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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/pmgraph/pmgraph.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/pmgraph/pmgraph.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..986bc178c09 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/pmgraph/pmgraph.tex @@ -0,0 +1,994 @@ +\documentstyle[12pt,a4,pmgraph]{article} + +\title{{\sc pmgraph.sty}: some useful macros which extends +the \LaTeX{} environment {\tt picture}\\[0.5\baselineskip] +\Large Version 1.0} + +\author{ +\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} +\begin{center} A.S.Berdnikov\\{\tt berd{\sl @}ianin.spb.su} \end{center} +\end{minipage} +\hfill +\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} +\begin{center} O.A.Grineva\\{\tt olga{\sl @}ianin.spb.su} \end{center} +\end{minipage} +} + +\date{} + +\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC\spacefactor1000 } +\font\manual=logo10 at 12pt +\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}\spacefactor1000 } +\def\AW{Addison\kern.1em-\penalty 0pt \hskip 0pt Wesley} +\def\CandT{{\sl Computers \& Typesetting}} +\def\TUB{{\sl TUGboat\/}} + +\newcommand{\bs}{\char '134 } % char \ +\newcommand{\lb}{\char '173 } % char { +\newcommand{\rb}{\char '175 } % char } +\makeatletter +\def\hackersmile{\@ifnextchar[{\@hackersmile}{\@hackersmile[10]}} +\def\@hackersmile[#1]{\hbox{% + \unitlength=1pt\relax + \unitlength=#1\unitlength + \divide\unitlength by 10\relax + \thicklines + \raise -3\unitlength \hbox{% + \begin{picture}(12,12)(-6,-6) + \put(0,0){\circle{10}} + \put(-2,1.75){\circle*{1}} + \put(2,1.75){\circle*{1}} + \thicklines + \put(-2.75,3){\line(1,0){1.5}} + \put(2.75,3){\line(-1,0){1.5}} + \put(0,-1){\line(0,1){3}} + \put(-2.5,-2.5){\line(1,0){5}} + \put(-2.5,-2.5){\line(0,1){1}} + \put(2.5,-2.5){\line(0,1){1}} + \end{picture}% +}}} +\makeatother + +\newcommand{\pmg}{{\sc pmgraph}} +\newcommand{\pmgs}{{\sc pmgraph.sty}} + +\begin{document} +\maketitle + + +The original \TeX/\LaTeX{} possibilities to create +pictures are relatively poor, and there are +many extensions ({\tt epic/eepic}, {\tt pictex}, {\tt drawtex}, +{\tt xypic}, {\tt mfpic}, etc.) which were created to extend +its possibilities to a higher level. The macro \pmgs{} +({\em poor-man-graphics}) which are +described here are not so general as the ones cited +above. They manupulate with the pseudo-graphical +fonts which are used by generic \LaTeX{} without additional +extensions --- mainly because the variations of +\PiC\TeX{}, \MF{} and new graphical font +themes are already realized by other authors +and on sufficiently higher level. +To some extend the purpose of our work was to see +how far it is possible to move in the development of new +useful graphical primitives for \LaTeX{} {\em without} +the investment of the external graphical tools. + +The style file \pmgs{} includes the following features: +\begin{itemize} +\item +the vectors with a set of slopes which is +as general as the line slopes implemented in \LaTeX; +\item +the vectors with an arrow at the beginning, +at the middle or at the end of vector with various orientations +of the arrow; +\item +the circles and circular arcs with nearly arbitrary diameter +using magnified {\tt circle} and {\tt circlew} \LaTeX{} fonts; +\item +the 1/4 circular arcs correctly positioned +at the centrum or at the corner; +\item +extended set of frames which include various +corner style and the optional multiple frame shadows +with a variety of styles; +\item +tools which enable the user to extend the variety of +frame styles and the shadow styles as far as his/her +fantasy allows it; +\item +automatic calculation of the picture size in terms +of the current text width --- including the {\tt picture} +inserted inside list environments. +\end{itemize} +Even not very complicated, these macros appears to +be useful in our work, and it seems that they can be +useful for other \TeX-users too. + +\section*{Vectors} + +The number of angles for inclined lines which can be used +in \LaTeX{} is limited to great extend, but the number of +angles for {\em vectors} is limited even more. +The variety of vectors can be extended if instead of the +{\em strictly} inclined arrows at the end of the inclined +line the arrow with the {\em approximate} inclination is added. +Corresponding changes are incorporated in \pmg{} where +the relation between strict inclinations and approximate +inclinations are shown in Table~\ref{Tab1}. The corrections require +the modifications of the internal \LaTeX{} commands +{\tt\bs{}@svector}, {\tt\bs{}@getlarrow}, {\tt\bs{}@getrarrow} +and the command {\tt\bs{}vector} itself. As a result the command +{\tt\bs{}vector} starts to draw the vectors for all inclinations +valid for \LaTeX{} lines as it is shown on Fig.