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index 1445a1b7266..8c9a6e28506 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
@@ -1,246 +1,3 @@
-Short Contents
-**************
-
-LaTeX2e
-1 Overview of LaTeX
-2 Starting & ending
-3 Document classes
-4 Typefaces
-5 Layout
-6 Sectioning
-7 Cross references
-8 Environments
-9 Line breaking
-10 Page breaking
-11 Footnotes
-12 Definitions
-13 Counters
-14 Lengths
-15 Making paragraphs
-16 Math formulas
-17 Modes
-18 Page styles
-19 Spaces
-20 Boxes
-21 Special insertions
-22 Splitting the input
-23 Front/back matter
-24 Letters
-25 Terminal input/output
-26 Command line
-Appendix A Document templates
-Concept Index
-Command Index
-
-
-Table of Contents
-*****************
-
-LaTeX2e
-1 Overview of LaTeX
-2 Starting & ending
-3 Document classes
- 3.1 Document class options
-4 Typefaces
- 4.1 Font styles
- 4.2 Font sizes
- 4.3 Low-level font commands
-5 Layout
- 5.1 `\onecolumn'
- 5.2 `\twocolumn'
- 5.3 `\flushbottom'
- 5.4 `\raggedbottom'
- 5.5 Page layout parameters
-6 Sectioning
-7 Cross references
- 7.1 `\label'
- 7.2 `\pageref{KEY}'
- 7.3 `\ref{KEY}'
-8 Environments
- 8.1 `abstract'
- 8.2 `array'
- 8.3 `center'
- 8.3.1 `\centering'
- 8.4 `description'
- 8.5 `displaymath'
- 8.6 `document'
- 8.7 `enumerate'
- 8.8 `eqnarray'
- 8.9 `equation'
- 8.10 `figure'
- 8.11 `flushleft'
- 8.11.1 `\raggedright'
- 8.12 `flushright'
- 8.12.1 `\raggedleft'
- 8.13 `itemize'
- 8.14 `letter' environment: writing letters
- 8.15 `list'
- 8.16 `math'
- 8.17 `minipage'
- 8.18 `picture'
- 8.18.1 `\circle'
- 8.18.2 `\makebox'
- 8.18.3 `\framebox'
- 8.18.4 `\dashbox'
- 8.18.5 `\frame'
- 8.18.6 `\line'
- 8.18.7 `\linethickness'
- 8.18.8 `\thicklines'
- 8.18.9 `\thinlines'
- 8.18.10 `\multiput'
- 8.18.11 `\oval'
- 8.18.12 `\put'
- 8.18.13 `\shortstack'
- 8.18.14 `\vector'
- 8.19 `quotation'
- 8.20 `quote'
- 8.21 `tabbing'
- 8.22 `table'
- 8.23 `tabular'
- 8.23.1 `\multicolumn'
- 8.23.2 `\cline'
- 8.23.3 `\hline'
- 8.23.4 `\vline'
- 8.24 `thebibliography'
- 8.24.1 `\bibitem'
- 8.24.2 `\cite'
- 8.24.3 `\nocite'
- 8.24.4 Using BibTeX
- 8.25 `theorem'
- 8.26 `titlepage'
- 8.27 `verbatim'
- 8.27.1 `\verb'
- 8.28 `verse'
-9 Line breaking
- 9.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE]
- 9.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr'
- 9.3 `\newline'
- 9.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen)
- 9.5 `\fussy'
- 9.6 `\sloppy'
- 9.7 `\hyphenation'
- 9.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak'
-10 Page breaking
- 10.1 `\cleardoublepage'
- 10.2 `\clearpage'
- 10.3 `\newpage'
- 10.4 `\enlargethispage'
- 10.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak'
-11 Footnotes
- 11.1 `\footnote'
- 11.2 `\footnotemark'
- 11.3 `\footnotetext'
- 11.4 Symbolic footnotes
- 11.5 Footnote parameters
-12 Definitions
- 12.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand'
- 12.2 `\newcounter'
- 12.3 `\newlength'
- 12.4 `\newsavebox'
- 12.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment'
- 12.6 `\newtheorem'
- 12.7 `\newfont'
- 12.8 `\protect'
-13 Counters
- 13.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
- 13.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}'
- 13.3 `\value{COUNTER}'
- 13.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
- 13.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
- 13.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
- 13.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
- 13.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters
-14 Lengths
- 14.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
- 14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
- 14.3 `\settodepth'
- 14.4 `\settoheight'
- 14.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
- 14.6 Predefined lengths
-15 Making paragraphs
- 15.1 `\indent'
- 15.2 `\noindent'
- 15.3 `\parskip'
- 15.4 Marginal notes
-16 Math formulas
- 16.1 Subscripts & superscripts
- 16.2 Math symbols
- 16.3 Math functions
- 16.4 Math accents
- 16.5 Spacing in math mode
- 16.6 Math miscellany
-17 Modes
-18 Page styles
- 18.1 `\maketitle'
- 18.2 `\pagenumbering'
- 18.3 `\pagestyle'
- 18.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
-19 Spaces
- 19.1 `\hspace'
- 19.2 `\hfill'
- 19.3 `\SPACE'
- 19.4 `\@'
- 19.5 `\thinspace'
- 19.6 `\/'
- 19.7 `\hrulefill'
- 19.8 `\dotfill'
- 19.9 `\addvspace'
- 19.10 `\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
- 19.11 `\vfill'
- 19.12 `\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
-20 Boxes
- 20.1 `\mbox{TEXT}'
- 20.2 `\fbox' and `\framebox'
- 20.3 `lrbox'
- 20.4 `\makebox'
- 20.5 `\parbox'
- 20.6 `\raisebox'
- 20.7 `\savebox'
- 20.8 `\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
- 20.9 `\usebox{\BOXCMD'
-21 Special insertions
- 21.1 Reserved characters
- 21.2 Text symbols
- 21.3 Accents
- 21.4 Non-English characters
- 21.5 `\rule'
- 21.6 `\today'
-22 Splitting the input
- 22.1 `\include'
- 22.2 \`includeonly'
- 22.3 \input
-23 Front/back matter
- 23.1 Tables of contents
- 23.1.1 \addcontentsline
- 23.1.2 \addtocontents
- 23.2 Glossaries
- 23.3 Indexes
-24 Letters
- 24.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
- 24.2 `\cc'
- 24.3 `\closing'
- 24.4 `\encl'
- 24.5 `\location'
- 24.6 `\makelabels'
- 24.7 `\name'
- 24.8 `\opening{TEXT}'
- 24.9 `\ps'
- 24.10 `\signature{TEXT}'
- 24.11 `\startbreaks'
- 24.12 `\stopbreaks'
- 24.13 `\telephone'
-25 Terminal input/output
- 25.1 `\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
- 25.2 `\typeout{MSG}'
-26 Command line
-Appendix A Document templates
- A.1 `book' template
- A.2 `beamer' template
- A.3 `tugboat' template
-Concept Index
-Command Index
-
-
LaTeX2e
*******
@@ -249,11 +6,11 @@ preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is intended to cover
LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
LaTeX is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX
-typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport;
-it is now maintained by a group of volunteers
-(`http://latex-project.org'). The official documentation written by
-the LaTeX project is available there. Again, the present document is
-unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers.
+typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it
+is now maintained by a group of volunteers (`http://latex-project.org').
+The official documentation written by the LaTeX project is available
+there. Again, the present document is unofficial and has not been
+reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers.
1 Overview of LaTeX
*******************
@@ -287,10 +44,10 @@ three files as output:
3. An "auxiliary" or `.aux' file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for
things such as sectioning.
- A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of a
-`\' followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single
-non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, `[]', are optional
-while arguments contained in braces, `{}', are required.
+ A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of a `\'
+followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter.
+Arguments contained in square brackets, `[]', are optional while
+arguments contained in braces, `{}', are required.
LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless
explicitly directed to do otherwise.
@@ -309,9 +66,8 @@ where the CLASS is a valid document class for LaTeX. *Note Document
classes::, for details of the various document classes available
locally.
- You may include other LaTeX commands between the `\documentclass'
-and the `\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the
-"preamble").
+ You may include other LaTeX commands between the `\documentclass' and
+the `\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the "preamble").
3 Document classes
******************
@@ -320,8 +76,8 @@ The class of a given document is defined with the command:
\documentclass[OPTIONS]{CLASS}
-The `\documentclass' command must be the first command in a LaTeX
-source file.
+The `\documentclass' command must be the first command in a LaTeX source
+file.
Built-in LaTeX document CLASS names are (many other document classes
are available as add-ons; *note Overview::):
@@ -390,16 +146,16 @@ paper size (default is `letterpaper'):
page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper
size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For
one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided,
- `\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between `\paperwidth'
- and `\textwidth' with `\evensidemargin' the remainder.
+ `\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between `\paperwidth' and
+ `\textwidth' with `\evensidemargin' the remainder.
`openright'
`openany'
Determines if a chapter should start on a right-hand page; default
is `openright' for book.
- The `slides' class offers the option `clock' for printing the time
-at the bottom of each note.
+ The `slides' class offers the option `clock' for printing the time at
+the bottom of each note.
Additional packages are loaded like this:
@@ -408,8 +164,8 @@ at the bottom of each note.
To specify more than one PKG, you can separate them with a comma, or
use multiple `\usepackage' commands.
- Any options given in the `\documentclass' command that are unknown
-by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
+ Any options given in the `\documentclass' command that are unknown by
+the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
`\usepackage'.
4 Typefaces
@@ -525,17 +281,16 @@ differently than the above commands, too: `{\CMD ...}' instead of
`\tt'
Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
-
4.2 Font sizes
==============
The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX. The
-table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font size
-used (in points) with the `10pt', `11pt', and `12pt' document size
-options, respectively (*note Document class options::).
+table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font size used
+(in points) with the `10pt', `11pt', and `12pt' document size options,
+respectively (*note Document class options::).
Command `10pt' `11pt' `12pt'
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------------------------
`\tiny' 5 6 6
`\scriptsize' 7 8 8
`\footnotesize' 8 9 10
@@ -547,9 +302,9 @@ Command `10pt' `11pt' `12pt'
`\huge' 20.74 20.74 24.88
`\Huge' 24.88 24.88 24.88
- The commands as listed here are "declaration forms". The scope of
-the declaration form lasts until the next type style command or the end
-of the current group. You can also use the environment form of these
+ The commands as listed here are "declaration forms". The scope of the
+declaration form lasts until the next type style command or the end of
+the current group. You can also use the environment form of these
commands; for instance, `\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.
4.3 Low-level font commands
@@ -633,7 +388,6 @@ ones.
and `\fontshape' with the given parameters, followed by
`\selectfont'.
-
5 Layout
********
@@ -662,14 +416,13 @@ typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.
The distance between columns (35pt by default).
`\columnseprule'
- The width of the rule between columns; the default is 0pt, so
- there is no rule.
+ The width of the rule between columns; the default is 0pt, so there
+ is no rule.
`\columnwidth'
The width of the current column; this is equal to `\textwidth' in
single-column text.
-
These parameters control float behavior in two-column output:
`\dbltopfraction'
@@ -690,7 +443,6 @@ typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.
