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+<title>Greek text with the LGR font encoding</title>
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+/* ====== */
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+/* no padding for top and bottom */
+div.admonition, div.attention, div.caution, div.danger, div.error,
+div.hint, div.important, div.note, div.tip, div.warning {
+ padding: 0px 1em }
+
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="document" id="greek-text-with-the-lgr-font-encoding">
+<h1 class="title">Greek text with the <cite>LGR</cite> font encoding</h1>
+
+<dl class="docinfo simple">
+<dt class="copyright">Copyright</dt>
+<dd class="copyright">© 2010 Günter Milde</dd>
+<dt>Licence</dt>
+<dd><p>This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+conditions of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">LaTeX Project Public License</a>, either
+version&nbsp;1.3 of this license or any later version.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="abstract topic">
+<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
+<p>The LGRx bundle provides packages and definitions for typesetting
+Greek text with fonts in the LGR encoding, the de-facto standard
+set by babel. It includes a comprehensive font definition file,
+support for Unicode input and macros for Greek letters in
+non-Greek text.</p>
+</div>
+<!-- -*- rst-mode -*- -->
+<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
+<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
+<ul class="auto-toc simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#state-of-the-art" id="id8"><span class="sectnum">1</span> State of the Art</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#problems" id="id9"><span class="sectnum">2</span> Problems</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#lgrxenc-def-comprehensive-font-encoding-definitions" id="id10"><span class="sectnum">3</span> lgrxenc.def: Comprehensive font encoding definitions</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#usage" id="id11">Usage</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#lgrenc-dfu-greek-unicode-support" id="id12"><span class="sectnum">4</span> lgrenc.dfu: Greek Unicode support</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#id7" id="id13">Usage</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha-sty-macros-for-greek-in-text" id="id14"><span class="sectnum">5</span> textalpha.sty: Macros for Greek in text</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="state-of-the-art">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8"><span class="sectnum">1</span> State of the Art</a></h1>
+<p>Up to now, there is no agreement on a Greek standard font encoding
+(reserved name <cite>T7</cite>) because the restrictions for general text encodings
+are too severe for typesetting polytonic Greek.</p>
+<p>The <cite>LGR</cite> font encoding is the de-facto standard for typesetting Greek with
+(8-bit) LaTeX. Fonts in this encoding include the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cbgreek-complete">CB fonts</a> (matching CM),
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/grtimes">grtimes</a> (Greek Times), <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/kerkis">Kerkis</a> (matching URW Bookman), and the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/gfs">GFS font
+collection</a>. Setup of these fonts as Greek variant to matching Latin fonts
+is facilitated by the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/substitutefont">substitutefont</a> package.</p>
+<p>The <cite>LGR</cite> font encoding generates Greek characters via an ASCII
+transliteration. This enables simple input with a Latin keyboard.
+Characters with diacritics are selected by ligature definitions in the
+font (see <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tug.org/texlive/Contents/live/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdf">greek-usage.pdf</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf">teubner-doc.pdf</a>, or
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-21/e21-a01.pdf">The CB Greek fonts</a>).</p>
+<div class="compound">
+<p class="compound-first">The name <cite>LGR</cite> does not reflect status of this font encoding due to
+historical reasons. The <a class="reference external" href="http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf">encguide</a> classifies encodings starting with <cite>L</cite>
+as &quot;local&quot;. Indeed, <cite>LGR</cite> started as a local encoding for the <cite>CB Greek
+fonts</cite> by Claudio Beccari. Later, Apostolos Syropoulos advanced it to the
+default font encoding for the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">Babel</a> package's <tt class="literal">greek</tt> option. The
+correct name would be <tt class="literal">OT7</tt>:</p>
+<ul class="compound-middle simple">
+<li><p>It is an 'old' encoding.</p></li>
+<li><p>It implements a Latin transscription for a non-Latin script like the
+<tt class="literal">OT2</tt> encoding.</p></li>
+<li><p>It is not confined to 128 bit but <tt class="literal">OT4</tt> shows that this is no
+absolute requirement for an <cite>OT</cite> encoding.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p class="compound-last">However, due to the fact that this font encoding has been used under its
