title of a paper and titles of the chapters of a
+paper, and the second is used to print the titles of sections of a
+paper. You are free to change the definitions of these control words,
+but if you do not they default to 14\pt\ boldface for \CS{Tbf} and 12\pt\
+boldface for \CS{tbf}.
+
+ Math italic bold (\CS{mib}) is listed with the other fonts but
+is actually slightly different: it substitutes boldfaced versions of
+the math italic and math symbol fonts for the normal ones {\sl
+everywhere\/} in math mode (|$...$|). These fonts are available only
+with with Computer Modern fonts and only in 10\pt\ and larger sizes;
+the standard math fonts are used for smaller superscripts. Since
+\CS{mib} effectively redefines |$..$|, it must be placed before the
+math material (i.e., outside the math quotes) and the whole formula
+will be bold. For example,
+\TeXexample
+{\tbf\mib Observation of $Z^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-$}
+|endTeXexample
+will produce the indicated text in \CS{tbf} size with a bold formula,
+provided you have the right fonts. The easiest way to find out is to try
+it. Since the \CS{mib} fonts are not available everywhere, they are never
+loaded or used unless you explicitly ask for them.
+
+ Plain \TeX\ includes a \idx{calligraphic script} font known as
+\cs{cal}, but the letters in this font are not quite what most
+physicists are accustomed to using for things like \idx{Lagrangian}
+densities or \idx{functional measure}s.
+Ralph Smith\index{Smith, Ralph} of U.C. San Diego has created a new
+``\idx{formal script}'' font with much better letters for such
+purposes, and \TeXsis\ supports this font provided that it is
+available on your computer.
+To get this new font you simply use \CS{scr} in place of \cs{cal}.
+An example is:
+\TeXexample
+$$
+ {\scr L} = - \del^\mu \phi^\ast \del_\mu \phi + m^2 \phi^2
+$$
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+Unfortunately, we don't know if your computer has the |rsfs|
+fonts\index{rsfs font} so we won't try to show you the output from
+this example.
+The quickest way to determine whether the fonts are available on your
+system is to try this example and verify that \TeX\ does not complain
+about the font.
+If your system does not have the font then you can obtain it from
+CTAN, or from the \TeXsis\ ftp server. (See the front cover of this
+manual for instructions.)
+
+\bigskip
+\pagecheck{0.65\vsize}
+
+\subsection{Interline Spacing}
+
+ When you use the macros \cs{tenpoint}, \cs{twelvepoint}, etc., the
+style of the type is reset to Roman, as if you'd also typed \cs{rm}. The
+\idx{baseline skip} (the \idx{distance between lines}) is also set to be
+suitable for the type size.
+Several commands are provided that vary the interline spacing, both in
+the text and in auxiliary material such as tables.
+These are:
+\description{~doublespaced~\qquad}\singlespaced\parskip=12pt
+%
+\itm{\CS{doublespaced}}
+Makes the baseline skip 1.5 times its normal value.
+True double spacing looks too wide with typesetting.
+%
+\itm{\CS{singlespaced} }
+Resets the baseline skip to its normal value.
+%
+\itm{\CS{TrueDoubleSpacing}}
+Makes the baselineskip twice its normal value.
+This usually looks too wide for a final document, but it is desirable
+in a manuscript being submitted to journals such as Physical Review.
+%
+\itm{\CS{triplespaced}}
+Makes the baseline skip 3~times its normal value.
+This should only be used for drafts of papers to leave room for notes
+or corrections.
+%
+\itm{\CS{widenspacing}}
+Increases the current spacing by a factor of 1.25.
+With single spacing this is the analog of $1 {1\over2}$ spacing on a
+typewriter.
+Repeating |\widenspacing| increases the spacing by 1.25~times whatever
+it already was; it does not reset the spacing to singlespaced first.
+\enddescription
+When \TeXsis\ is first started the default is |\singlespaced|, but once
+it is initialized with the |\texsis| command (or |\preprint| or
+|\paper|, etc...) the spacing is set to |\doublespaced|.
+
+
+\bigskip
+\pagecheck{0.65\vsize}
+
+\subsection{Footnotes}
+
+ Even when a paper is double spaced, you may want to have the
+footnotes single spaced. Also, if the text is in 12~point type you may
+nevertheless want to have the footnotes in 10~point type.