Distance between a multi-column float at the top or bottom of a
page and the main text. Default `20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
-
5.3 `\flushbottom'
==================
@@ -715,14 +467,14 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.
size.
`\headsep'
- Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the
- top of the main text. Default is `25pt', except in the `book'
- class, where it varies with the type size.
+ Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the top
+ of the main text. Default is `25pt', except in the `book' class,
+ where it varies with the type size.
`\footskip'
- Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the
- baseline of the page footer. Default is `30pt', except in the
- `book' class, where it varies with the type size.
+ Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the baseline
+ of the page footer. Default is `30pt', except in the `book' class,
+ where it varies with the type size.
`\linewidth'
Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size,
@@ -734,8 +486,8 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.
The normal vertical height of the page body; the default varies
with the font size, document class, etc. For an `article' or
`report' document in `10pt', it's set to `43\baselineskip'; for
- `book', it's `41\baselineskip'. For `11pt', it's
- `38\baselineskip' and for `12pt', `36\baselineskip'.
+ `book', it's `41\baselineskip'. For `11pt', it's `38\baselineskip'
+ and for `12pt', `36\baselineskip'.
`\textwidth'
The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as
@@ -747,14 +499,13 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.
Space between the top of the TeX page (one inch from the top of the
paper, by default) and the top of the header. The default is
computed based on many other parameters: `\paperheight - 2in -
- \headheight - \headsep - \textheight - \footskip', and then
- divided by two.
+ \headheight - \headsep - \textheight - \footskip', and then divided
+ by two.
`\topskip'
Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline
- of the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default
- is the same as the font size, e.g., `10pt' at `10pt'.
-
+ of the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default is
+ the same as the font size, e.g., `10pt' at `10pt'.
6 Sectioning
************
@@ -792,15 +543,15 @@ To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument
TOCTITLE that, when given, specifies the text for these other places.
Also, all sectioning commands have `*'-forms that print TITLE as
-usual, but do not include a number and do not make an entry in the
-table of contents. For instance:
+usual, but do not include a number and do not make an entry in the table
+of contents. For instance:
\section*{Preamble}
- The `\appendix' command changes the way following sectional units
-are numbered. The `\appendix' command itself generates no text and
-does not affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this command
-is something like
+ The `\appendix' command changes the way following sectional units are
+numbered. The `\appendix' command itself generates no text and does not
+affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this command is
+something like
\chapter{A Chapter}
...
@@ -928,8 +679,8 @@ that tells how items in that row should be formatted, as follows:
Column entries are separated by `&'. Column entries may include
other LaTeX commands. Each row of the array is terminated with `\\'.
- In the template, the construct `@{TEXT}' puts TEXT between columns
-in each row.
+ In the template, the construct `@{TEXT}' puts TEXT between columns in
+each row.
Here's an example:
@@ -965,10 +716,10 @@ current page. Each line is terminated with the string `\\'.
------------------
The `\centering' declaration corresponds to the `center' environment.
-This declaration can be used inside an environment such as `quote' or
-in a `parbox'. Thus, the text of a figure or table can be centered on
-the page by putting a `\centering' command at the beginning of the
-figure or table environment.
+This declaration can be used inside an environment such as `quote' or in
+a `parbox'. Thus, the text of a figure or table can be centered on the
+page by putting a `\centering' command at the beginning of the figure or
+table environment.
Unlike the `center' environment, the `\centering' command does not
start a new paragraph; it simply changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
@@ -1024,8 +775,8 @@ or
MATH text on its own line, centered by default. The global `fleqn'
option makes equations flush left; see *note Document class options::.
- No equation number is added to `displaymath' text; to get an
-equation number, use the `equation' environment (*note equation::).
+ No equation number is added to `displaymath' text; to get an equation
+number, use the `equation' environment (*note equation::).
8.6 `document'
==============
@@ -1083,13 +834,13 @@ letters:
...
\end{eqnarray}
- The `eqnarray' environment is used to display a sequence of
-equations or inequalities. It is very much like a three-column `array'
+ The `eqnarray' environment is used to display a sequence of equations
+or inequalities. It is very much like a three-column `array'
environment, with consecutive rows separated by `\\' and consecutive
items within a row separated by an `&'.
- `\\*' can also be used to separate equations, with its normal
-meaning of not allowing a page break at that line.
+ `\\*' can also be used to separate equations, with its normal meaning
+of not allowing a page break at that line.
An equation number is placed on every line unless that line has a
`\nonumber' command. Alternatively, The `*'-form of the environment
@@ -1154,7 +905,6 @@ put a float:
(Page of floats)--on a separate float page, which is a page
containing no text, only floats.
-
The standard report and article classes use the default placement
`tbp'.
@@ -1178,8 +928,8 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::).
`\intextsep'
Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text;
- default `12pt plus2pt minus2pt' for `10pt' and `11pt' styles,
- `14pt plus4pt minus4pt' for `12pt'.
+ default `12pt plus2pt minus2pt' for `10pt' and `11pt' styles, `14pt
+ plus4pt minus4pt' for `12pt'.
`\textfloatsep'
Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page;
@@ -1194,7 +944,6 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::).
Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before
floats; default is `.7'.
-
8.11 `flushleft'
================
@@ -1212,8 +961,8 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string `\\'.
---------------------
The `\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the `flushleft'
-environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such
-as `quote' or in a `parbox'.
+environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such as
+`quote' or in a `parbox'.
Unlike the `flushleft' environment, the `\raggedright' command does
not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
@@ -1238,8 +987,8 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string `\\'.
--------------------
The `\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the `flushright'
-environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such
-as `quote' or in a `parbox'.
+environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such as
+`quote' or in a `parbox'.
Unlike the `flushright' environment, the `\raggedleft' command does
not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
@@ -1260,11 +1009,11 @@ Synopsis:
The `itemize' environment produces an "unordered", "bulleted" list.
Itemizations can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep.
-They can also be nested within other paragraph-making environments,
-such as `enumerate' (*note enumerate::).
+They can also be nested within other paragraph-making environments, such
+as `enumerate' (*note enumerate::).
- Each item of an `itemize' list begins with an `\item' command.
-There must be at least one `\item' command within the environment.
+ Each item of an `itemize' list begins with an `\item' command. There
+must be at least one `\item' command within the environment.
By default, the marks at each level look like this:
@@ -1315,7 +1064,6 @@ greatly reduces the margin space for outermost lists:
`quotation', and `verse' environments, where it is set equal to
`\leftmargin'.
-
Parameters affecting vertical spacing between list items (rather
loose, by default).
@@ -1340,7 +1088,6 @@ loose, by default).
documents, `3pt plus1pt minus1pt' for `11pt', and `3pt plus2pt
minus2pt' for `12pt'.
-
Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide
space between items. Here is an example defining an `itemize*'
environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs
@@ -1374,8 +1121,8 @@ documents, but often in macros.
The mandatory LABELING argument specifies how items should be
labelled (unless the optional argument is supplied to `\item'). This
-argument is a piece of text that is inserted in a box to form the
-label. It can and usually does contain other LaTeX commands.
+argument is a piece of text that is inserted in a box to form the label.
+It can and usually does contain other LaTeX commands.
The mandatory SPACING argument contains commands to change the
spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be
@@ -1428,11 +1175,11 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
... PICTURE COMMANDS ...
\end{picture}
- The `picture' environment allows you to create just about any kind
-of picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You
-tell LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their
-coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point
-and a minus sign--a number like `5', `0.3' or `-3.1416'. A coordinate
+ The `picture' environment allows you to create just about any kind of
+picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell
+LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their
+coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point and
+a minus sign--a number like `5', `0.3' or `-3.1416'. A coordinate
specifies a length in multiples of the unit length `\unitlength', so if
`\unitlength' has been set to `1cm', then the coordinate 2.54 specifies
a length of 2.54 centimeters. You should only change the value of
@@ -1462,16 +1209,16 @@ For example, if `\unitlength' has been set to `1mm', the command
produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters,
whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right
-corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a
-picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the origin
-at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by
-shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument.
+corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a picture,
+you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the
+lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by shifting
+everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument.
The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of
-the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture
-really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the
-picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by
-LaTeX in determining how much room to leave for it.
+the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture really
+is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the picture, or
+even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by LaTeX in
+determining how much room to leave for it.
Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the `\put' command.
The command
@@ -1509,8 +1256,8 @@ solid circle.
normal `\makebox' command except that you must specify a `width' and
`height' in multiples of `\unitlength'.
- The optional argument, `[position]', specifies the quadrant that
-your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
+ The optional argument, `[position]', specifies the quadrant that your
+text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
`t'
Moves the item to the top of the rectangle.
@@ -1524,7 +1271,6 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
`r'
Moves the item to the right.
-
*Note \makebox::.
8.18.3 `\framebox'
@@ -1538,9 +1284,8 @@ Synopsis:
except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box that it
creates.
- The `\framebox' command produces a rule of thickness `\fboxrule',
-and leaves a space `\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the
-box.
+ The `\framebox' command produces a rule of thickness `\fboxrule', and
+leaves a space `\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box.
8.18.4 `\dashbox'
-----------------
@@ -1552,8 +1297,10 @@ Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis:
`\dashbox' creates a dashed rectangle around TEXT in a `picture'
environment. Dashes are DLEN units long, and the rectangle has overall
width RWIDTH and height RHEIGHT. The TEXT is positioned at optional
-POS. A dashed box looks best when the `rwidth' and `rheight' are
-multiples of the `dlen'.
+POS.
+
+ A dashed box looks best when the `rwidth' and `rheight' are multiples
+of the `dlen'.
8.18.5 `\frame'
---------------
@@ -1724,8 +1471,8 @@ Synopsis:
\end{tabbing}
The `tabbing' environment provides a way to align text in columns.
-It works by setting tab stops and tabbing to them much as was done on
-an ordinary typewriter. It is best suited for cases where the width of
+It works by setting tab stops and tabbing to them much as was done on an
+ordinary typewriter. It is best suited for cases where the width of
each column is constant and known in advance.
This environment can be broken across pages, unlike the `tabular'
@@ -1733,7 +1480,7 @@ environment.
The following commands can be used inside a `tabbing' enviroment:
-`\\ tabbing'
+`\\ (tabbing)'
End a line.
`\= (tabbing)'
@@ -1757,8 +1504,8 @@ environment.
`\' (tabbing)'
Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column,
i.e. everything from the most recent `\>', `\<', `\'', `\\', or
- `\kill' command, to the right of the previous column, flush
- against the current column's tab stop.
+ `\kill' command, to the right of the previous column, flush against
+ the current column's tab stop.
`\` (tabbing)'
Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including
@@ -1770,15 +1517,15 @@ environment.
`\`' and the command that ends the line.
`\a (tabbing)'
- In a `tabbing' environment, the commands `\=', `\'' and `\`' do
- not produce accents as usual (*note Accents::). Instead, the
- commands `\a=', `\a'' and `\a`' are used.
+ In a `tabbing' environment, the commands `\=', `\'' and `\`' do not
+ produce accents as usual (*note Accents::). Instead, the commands
+ `\a=', `\a'' and `\a`' are used.