+current name for a long time, the name will not change for compatibility
+reasons.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="problems">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9"><span class="sectnum">2</span> Problems</a></h1>
+<ol class="arabic">
+<li><p>Ligatures with prefix notation prevent kerning (see the examples
+linked below or the <cite>LGR</cite> documentation linked above).</p></li>
+<li><p>Sub-optimal results with the standard accent macros:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>no combined accents,</p></li>
+<li><p>accents above (instead of before) capital letters,</p></li>
+<li><p>pre-composed characters are not used.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p>The tilde character <tt class="literal">~</tt> is used for a non-breaking space by
+default. Therefore the transliteration for the <em>perispomeni</em> accent is
+not available without re-definition of this character.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#tildehack" id="id4"><sup>1</sup></a></p></li>
+<li><p>The <tt class="literal">polutonikogreek</tt> <cite>Babel</cite> option redefines both, <tt class="literal">~</tt> and <tt class="literal">\~</tt>
+to produce accents via input ligatures (restricted to the language
+setting instead of the font encoding). This prevents the placing of a
+tilde-accent on non-supported characters like in <em>niño</em> if the language
+is set to polytonic Greek, even if <tt class="literal">\textlatin</tt> is used.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#poluhack" id="id5"><sup>2</sup></a></p></li>
+<li><p>There is no Unicode support with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/inputenc">inputenc</a>'s <tt class="literal">utf8</tt> option.</p>
+<p>The <cite>ucs</cite> package contributed by Dominique Unruh provides Unicode
+support with the <tt class="literal">utf8x</tt> option. A <a class="reference external" href="http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-20/e20-a03.pdf">babel patch</a> by Werner Lemberg
+for Greek Unicode support never got applied.)</p>
+</li>
+<li><p>The LGR transliteration does not work for PDF bookmarks.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label">1</dt>
+<dd id="tildehack">
+<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">2</a>)</em> <p>Problem 3 can be solved by the simple one-liner</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareTextSymbol{\~}{LGR}{126}
+</pre>
+<p>which results in <tt class="literal">\~</tt> inserting a plain tilde character if the
+font encoding is <cite>LGR</cite>.</p>
+<p class="last">Drawback: you cannot place a ~-accent on Greek characters except the
+ones supported by an input ligature.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">2</a></dt>
+<dd id="poluhack">
+<p class="first">Fortunately, LaTeX saves copies of the accent macros: <tt class="literal">\~</tt>
+is an alias of <tt class="literal">\a~</tt> (which is an alias of <tt class="literal">\&#64;tabacckludge~</tt>), so it
+can be restored after loading <cite>Babel</cite> with:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\addto\extraspolutonikogreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
+\addto\extrasgreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
+</pre>
+<p class="last">With this addition, both the comprehensive font encoding definitions and
+the workaround<a class="footnote-reference" href="#tildehack" id="id6"><sup>1</sup></a> also work with the <tt class="literal">polutonikogreek</tt>
+<cite>Babel</cite> option.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="lgrxenc-def-comprehensive-font-encoding-definitions">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10"><span class="sectnum">3</span> lgrxenc.def: Comprehensive font encoding definitions</a></h1>
+<p><tt class="literal">lgrxenc.def</tt> is an alternative to the rudimentary <cite>LGR</cite> font
+definition file <tt class="literal">lgrenc.def</tt> which comes with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">Babel</a>'s Greek
+support. It defines accent macros for the <cite>LGR</cite> font encoding that
+select pre-composed glyphs if possible and places the diacritics
+according to Greek typesetting rules else. Combined accents can be
+specified as backslash + transliteration (<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\~&gt;a</span></tt>) or iteratively
+(<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\~\&gt;{a}</span></tt>).</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt>Source</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="lgrxenc.def">lgrxenc.def</a>, <a class="reference external" href="lgrxenc.def.html">lgrxenc.def.html</a></p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Doc</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="lgrxenc.tex">lgrxenc.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="lgrxenc.pdf">lgrxenc.pdf</a></p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Tests</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="lgrxenc-test.tex">lgrxenc-test.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="lgrxenc-test.pdf">lgrxenc-test.pdf</a></p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="section" id="usage">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Usage</a></h2>
