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-% Copyright 1995--1999 Stephan I. B"ottcher <stephan@nevis1.columbia.edu>
-%
-% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
-% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
-% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
-% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
-%
-% $Id: ulineno.tex,v 3.1 2001/08/03 03:29:19 stephan Exp $
-%
-% 1999-06-11 SiB: updated for lineno.sty v3.00
-
-\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,titlepage]{article}
-
- \date{\def\$##1: ##2 ##3${##2}%$
- Version
- \$Revision: 3.1 $,
- \$Date: 2001/08/03 03:29:19 $
- }
- \def\lineno.sty{\texttt{\itshape lineno.sty}}
-
-
-\title{ \lineno.sty
-\\ Users Manual
-}
-\author{ Stephan I. B\"ottcher
-}
-
-\usepackage{lineno}
-\usepackage{url}
-
-\def~{\verb~}
-\catcode`\<\catcode`\~
-\def<#1>{$\langle${\itshape#1}\/$\rangle$}
-\catcode`\|\catcode`\~
-\def|#1{{\ttfamily\string#1}}
-\def\NL{<number>]}
-
-\begin{document}
-\begin{runninglinenumbers}
-\renewcommand\linenumberfont{\normalfont\small\bfseries}
-\setlength\linenumbersep{1cm}
-\maketitle
-\thispagestyle{empty}
-\resetlinenumber
-\tableofcontents
-\clearpage
-\setcounter{page}{1}
-\pagewiselinenumbers
-
-\section{When to use \lineno.sty}
-
-The primary use of \lineno.sty is to get line numbers in your LaTeX
-document. \lineno.sty directly supports line numbers in various
-modes, and if you have any wishes that are not directly supported,
-chances are good that \lineno.sty can be adapted to do it. And if it
-turns out to be difficult with \lineno.sty, then it will be even more
-difficult without.
-
-There is one class of cases however, where \lineno.sty is not the most
-appropriate tool. When your text already comes in lines, like source
-listings, tables, poetry, then \lineno.sty will propably do the job,
-but other tools could do it much more efficiently.
-
-\lineno.sty can only number lines in the main text. Lines in any kind
-of boxes cannot be numbered. But see section \ref{sec:ilineno} below.
-
-\lineno.sty is especially useful when the text is broken into lines by
-\TeX\ itself. In this case, the task to attach line numbers is not
-easy, and a tool like \lineno.sty has good chances to break when used
-together with other packages.
-
-On the other hand, \lineno.sty proved to be quite stable, and I did
-not get any reports of complete failure yet.
-
-With \lineno.sty, you can refer to the line numbers via \LaTeX s
-~\ref~ and ~\pageref~ macros.
-
-There are other applications, not directly related to line numbering.
-Whenever you want to attach something to your text, after a paragraph
-was broken into lines, across pagebreaks, lineno may do the job.
-
-\begin{bframe}
- Say, you need a frame around some text, but the text should be able
- to break across pages, \lineno.sty can be used to draw rules on both
- margins, which can be completed at the top and bottom by some
- special environment, see section\,\,\ref{sec:bframe}.
-\end{bframe}
-
-There may be cases, where other packages do a better job, e.g.,
-\url{CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/supported/numline}.
-
-
-\section{Where to get \lineno.sty}
-
-\lineno.sty is available on the \emph{Comprehensive TeX Archive
- Network} (CTAN), e.g, \url{ftp:// ftp.tex.ac.uk/ tex-archive/
- macros/ latex/ contrib/ supported/ lineno/ lineno.sty}.
-
-The home of \lineno.sty is \url{http:// www.nevis.columbia.edu/
- ~stephan/ tex/ #lineno}. Here you can get the latest version.
-
-\end{runninglinenumbers}
-
-\section{How to use \lineno.sty}
-
-As any other \LaTeXe\ package, you need to load it with
-\begin{quote}
- ~\usepackage[~<options>~]{lineno}~
-\end{quote}
-
-\subsection{Package options}
-
-The available <options> are:
-\begin{description}
-
-\item[\texttt{[left]}:] Put the line numbers into the left margin
- (default).
-
-\item[\texttt{[right]}:] Put the line numbers into the right margin.
-
-\item[\texttt{[switch]}:] Put the line numbers into the outer margin
- (left on even numbered pager, right on odd numbered pages).
-
-\item[\texttt{[switch*]}:] Put the line numbers into the inner
- margin.
-
-\item[\texttt{[pagewise]}:] Number the lines from 1 on each page.
-
-\item[\texttt{[running]}:] Continuously number the lines (default).
-
-\item[\texttt{[modulo]}:] Print line numbers only if they are
- multiples of five.