`\kill'
- Sets tab stops without producing text. Works just like `\\'
- except that it throws away the current line instead of producing
- output for it. The effect of any `\=', `\+' or `\-' commands in
- that line remain in effect.
+ Sets tab stops without producing text. Works just like `\\' except
+ that it throws away the current line instead of producing output
+ for it. The effect of any `\=', `\+' or `\-' commands in that line
+ remain in effect.
`\poptabs'
Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last `\pushtabs'.
@@ -1791,7 +1538,6 @@ environment.
`\tabbingsep'
Distance to left of tab stop moved by `\''.
-
This example typesets a Pascal function in a traditional format:
\begin{tabbing}
@@ -1817,16 +1563,16 @@ Synopsis:
\end{table}
Tables are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are
-usually "floated" to a convenient place, like the top of a page.
-Tables will not be split between two pages.
+usually "floated" to a convenient place, like the top of a page. Tables
+will not be split between two pages.
The optional argument `[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try
to place your table. There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put
a float; these are the same as that used with the `figure' environment,
and described there (*note figure::).
- The standard `report' and `article' classes use the default
-placement `[tbp]'.
+ The standard `report' and `article' classes use the default placement
+`[tbp]'.
The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
etc., you wish. The `\caption' command allows you to title your table.
@@ -1851,9 +1597,9 @@ Synopsis:
These environments produce a box consisting of a sequence of rows of
items, aligned vertically in columns.
- `\\' must be used to specify the end of each row of the table,
-except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command
-(to put a rule below the table) follows.
+ `\\' must be used to specify the end of each row of the table, except
+for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command (to put a
+rule below the table) follows.
The mandatory and optional arguments consist of:
@@ -1863,13 +1609,13 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command
specified width.
`pos'
- Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the
- centre of the environment.
+ Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre
+ of the environment.
- `t'
+ `t'
align on top row
- `b'
+ `b'
align on bottom row
`cols'
@@ -1877,31 +1623,31 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command
following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and
intercolumn material.
- `l'
+ `l'
A column of left-aligned items.
- `r'
+ `r'
A column of right-aligned items.
- `'
- A column of centred items.
+ `c'
+ A column of centered items.
- `|'
+ `|'
A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment.
- `@{TEXT}'
+ `@{TEXT}'
This inserts TEXT in every row. An @-expression suppresses
the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any
- desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent
- items must be included in TEXT. An `\extracolsep{wd}'
- command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width
- `wd' to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until
- countermanded by another `\extracolsep' command. Unlike
- ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not
- suppressed by an @-expression. An `\extracolsep' command can
- be used only in an @-expression in the `cols' argument.
-
- `p{WD}'
+ desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items
+ must be included in TEXT. An `\extracolsep{wd}' command in an
+ @-expression causes an extra space of width `wd' to appear to
+ the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by
+ another `\extracolsep' command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn
+ space, this extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression.
+ An `\extracolsep' command can be used only in an @-expression
+ in the `cols' argument.
+
+ `p{WD}'
Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width
WD, as if it were the argument of a `\parbox[t]{WD}' command.
However, a `\\' may not appear in the item, except in the
@@ -1917,17 +1663,16 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command
appear inside braces or an environment when used in a
`p'-column element.
- `*{NUM}{COLS}'
+ `*{NUM}{COLS}'
Equivalent to NUM copies of COLS, where NUM is a positive
integer and COLS is any list of column-specifiers, which may
contain another `*-expression'.
-
Parameters that control formatting:
`\arrayrulewidth'
- Thickness of the rule created by `|', `\hline', and `\vline' in
- the `tabular' and `array' environments; the default is `.4pt'.
+ Thickness of the rule created by `|', `\hline', and `\vline' in the
+ `tabular' and `array' environments; the default is `.4pt'.
`\arraystretch'
Scaling of spacing between rows in the `tabular' and `array'
@@ -1940,7 +1685,6 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command
`\tabcolsep'
Half the width of the space between columns; default is `6pt'.
-
These commands can be used inside a `tabular' environment:
8.23.1 `\multicolumn'
@@ -1949,12 +1693,11 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command
Synopsis:
\multicolumn{COLS}{POS}{TEXT}
- The `\multicolumn' command makes an entry that spans several
-columns. The first mandatory argument, COLS, specifies the number of
-columns to span. The second mandatory argument, POS, specifies the
-formatting of the entry; `c' for centered, `l' for flushleft, `r' for
-flushright. The third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to
-put in the entry.
+ The `\multicolumn' command makes an entry that spans several columns.
+The first mandatory argument, COLS, specifies the number of columns to
+span. The second mandatory argument, POS, specifies the formatting of
+the entry; `c' for centered, `l' for flushleft, `r' for flushright. The
+third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry.
Here's an example showing two columns separated by an en-dash;
`\multicolumn' is used for the heading:
@@ -1987,10 +1730,9 @@ line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.
8.23.4 `\vline'
---------------
-The `\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full
-height and depth of its row. An `\hfill' command can be used to move
-the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an
-@-expression.
+The `\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height
+and depth of its row. An `\hfill' command can be used to move the line
+to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression.
8.24 `thebibliography'
======================
@@ -2005,16 +1747,16 @@ Synopsis:
The `thebibliography' environment produces a bibliography or
reference list.
- In the `article' class, this reference list is labelled
-"References"; in the `report' class, it is labelled "Bibliography".
-You can change the label (in the standard classes) by redefining the
-command `\refname'. For instance, this eliminates it entirely:
+ In the `article' class, this reference list is labelled "References";
+in the `report' class, it is labelled "Bibliography". You can change
+the label (in the standard classes) by redefining the command
+`\refname'. For instance, this eliminates it entirely:
\renewcommand{\refname}{}
- The mandatory WIDEST-LABEL argument is text that, when typeset, is
-as wide as the widest item label produced by the `\bibitem' commands.
-It is typically given as `9' for bibliographies with less than 10
+ The mandatory WIDEST-LABEL argument is text that, when typeset, is as
+wide as the widest item label produced by the `\bibitem' commands. It
+is typically given as `9' for bibliographies with less than 10
references, `99' for ones with less than 100, etc.
8.24.1 `\bibitem'
@@ -2024,12 +1766,12 @@ Synopsis:
\bibitem[LABEL]{CITE_KEY}
The `\bibitem' command generates an entry labelled by LABEL. If the
-LABEL argument is missing, a number is automatically generated using
-the `enumi' counter. The CITE_KEY is any sequence of letters, numbers,
-and punctuation symbols not containing a comma.
+LABEL argument is missing, a number is automatically generated using the
+`enumi' counter. The CITE_KEY is any sequence of letters, numbers, and
+punctuation symbols not containing a comma.
- This command writes an entry to the `.aux' file containing the
-item's CITE_KEY and label. When the `.aux' file is read by the
+ This command writes an entry to the `.aux' file containing the item's
+CITE_KEY and label. When the `.aux' file is read by the
`\begin{document}' command, the item's `label' is associated with
`cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a `\cite' command (see
next section) to produce the associated label.
@@ -2042,12 +1784,11 @@ Synopsis:
\cite[SUBCITE]{KEYS
The KEYS argument is a list of one or more citation keys, separated
-by commas. This command generates an in-text citation to the
-references associated with KEYS by entries in the `.aux' file.
+by commas. This command generates an in-text citation to the references
+associated with KEYS by entries in the `.aux' file.
- The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the
-citation. For example, `\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce `[Knuth,
-p. 314]'.
+ The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the citation.
+For example, `\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce `[Knuth, p. 314]'.
8.24.3 `\nocite'
----------------
@@ -2094,8 +1835,8 @@ demands of various publications. See
The `\bibliography' command is what actually produces the
bibliography. The argument to `\bibliography' refers to files named
`BIBFILE.bib', which should contain your database in BibTeX format.
-Only the entries referred to via `\cite' and `\nocite' will be listed
-in the bibliography.
+Only the entries referred to via `\cite' and `\nocite' will be listed in
+the bibliography.
8.25 `theorem'
==============
@@ -2120,9 +1861,9 @@ Synopsis:
\end{titlepage}
The `titlepage' environment creates a title page, i.e., a page with
-no printed page number or heading. It also causes the following page
-to be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you.
-The `\today' command may be useful on title pages (*note \today::).
+no printed page number or heading. It also causes the following page to
+be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you. The
+`\today' command may be useful on title pages (*note \today::).
You can use the `\maketitle' command (*note \maketitle::) to produce
a standard title page without a `titlepage' environment.
@@ -2136,11 +1877,11 @@ Synopsis:
LITERAL-TEXT
\end{verbatim}
- The `verbatim' environment is a paragraph-making environment in
-which LaTeX produces exactly what you type in; for instance the `\'
-character produces a printed `\'. It turns LaTeX into a typewriter
-with carriage returns and blanks having the same effect that they would
-on a typewriter.
+ The `verbatim' environment is a paragraph-making environment in which
+LaTeX produces exactly what you type in; for instance the `\' character
+produces a printed `\'. It turns LaTeX into a typewriter with carriage
+returns and blanks having the same effect that they would on a
+typewriter.
The `verbatim' uses a monospaced typewriter-like font (`\tt').
@@ -2183,10 +1924,10 @@ stanzas.
9 Line breaking
***************
-The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to
-translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To
-produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines
-(and these lines must be broken into pages).
+The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to translate
+your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a
+printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines (and these
+lines must be broken into pages).
LaTeX usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in some
environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the `\\' command,
@@ -2222,20 +1963,20 @@ mode.
===============================
The `\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that
-point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find
-most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an
-incorrect one. The `\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
+point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most
+of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an incorrect
+one. The `\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
When you insert `\-' commands in a word, the word will only be
-hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points
-that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
+hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that
+LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
9.5 `\fussy'
============
The declaration `\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about
-line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at
-the cost of an occasional overfull box.
+line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the
+cost of an occasional overfull box.
This command cancels the effect of a previous `\sloppy' command
(*note \sloppy::.
@@ -2243,8 +1984,8 @@ the cost of an occasional overfull box.
9.6 `\sloppy'
=============
-The declaration `\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking.
-This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
+The declaration `\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. This
+will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
Lasts until a `\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::).
@@ -2255,11 +1996,11 @@ Synopsis:
\hyphenation{WORD-ONE WORD-TWO}
- The `\hyphenation' command declares allowed hyphenation points with
-a `-' character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces.
+ The `\hyphenation' command declares allowed hyphenation points with a
+`-' character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces.
TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are
-tried. Multiple `\hyphenation' commands accumulate. Some examples
-(the default TeX hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these
+tried. Multiple `\hyphenation' commands accumulate. Some examples (the
+default TeX hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these
words):
\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
@@ -2277,9 +2018,9 @@ Synopses:
spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right
margin as usual.
- With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the command
-from a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4.
-The higher the number, the more insistent the request.
+ With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the command from
+a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4. The
+higher the number, the more insistent the request.
10 Page breaking
****************
@@ -2316,8 +2057,8 @@ The `\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats
`\enlargethispage*{size}'
Enlarge the `\textheight' for the current page by the specified
-amount; e.g. `\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}' will allow one
-additional line.