~\ref{FigA}. +The vectors are not so ideal as it is required by \TeX{} standards, +but the results are acceptable for all inclinations except $(6,1)$. + +\begin{figure} +\centerline{% +\hfill +\begin{Picture}[23](600,600) +\put(300,300){\vector(1,0){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,0){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(0,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(0,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,4){75}} +\put(300,300){\line(1,5){60}} +\put(300,300){\line(1,6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,3){200}} +\put(300,300){\line(2,5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,4){225}} +\put(300,300){\line(3,5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(4,5){240}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,4){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,6){250}} +\put(300,300){\line(6,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(6,5){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-4){75}} +\put(300,300){\line(1,-5){60}} +\put(300,300){\line(1,-6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,-3){200}} +\put(300,300){\line(2,-5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-4){225}} +\put(300,300){\line(3,-5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(4,-5){240}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,-4){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(5,-6){250}} +\put(300,300){\line(6,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(6,-5){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,4){75}} +\put(300,300){\line(-1,5){60}} +\put(300,300){\line(-1,6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,3){200}} +\put(300,300){\line(-2,5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,4){225}} +\put(300,300){\line(-3,5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-4,5){240}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,4){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,6){250}} +\put(300,300){\line(-6,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-6,5){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-4){75}} +\put(300,300){\line(-1,-5){60}} +\put(300,300){\line(-1,-6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,-3){200}} +\put(300,300){\line(-2,-5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-4){225}} +\put(300,300){\line(-3,-5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-4,-5){240}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,-4){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-5,-6){250}} +\put(300,300){\line(-6,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\line(-6,-5){300}} +\end{Picture} +\hfill +\begin{Picture}[23](600,600) +\put(300,300){\vector(1,0){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,0){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(0,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(0,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,4){75}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,5){60}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,3){200}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,4){225}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,5){240}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,4){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,6){250}} +\put(300,300){\vector(6,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(6,5){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-4){75}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-5){60}} +\put(300,300){\vector(1,-6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,-3){200}} +\put(300,300){\vector(2,-5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-4){225}} +\put(300,300){\vector(3,-5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(4,-5){240}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,-4){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(5,-6){250}} +\put(300,300){\vector(6,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(6,-5){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