-
-\item[\texttt{[mathlines]}:] When using the ~{linenomath}~
- environment for display math, put line numbers also on the lines of
- the display.
-
-\item[\texttt{[displaymath]}:] Automatically wrap the standard LaTeX
- display math environments in ~{linenomath}~.
-
- \begin{itshape}
- Change from v2 to v3: ~[mathlines]~ was called ~[displaymath]~
- before, and ~[displaymath]~ was ~\usepacke{mlineno}~.
- \end{itshape}
-
-\end{description}
-All effects of these option can also be obtained by calling certain
-macros later in the document, except for ~[displaymath]~.
-
-\subsection{How to turn on line numbering}
-
-The line numbering is not activated by default. If you want line
-numbers, you have to turn it on. The simplest way is to say
-\begin{quote}
- ~\linenumbers~
-\end{quote}
-This will turn on line numbers within the current group, according to
-the currently selected mode. If you do it right at the beginning, the
-whole document will be numbered.
-
-~\linenumbers~ takes effect only when a paragraph is finished. This
-is important if you use ~\linenumbers~ for a single paragraph only.
-This will \emph{not} work:
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\begingroup~\\%
- ~\linenumbers~
- Text of your paragraph.
- ~\endgroup~
-\end{quote}
-because the ~\endgroup~ terminates the effect of ~\linenumbers~ before
-the paragraph is finished. The solution is to insert an empty line,
-or an explicit ~\par~ before the ~\endgroup~.
-
-The prefered solution is to use an enviroment:
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\begin{linenumbers}~
- Text of your paragraph.
- ~\end{linenumbers}~
-\end{quote}
-~\end{linenumbers}~ terminates the paragraph for you. It will also
-make sure that the next paragraph is not indented, if there is no
-empty line in between.
-
-This form will not finish any preceeding paragraph. If you do not
-leave an empty line before ~\begin{linenumbers}~, the previous
- paragraph may also get line numbers (this is not true after a list
- environment).
-
-A quite esoteric form to number a single paragraph is:
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- Text of your paragraph.
- ~{\linenumbers\par}~
-\end{quote}
-Here, the ~\linenumbers~ is turned on in a group that just executes
-the ~\par~ to terminate the previous paragraph. Only this paragraph
-will have line numbers. (~\par~ is exactly equivalent to an empty
-line).
-
-
-\subsection{How to turn off line numbering}
-
-You do not usualy turn of line numbering explicitly, but rather
-restrict line numbering to a group or an environment. However, you
-can turn it off with the command
-\begin{quote}
- ~\nolinenumbers~
-\end{quote}
-This macro can also be used as an environment. The same restrictions
-apply as for ~\linenumbers~.
-
-
-\section{Numbering modes}
-
-Attaching line numbers after \TeX\ has broken the paragraph into lines
-is already quite a difficult job for \TeX. Why? Because \TeX\ does
-not normally give you any control after line breaking. \lineno.sty
-does it by pretending that the current page ends after each and every
-line. This keeps \TeX\ quite busy, but works.
-
-Often, you want the line numbers to depend on the page they finally end
-up. E.g., you want the numbers to start with~ ~1 one each new page,
-or you want them to appear on the outer margins in twoside mode. This
-is an almost impossible demand, but \lineno.sty can do it, at some
-cost, in terms of computing time, memory, and disk space. \lineno.sty
-needs to write a note into the auxiliary file for each line in the
-numbered part of the text, and \TeX\ keeps some memory for each page,
-and all that takes some computation time to figure out on which page
-the line was in the last \LaTeX\ run.
-
-Thus, there are two basic numbering modes
-\begin{enumerate}
-
-\item \emph{Running} line numbers. The numbers run continuously along
- the document, without considering page breaks.
-
- The line numbers can be reset, or preset at any point in the
- document (except within a paragraph). Margin switching (or any
- other dependence on the page breaks) is not possible.
-
-\item \emph{Pagewise} line numbers. The lines on each page are
- numbered from one. Automatic margin switching is possible.
-
- \emph{Running} mode can be simulated in pagewise mode, to get
- automatic margin switching with continuous line numbers, but without
- the ability to reset/preset the line numbers anywhere in the
- document.
-
- Any feature that depends on the page breaks must use this mode.
-
-\end{enumerate}
-
-\begin{runninglinenumbers*}
-
-\subsection{\emph{Running} line numbers}
-
-This is the default mode of operation. The lines of your text are
-numbered continuously across page breaks.
-
-You cannot get automatic margin switching in this mode, because at the
-time when the line numbers are attached, it is not yet decided on
-which page the line will end up. However, you can simulate continuous
-line numbers in \emph{pagewise} mode (see below), where margin
-switching becomes possible.