+amount; e.g. `\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}' will allow one additional
+line.
The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page
as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
@@ -2336,17 +2077,16 @@ Synopses:
vertical space on the page is stretched out where possible so that it
extends to the normal bottom margin.
- With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the
-`\pagebreak' command from a demand to a request. The number must be a
-number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the
-request is.
+ With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the `\pagebreak'
+command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0
+to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.
11 Footnotes
************
-Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced
-with one command, the `\footnote' command. They can also be produced
-with two commands, the `\footnotemark' and the `\footnotetext' commands.
+Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with
+one command, the `\footnote' command. They can also be produced with
+two commands, the `\footnotemark' and the `\footnotetext' commands.
11.1 `\footnote'
================
@@ -2360,8 +2100,8 @@ bottom of the current page. The optional argument NUMBER changes the
default footnote number.
This command can only be used in outer paragraph mode; i.e., you
-cannot use it in sectioning commands like `\chapter', in figures,
-tables or in a `tabular' environment. (See following sections.)
+cannot use it in sectioning commands like `\chapter', in figures, tables
+or in a `tabular' environment. (See following sections.)
11.2 `\footnotemark'
====================
@@ -2421,7 +2161,6 @@ redefine `\@fnsymbol'.
between footnotes. This is `6.65pt' for `10pt', `7.7pt' for
`11pt', and `8.4pt' for `12pt'.
-
12 Definitions
**************
@@ -2445,8 +2184,8 @@ CMD
NARGS
An optional integer from 1 to 9 specifying the number of arguments
- that the command will take. The default is for the command to
- have no arguments.
+ that the command will take. The default is for the command to have
+ no arguments.
DEFAULT
If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command's
@@ -2459,7 +2198,6 @@ DEFN
construct of the form `#N' in DEFN is replaced by the text of the
Nth argument.
-
12.2 `\newcounter'
==================
@@ -2482,10 +2220,9 @@ Synopsis:
\newlength{\ARG}
- The `\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a
-`length' command with a value of `0in'. The argument must be a control
-sequence, as in `\newlength{\foo}'. An error occurs if `\foo' is
-already defined.
+ The `\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a `length'
+command with a value of `0in'. The argument must be a control sequence,
+as in `\newlength{\foo}'. An error occurs if `\foo' is already defined.
*Note Lengths::, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value,
and for more information about lengths in general.
@@ -2527,15 +2264,14 @@ DEFAULT
gives the default value for that argument.
BEGDEF
- The text expanded at every occurrence of `\begin{ENV}'; a
- construct of the form `#N' in BEGDEF is replaced by the text of
- the Nth argument.
+ The text expanded at every occurrence of `\begin{ENV}'; a construct
+ of the form `#N' in BEGDEF is replaced by the text of the Nth
+ argument.
ENDDEF
The text expanded at every occurrence of `\end{ENV}'. It may not
contain any argument parameters.
-
12.6 `\newtheorem'
==================
@@ -2562,7 +2298,6 @@ WITHIN
unit. The new theorem counter will be reset at the same time as
the WITHIN counter.
-
At most one of NUMBERED_LIKE and WITHIN can be specified, not both.
12.7 `\newfont'
@@ -2572,9 +2307,9 @@ Synopsis:
\newfont{CMD}{FONTNAME}
- Defines a control sequence `\CMD', which must not already be
-defined, to make FONTNAME be the current font. The file looked for on
-the system is named `FONTNAME.tfm'.
+ Defines a control sequence `\CMD', which must not already be defined,
+to make FONTNAME be the current font. The file looked for on the system
+is named `FONTNAME.tfm'.
This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font.
More commonly, fonts are defined in families through `.fd' files.
@@ -2584,32 +2319,30 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through `.fd' files.
Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
many more are so-called "fragile" commands. When a fragile command is
-used in certain contexts, called "moving arguments", it must be
-preceded by `\protect'. In addition, any fragile commands within the
-arguments must have their own `\protect'.
+used in certain contexts, called "moving arguments", it must be preceded
+by `\protect'. In addition, any fragile commands within the arguments
+must have their own `\protect'.
Some examples of moving arguments are `\caption' (*note figure::),
-`\thanks' (*note \maketitle::), and expressions in `tabular' and
-`array' environments (*note tabular::).
+`\thanks' (*note \maketitle::), and expressions in `tabular' and `array'
+environments (*note tabular::).
- Commands which are not fragile are called "robust". They must not
-be preceded by `\protect'.
+ Commands which are not fragile are called "robust". They must not be
+preceded by `\protect'.
See also:
`http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html'
`http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect'
-
13 Counters
***********
Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The
name of the counter is the same as the name of the environment or
-command that produces the number, except with no `\'.
-(`enumi'-`enumiv' are used for the nested enumerate environment.)
-Below is a list of the counters used in LaTeX's standard document
-classes to control numbering.
+command that produces the number, except with no `\'. (`enumi'-`enumiv'
+are used for the nested enumerate environment.) Below is a list of the
+counters used in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.
part paragraph figure enumi
chapter subparagraph table enumii
@@ -2640,15 +2373,15 @@ instance, `\alph{enumi}'.
`\fnsymbol'
prints the value of COUNTER in a specific sequence of nine symbols
- (conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of
- COUNTER must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
+ (conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of COUNTER
+ must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
The symbols mostly aren't supported in Info, but here are the
names:
+
asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
-
13.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}'
===========================
@@ -2694,22 +2427,22 @@ by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.
===============================
The `\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as `\stepcounter'
-*Note \stepcounter::, except it also defines the current `\ref' value
-to be the result of `\thecounter'.
+*Note \stepcounter::, except it also defines the current `\ref' value to
+be the result of `\thecounter'.
13.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
============================
-The `\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all
-subsidiary counters.
+The `\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all subsidiary
+counters.
13.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters
=============================================
-LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month (`\day', 1-31), month
-of the year (`\month', 1-12), and year (`\year', Common Era). When TeX
-starts up, they are set to the current values on the system where TeX
-is running. They are not updated as the job progresses.
+LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month (`\day', 1-31), month of
+the year (`\month', 1-12), and year (`\year', Common Era). When TeX
+starts up, they are set to the current values on the system where TeX is
+running. They are not updated as the job progresses.
The related command `\today' produces a string representing the
current day (*note \today::).
@@ -2723,9 +2456,9 @@ as an argument.
14.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
==============================
-The `\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which
-can be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches
-(`in'), millimeters (`mm'), points (`pt'), big points (`bp', etc.
+The `\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can
+be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches (`in'),
+millimeters (`mm'), points (`pt'), big points (`bp', etc.
14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
===============================
@@ -2746,8 +2479,8 @@ to the depth of the `text' argument.
`\settoheight{\gnat}{text}'
- The `\settoheight' command sets the value of a `length' command
-equal to the height of the `text' argument.
+ The `\settoheight' command sets the value of a `length' command equal
+to the height of the `text' argument.
14.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
==============================
@@ -2758,19 +2491,18 @@ width of the TEXT argument.
14.6 Predefined lengths
=======================
-`\width'
+`\width'
- `\height'
+ `\height'
- `\depth'
+ `\depth'
- `\totalheight'
+ `\totalheight'
These length parameters can be used in the arguments of the
-box-making commands (*note Boxes::). They specify the natural width
-etc. of the text in the box. `\totalheight' equals `\height' +
-`\depth'. To make a box with the text stretched to double the natural
-size, e.g., say
+box-making commands (*note Boxes::). They specify the natural width etc.
+of the text in the box. `\totalheight' equals `\height' + `\depth'. To
+make a box with the text stretched to double the natural size, e.g., say
`\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}'
@@ -2803,8 +2535,8 @@ paragraph.
15.3 `\parskip'
===============
-`\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added
-before each paragraph. The default is `0pt plus1pt'.
+`\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before
+each paragraph. The default is `0pt plus1pt'.
15.4 Marginal notes
===================
@@ -2843,15 +2575,17 @@ hyphenation there by beginning the node with `\hspace{0pt}'.
documents, `5pt' else.
`\marginparsep'
- Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default
- `11pt' for `10pt' documents, `10pt' else.
+ Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default `11pt'
+ for `10pt' documents, `10pt' else.
`\marginparwidth'
Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided `10pt' document
- is `90pt', `83pt' for `11pt', and `68pt' for `12pt'; `17pt' more
- in each case for a two-sided document. In two column mode, the
+ is `90pt', `83pt' for `11pt', and `68pt' for `12pt'; `17pt' more in
+ each case for a two-sided document. In two column mode, the
default is `48pt'.
+ The standard LaTeX routine for marginal notes does not prevent notes
+from falling off the bottom of the page.
16 Math formulas
****************
@@ -2868,8 +2602,8 @@ There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode:
The same as the displaymath environment except that it adds an
equation number in the right margin.
- The `math' environment can be used in both paragraph and LR mode,
-but the `displaymath' and `equation' environments can be used only in
+ The `math' environment can be used in both paragraph and LR mode, but
+the `displaymath' and `equation' environments can be used only in
paragraph mode. The `math' and `displaymath' environments are used so
often that they have the following short forms:
@@ -2883,8 +2617,8 @@ shorter form:
The `\boldmath' command changes math letters and symbols to be in a
bold font. It is used _outside_ of math mode. Conversely, the
-`\unboldmath' command changes math glyphs to be in a normal font; it
-too is used _outside_ of math mode.
+`\unboldmath' command changes math glyphs to be in a normal font; it too
+is used _outside_ of math mode.
The `\displaystyle' declaration forces the size and style of the
formula to be that of `displaymath', e.g., with limits above and below
@@ -2895,16 +2629,16 @@ summations. For example
==============================
To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type
-`_{'exp`}'. To get exp to appear as a superscript, you type
-`^{'exp`}'. LaTeX handles superscripted superscripts and all of that
-stuff in the natural way. It even does the right thing when something
-has both a subscript and a superscript.
+`_{'exp`}'. To get exp to appear as a superscript, you type `^{'exp`}'.
+LaTeX handles superscripted superscripts and all of that stuff in the
+natural way. It even does the right thing when something has both a
+subscript and a superscript.
16.2 Math symbols
=================
-LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need.
-The commands for generating them can be used only in math mode. For
+LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need. The
+commands for generating them can be used only in math mode. For
example, if you include `$\pi$' in your source, you will get the pi
symbol (\pi) in your output.
@@ -3536,7 +3270,6 @@ symbol (\pi) in your output.
`\zeta'
\zeta
-
16.3 Math functions
===================
@@ -3645,7 +3378,6 @@ spacing.
`\tanh'
\tanh
-
16.4 Math accents
=================
@@ -3654,28 +3386,28 @@ math. These are different from accents in normal text (*note
Accents::).
`\acute'
- Math acute accent: \acutex.
+ Math acute accent: \acute{x}.
`\bar'
- Math bar-over accent: \barx.
+ Math bar-over accent: \bar{x}.
`\breve'
- Math breve accent: \brevex.
+ Math breve accent: \breve{x}.
`\check'
- Math ha'c<ek (check) accent: \checkx.
+ Math ha'c<ek (check) accent: \check{x}.