,4){75}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,5){60}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,3){200}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,4){225}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,5){240}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,4){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,6){250}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-6,1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-6,5){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-2){150}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-3){100}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-4){75}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-5){60}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-1,-6){50}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,-3){200}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-2,-5){120}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-4){225}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-3,-5){180}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-4,-5){240}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,-2){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,-3){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,-4){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-5,-6){250}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-6,-1){300}} +\put(300,300){\vector(-6,-5){300}} +\end{Picture} +\hfill +} +\caption{\LaTeX{} and \pmg{} vectors\label{FigA}} +\end{figure} + +\begin{table} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{||c|c||c|c||c|c||} +\hline +$(1,1)$ & $(1,1)$ & $(4,1)$ & $(4,1)$ & $(5,3)$ & $(3,2)$ \\ +\hline +$(2,1)$ & $(2,1)$ & $(4,3)$ & $(4,3)$ & $(5,4)$ & $(4,3)$ \\ +\hline +$(3,1)$ & $(3,1)$ & $(5,1)$ & $(4,1)$ & $(6,1)$ & $(4,1)$ \\ +\hline +$(3,2)$ & $(3,2)$ & $(5,2)$ & $(3,1)$ & $(6,5)$ & $(4,3)$ \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\caption{Relation between line slopes +and approximate vector slopes\label{Tab1}} +\end{table} + +\LaTeX{} allows to put an arrow just at the end of the vector. +The command \verb?\Vector? enables to put +along the vector {\em arbitrary} arrows with different orientation +(see Fig.~\ref{TwoVec}). The predefined arrow styles +assign a letter to each position and orientation +of the arrow along the {\tt Vector}. + +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\fbox{\begin{Picture}[50](300,40) +\put(20,5){\Vector[bme](1,0){100}} +\put(20,30){\Vector[BME](1,0){100}} +\put(170,5){\Vector[xZmM](1,0){100}} +\put(170,30){\Vector[XzmM](1,0){100}} +\end{Picture}}} +\caption{Multi-arrow vectors\label{TwoVec}} +\end{figure} + +The arrows shown on Fig.~\ref{TwoVec} are drawn by the commands +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{picture}(300,40) +\put(20,5){\Vector[bme](1,0){100}} +\put(20,30){\Vector[BME](1,0){100}} +\put(170,5){\Vector[xmMZ](1,0){100}} +\put(170,30){\Vector[XmMz](1,0){100}} +. . . . . . . . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +Letter {\tt e} corresponds to normally oriented arrow +at the end of vector, {\tt E} --- to reverse oriented arrow, +{\tt b} and {\tt B} --- to (normally and reverse oriented) arrows at the +beginning of the vector, {\tt m} and {\tt M} --- to the arrows +at the middle, etc. +The list of letters as the optional parameter produces +the set of arrows along the {\tt Vector}. +It is possible to create user-defined styles of arrows using the commands +\verb?\VectorStyle? and \verb?\VectorShiftStyle? (where the parameters +in square brackets are {\em obligatory}, not {\em optional}): +\begin{itemize} +\item[] {\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[{\em style-char}]\{{\em shift-char}\}\{{\em position}\}\{{\em orientation}\}} +\begin{itemize} +\item {\em style-char} is the character which is assigned to vector style; +\item {\em shift-char} is the character which defines the relative shift + of the arrow with respect to {\em position} --- see command + {\tt\bs{VectorShiftStyle}} below; +\item {\em position} is the real value which defines the relative position + of the arrow along the vector (0.0 means starting point of the vector, + 1.0 means end point of the vector) which usually is in a range + $0..1$ but can be greater 1 or less 0 as well; +\item {\em orientation} is the character which defines the orientation + of the arrow with respect to the standard direction of the