-
-You get this mode by
-\begin{itemize}\raggedright
-\item \emph{not} specifying any of the package options
- ~[switch,pagewise]~,
-\item specifying the package option ~[running]~,
-\item give the command ~\setrunninglinenumbers~ in the document, or
-\item turn on line numbering with ~\runninglinenumbers~ or
- ~\begin{runninglinenumbers}~.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\subsubsection{Reseting or setting the line number}
-
-You can reset the line number with
-\begin{quote}
- ~\resetlinenumber[~<number>~]~
-\end{quote}
-where the default is to reset the line number to one.
-
-Alternatively, you can give the line number in an optional argument to
-any command that turns on the line numbering in this mode:
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\linenumbers[~<number>~]~
- ~\runninglinenumbers[~<number>~]~
- ~\begin{linenumbers}[~<number>~]~
- ~\begin{runninglinenumbers}[~<number>~]~
-\end{quote}
-or reset the line number to 1 with any of the following:
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\linenumbers*~
- ~\runninglinenumbers*~
- ~\begin{linenumbers*}~
- ~\begin{linenumbers}*~
- ~\begin{runninglinenumbers*}~
- ~\begin{runninglinenumbers}*~
-\end{quote}
-This section of the manual is enclosed in
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\begin{runninglinenumbers*}~
- ~\end{runninglinenumbers*}~
-\end{quote}
-\end{runninglinenumbers*}
-
-
-\begin{pagewiselinenumbers}
-
-\subsection{\emph{Pagewise} line numbers}
-
-Basically, this mode prints line numbers starting with 1 on top of
-each page, counting only lines where this mode is active. If you
-turn on this mode in the middle of a page, the numbers start with 1
-at that point.
-
-The \emph{pagewise} mode of operation is quite a bit more work for
-\TeX. When the line numbers are printed, \TeX\ does not know on which
-page the current line will go. To get \emph{pagewise} mode working,
-\LaTeX\ has to remember on which page the line went in a previous run.
-This information is written into the ~.aux~ file, and like a table of
-contents, you will not see the numbers until you run \LaTeX\ at least
-twice on the document. Sometimes the information in the ~.aux~ file
-becomes invalid in a way that causes \lineno.sty to hang. In such a
-case you'll have to delete all ~.aux~ files of the document to get it
-going again.
-
-You get this mode by
-\begin{itemize}\raggedright
-\item specifying the package option
- ~[pagewise]~, but not ~[running]~,
-\item give the command ~\setpagewiselinenumbers~ in the document, or
-\item turn on line numbering with ~\pagewiselinenumbers~ or
- ~\begin{pagewiselinenumbers}~.
-\end{itemize}
-
-You cannot reset or preset the line numbers in \emph{pagewise} mode.
-This mode uses a different counter than \emph{running} mode. You can
-switch between the mode, and the \emph{running} numbers will continue
-where they left of, unless you reset the counter.
-
-\subsubsection{Margin switching}
-
-As a side effect of all the business to find out on which page the lines
-end up, margin switching becomes possible. It is now possible to
-print the line number differently on odd and even pages. The command
-\begin{quote}
- ~\switchlinenumbers~
-\end{quote}
-will cause the line numbers to be printed on the outer margins, on the
-right side for odd pages, and on the left side for even numbered
-pages. If you add a star, the numbers go on the inner margins
-\begin{quote}
- ~\switchlinenumbers*~
-\end{quote}
-You can achieve the same effect by specifying the package
-option ~[switch]~ or ~[switch*]~ together with ~[pagewise]~.
-
-Margin switching is independent of any ~[twoside]~ option of the
-document class.
-
-\subsubsection{\emph{Running} mode with margin switching}
-
-Margin switching is not possible in \emph{running} mode, but you can
-abuse the pagewise mode to produce continuous line numbers. This mode
-is activated with the command
-\begin{quote}
- ~\runningpagewiselinenumbers~
-\end{quote}
-It is not possible to reset the line number counter for this mode, the
-lines will be numbered starting from one at the beginning of the
-document, and continue. You can switch back to real pagewise mode with
-\begin{quote}
- ~\realpagewiselinenumbers~
-\end{quote}
-but when you resume \emph{running-pagewise}, the numbers will not
-continue where they left off, but jump by the number of lines that
-were numbered \emph{real-pagewise}.
-
-The package options ~[switch]~ and ~[switch*]~ will turn on
-\emph{running pagewise} mode with margin switching, unless you also
-specify ~[pagewise]~.