`\ddot'
- Math dieresis accent: \ddotx.
+ Math dieresis accent: \ddot{x}.
`\dot'
- Math dot accent: \dotx.
+ Math dot accent: \dot{x}.
`\grave'
- Math grave accent: \gravex.
+ Math grave accent: \grave{x}.
`\hat'
- Math hat (circumflex) accent: \hatx.
+ Math hat (circumflex) accent: \hat{x}.
`\imath'
Math dotless i.
@@ -3684,25 +3416,24 @@ Accents::).
Math dotless j.
`\tilde'
- Math tilde accent: \tildex.
+ Math tilde accent: \tilde{x}.
`\vec'
- Math vector symbol: \vecx.
+ Math vector symbol: \vec{x}.
`\widehat'
- Math wide hat accent: \widehatx+y.
+ Math wide hat accent: \widehat{x+y}.
`\widehat'
- Math wide tilde accent: \widetildex+y.
-
+ Math wide tilde accent: \widetilde{x+y}.
16.5 Spacing in math mode
=========================
In a `math' environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in
-the spacing according to the normal rules for mathematics texts. If
-you want different spacing, LaTeX provides the following commands for
-use in math mode:
+the spacing according to the normal rules for mathematics texts. If you
+want different spacing, LaTeX provides the following commands for use in
+math mode:
`\;'
A thick space (5\over18\,quad).
@@ -3715,7 +3446,7 @@ use in math mode:
A thin space (1\over6\,quad); not restricted to math mode.
`\!'
- A negative thin space (-1\over6\,quad).
+ A negative thin space (-{1\over6}\,quad).
16.6 Math miscellany
====================
@@ -3740,11 +3471,11 @@ use in math mode:
math in between. Example: `\left( \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]'.
`\overbrace{TEXT}'
- Generates a brace over TEXT. For example, \overbracex+\cdots+x^k
- \rm\;times.
+ Generates a brace over TEXT. For example,
+ \overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}.
`\overline{TEXT}'
- Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For exampe, \overlinex+y.
+ Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For exampe, \overline{x+y}.
`\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}'
Produces the representation of the square root of ARG. The
@@ -3767,7 +3498,6 @@ use in math mode:
`\vdots'
Produces a vertical ellipsis.
-
17 Modes
********
@@ -3801,8 +3531,8 @@ command. You can get it to enter a different mode inside the box - for
example, you can make it enter math mode to put a formula in the box.
There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
making a box that put LaTeX in paragraph mode. The box make by one of
-these commands or environments will be called a `parbox'. When LaTeX
-is in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner
+these commands or environments will be called a `parbox'. When LaTeX is
+in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner
paragraph mode". Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is
called "outer paragraph mode".
@@ -3823,8 +3553,8 @@ obtained from the following declarations:
`\author{NAME \and NAME2}'
The `\author' command declares the document author(s), where the
argument is a list of authors separated by `\and' commands. Use
- `\\' to separate lines within a single author's entry--for
- example, to give the author's institution or address.
+ `\\' to separate lines within a single author's entry--for example,
+ to give the author's institution or address.
`\date{TEXT}'
The `\date' command declares TEXT to be the document's date. With
@@ -3835,9 +3565,8 @@ obtained from the following declarations:
used for credit acknowledgements.
`\title{TEXT}'
- The `\title' command declares TEXT to be the title of the
- document. Use `\\' to force a line break, as usual.
-
+ The `\title' command declares TEXT to be the title of the document.
+ Use `\\' to force a line break, as usual.
18.2 `\pagenumbering'
=====================
@@ -3887,7 +3616,6 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:
Custom headers, specified via the `\markboth' or the `\markright'
commands.
-
Here are the descriptions of `\markboth' and `\markright':
`\markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}'
@@ -3900,7 +3628,6 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:
`\markright{RIGHT}'
Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged.
-
18.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
============================
@@ -3924,11 +3651,10 @@ Synopsis:
\hspace[*]{LENGTH}
- The `\hspace' command adds horizontal space. The LENGTH argument
-can be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands: points, inches,
-etc. It is a rubber length. You can add both negative and positive
-space with an `\hspace' command; adding negative space is like
-backspacing.
+ The `\hspace' command adds horizontal space. The LENGTH argument can
+be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands: points, inches, etc.
+It is a rubber length. You can add both negative and positive space
+with an `\hspace' command; adding negative space is like backspacing.
LaTeX normally removes horizontal space that comes at the beginning
or end of a line. To preserve this space, use the optional `*' form.
@@ -3946,10 +3672,10 @@ glue value `0pt plus1fill'); thus, `\hspace\fill' is equivalent to
19.3 `\SPACE'
=============
-The `\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's
-useful after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example
-`Knuth's article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental'. It is
-also often used after control sequences, as in `\TeX\ is a nice system.'
+The `\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's useful
+after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example `Knuth's
+article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental'. It is also often
+used after control sequences, as in `\TeX\ is a nice system.'
In normal circumstances, `\'<tab> and `\'<newline> are equivalent to
`\ '.
@@ -3966,20 +3692,19 @@ capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without `\@':
produces
- ... in C. Pascal, though ... ... in C. Pascal, though ...
+ ... in C. Pascal, though ... ... in C. Pascal, though ...
19.5 `\thinspace'
=================
-`\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is
-1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in
-'".
+`\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6
+of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '".
19.6 `\/'
=========
-The `\/' command produces an "italic correction". This is a small
-space defined by the font designer for a given character, to avoid the
+The `\/' command produces an "italic correction". This is a small space
+defined by the font designer for a given character, to avoid the
character colliding with whatever follows. The italic f character
typically has a large italic correction value.
@@ -4034,7 +3759,6 @@ These commands produce a given amount of space.
The same as `\vspace{smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
-
The `\...amount' parameters are determined by the document class.
19.11 `\vfill'
@@ -4084,10 +3808,11 @@ they put a frame around the outside of the box being created.
In addition, the `\framebox' command allows for explicit
specification of the box width with the optional WIDTH argument (a
-dimension), and positioning with the optional POSITION argument. Both
-commands produce a rule of thickness `\fboxrule' (default `.4pt'), and
-leave a space of `\fboxsep' (default `3pt') between the rule and the
-contents of the box.
+dimension), and positioning with the optional POSITION argument.
+
+ Both commands produce a rule of thickness `\fboxrule' (default
+`.4pt'), and leave a space of `\fboxsep' (default `3pt') between the
+rule and the contents of the box.
*Note \framebox (picture)::, for the `\framebox' command in the
`picture' environment.
@@ -4099,8 +3824,8 @@ contents of the box.
This is the environment form of `\sbox'.
- The text inside the environment is saved in the box `cmd', which
-must have been declared with `\newsavebox'.
+ The text inside the environment is saved in the box `cmd', which must
+have been declared with `\newsavebox'.
20.4 `\makebox'
===============
@@ -4110,9 +3835,9 @@ Synopsis:
\makebox[WIDTH][POSITION]{TEXT}
The `\makebox' command creates a box just wide enough to contain the
-TEXT specified. The width of the box is specified by the optional
-WIDTH argument. The position of the text within the box is determined
-by the optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:
+TEXT specified. The width of the box is specified by the optional WIDTH
+argument. The position of the text within the box is determined by the
+optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:
`c'
Centered (default).
@@ -4127,8 +3852,8 @@ by the optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:
Stretch (justify) across entire WIDTH; TEXT must contain
stretchable space for this to work.
- `\makebox' is also used within the picture environment *note
-\makebox (picture)::.
+ `\makebox' is also used within the picture environment *note \makebox
+(picture)::.
20.5 `\parbox'
==============
@@ -4138,8 +3863,8 @@ Synopsis:
\parbox[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT}
The `\parbox' command produces a box whose contents are created in
-`paragraph' mode. It should be used to make a box small pieces of
-text, with nothing fancy inside. In particular, you shouldn't use any
+`paragraph' mode. It should be used to make a box small pieces of text,
+with nothing fancy inside. In particular, you shouldn't use any
paragraph-making environments inside a `\parbox' argument. For larger
pieces of text, including ones containing a paragraph-making
environment, you should use a `minipage' environment (*note minipage::).
@@ -4198,8 +3923,8 @@ Synopsis:
\savebox{\BOXCMD}[WIDTH][POS]{TEXT}
This command typeset TEXT in a box just as with `\makebox' (*note
-\makebox::), except that instead of printing the resulting box, it
-saves it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with
+\makebox::), except that instead of printing the resulting box, it saves
+it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with
`\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).
20.8 `\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
@@ -4221,8 +3946,8 @@ Synopsis:
\usebox{\BOXCMD}
- `\usebox' producesthe box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by
-a `\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).
+ `\usebox' producesthe box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by a
+`\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).
21 Special insertions
*********************
@@ -4238,10 +3963,10 @@ The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called
# $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
- Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, LaTeX
-will do something special. If you simply want the character to be
-printed as itself, include a `\' in front of the character. For
-example, `\$' will produce `$' in your output.
+ Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, LaTeX will
+do something special. If you simply want the character to be printed as
+itself, include a `\' in front of the character. For example, `\$' will
+produce `$' in your output.
One exception to this rule is `\' itself, because `\\' has its own
special (context-dependent) meaning. A roman \ is produced by typing
@@ -4249,13 +3974,13 @@ special (context-dependent) meaning. A roman \ is produced by typing
`\' in a verbatim command (*note verbatim::).
Also, `\~' and `\^' place tilde and circumflex accents over the
-following letter, as in o~ and o^ (*note Accents::); to get a
-standalone `~' or `^', you can again use a verbatim command.
+following letter, as in o~ and o^ (*note Accents::); to get a standalone
+`~' or `^', you can again use a verbatim command.
Finally, you can access any character of the current font once you
-know its number by using the `\symbol' command. For example, the
-visible space character used in the `\verb*' command has the code
-decimal 32, so it can be typed as `\symbol{32}'.
+know its number by using the `\symbol' command. For example, the visible
+space character used in the `\verb*' command has the code decimal 32, so
+it can be typed as `\symbol{32}'.
You can also specify octal numbers with `'' or hexadecimal numbers
with `"', so the previous example could also be written as
@@ -4305,9 +4030,9 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package.
`\textsterling'
English pounds sterling: #.
-`\quotedblbase (")'
+`\quotedblbase (,,)'
`\quotesinglbase (,)'
- Double and single quotation marks on the baseline: " and ,.
+ Double and single quotation marks on the baseline: ,, and ,.
`\rq'
Right (closing) quote: '.
@@ -4374,7 +4099,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package.
En-dash: -- (for ranges).
`\texteuro'
- The Euro symbol: Euro .
+ The Euro symbol: Euro.
`\textexclamdown (or `!`')'
Upside down exclamation point: !.
@@ -4427,7 +4152,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package.
"Three-quarters" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
`\texttrademark'
- Trademark symbol: ^\hboxTM.
+ Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}.
`\texttwelveudash'
Xx 12u-.
@@ -4438,7 +4163,6 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package.
`\textvisiblespace'
Visible space symbol.
-
21.3 Accents
============
@@ -4505,7 +4229,7 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.