vecrtor: + {\tt b} means {\em backward} direction, {\tt f} (or any other + character) means forward direction. +\end{itemize} +\item[] {\tt\bs{}VectorShiftStyle[{\em style-char}]\{{\em shift}\}} +\begin{itemize} +\item {\em style-char} is the character which is assigned to vector-shift-style; +\item {\em shift} is the relative shift in {\tt pt} of the arrow along + the arrow direction with respect to the positioning point + (it is necessary to note that the length of the arrow body in \LaTeX{} + is equal to {\tt 4pt}). +\end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +Examples: +\begin{itemize} +\item standard {\em vector-shift-styles}: +\begin{description} +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorShiftStyle[e]\{0pt\}}] + --- style `{\tt e}' means that + the end of the arrow is positioned strictly at the point, + specified by the parameter {\em position}; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorShiftStyle[b]\{4pt\}}] + --- style `{\tt b}' means that + the backside of the arrow is positioned at the point, + specified by the parameter {\em position}; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorShiftStyle[m]\{3pt\}}] + --- style `{\tt m}' means that + the middle of the arrow body is positioned at the point, + specified by the parameter {\em position}; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorShiftStyle[E]\{-2pt\}}] + --- style `{\tt E}' means that + the end of the arrow is positioned a little bit before + (i.e., by {\tt 2pt}) the point, + specified by the parameter {\em position}; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorShiftStyle[B]\{6pt\}}] + --- style `{\tt B}' means that + the backside of the arrow is positioned a little bit after + (i.e., by {\tt 2pt}) the point, + specified by the parameter {\em position}. +\end{description} +\item standard {\em vector-styles}: +\begin{description} +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[e]\{e\}\{1.0\}\{f\}}] + --- style `{\tt e}' means that + the end of the arrow is positioned at the end of the vector, + and its orientation is along the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[E]\{b\}\{1.0\}\{b\}}] + --- style `{\tt E}' means that + the backside of the arrow is positioned at the end of the vector, + and its orientation is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ with + respect to the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[b]\{b\}\{0.0\}\{f\}}] + --- style `{\tt b}' means that + the backside of the arrow is positioned at the beginning of the vector, + and its orientation is along the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[B]\{e\}\{0.0\}\{b\}}] + --- style `{\tt B}' means that + the end of the arrow is positioned at the beginning of the vector, + and its orientation is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ with + respect to the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[m]\{m\}\{0.0\}\{f\}}] + --- style `{\tt m}' means that + the middle of the arrow body is positioned at the middle of the vector, + and its orientation is along the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[M]\{m\}\{0.0\}\{b\}}] + --- style `{\tt M}' means that + the middle of the arrow body is positioned at the middle of the vector, + and its orientation is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ with + respect to the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[x]\{E\}\{1.0\}\{f\}}] + --- style `{\tt x}' means that + the end of the arrow is positioned a little bit before + the end of the vector, + and its orientation is along the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[X]\{B\}\{1.0\}\{b\}}] + --- style `{\tt X}' means that + the backside of the arrow is positioned a little bit before + the end of the vector, + and its orientation is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ with + respect to the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[z]\{B\}\{0.0\}\{f\}}] + --- style `{\tt z}' means that + the backside of the arrow is positioned a little bit after + the beginning of the vector, + and its orientation is along the vector orientation; +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}VectorStyle[Z]\{E\}\{0.0\}\{b\}}] + --- style `{\tt Z}' means that + the end of the arrow body is positioned a little bit after + the beginning of the vector, + and its orientation is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ with + respect to the vector