-
-Finally, if you give these options together with ~[running]~, like
-\begin{quote}
- ~\usepackage[switch,pagewise,running]{lineno}~
-\end{quote}
-the mode is set to plain \emph{running} line numbers, but later in
-your document, if you say ~\pagewiselinenumbers~, the setings of the
-~[switch]~ and ~[pagewise]~ options will take effect.
-
-\subsubsection{Page numbers}
-
-Any pages that contain \emph{pagewise} numbered lines must have a
-different page number. This may cause trouble with titlepages or
-simmilar fudging with the page number counter in the document. (I am
-talking about ~\c@page~ or ~\count 0~ here, not ~\thepage~).
-
-If you get strange errors, like \emph{``the use of} ~\nextLN~
-\emph{does not match its definition''}, you should first delete all
-~.aux~ files, and rerun \LaTeX\ several times. If the error does not
-reappear, fine, else check your page numbers, including those that are
-not printed. You may use \emph{running} line numbers on your
-titlepages, since the page boundaries are predefined, usually.
-
-\end{pagewiselinenumbers}
-
-\begin{linenumbers*}
-
-\subsection{Margin selection}
-
-In any mode you can select a fixed margin on which the numbers shall
-be printed. You can either give a package option ~[left]~ or
-~[right]~, or change the margin within the document with
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\leftlinenumbers~
-\rightlinenumbers
- ~\rightlinenumbers~
-\end{quote}
-\rightlinenumbers
-Neither of these commands actually turns on line numbering. The
-margin setting is changed for the currently selected mode
-\emph{running} or \emph{pagewise}. If you want to set the margin for
-both modes, append a star
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\leftlinenumbers*~
- ~\rightlinenumbers*~
-\end{quote}
-The default is ~\leftlinenumbers*~.
-
-\end{linenumbers*}
-
-
-\subsection{Summary of mode selection commands}
-
-The following commands change the major line numbering mode.
-\begin{description}\itemsep=0pt\parskip=0pt
-\item [|\setrunninglinenumbers]
-\item [|\setpagewiselinenumbers] \leavevmode\\
- set the current mode, without activating or deactivating line
- numbering.
-\item [|\runninglinenumbers\texttt{*[\NL}]
-\item [|\pagewiselinenumbers] \leavevmode\\
- set the current mode and activate line numbering, optionally reset
- (~*~), or set the line number for \emph{running} mode.
-\end{description}
-The following commands do not change the major mode, but modify the
-the behaviour of \emph{pagewise} mode
-\begin{description}\itemsep=0pt\parskip=0pt
-\item [|\realpagewiselinenumbers]
-\item [|\runningpagewiselinenumbers] \leavevmode\\
- select if \emph{pagewise} mode should number continuously, or really
- pagewise.
-\end{description}
-
-
-\subsection{Summary of margin selection commands}
-
-The following command select into which margin the numbers should be
-printed
-\begin{description}\itemsep=0pt\parskip=0pt
-\item [|\leftlinenumbers\texttt*]
-\item [|\rightlinenumbers\texttt*] \leavevmode\\
- put the line numbers in the left/right margin in both modes.
-\item [|\leftlinenumbers]
-\item [|\rightlinenumbers] \leavevmode\\
- put the line number into the left/right margin in the currently
- selected mode.
-\item [|\switchlinenumbers] \leavevmode\\
- put the line numbers into the outer margin, when using
- \emph{pagewise} mode.
-\item [|\switchlinenumbers\texttt*] \leavevmode\\
- put the line numbers into the inner margin, when using
- \emph{pagewise} mode.
-\end{description}
-
-\begin{linenumbers*}
-\modulolinenumbers[2]
-
-\subsection{Numbering only one in five lines}
-
-You can ask lineno to print the line numbers only if they devide by
-<n>, by saying
-\begin{quote}
- ~\modulolinenumbers[~<n>~]~
-\end{quote}
-If you omit the optional argument, it will be every fifth line, or
-whatever you used last (the current value of the counter
-~linenumbermodulo~). You get the same effect by giving the package
-option ~[modulo]~.
-
-If you set <n> to 1, the modulo value is not changed, but modulo
-numbering is turned off.
-
-Changing the counter ~linenumbermodulo~ does not turn on modulo
-numbering, it just changes the modulo, if it is turned on without the
-optional argument.
-
-This section of the manual is enclosed in
-\begin{quote}
- ~\begin{linenumbers*}~ \\
- ~\modulolinenumbers[2]~
-
- ~\end{linenumbers*}~
-\end{quote}
-
-\end{linenumbers*}
-
-\begin{pagewiselinenumbers}
-\switchlinenumbers
-
-\subsection{How the line numbers look like}
-
-This section of the manual is enclosed in
-\begin{quote}
- ~\begin{pagewiselinenumbers}~ \\
- ~\switchlinenumbers~
-
- ~\end{pagewiselinenumbers}~
-\end{quote}
-By default, the line numbers are set in
-\begin{quote}
- ~\normalfont\tiny\sffamily~
-\end{quote}
-right justified to 10\,pt left of the nominal left edge of the text.