+In \TeXsis\ you can do this easily using \CS{Footnote} in place of
+\cs{footnote}, as in this example:\Footnote\dag{This is an example of
+the use of {\tt\bs Footnote} in \TeXsis.}\index{footnotes}%
+\TeXexample
+... as in this example:\Footnote\dag{This is an example of
+the use of {\tt\bs Footnote} in \TeXsis.}
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+|\Footnote| also automatically puts the reference mark (in this case the
+dagger symbol |\dag|) in a superscript.\Footnote{*}{The footnote
+character is typeset in math mode, as if it were between two {\tt
+\$}'s.}\ \
+%
+The typestyle used for the text of the footnote is
+controlled by \CS{FootFont}, which defaults to:
+\TeXexample
+\def\FootFont{\tenpoint}
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+If you want to change this you can do so somewhere near the beginning of
+your document. The spacing between multiple paragraphs in a |\Footnote|
+(if you are prone to being so verbose) is set to zero, regardless of the
+\cs{parskip} in the main part of the document, but you can also change
+this by adding \cs{parskip}|=|\meta{amount} to your new definition of
+|\FootFont|. If you want a singlespaced footnote in the |\FootFont|
+typestyle but without putting a reference
+mark in the text you can use
+\CS{Vfootnote} just as you would use \cs{vfootnote} in Plain \TeX. And
+of course if |\Footnote| or |\Vfootnote| cannot do what you need even
+after changing |\FootFont| then you can always use \cs{footnote} or
+\cs{vfootnote} from Plain \TeX.%%
+%
+\Footnote{\ddag}{A technical footnote: With
+|\footnote| from plain \TeX\ the group is closed before the footnote is
+typeset, so any line spacing you set inside the footnote is lost. You
+can solve this by putting a |\par| or |\vskip 0pt| at the end of your
+footnote, but then the final strut is put on a separate line. Getting
+footnotes to work just right is tricky business, which is why we wrote
+\CS{Footnote}.}
+
+\bigskip
+
+Sometimes it is desirable to have footnotes numbered consecutively.
+This is easily done with \CS{NFootnote}, which keeps a count of the
+footnotes it has created and uses the numbers for the reference marks.
+Just as with \CS{Footnote}, the text is single spaced and printed in
+the \CS{FootFont} typestyle.\NFootnote{This is an example of a
+numbered footnote, which was created by saying ``|...printed in the
+{\tt\bs FootFont} typestyle.\NFootnote{This is an example ... }|''}
+The footnote counter is called \CS{footnum}, so if you want to start
+over numbering footnotes (at the begining of a new chapter, for
+example), then simply set this back to zero, by saying
+\TeXexample
+\footnum=0
+|endTeXexample
+
+
+%==================================================*
+\pagecheck{0.65\vsize}
+
+\subsection{Automatic Quote Balancing}
+
+One of the differences between typing and typesetting is the way in
+which quote marks are handled.
+On a typewriter you would simply use the non-oriented double-quote
+mark (|"|) both to begin and end the quoted material.
+In typesetting, however, quoted text begins with a left-quote mark
+(``) and ends with a right-quote mark ('').
+To produce these in \TeX\ you have to type two single-quote marks,
+either |``| or |''|.
+This is not very difficult to do, but unless you have an editing
+program which does it for you, it is easy to forget and use the
+double-quote marks instead.
+With \TeXsis\ that's okay.
+If you say\index{quote balancing}%
+\example
+\CS{quoteon}
+\endexample
+then the next time a double-quote mark comes along it will be
+translated into a left-quote mark.
+The double-quote mark after that will become a right-quote mark, and
+so on, so that material enclosed in double-quote marks will be typeset
+correctly.
+All you have to do is remember to use the double-quote marks in pairs.
+
+ In some special cases you may not want \TeXsis\ to be so smart
+about double-quotes. You can turn this feature off by saying
+\example
+\CS{quoteoff}
+\endexample
+The default though, once you have said |\texsis|, is |\quoteon|.
+
+%>>> EOF TXSfonts.doc <<<