orientation. +\end{description} +\end{itemize} + +\section*{Circles} + +The range of the diameters for circles and disks +(black circular blobs) available in \LaTeX{} is very restricted. +It can be enlarged by using the magnified pseudo-graphical \LaTeX{} fonts +if the User does not have something better at his/her disposal +like {\tt curves.sty}, \PiC\TeX{} or MF\PiC. +The disadvantage of this method is that the width +of the lines is magnified too which is inconsistent +with the rigorous \TeX{} accuracy requirements, +but for {\em poor man graphics} these circles +can be satisfactory. + +The scaling of circular fonts is performed by the commands +\begin{quote} +{\tt\bs{}scaledcircle\lb{\em factor}\rb} +\\ +{\tt\bs{}magcircle\lb{\em magstep}\rb} +\end{quote} +which are indentical to \TeX{} commands +\begin{quote} +{\tt\bs{}font ... scaled {\em factor}} +\\ +{\tt\bs{}font ... scaled \bs{}magstep {\em magstep}} +\end{quote} +The valid {\em magstep} values are {\tt 0}, {\tt h}, +{\tt 1}, {\tt 2}, {\tt 3}, {\tt 4}, {\tt 5}. +The values {\em factor}=1000 and {\em magstep}=0 +correspond to {\em one-to-one} magnification. +The circle magnification +like other \TeX{} commands returns to its +previous value outside the group inside which it was changed. + +\begin{figure} +\def\myframe#1{\begin{picture}(0,0) + \put(0,#1){\line(1,0){#1}} + \put(0,#1){\line(-1,0){#1}} + \put(0,-#1){\line(1,0){#1}} + \put(0,-#1){\line(-1,0){#1}}% + \put(#1,0){\line(0,1){#1}}% + \put(#1,0){\line(0,-1){#1}}% + \put(-#1,0){\line(0,1){#1}}% + \put(-#1,0){\line(0,-1){#1}}% + \end{picture}} +\begin{center} +\begin{Picture}[50](200,100)(-100,-50) +\unitlength=1pt +\put(-50,0){\thicklines\circle{80}} +\put(-50,0){\myframe{40}} +\put(50,0){\scaledcircle{2000}\circle{80}} +\put(50,0){\myframe{40}} +\end{Picture} +\end{center} +\caption{Magnified circles\label{Fig1}} +\end{figure} + +To calculate properly the circle character code +after the magnification it was necessary to redefine +some internal \LaTeX{} commands like +{\tt\bs{}@getcirc} and {\tt\bs{}@circ}. To reflect +in magnified fonts the changes of the line thickness, +the commands {\tt\bs{}thinlines} and {\tt\bs{}thicklines} +are corrected also. + +The example on Fig.~\ref{Fig1} is produced by +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} +\begin{picture}(200,100)(-100,-50) +\put(-50,0){\thicklines\circle{80}} +\put(-50,0){\squareframe{40}} +\magcircle{4} +\put(50,0){\thinlines\circle{80}} +\put(50,0){\squareframe{40}} +\end{picture} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +where {\tt\bs{}squareframe} is the user-defined command which draws +the square with the specified side and the centrum at (0,0). +It shows how the usage of the magnified circles enables to overcome +the upper limit 40pt of the diameter of the \LaTeX{} cirles. +It is necessary to note that +the thickness of the {\tt\bs{}thinline} circles +after magnification with +{\tt\bs{}magcircle\lb{}4\rb} +corresponds approximately to the thickness +of the ordinary {\tt\bs{}thickline} circles +($\hbox{\tt\bs{}magstep4}\approx2000$). + +\bigskip + +\begin{figure} +\begin{center} +\begin{Picture}[50](200,60)(-100,-30) +\put(-60,10){\thicklines\tlcircle{50}} +\put(-60,10){\circle*{1}} +\put(-60,10){\line(-1,0){25}} +\put(-60,10){\line(0,1){25}} +\put(-60,-10){\thicklines\blcircle{50}} +\put(-60,-10){\circle*{1}} +\put(-60,-10){\line(-1,0){25}} +\put(-60,-10){\line(0,-1){25}} +\put(-40,10){\thicklines\trcircle{50}} +\put(-40,10){\circle*{1}} +\put(-40,10){\line(1,0){25}} +\put(-40,10){\line(0,1){25}} +\put(-40,-10){\thicklines\brcircle{50}} +\put(-40,-10){\circle*{1}} +\put(-40,-10){\line(1,0){25}} +\put(-40,-10){\line(0,-1){25}} +\put(40,10){\thicklines\BRcircle{50}} +\put(40,10){\circle*{1}} +\put(40,10){\line(-1,0){25}} +\put(40,10){\line(0,1){25}} +\put(40,-10){\thicklines\TRcircle{50}} +\put(40,-10){\circle*{1}} +\put(40,-10){\line(-1,0){25}} +\put(40,-10){\line(0,-1){25}} +\put(60,10){\thicklines\BLcircle{50}} +\put(60,10){\circle*{1}} +\put(60,10){\line(1,0){25}} +\put(60,10){\line(0,1){25}} +\put(60,-10){\thicklines\TLcircle{50}} +\put(60,-10){\circle*{1}} +\put(60,-10){\line(1,0){25}} +\put(60,-10){\line(0,-1){25}} +\end{Picture} +\end{center} +\caption{$90^{\circ}$ circular segments\label{Fig2}} +\end{figure} + +Additional macro enable to +draw $90^{\circ}$ qu\-a\-ters of the circles explicitly without +tricky refinement of the parameters of the command {\tt\bs{}oval}: +\begin{quote} +{\tt\bs{}trcircle\lb{\em diam}\rb} $\longrightarrow$ {\tt\bs{}oval[tr]...