-If the number is to appear on the right margin, it is right justified
-to 20\,pt right of the nominal right edge of the text.
-
-You can easily change that, of course. The font is defined by the
-macro
-\begin{quote}
- ~\linenumberfont~
-\end{quote}
-You can redefine it to make the numbers appear in a differnt font
-(with ~\renewcommand~). I'll say right here in this manual
-\renewcommand\linenumberfont{\normalfont\bfseries\small}
-\begin{quote}
- ~\renewcommand\linenumberfont{\normalfont\bfseries\small}~
-\end{quote}
-The distance on the left margin can be changed with
-\begin{quote}
- ~\setlength\linenumbersep{~<distance>~}~
-\end{quote}
-The distance on the right margin is ~\linenumbersep~ plus
-~\linenumberwidth~, both are set to 10\,pt by default.
-Let's do right here
-\setlength\linenumberwidth{1cm}
-\begin{quote}
- ~\setlength\linenumbersep{1cm}~
-\end{quote}
-I put the command at the end of the paragraph, but it effects the
-whole paragraph, because that is where everything happens: at the end
-of the paragraphs.
-
-The line numbers are printed as arabic numerals, as defined in the
-macro
-\begin{quote}
- ~\thelinenumber~
-\end{quote}
-for the \LaTeX\ counter ~{linenumber}~. You can redefine that, as
-for any other \LaTeX\ counter. E.g.,
-\renewcommand\thelinenumber{\roman{linenumber}}
-\begin{quote}
- ~\renewcommand\thelinenumber{\roman{linenumber}}~
-\end{quote}
-(For heavy duty line numbering, you should use \LaTeX s internal
-format, e.g., ~\@roman\c@linenumber~.)
-
-\subsubsection{Deeper customization}
-
-The line number is attached to the line by the macro
-\begin{quote}
- ~\makeLineNumber~
-\end{quote}
-which is expanded inside a zero width ~\hbox~ alligned to the
-origin of the current line (left edge, baselines alligned). You can
-do anything in this macro. Let's assume you do not want line numbers
-at all, but just attach something else to each line of text: this is
-the macro to modify. You can refer to the line number by the macro
-~\LineNumber~, which prints the current value of the counter
-~{linenumber}~, or nothing if \emph{modulo} mode is active, and the
-number does not divide by ~{linenumbermodulo}~. You should not modify
-this macro when using any form of \emph{pagewise} mode. At the end of
-this paragraph I put the following
-\begin{runninglinenumbers}
-\renewcommand\makeLineNumber
- {\hss$\rightarrow$\ \rlap{\hskip\textwidth\ $\leftarrow$}}
-\end{runninglinenumbers}
-\begin{quote}
- ~\begin{runninglinenumbers}~\\
- ~\renewcommand\makeLineNumber~\\
- ~ {\hss$\rightarrow$\ \rlap{\hskip\textwidth\ $\leftarrow$}}~\\
- ~\end{runninglinenumbers}~
-\end{quote}
-
-Redefining ~\makeLineNumber~ cuts deep into the linenumber mode
-setting. If you still want to use the basic modes \emph{running} and
-\emph{pagewise} you should go one level up and modify one of the
-following macros, which are called by (or assigned to)
-~\makeLineNumber~ depending on the current mode, and with the counter
-~{linenumber}~ allready adjusted for the current page when using
-\emph{pagewise} mode.
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\makeLineNumberRunning~
- ~\makeLineNumberOdd~
- ~\makeLineNumberEven~
-\end{quote}
-The first is used in \emph{running} mode, the other two in
-\emph{pagewise} mode. If you modify those, you cut into the
-margin selection mechanism as advertised above. You will have to call
-a mode selection command after changing these macros, to make them take
-effect (at least for ~\makeLineNumberRunning~).