`\k'
`\capitalogonek'
- Produces a letter with ogonek, as in `o'. Not available in the
+ Produces a letter with ogonek, as in `o;'. Not available in the
OT1 encoding.
`\r'
@@ -4533,12 +4257,11 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.
`\capitalcaron'
Produces a ha'c<ek (check, caron) accent, as in `o<'.
-
21.4 Non-English characters
===========================
-Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly
-used in languages other than English.
+Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used
+in languages other than English.
`\aa'
`\AA'
@@ -4550,7 +4273,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
`\dh'
`\DH'
- Icelandic letter eth: and .
+ Icelandic letter eth: d and D.
`\dj'
`\DJ'
@@ -4582,8 +4305,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
`\th'
`\TH'
- Icelandic letter thorn: and .
-
+ Icelandic letter thorn: th and TH.
21.5 `\rule'
============
@@ -4687,8 +4409,8 @@ automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table
of contents, write a `\newpage' command after the `\tableofcontents'
command.
- The analogous commands `\listoffigures' and `\listoftables' produce
-a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works
+ The analogous commands `\listoffigures' and `\listoftables' produce a
+list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works
exactly the same as for the table of contents.
The command `\nofiles' overrides these commands, and _prevents_ any
@@ -4709,14 +4431,14 @@ UNIT
The name of the sectional unit being added, typically one of the
following, matching the value of the EXT argument:
- `toc'
+ `toc'
The name of the sectional unit: `part', `chapter', `section',
`subsection', `subsubsection'.
- `lof'
+ `lof'
For the list of figures.
- `lot'
+ `lot'
For the list of tables.
ENTRY
@@ -4769,24 +4491,23 @@ auxiliary file with the `.idx' extension.
value.
To generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a
-vertical bar: `\index{bar|see{foo}}'. Use `seealso' instead of `see'
-to make a `See also' entry.
+vertical bar: `\index{bar|see{foo}}'. Use `seealso' instead of `see' to
+make a `See also' entry.
The text `See' is defined by the macro `\seename', and `See also' by
the macro `\alsoname'. These can be redefined for other languages.
The generated `.idx' file is then sorted with an external command,
-usually either `makeindex'
-(`http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex') or (the multi-lingual)
-`xindy' (`http://xindy.sourceforge.net'). This results in a `.ind'
-file, which can then be read to typeset the index.
+usually either `makeindex' (`http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex')
+or (the multi-lingual) `xindy' (`http://xindy.sourceforge.net'). This
+results in a `.ind' file, which can then be read to typeset the index.
The index is usually generated with the `\printindex' command. This
is defined in the `makeidx' package, so `\usepackage{makeidx}' needs to
be in the preamble.
- The rubber length `\indexspace' is inserted before each new letter
-in the printed index; its default value is `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'.
+ The rubber length `\indexspace' is inserted before each new letter in
+the printed index; its default value is `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'.
The `showidx' package causes each index entries to be shown in the
margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in preparing
@@ -4800,8 +4521,8 @@ FAQ entry on this topic,
**********
You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business. The
-`letter' document class is designed to make a number of letters at
-once, although you can make just one if you so desire.
+`letter' document class is designed to make a number of letters at once,
+although you can make just one if you so desire.
Your `.tex' source file has the same minimum commands as the other
document classes, i.e., you must have the following commands as a
@@ -4812,8 +4533,8 @@ minimum:
... letters ...
\end{document}
- Each letter is a `letter' environment, whose argument is the name
-and address of the recipient. For example, you might have:
+ Each letter is a `letter' environment, whose argument is the name and
+address of the recipient. For example, you might have:
\begin{letter}{Mr. Joe Smith\\ 2345 Princess St.
\\ Edinburgh, EH1 1AA}
@@ -4839,8 +4560,8 @@ The `\address' specifies the return address of a letter, as it should
appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the address
should be separated by `\\' commands.
- If you do not make an `\address' declaration, then the letter will
-be formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard letterhead.
+ If you do not make an `\address' declaration, then the letter will be
+formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard letterhead.
(*Note Overview::, for details on your local implementation). If you
give an `\address' declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a
personal letter.
@@ -4905,9 +4626,8 @@ Synopsis:
\opening{TEXT}
- A letter begins with the `\opening' command. The mandatory
-argument, TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For
-instance:
+ A letter begins with the `\opening' command. The mandatory argument,
+TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For instance:
\opening{Dear Joe,}
@@ -4957,10 +4677,10 @@ Synopsis:
`\typein' prints MSG on the terminal and causes LaTeX to stop and
wait for you to type a line of input, ending with return. If the
-optional \CMD argument is omitted, the typed input is processed as if
-it had been included in the input file in place of the `\typein'
-command. If the \CMD argument is present, it must be a command name.
-This command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.
+optional \CMD argument is omitted, the typed input is processed as if it
+had been included in the input file in place of the `\typein' command.
+If the \CMD argument is present, it must be a command name. This
+command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.
25.2 `\typeout{MSG}'
====================
@@ -5053,8 +4773,7 @@ A.3 `tugboat' template
`TUGboat' is the journal of the TeX Users Group,
`http://tug.org/TUGboat'.
-\documentclass{ltugboat} % ltugproc for proceedings
-
+\documentclass{ltugboat}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
@@ -5064,9 +4783,7 @@ A.3 `tugboat' template
\usepackage{url}
\fi
-\begin{document}
-
-\title{Example \TUB\ Regular Article}
+\title{Example \TUB\ Article}
% repeat info for each author.
\author{First Last}
@@ -5076,7 +4793,8 @@ A.3 `tugboat' template
\maketitle
-% The abstract comes after \maketitle in ltugboat.
+\begin{document}
+
\begin{abstract}
This is an example article for a regular \TUB{} issue.
\end{abstract}
@@ -5086,26 +4804,26 @@ This is an example article for a regular \TUB{} issue.
This is an example article for \TUB, from
\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
-We recommend the graphicx package for image inclusions, and the hyperref
-package for active url's (in the \acro{PDF} output). \TUB\ is produced
-using \acro{PDF} files exclusively, nowadays.
+We recommend the graphicx package for image inclusions, and the
+hyperref package for active url's (in the \acro{PDF} output).
+Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
The \texttt{ltug*} classes provide these abbreviations, among many others:
{\small
\begin{verbatim}
\AllTeX \AMS \AmS \AmSLaTeX \AmSTeX \aw \AW
-\BibTeX \CandT \CTAN \DTD \DVItoVDU \HTML
-\ISBN \ISSN \JTeX \JoT \LAMSTeX \LaTeXe
-\Mc \mf \MFB \mtex \pcMF \PCTeX \pcTeX \Pas
+\BibTeX \CTAN \DTD \HTML
+\ISBN \ISSN \JTeX \LaTeXe
+\Mc \mf \MFB \mtex \PCTeX \pcTeX \Pas
\PiC \PiCTeX \plain \POBox \PS
-\SC \SGML \SliTeX \TANGLE \TB \TP \TUB \TUG
-\tug \UG \UNIX \VAX \VorTeX \XeT \WEB \WEAVE
+\SC \SGML \SliTeX \TANGLE \TB \TP \TUB \TUG \tug
+\UG \UNIX \VAX \XeT \WEB \WEAVE
\Dash \dash \vellipsis \bull \cents \Dag
\careof \thinskip
-\acro{FRED} -> {\sc fred} % please use!
+\acro{FRED} -> {\small fred} % please use!
\cs{fred} -> \fred
\env{fred} -> \begin{fred}
\meta{fred} -> <fred>
@@ -5125,1267 +4843,12 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
\nocite{book-minimal} % just making the bibliography non-empty
\bibliography{xampl} % xampl.bib comes with BibTeX
-
-\makesignature % not in ltugproc
+\makesignature
\end{document}
Concept Index
*************
-* prompt: See 26. (line 4993)
-*-form of sectioning commands: See 6. (line 794)
-.glo file: See 23.2. (line 4748)
-.idx file: See 23.3. (line 4764)
-.ind file: See 23.3. (line 4778)
-`see' and `see also' index entries: See 23.3. (line 4771)
-abstracts: See 8.1. (line 895)
-accents: See 21.3. (line 4445)
-accents, mathematical: See 16.4. (line 3652)
-accessing any character of a font: See 21.1. (line 4255)
-acute accent: See 21.3. (line 4459)
-acute accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3657)
-ae ligature: See 21.4. (line 4549)
-aligning Equations: See 8.8. (line 1080)
-alignment via tabbing: See 8.21. (line 1718)
-appendix, creating: See 6. (line 800)
-aring: See 21.4. (line 4545)
-arrays, math: See 8.2. (line 906)
-arrow, left, in text: See 21.2. (line 4389)
-arrow, right, in text: See 21.2. (line 4424)
-ascender height: See 21.2. (line 4357)
-ASCII circumflex, in text: See 21.2. (line 4322)
-ASCII tilde, in text: See 21.2. (line 4325)
-asterisk, centered, in text: See 21.2. (line 4328)
-author, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3824)
-backslash, in text: See 21.2. (line 4331)
-bar, double vertical, in text: See 21.2. (line 4337)
-bar, vertical, in text: See 21.2. (line 4334)
-bar-over accent: See 21.3. (line 4468)
-bar-over accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3660)
-bar-under accent: See 21.3. (line 4485)
-bibliography, creating (automatically): See 8.24.4. (line 2063)
-bibliography, creating (manually): See 8.24. (line 1998)
-bibTeX, using: See 8.24.4. (line 2063)
-big circle symbols, in text: See 21.2. (line 4340)
-black boxes, omitting: See 3.1. (line 357)
-bold font: See 4.1. (line 502)
-bold typewriter, avoiding: See 8.4. (line 1002)
-boxes: See 20. (line 4064)
-brace, left, in text: See 21.2. (line 4343)
-brace, right, in text: See 21.2. (line 4346)
-breaking lines: See 9. (line 2186)
-breaking pages: See 10. (line 2287)
-breve accent: See 21.3. (line 4524)
-breve accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3663)
-bullet symbol: See 16.2. (line 2987)
-bullet, in text: See 21.2. (line 4349)
-bulleted lists: See 8.13. (line 1253)
-calligraphic letters for math: See 4.1. (line 505)
-cap height: See 21.2. (line 4357)
-caron accent: See 21.3. (line 4534)
-cc list, in letters: See 24.2. (line 4851)
-cedilla accent: See 21.3. (line 4489)
-centered asterisk, in text: See 21.2. (line 4328)
-centered period, in text: See 21.2. (line 4399)
-centering text, declaration for: See 8.3.1. (line 967)
-centering text, environment for: See 8.3. (line 953)
-characters, accented: See 21.3. (line 4445)
-characters, non-English: See 21.4. (line 4540)
-characters, reserved: See 21.1. (line 4236)
-check accent: See 21.3. (line 4534)
-check accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3666)
-circle symbol, big, in text: See 21.2. (line 4340)
-circled letter, in text: See 21.2. (line 4352)
-circumflex accent: See 21.3. (line 4472)
-circumflex accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3678)
-circumflex, ASCII, in text: See 21.2. (line 4322)
-class options: See 3.1. (line 336)
-classes of documents: See 3. (line 319)
-closing letters: See 24.3. (line 4861)
-closing quote: See 21.2. (line 4313)
-code, typesetting: See 8.27. (line 2133)
-command line: See 26. (line 4984)
-commands, defining new ones: See 12.1. (line 2433)
-composite word mark, in text: See 21.2. (line 4357)
-computer programs, typesetting: See 8.27. (line 2133)
-copyright symbol: See 21.2. (line 4273)
-counters, a list of: See 13. (line 2607)
-counters, defining new: See 12.2. (line 2466)
-counters, getting value of: See 13.3. (line 2666)
-counters, setting: See 13.4. (line 2680)
-creating letters: See 24. (line 4802)
-creating pictures: See 8.18. (line 1427)
-creating tables: See 8.22. (line 1810)
-credit footnote: See 18.1. (line 3834)
-cross references: See 7. (line 821)
-cross referencing with page number: See 7.2. (line 863)
-cross referencing, symbolic: See 7.3. (line 873)
-currency, dollar: See 21.2. (line 4368)
-currency, euro: See 21.2. (line 4377)
-dagger, double, in text: See 21.2. (line 4365)
-dagger, in text: See 21.2. (line 4276)
-date, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3830)
-datetime package: See 21.6. (line 4615)
-defining a new command: See 12.1. (line 2433)
-defining new environments: See 12.5. (line 2506)
-defining new fonts: See 12.7. (line 2571)
-defining new theorems: See 12.6. (line 2542)
-definitions: See 12. (line 2428)
-description lists, creating: See 8.4. (line 990)
-dieresis accent: See 21.3. (line 4455)
-discretionary multiplication: See 16.6. (line 3724)
-displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation:See 8.19. (line 1688)
-displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation:See 8.20.