} +\\ +{\tt\bs{}brcircle\lb{\em diam}\rb} $\longrightarrow$ {\tt\bs{}oval[br]...} +\\ +{\tt\bs{}tlcircle\lb{\em diam}\rb} $\longrightarrow$ {\tt\bs{}oval[tl]...} +\\ +{\tt\bs{}blcircle\lb{\em diam}\rb} $\longrightarrow$ {\tt\bs{}oval[bl]...} +\end{quote} +The centrum of the circular arc is positioned strictly at the +point which is the argument of the corresponding {\tt\bs{}put}. +The commands {\tt\bs{}TRcircle}, {\tt\bs{}BRcircle}, {\tt\bs{}TLcircle}, +{\tt\bs{}BLcircle} draw the $90^{\circ}$ circular quaters +with the reference point positioned at the corner +instead of the centrum. +Similarly, the commands +\begin{itemize} +\item[] {\tt\bs{}tlsector}, {\tt\bs{}TLsector}, +{\tt\bs{}blsector}, {\tt\bs{}BLsector}, \dots +\end{itemize} +draw circular segments together with horizontal +and vertical radii. The proper positioning of the +circular segments requires special precausions +since it is necessary to take into account the +line thickness and the specific alignment of the +circular elements inside the character boxes. + +The example on Fig~\ref{Fig2} +shows the usage of these commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{picture}(200,60)(-100,-30) +\put(-60,10){\thicklines\tlcircle{50}} +\put(-60,10){\circle*{1}} +\put(-60,10){\line(-1,0){25}} +\put(-60,10){\line(0,1){25}} +\put(40,10){\thicklines\BRcircle{50}} +\put(40,10){\circle*{1}} +\put(40,10){\line(-1,0){25}} +\put(40,10){\line(0,1){25}} +... ... ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The actual diameter of the circular segment +is adjusted like it is done with the circles. +The commands {\tt\bs{}scaledcircle} and {\tt\bs{}magcircle} +affect the thickness and the diameter of these circular segments also. + + +\section*{Frames} + +\def\DiskCorner{8pt} +\def\RoundCorner{6pt} +\def\LineCorner{10pt} +\def\RectCorner{3pt} + +\framesep{-2pt} +\shadowsep{1pt} +\shadowsize{8pt} +\shadowshrink{1} + +The set of frames which are available in \LaTeX{} is +enhanced in \pmg{} --- except solid and dashed rectangular frames +it is possible to draw double and tripple frames in a variety +of styles (Fig.~\ref{ThrFr}). The commands +\verb?\frameBox?, \verb?\ovalBox?, \verb?\octalBox?, +\verb?\astroBox?, \verb?\parquetBox? have the same structure +as the command \verb?\framebox?, but they draw the +corresponding fancy frames: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\put(0,0){\ovalBox(100,50){oval}} +\put(70,0){\astroBox(100,50){astro}} +. . . . . . . . . . . . . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The ordinary solid frame is drawn by \verb?\frameBox?, +the double and triple frames are drawn by \verb?\frameBoX? +and \verb?\frameBOX?, respectively. Similar commands exist for +double and triple fancy frames. +The User can prepare the personal macro commands to draw frame corners +and extend the variety of fancy frames up to the limit of his/her fantasy. + +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\begin{Picture}[50](2000,800) +\put(100,0){\parquetBox(500,300){parquet}} +\put(100,500){\octalBox(500,300){octal}} +\put(700,0){\ovalBoX(500,300){oval}} +\put(700,500){\astroBoX(500,300){astro}} +\put(1300,0){\dashBOX{10}(500,300){dash}} +\put(1300,500){\frameBOX(500,300){frame}} +\end{Picture}} +\caption{Examples of frame styles\label{ThrFr}} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\begin{Picture}[50](600,100)(-30,0) +\thicklines +\rombboxstyle(2,1,1pt) +\put(20,20){\rombBox[z](50,50){Box}} +\put(220,20){\rombBoX[z](50,50){BoX}} +\put(440,20){\rombBOX[z](50,50){BOX}} +\end{Picture}} +\caption{Romb-style frames\label{RombFram}} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\begin{Picture}[50](800,200)(-130,0) +\put(-100,20){\frameBox(100,100){}} +\put(220,20){\frameBox(100,100){}} +\put(540,20){\frameBox(100,100){}} +\thicklines +\rombboxstyle(2,1,1pt) +\put(-100,20){\rombBox[x](100,100){\tt x}} +\put(220,20){\rombBox[y](100,100){\tt y}} +\put(540,20){\rombBox[z](100,100){\tt z}} +\end{Picture}} +\caption{Alignment of romb boxes\label{FigRR}} +\end{figure} + +More exotic variant of a frame can be created using +the commands {\tt\bs{}rombBox}, {\tt\bs{}rombBoX} +or {\tt\bs{}rombBOX} as it is shown on Fig.