-
-You can go up one more step. The margin selection commands redefine
-the above macros by making them equivalent (~\let~) to one of the
-following macros
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\makeLineNumberLeft~
- ~\makeLineNumberRight~
-\end{quote}
-You may redefine these, and afterwards issue a margin selection
-command followed by a mode selection command. The default definitions
-are
-\begin{quote}
- ~\def\makeLineNumberLeft~\\
- ~ {\hss\linenumberfont\LineNumber\hskip\linenumbersep}~
-\end{quote}
-and
-\begin{quote}
- ~\def\makeLineNumberRight~\\
- ~ {\linenumberfont\hskip\linenumbersep\hskip\textwidth~\\
- ~ \hbox to\linenumberwidth{\hss\LineNumber}\hss}~
-\end{quote}
-Whatever you do, use ~\LineNumber~ to print the digits. This ensures
-that the modulo mode setting is acknowledged. If you want to
-customize that as well, this is the macro to change. ~\LineNumber~
-eventually refers to ~\thelinenumber~, which is the place to customize
-the numerals themselves. At the end of this paragraph I said
-\renewcommand\LineNumber{\ifodd\value{linenumber} \thelinenumber)\fi}
-\begin{quote}
- ~\renewcommand\LineNumber~\\
- ~ {\ifodd\value{linenumber} \thelinenumber)\fi}~
-\end{quote}
-Line number references are not affected by ~\LineNumber~, but you
-should keep track of ~\thelinenumber~. Look at the following
-reference
-\begin{quote}
- The setion title of the next section is on page \pageref{ll1}, line
- \ref{ll1}.
-\end{quote}
-There is a mismatch in the definition of ~\thelinenumber~, from the
-point of the refered line to the reference here.
-\end{pagewiselinenumbers}
-
-\begin{pagewiselinenumbers}
-
-\section[Line number references]
- {Line number references\linelabel{ll1}}
-
-\lineno.sty allows to refer to a line number with ~\ref{~<label>~}~.
-The label is set by ~\linelabel{~<label>~}~, anywhere in a paragraph
-that gets line numbers. If you put a ~\linelabel~ somewhere else, the
-line number it refers to is pretty meaningless, but no error message
-is issued. (This section begins on line \ref{ll1}, page
-\pageref{ll1} and ends on line \ref{ll2}, page \pageref{ll2}.)
-
-References work both in \emph{running} and \emph{pagewise} modes.
-However, you have to be very careful when using both \emph{real
- pagewise} mode and \emph{running pagewise} mode: The mode setting
-must be the same during reference as during labeling.
-
-The restrictions on placing a ~\linelabel~ are the same as for a
-~\marginpar~. (In fact, they are implemented as fake ~\marginpar~s.)
-E.g., the linelabel on the section header of this chapter could not be
-placed in the straight forward way, because it would cause an error in
-the table of contents. (It should be disabled during \emph{toc}
-processing.) Instead, I typed
-\begin{quote}
- ~\section[Line number references]~\\
- ~ {Line number references\linelabel{ll1}}~
-\end{quote}
-This works fine, with the standard \LaTeX\ ~{article}~ document
-style. If more generic markup is required, you should avoid things
-like this (you should avoid \lineno.sty altogether, in that case).
-
-~\linelabel~ does not work in display math. (Why, you do not use
-equation numbers?)
-
-The ~\linelabel~ command starts a new paragraph if it is issued after
-an empty line. It will properly ignore further whitespace before the
-first word of text. Thus you can easily get a label to the first line
-of a paragraph.
-
-Furthermore, ~\linelabel~ uses \LaTeX s standart tricks to avoid
-unnecessary spaces if you place is between two words with spaces
-around, but you should not do that anyway, if you want to make sure
-that the label applies to a certain word in the text. You should
-attach the line label to the word in question without intervening
-spaces, either before of after the word. If you leave spaces both
-before and after the ~\linelabel~ command, the current implemenation
-attaches the line label to the following word (by ignoring the
-trailing space).
-
-Special care should be taken at the end of a paragraph. You better
-put the line label without intervening spaces behind the period, like
-this
-\begin{quote}
- ~This is the end of this section.%~\\
- ~\linelabel{ll2}~
-\end{quote}
-This is the end of this section.%
-\linelabel{ll2}
-
-\end{pagewiselinenumbers}
-
-\begin{linenumbers*}
-
-
-\section{Known incompatibilities}
-
-This section will expand whenever somebody discovers problems when
-using \lineno.sty together with other \LaTeX\ packages.
-
-\subsection{\texttt{wrapfig.sty}}
-
-\lineno.sty used to have problems with \texttt{wrapfig.sty}, but this
-is solved but \lineno.sty, version 2.05.
-
-
-\section{Extension packages}
-
-The extension packages were abolished with version v3.00 of
-\lineno.sty. One package, ~itemrule.sty~, was dropped, the others
-were put directly into the the main \lineno.sty package file.
-
-\subsection{Display math, \texttt{\itshape mlineno}}
-
-\lineno.sty does not work well with display math. The parts of a
-paragraph preceeding a display math will not get line numbers. The
-reason is that the paragraph is not finished, but the part above the
-display is broken into lines anyway.