+<p>To prevent confusion with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">Babel</a>'s <tt class="literal">lgrenc.def</tt>, this file is named
+<tt class="literal">lgrxenc.def</tt>. Load it by calling <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontenc">fontenc</a> with the <tt class="literal">LGRx</tt> option.</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>Example:</dt>
+<dd><p>Select font encodings <cite>T1</cite> (as default) and <cite>LGR</cite> (with the comprehensive
+font encoding definitions)</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage[LGRx,T1]{fontenc}</span></tt></p>
+</blockquote>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="attention">
+<p class="admonition-title">Attention!</p>
+<p>The name of the font encoding defined by the option <tt class="literal">LGRx</tt>
+is <strong>not</strong> <cite>LGRx</cite> but <cite>LGR</cite>. Therefore, <tt class="literal">LGRx</tt> may not be the
+last option (as fontenc uses the last option to select the default font
+encoding). To set <cite>LGR</cite> as as default font encoding specify both,
+<cite>LGRx</cite> and <cite>LGR</cite>, e.g.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage[LGRx,T1,LGR]{fontenc}</span></tt></p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="lgrenc-dfu-greek-unicode-support">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12"><span class="sectnum">4</span> lgrenc.dfu: Greek Unicode support</a></h1>
+<p>Standards-compatible UTF-8 support for Greek based on the comprehensive
+font encoding definitions.</p>
+<p>Cooperates with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref">hyperref</a> to enable Greek characters in section headers and
+PDF bookmarks without the need for <tt class="literal">\texorpdfstring</tt>.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt>Source</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="lgrenc.dfu">lgrenc.dfu</a>, <a class="reference external" href="lgrenc.dfu.html">lgrenc.dfu.html</a></p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Example</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="greek-unicode.tex">greek-unicode.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="greek-unicode.pdf">greek-unicode.pdf</a></p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="section" id="id7">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Usage</a></h2>
+<p>Requires comprehensive font encoding definitions from <tt class="literal">lgrxenc.def</tt>:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage[LGRx,T1]{fontenc}</span></tt> % define LGR and T1 encodings
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}</span></tt> % standard UTF-8 input encoding</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Unless combined with the <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> package, text containing Greek Unicode
+characters must be marked as requiring the LGR font encoding (either
+directly or by setting the language to <tt class="literal">greek</tt> or <tt class="literal">polutonikogreek</tt>).
+This is a feature of <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/inputenc">inputenc</a>'s standard utf8 support, similar to the
+behaviour for, e.g., Cyrillic characters.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="textalpha-sty-macros-for-greek-in-text">
+<span id="textalpha"></span><h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14"><span class="sectnum">5</span> textalpha.sty: Macros for Greek in text</a></h1>
+<p>Macros for Greek letters in text that work in any font encoding (see the
+example below for limitations) and alias macros for compatibility with
+existing packages.</p>
+<p>Cooperates with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref">hyperref</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/bookmark">bookmark</a> to enable Greek characters in
+section headers and PDF bookmarks without the need for <tt class="literal">\texorpdfstring</tt>.</p>
+<div class="note">
+<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>The package was renamed from <cite>textgreek</cite> to <cite>textalpha</cite> to prevent
+confusion with the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/textgreek">textgreek</a> package by Leonard Michlmayr.</p>
+</div>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt>Source</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty">textalpha.sty</a>, <a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty.html">textalpha.sty.html</a></p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Example</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="textalpha-test.tex">textalpha-test.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="textalpha-test.pdf">textalpha-test.pdf</a></p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Bookmarks</dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="greekhyperref.tex">greekhyperref.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="greekhyperref.pdf">greekhyperref.pdf</a></p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<!-- References
+========== -->
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>