~\ref{RombFram}. +The style (i.e., inclination of the romb sides) +and the distance between multiple rombs +are set by the command {\tt\bs{}rombboxstyle} +\begin{description} +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}rombboxstyle($\Delta x$,$\Delta y$,{\em len})}] + --- defines the inclination for the romb boxes and for the + corners of the {tt octal} frames and shadows. + Parameters $\Delta x$, $\Delta y$ specifies the inclination, + and the parameter {\em len} --- the length of the inclined + corners (for {\tt octal} frames and shadows only) in a style + similar to the command + {\tt\bs{}line($\Delta x$,$\Delta y$)\{{\em len}\}}. +\end{description} +with the default settings as +\begin{center} +{\tt\bs{}rombboxstyle(2,1,2pt)} +\end{center} +The alignment of the romb around the box specified +for these commands can be varied using +additional optional parameter(see Fig.~\ref{FigRR}. The full format of the +{\tt rombbox} commands is: +\begin{itemize} +\item[] + {\tt\bs{}rombBox[{\em char}]($\Delta X$,$\Delta Y$)\{{\em text}\}} +\end{itemize} +where + {\em char} -is one-character parameter which + defines the alignment of the romb frame with respect to + rectangle $(\Delta X,\Delta Y)$: + {\tt x} (default value) means that the $x$-axis coinsides with the + $x$-axis of the rectangle, + {\tt y} means that the $y$-axis coinsides with the + $y$-axis of the rectangle, + {\tt z} means that the corners of the rectangle are at the + sides of the romb frame. + +\begin{figure} +\begin{center} +\begin{Picture}[50](2000,1100)(0,-500) +\put(0,50){\frameBox[r](500,200){r}} +\put(0,400){\frameBox[R](500,200){R}} +\put(700,50){\frameBox[p](500,200){p}} +\put(700,400){\frameBox[P](500,200){P}} +\put(1400,50){\frameBox[o](500,200){o}} +\put(1400,400){\frameBox[O](500,200){O}} +\shadowsize{12pt} +\put(100,-400){\frameBox[A](800,300){A}} +\put(1100,-400){\frameBox[L](800,300){L}} +\end{Picture} +\end{center} +\caption{Examples of shadows\label{TypShad}} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure} +\begin{center} +\begin{Picture}[35](2000,1500) +\shadowcorner{B} +\put(0,0){\frameBoX[oPRpAORr](1000,500){Shadows}} +\end{Picture} +\end{center} +\caption{Multiple shadows\label{TypShad2}} +\end{figure} + +Each rectangular box has the optional parameter which enable to specify +the ``shadows'' around this box. Each shadow style has a special letter, +and the list of letters as the optional parameter draws a list of shadows. +The standard shodow types are shown on Fig.~\ref{TypShad}. +It is possible to draw several shadows of different types +and around arbitrary corner of the frame as it is shown +on Fig.~\ref{TypShad2}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\unitlength=10pt +\begin{picture}(20,15) +\shadowcorner{B} +\put(0,0){\frameBoX[oPR...](10,5){...}} +\end{picture} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The parameter of the shadows --- thickness, corner size, +additional shift, etc., --- can be varied +by the following User commands: +\begin{description} +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}framesep\{{\em dist}\}}] + --- set the distance between double and triple + frames. It can be negative as well as positive. + Default value: {\tt\framesep\{2pt\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}shadowsep\{{\em dist}\}}] + --- set the gap distance between the frame and the shadow + or between multiple shadows. + Default value: {\tt\shadowsep\{1pt\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}shadowsize\{{\em dist}\}}] + --- set the depth of the shadow. + Default value: {\tt\shadowsize\{5pt\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}shadowshrink\{{\em factor}\}}] + --- set the contraction factor for the subsequent shadows. + Default value: {\tt\shadowshrink\{1\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}shadowcorner\{{\em char}\}}] + --- set the corner for the shadows. + Valid values: {\tt A}, {\tt B}, {\tt C}, {\tt D}. + Default value: {\tt\bs{}shadowcorner\{A\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}RoundCorner\{{\em radius}\}}] + --- set the {\em radius} for the circular arcs + at the corners of oval frames and shadows with rounded corners. + Default value: {\tt\RoundCorner\{5pt\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}DiskCorner\{{\em diam}\}}] + --- set the {\em diameter} for the bulbs + at the corners of black shadows with rounded corners. + Default value: {\tt\DiskCorner\{5pt\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}LineCorner\{{\em len}\}}] + --- set the {\em length} for the inclined corners + of octal frames and shadows. + Default value: {\tt\LineCorner\{10pt\}}. +\item[\quad{\tt\bs{}RectCorner\{{\em size}\}}] + --- set the {\em size} for the parquette corners + of octal frames and shadows. + Default value: {\tt\RectCorner\{5pt\}}. +\end{description} + + +\section*{Rombs} + +Special command enable to draw rombs (see Fig.