-
-Let me demonstrate the effect. This paragraph contains a
-~{displaymath}~ environment. The part before the Formula does not get
-line numbers. Here comes the Formula
-\begin{displaymath}
- \mathrm{6\,H_2O + 6\,CO_2 \ \rightarrow\ C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6\,O_2}
-\end{displaymath}
-which makes the line numbers disappear. The trailing part of the
-paragraph does get line numbers.
-
-There are several means to solve the problem, but none of them is
-fully satisfactory. \lineno.sty defines a ~{linenomath}~ environment,
-which can be wrapped around a display math to make the line numbering
-work. This will work with any kind of display math, even if you use
-explicit ~$$~ pairs. There is a ~*~-form ~{linenomath*}~ which also
-numbers the lines of the display itself, as good as it can. Here
-comes an example use of ~{linenomath*}~
-\begin{linenomath*}
-\begin{eqnarray*}
- b_1 &=& a_{11}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 \\
- b_2 &=& a_{21}x_1 + a_{22}x_2
-\end{eqnarray*}
-\end{linenomath*}
-wrapping an ~{egnarray*}~ like this
-\begin{quote}
- ~\begin{linenomath*}~\\
- ~ \begin{eqnarray*}~\\
- ~ b_1 &=& a_{11}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 \\~\\
- ~ b_2 &=& a_{21}x_1 + a_{22}x_2~\\
- ~ \end{eqnarray*}~\\
- ~\end{linenomath*}~
-\end{quote}
-Specifying the package option ~[mathlines]~, causes the
-~{linenomath}~ environment to switch its function with its *-form.
-This allows you to later decide if you want the numbers on the formulas
-or not, without putting in stars everywhere (as long as you have been
-consistent).
-
-The ~{linenomath}~ wrapper does nothing if line numbering is not
-activated. You do not need to remove them if you decide to omit the
-line numbering later (although you still have to load \lineno.sty).
-
-The \texttt{\itshape mlineno} extension redefines the standard \LaTeX\
-display math environments to wrap themselves automatically into
-~{linenomath}~:
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\[~ ~\]~
- ~{displaymath}~
- ~{equation}~
- ~{eqnarray}~
- ~{eqnarray*}~
-\end{quote}
-As of version 3.00 you can activate this by the package option
-~[displaymath]~. You can keep existing explicit ~{linenomath}~
-wrappers without harm.
-
-This will probably not work with AMSmath.
-
-Other solutions to make \lineno.sty work with display math are either
-ugly or less stable. The ugly possibility is to precede every display
-math with an empty line, or better with
-\begin{quote}
- ~{\par\nobreak\noindent}~
-\end{quote}
-but this gains you nothing compared to using the ~{linenomath}~
-environment, since you still have to modify your document.
-
-\end{linenumbers*}
-
-
-\subsection{\texttt{\itshape rlineno}}
-
-\begin{runninglinenumbers}
-It is currently not possible to put a ~\linelabel~ into math mode.
-This should not impose problems with inline math, since you can attach
-the label just outside the math shift, like\linelabel{rll1}
-\begin{quote}
- ~... \linelabel{~<label>~}$x=f(y)$ ...~
-\end{quote}
-but to refer to a line in display math, you cannot label it directly.
-\end{runninglinenumbers}
-
-\begin{pagewiselinenumbers}
-The extension \texttt{\itshape rlineno} offers a solution,
-allowing to refer to a line number with an offset.
-
-This extension is now available with plain \lineno.sty v3.00.
-
-You put the ~\linelabel~ at the end of the preceeding line, and refer
-to that number, plus 1 or, in case of multiline displays, by any other
-offset.\linelabel{rll2}
-\begin{quote}
- ~...\linelabel{~<label>~}~ \\
- ~\begin{equation}~ \\
- ~ y=f'(x)~ \\
- ~\end{equation}~ \\
- ~... the formula in line \lineref[+1]{~<label>~}~
-\end{quote}
-The offset calculation is different for pagewise or running line
-numbers, and you will have to make sure the right method is used.
-\end{pagewiselinenumbers}
-
-The macro ~\lineref[~<offset>~]{~<label>~}~ uses the method of the
-currently selected mode (line numbering need not be activated). To
-specify the mode explicitly, use ~\linerefr~ or ~\linerefp~ for
-running or pagewise mode respectively.
-
-For example, the manual sets a ~\linelabel{rll1}~ at the end of the
-line preceeding the single line quote environment at
-line\,\linerefr[+1]{rll1} in the first paragraph of this chapter, and
-refered to it via
-\begin{quote}
- ~\linerefr[+1]{rll1}~
-\end{quote}
-and another one preceeding the quote environment in the second
-paragraph of this chapter, with the central line
-numbered\,\linerefp[+3]{rll2}, which I just refered to via
-\begin{quote}
- ~\linerefp[+3]{rll2}~
-\end{quote}
-\begin{runninglinenumbers}
-If the correct mode is selected (e.g., ~\setrunninglinenumbers~),
-you can use ~\lineref[+1]{rll1}~ to refer to
-line\,\lineref[+1]{rll1}.