- (line 1703)
-document class options: See 3.1. (line 336)
-document classes: See 3. (line 319)
-document templates: See Appendix A.
- (line 5000)
-dollar sign: See 21.2. (line 4368)
-dot accent: See 21.3. (line 4464)
-dot over accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3672)
-dot-over accent: See 21.3. (line 4464)
-dot-under accent: See 21.3. (line 4493)
-dotless i: See 21.3. (line 4501)
-dotless i, math: See 16.4. (line 3681)
-dotless j: See 21.3. (line 4504)
-dotless j, math: See 16.4. (line 3684)
-double angle quotation marks: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-double dagger, in text: See 21.2. (line 4279)
-double dot accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3669)
-double guillemets: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-double left quote: See 21.2. (line 4405)
-double low-9 quotation mark: See 21.2. (line 4310)
-double quote, straight base: See 21.2. (line 4418)
-double right quote: See 21.2. (line 4408)
-double spacing: See 4.3. (line 615)
-double vertical bar, in text: See 21.2. (line 4337)
-e-dash: See 21.2. (line 4374)
-ellipsis: See 21.2. (line 4294)
-em-dash: See 21.2. (line 4371)
-em-dash, three-quarters: See 21.2. (line 4427)
-emphasis: See 4.1. (line 444)
-enclosure list: See 24.4. (line 4871)
-ending & starting: See 2. (line 301)
-enlarge current page: See 10.4. (line 2314)
-environments: See 8. (line 885)
-environments, defining: See 12.5. (line 2506)
-equation number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 873)
-equation numbers, omitting: See 8.8. (line 1094)
-equations, aligning: See 8.8. (line 1080)
-equations, environment for: See 8.9. (line 1106)
-es-zet German letter: See 21.4. (line 4581)
-eth, Icelandic letter: See 21.4. (line 4553)
-euro symbol: See 21.2. (line 4377)
-exclamation point, upside-down: See 21.2. (line 4380)
-exponent: See 16.1. (line 2897)
-feminine ordinal symbol: See 21.2. (line 4393)
-figure number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 873)
-figures, footnotes in: See 8.17. (line 1414)
-figures, inserting: See 8.10. (line 1119)
-fixed-width font: See 4.1. (line 526)
-float package: See 8.10. (line 1147)
-flushing floats and starting a page: See 10.2. (line 2302)
-font commands, low-level: See 4.3. (line 558)
-font sizes: See 4.2. (line 532)
-font styles: See 4.1. (line 424)
-fonts: See 4. (line 418)
-fonts, new commands for: See 12.7. (line 2571)
-footer style: See 18.3. (line 3869)
-footer, parameters for: See 5.5. (line 712)
-footnote number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 873)
-footnote parameters: See 11.5. (line 2411)
-footnotes in figures: See 8.17. (line 1414)
-footnotes, creating: See 11. (line 2347)
-footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered: See 11.4. (line 2398)
-formulas, environment for: See 8.9. (line 1106)
-formulas, math: See 16. (line 2859)
-fragile commands: See 12.8. (line 2585)
-French quotation marks: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-functions, math: See 16.3. (line 3543)
-global options: See 3.1. (line 336)
-glossaries: See 23.2. (line 4746)
-grave accent: See 21.3. (line 4476)
-grave accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3675)
-greater than symbol, in text: See 21.2. (line 4383)
-greek letters: See 16.2. (line 2906)
-ha'c<ek accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3666)
-hacek accent: See 21.3. (line 4534)
-hat accent: See 21.3. (line 4472)
-hat accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3678)
-header style: See 18.3. (line 3869)
-header, parameters for: See 5.5. (line 712)
-hungarian umlaut accent: See 21.3. (line 4497)
-hyphenation, defining: See 9.7. (line 2254)
-hyphenation, forcing: See 9.4. (line 2224)
-hyphenation, preventing: See 20.1. (line 4070)
-Icelandic eth: See 21.4. (line 4553)
-Icelandic thorn: See 21.4. (line 4585)
-ij letter, Dutch: See 21.4. (line 4561)
-in-line formulas: See 8.16. (line 1387)
-indent, forcing: See 15.1. (line 2788)
-indent, suppressing: See 15.2. (line 2799)
-indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: See 8.17. (line 1410)
-indexes: See 23.3. (line 4761)
-input file: See 22. (line 4621)
-input/output: See 25. (line 4951)
-inserting figures: See 8.10. (line 1119)
-italic font: See 4.1. (line 511)
-justification, ragged left: See 8.12.1. (line 1240)
-justification, ragged right: See 8.11.1. (line 1214)
-Knuth, Donald E.:
- See ``LaTeX2e''. (line 251)
-labelled lists, creating: See 8.4. (line 990)
-Lamport, Leslie:
- See ``LaTeX2e''. (line 251)
-LaTeX logo: See 21.2. (line 4282)
-LaTeX overview: See 1. (line 261)
-LaTeX Project team:
- See ``LaTeX2e''. (line 251)
-layout commands: See 5. (line 640)
-layout, page parameters for: See 5.5. (line 712)
-left angle quotation marks: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-left arrow, in text: See 21.2. (line 4389)
-left brace, in text: See 21.2. (line 4343)
-left quote: See 21.2. (line 4298)
-left quote, double: See 21.2. (line 4405)
-left quote, single: See 21.2. (line 4411)
-left-justifying text: See 8.11.1. (line 1214)
-left-justifying text, environment for: See 8.11. (line 1201)
-left-to-right mode: See 17. (line 3774)
-lengths, adding to: See 14.2. (line 2733)
-lengths, defining and using: See 14. (line 2720)
-lengths, defining new: See 12.3. (line 2481)
-lengths, predefined: See 14.6. (line 2761)
-lengths, setting: See 14.1. (line 2726)
-less than symbol, in text: See 21.2. (line 4386)
-letters: See 24. (line 4802)
-letters, accented: See 21.3. (line 4445)
-letters, ending: See 24.3. (line 4861)
-letters, non-English: See 21.4. (line 4540)
-letters, starting: See 24.8. (line 4904)
-line break, forcing: See 9.1. (line 2198)
-line breaking: See 9. (line 2186)
-line breaks, forcing: See 9.8. (line 2270)
-line breaks, preventing: See 9.8. (line 2270)
-lines in tables: See 8.23. (line 1837)
-lining text up in columns using tab stops: See 8.21. (line 1718)
-lining text up in tables: See 8.23. (line 1837)
-list items, specifying counter: See 13.2. (line 2655)
-lists of items: See 8.13. (line 1253)
-lists of items, generic: See 8.15. (line 1365)
-lists of items, numbered: See 8.7. (line 1039)
-loading additional packages: See 3.1. (line 404)
-logo, LaTeX: See 21.2. (line 4282)
-logo, TeX: See 21.2. (line 4319)
-low-9 quotation marks, single and double: See 21.2. (line 4310)
-low-level font commands: See 4.3. (line 558)
-lR mode: See 17. (line 3774)
-macron accent: See 21.3. (line 4468)
-macron accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3660)
-makeidx package: See 23.3. (line 4784)
-makeindex program: See 23.3. (line 4778)
-making a title page: See 8.26. (line 2116)
-making paragraphs: See 15. (line 2780)
-marginal notes: See 15.4. (line 2812)
-masculine ordinal symbol: See 21.2. (line 4393)
-math accents: See 16.4. (line 3652)
-math formulas: See 16. (line 2859)
-math functions: See 16.3. (line 3543)
-math miscellany: See 16.6. (line 3723)
-math mode: See 17. (line 3774)
-math mode, entering: See 16. (line 2859)
-math mode, spacing: See 16.5. (line 3702)
-math symbols: See 16.2. (line 2906)
-minipage, creating a: See 8.17. (line 1399)
-modes: See 17. (line 3774)
-monospace font: See 4.1. (line 526)
-moving arguments: See 12.8. (line 2585)
-multicolumn text: See 5.2. (line 651)
-multind package: See 23.3. (line 4795)
-multiplication symbol, discretionary line break:See 16.6. (line 3724)
-nested \include, not allowed: See 22.1. (line 4642)
-new commands, defining: See 12.1. (line 2433)
-new line, output as input: See 9.2. (line 2208)
-new line, starting: See 9.1. (line 2198)
-new line, starting (paragraph mode): See 9.3. (line 2217)
-new page, starting: See 10.3. (line 2308)
-non-English characters: See 21.4. (line 4540)
-notes in the margin: See 15.4. (line 2812)
-null delimiter: See 16.6. (line 3738)
-numbered items, specifying counter: See 13.2. (line 2655)
-oblique font: See 4.1. (line 523)
-oe ligature: See 21.4. (line 4577)
-ogonek: See 21.3. (line 4508)
-one-column output: See 5.1. (line 645)
-opening quote: See 21.2. (line 4298)
-options, document class: See 3.1. (line 336)
-options, global: See 3.1. (line 411)
-ordinals, feminine and masculine: See 21.2. (line 4393)
-oslash: See 21.4. (line 4573)
-overbar accent: See 21.3. (line 4468)
-overdot accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3672)
-overview of LaTeX: See 1. (line 261)
-packages, loading: See 3.1. (line 404)
-page break, forcing: See 10.5. (line 2329)
-page break, preventing: See 10.5. (line 2329)
-page breaking: See 10. (line 2287)
-page layout parameters: See 5.5. (line 712)
-page number, cross referencing: See 7.2. (line 863)
-page numbering style: See 18.2. (line 3845)
-page styles: See 18. (line 3812)
-paragraph indentation, in minipage: See 8.17. (line 1410)
-paragraph indentations in quoted text: See 8.19. (line 1688)
-paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting:See 8.20. (line 1703)
-paragraph mode: See 17. (line 3774)
-paragraph symbol: See 21.2. (line 4302)
-paragraphs: See 15. (line 2780)
-parameters, for footnotes: See 11.5. (line 2411)
-parameters, page layout: See 5.5. (line 712)
-period, centered, in text: See 21.2. (line 4399)
-pictures, creating: See 8.18. (line 1427)
-pilcrow: See 21.2. (line 4302)
-poetry, an environment for: See 8.28. (line 2167)
-polish l: See 21.4. (line 4565)
-postscript, in letters: See 24.9. (line 4917)
-pounds symbol: See 21.2. (line 4306)
-preamble, defined: See 2. (line 312)
-predefined lengths: See 14.6. (line 2761)
-prompt, *: See 26. (line 4993)
-questionation point, upside-down: See 21.2. (line 4402)
-quotation marks, French: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-quote, straight base: See 21.2. (line 4418)
-quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying:See 8.19. (line 1688)
-quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying:See 8.20.