~\ref{FigRomb}): +\begin{itemize} +\item[] {\tt \bs{}put({\em x})({\em y}) + \{\bs{}romb[{\em pos}]($\Delta x$,$\Delta y$)\{{\em len}\}\}} +\end{itemize} +where: +\begin{itemize} +\item[] $(x,y)$ --- position of the romb inside {\tt picture};\\ + {\em pos} --- one-character option which shows the alignment of romb + with respect to $(x,y)$: {\tt r} means right corner, + {\tt l} means left corner; {\tt c} means center (default);\\ + $(\Delta x,\Delta y)$ and {\em len} are the parameters which + define the inclination and the length of the romb side + (similarly to {\tt\bs{}line}). +\end{itemize} + +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\begin{Picture}[75](800,200)(-30,-100) +\thicklines +\put(20,20){\romb[c](2,1){90}} +\put(20,20){\circle*{10}} +\put(20,-60){\makebox(0,0){\tt c}} +\put(220,20){\romb[l](2,1){90}} +\put(220,20){\circle*{10}} +\put(220,-60){\makebox(0,0){\tt l}} +\put(640,20){\romb[r](2,1){90}} +\put(640,20){\circle*{10}} +\put(640,-60){\makebox(0,0){\tt r}} +\end{Picture}} +\caption{Alignment of rombes\label{FigRomb}} +\end{figure} + +\section*{Automatically scaled pictures} + +The idea of the macros which are responsible for these functions +is to calculate the {\tt \bs{}unitlength} va\-lue in terms of the +{\em relative fraction} of the page width instead of explicit +specifying its value in points, centimeters, inches, etc. + +The command {\tt\bs{}pictureunit[{\em percent}]\lb{\em x-size}\rb} +selects the value of the variable {\tt\bs{}unitlength} so that the picture +which is {\em x-size} units in width occupies {\em percent} +width of the paper. +The environment {\tt Picture} combines the automatic calculation of +the {\tt\bs{}unitlength} with the {\tt\bs{}begin\lb{}picture\rb} -- +{\tt\bs{}end\lb{}picture\rb}. +By default {\em percent}=100 is used which corresponds to 90\% +of the paper width. The default {\em percent} value can be redefined +by the command +\begin{center} + {\tt\bs{}def\bs{}defaultpercent\lb{\em percent}\rb}. +\end{center} + +Examples: +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{l} + {\tt\bs{}pictureunit[75]\lb{}120\rb}\\ + {\tt\bs{}begin\lb{}picture\rb(120,80)}\\ + \dots\\ + {\tt\bs{}end\lb{}picture\rb}\\ + \phantom{.}\\ + {\tt\bs{}begin\lb{}Picture\rb[75](120,80)}\\ + \dots\\ + {\tt\bs{}end\lb{}Picture\rb} +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +These macros are inspired by {\tt fullpict.sty} by Bruce Shawyer. +Carefull examination of the file {\tt fullpict.sty} +shows some bugs/warnings which require correction: +\begin{itemize} +\item +each automatic scaling of {\tt \bs{}unitlength} +allocates a new counter; +\item +automatic scaling uses {\tt\bs{}textwidth} +as the reference width which results to improper functioning +inside list and {\tt minipage} environments; +\item +the environments {\tt fullpicture}, {\tt halfpicture} +and {\tt scalepicture} are centered internally +with {\tt\bs{}begin\lb{}center\rb} --- {\tt\bs{}end\lb{}center\rb} +which prevents the proper positioning of the picture in most cases. +\end{itemize} +The \pmgs{} macros calculates the dimension +{\tt\bs{}unitlength} +using the value {\tt\bs{}hsize}, and as a result +it works corectly also for {\tt twocolumn} mode, +inside the {\em list} environments +{\tt itemize}, {\tt enumerate}, etc. +(for example, all the figures in this paper +are drawn using the environment {\tt Picture}). +The automatic centering and repeatedly allocation +of the registers are corrected as well. + +\section*{Acknowledgements} + +The authors are grateful to Dr.\ Kees van der Laan +for the possibility to present the results of our research +at the EURO\TeX'95 (Aarnhem, Netherland). + +One of the authors (A.S.Berdnikov) would like to express his warmest +thanks to Dr.\ A.Compagner from the Delft University of Technology +who spent a lot of his time and efforts trying to transform two naive +students from Russia (namely, him and his co-worker Sergey Turtia) +into serious scientists. + +This research was partially supported by a grant +from the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research +(NWO grant No 07--30--007). + +\end{document} + + + + + + + + |