-\end{runninglinenumbers}
-
-
-\subsection{\texttt{\itshape numquote}}
-
-This extension defines two environments, each of them with a *-form or
-alternatively an optional argument.
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\begin{numquote}~
- ~\end{numquote}~
-\end{quote}
-is like ~{quote}~,
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\begin{numquotation}~
- ~\end{numquotation}~
-\end{quote}
-is like ~{quotation}~, but with the lines numbered. Numbering
-restarts with 1 each time it is used, except you use the *-form, or
-specify the line number to start with in an optional argument.
-\begin{numquote}
-The line numbers set to the left of the text, indented by the same
-amount as the quote or quotation. This works as expected even if the
-quote appears in a nested list.
-\end{numquote}
-To customize the distance from the text or the shape of the
-numbers, you can modify the macros ~\quotelinenumbersep~ and
-~\quotelinenumberfont~ respectively.
-
-As of version 3.00, this is available directly with \lineno.sty.
-
-\clearpage
-
-\subsection{\texttt{\itshape ilineno}}
-\label{sec:ilineno}
-
-\begin{center}
-\noindent\fbox{\parbox{0.8\textwidth}{
- \internallinenumbers \resetlinenumber[13]
- Sometimes you need line numbers within a |\parbox\ or figure. This
- extension can do that, if the text is simple enough. It works by
- drawing a ladder of numbers next to the paragraph, each number
- vertically separated by |\baselineskip\ from the other. This
- obviously dose not work nicely with anything but straight text.
- Extra high lines (like this: $\displaystyle x=\frac AB$) will
- disturb the alignment. The power of \lineno.sty is not necessary to
- achieve this, but you may need both in one document with a somewhat
- coherent interface, and some of the necessary infrastructure from
- \lineno.sty is actually useful.
-}}\end{center}
-% Why is the v-spacing wrong here?
-
-The preceding paragraph was set like this:
-\begin{quote}
- ~\begin{center}\fbox{\parbox{0.8\textwidth}{~ \\
- ~\internallinenumbers~ \\
- ~\resetlinenumber[13]~ \\
- ~ ~ Sometimes you need \dots \\
- ~}}\end{center}~
-\end{quote}
-
-\subsection{\texttt{\itshape itemrule.sty}}
-
-Somebody asked me if he can get a rule next to an itemized item, from
-the bullet downwards. This style did that. It was unstable and of
-little interest, so it is gone from the \lineno.sty distribution.
-
-\subsection{\texttt{\itshape bframe}}
-\label{sec:bframe}
-
-\setlength\bframesep{10pt}
-\begin{bframe}
-\lineno.sty can be used for unexpected purposes. The environment
-\begin{quote}\obeylines
- ~\begin{bframe}~
- ~\end{bframe}~
-\end{quote}
-draws boxes around some text, even across page breaks. At a page
-break, the box is open (it is difficult to fix that). There are two
-parameters:
-\begin{description}\itemsep=0pt\parskip=0pt
-\item [|\bframesep] \leavevmode\\
- defines the separation of the box from the text.
-\item [|\bframerule] \leavevmode\\
- defines the thickness of the lines around the text.
-\end{description}
-
-It works by asking \lineno.sty to draw small rules left and right to
-the lines. The total height of the rules is ~\baselineskip~ plus
-~\bframesep~. This leaves some extra space for extra high lines.
-
-The current version is very preliminary. In a future version there
-may be a possibility to move the vertical lines inwards for indented
-text. The box may optionally be closed at page breaks. It will not
-likely be possible to have a colored background in the box, at least
-not with a graphics driver that cannot put a background behind
-existing foreground (Postscript cannot, I've been told). Tell me how
-to make a gray background, like block dots on transparent, and I can
-do shaded boxes.
-
-\end{bframe}
-
-\section{How to print the documented source}
-
-\begin{bframe}
-\lineno.sty is written in three programming languages: \TeX, sh,
-and awk.
-
-The file can be loaded as a \LaTeXe\ package as it is. However, if
-you feed it into a Unix shell, like
-\begin{quote}
- ~csh> source ./lineno.sty~
-\end{quote}
-it will produce the files ~lineno.tex~ and ~lineno.dvi~, which is the
-documented source of \lineno.sty. If you want to learn how it works,
-or you need to adapt \lineno.sty for some special requirements, you
-should read that document.
-\end{bframe}
-
-\end{document}