- (line 1703)
-ragged left text: See 8.12.1. (line 1240)
-ragged left text, environment for: See 8.12. (line 1227)
-ragged right text: See 8.11.1. (line 1214)
-ragged right text, environment for: See 8.11. (line 1201)
-redefining environments: See 12.5. (line 2506)
-registered symbol: See 21.2. (line 4421)
-remarks in the margin: See 15.4. (line 2812)
-reserved characters: See 21.1. (line 4236)
-right angle quotation marks: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-right arrow, in text: See 21.2. (line 4424)
-right brace, in text: See 21.2. (line 4346)
-right quote: See 21.2. (line 4313)
-right quote, double: See 21.2. (line 4408)
-right quote, single: See 21.2. (line 4414)
-right-justifying text: See 8.12.1. (line 1240)
-right-justifying text, environment for: See 8.12. (line 1227)
-ring accent: See 21.3. (line 4513)
-robust commands: See 12.8. (line 2595)
-roman font: See 4.1. (line 514)
-running header and footer: See 5.5. (line 712)
-running header and footer style: See 18.3. (line 3869)
-sans serif font: See 4.1. (line 520)
-script letters for math: See 4.1. (line 505)
-section number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 873)
-section numbers, printing: See 6. (line 810)
-section symbol: See 21.2. (line 4316)
-sectioning: See 6. (line 762)
-setspace package: See 4.3. (line 615)
-setting counters: See 13.4. (line 2680)
-sharp S letters: See 21.4. (line 4581)
-showidx package: See 23.3. (line 4791)
-simulating typed text: See 8.27. (line 2133)
-single angle quotation marks: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-single guillemets: See 21.2. (line 4288)
-single left quote: See 21.2. (line 4411)
-single low-9 quotation mark: See 21.2. (line 4310)
-single right quote: See 21.2. (line 4414)
-sizes of text: See 4.2. (line 532)
-slanted font: See 4.1. (line 523)
-small caps font: See 4.1. (line 517)
-space, inserting vertical: See 19.9. (line 4012)
-spaces: See 19. (line 3914)
-spacing within math mode: See 16.5. (line 3702)
-Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: See 21.2. (line 4393)
-special characters: See 21.4. (line 4540)
-splitting the input file: See 22. (line 4621)
-starting & ending: See 2. (line 301)
-starting a new page: See 10.3. (line 2308)
-starting a new page and clearing floats: See 10.2. (line 2302)
-starting on a right-hand page: See 10.1. (line 2294)
-sterling symbol: See 21.2. (line 4306)
-straight double quote, base: See 21.2. (line 4418)
-straight quote, base: See 21.2. (line 4418)
-stretch, omitting vertical: See 5.4. (line 706)
-styles of text: See 4.1. (line 424)
-styles, page: See 18. (line 3812)
-subscript: See 16.1. (line 2897)
-superscript: See 16.1. (line 2897)
-symbols, math: See 16.2. (line 2906)
-tab stops, using: See 8.21. (line 1718)
-table of contents entry, manually adding: See 23.1.1. (line 4700)
-table of contents, creating: See 23.1. (line 4680)
-tables, creating: See 8.22. (line 1810)
-terminal input/output: See 25. (line 4951)
-TeX logo: See 21.2. (line 4319)
-text symbols: See 21.2. (line 4267)
-thanks, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3834)
-theorems, defining: See 12.6. (line 2542)
-theorems, typesetting: See 8.25. (line 2103)
-thorn, Icelandic letter: See 21.4. (line 4585)
-three-quarters em-dash: See 21.2. (line 4427)
-tie-after accent: See 21.3. (line 4519)
-tilde accent: See 21.3. (line 4482)
-tilde accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3687)
-tilde, ASCII, in text: See 21.2. (line 4325)
-title pages, creating: See 8.26. (line 2116)
-title, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3838)
-titles, making: See 18.1. (line 3818)
-trademark symbol: See 21.2. (line 4430)
-two-column output: See 5.2. (line 651)
-typed text, simulating: See 8.27. (line 2133)
-typeface sizes: See 4.2. (line 532)
-typeface styles: See 4.1. (line 424)
-typefaces: See 4. (line 418)
-typewriter font: See 4.1. (line 526)
-typewriter labels in lists: See 8.4. (line 1002)
-umlaut accent: See 21.3. (line 4455)
-underbar: See 21.3. (line 4527)
-underscore, in text: See 21.2. (line 4436)
-unordered lists: See 8.13. (line 1253)
-using BibTeX: See 8.24.4. (line 2063)
-variables, a list of: See 13. (line 2607)
-vector symbol, math: See 16.4. (line 3690)
-verbatim text: See 8.27. (line 2133)
-verbatim text, inline: See 8.27.1. (line 2150)
-vertical bar, double, in text: See 21.2. (line 4337)
-vertical bar, in text: See 21.2. (line 4334)
-vertical space: See 19.9. (line 4012)
-vertical space before paragraphs: See 15.3. (line 2806)
-visible space: See 8.27.1. (line 2161)
-visible space symbol, in text: See 21.2. (line 4439)
-wide hat accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3693)
-wide tile accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3696)
-xindy program: See 23.3. (line 4778)
Command Index
*************
-$: See 16. (line 2879)
-10pt option: See 3.1. (line 344)
-11pt option: See 3.1. (line 344)
-12pt option: See 3.1. (line 344)
-@{...}: See 8.2. (line 931)
-\" (umlaut accent): See 21.3. (line 4455)
-\#: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\$: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\%: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\&: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\' (acute accent): See 21.3. (line 4459)
-\' (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1757)
-\(: See 16. (line 2871)
-\): See 16. (line 2871)
-\*: See 16.6. (line 3723)
-\+: See 8.21. (line 1749)
-\,: See 16.5. (line 3715)
-\-: See 8.21. (line 1753)
-\- (hyphenation): See 9.4. (line 2224)
-\. (dot-over accent): See 21.3. (line 4464)
-\/: See 19.6. (line 3981)
-\:: See 16.5. (line 3712)
-\;: See 16.5. (line 3708)
-\<: See 8.21. (line 1745)
-\= (macron accent): See 21.3. (line 4468)
-\= (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1739)
-\> <1>: See 16.5. (line 3712)
-\>: See 8.21. (line 1743)
-\> (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1742)
-\@: See 19.4. (line 3960)
-\@fnsymbol: See 11.4. (line 2403)
-\[: See 16. (line 2871)
-\\ (for \shortstack objects): See 8.18.13. (line 1672)
-\\ (for array): See 8.2. (line 928)
-\\ (for center): See 8.3. (line 960)
-\\ (for eqnarray): See 8.8. (line 1086)
-\\ (for flushright): See 8.12. (line 1233)
-\\ for \author: See 18.1. (line 3824)
-\\ for \title: See 18.1. (line 3838)
-\\ for flushleft: See 8.11. (line 1207)
-\\ for letters: See 24. (line 4828)
-\\ for tabular: See 8.23. (line 1854)
-\\ for verse: See 8.28. (line 2178)
-\\ force line break: See 9.1. (line 2198)
-\\ tabbing: See 8.21. (line 1736)
-\\* (for eqnarray): See 8.8. (line 1091)
-\]: See 16. (line 2871)
-\^: See 21.1. (line 4251)
-\^ (circumflex accent): See 21.3. (line 4472)
-\_: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\` (grave accent): See 21.3. (line 4476)
-\` (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1763)
-\a (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1772)
-\a' (acute accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1773)
-\a= (macron accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1773)
-\a` (grave accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1773)
-\AA (AA): See 21.4. (line 4545)
-\aa (aa): See 21.4. (line 4545)
-\acute: See 16.4. (line 3656)
-\addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: See 23.1.1. (line 4700)
-\address: See 24.1. (line 4838)
-\addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: See 23.1.2. (line 4731)
-\addtocounter: See 13.5. (line 2690)
-\addtolength: See 14.2. (line 2733)
-\addvspace: See 19.9. (line 4012)
-\AE (AE): See 21.4. (line 4549)
-\ae (ae): See 21.4. (line 4549)
-\aleph: See 16.2. (line 2914)
-\Alph: See 13.1. (line 2629)
-\alph: See 13.1. (line 2626)
-\Alph example: See 8.7. (line 1075)
-\alpha: See 16.2. (line 2917)
-\alsoname: See 23.3. (line 4775)
-\amalg: See 16.2. (line 2920)
-\and for \author: See 18.1. (line 3824)
-\angle: See 16.2. (line 2923)
-\appendix: See 6. (line 800)
-\approx: See 16.2. (line 2926)
-\arabic: See 13.1. (line 2632)
-\arccos: See 16.3. (line 3546)
-\arcsin: See 16.3. (line 3549)
-\arctan: See 16.3. (line 3552)
-\arg: See 16.3. (line 3555)
-\arraycolsep: See 8.2. (line 943)
-\arrayrulewidth: See 8.23. (line 1928)
-\arraystretch: See 8.23. (line 1932)
-\ast: See 16.2. (line 2929)
-\asymp: See 16.2. (line 2932)
-\author{NAME \and NAME2}: See 18.1. (line 3823)
-\b (bar-under accent): See 21.3. (line 4485)
-\backslash <1>: See 21.1. (line 4246)
-\backslash: See 16.2. (line 2935)
-\bar: See 16.4. (line 3659)
-\baselineskip: See 4.3. (line 609)
-\baselinestretch: See 4.3. (line 615)
-\begin: See 8. (line 885)
-\beta: See 16.2. (line 2938)
-\bf: See 4.1. (line 501)
-\bfseries: See 4.1. (line 450)
-\bibitem: See 8.24.1. (line 2023)
-\bibliography: See 8.24.4. (line 2063)
-\bibliographystyle: See 8.24.4. (line 2063)
-\bigcap: See 16.2. (line 2941)
-\bigcirc: See 16.2. (line 2944)
-\bigcup: See 16.2. (line 2947)
-\bigodot: See 16.2. (line 2950)
-\bigoplus: See 16.2. (line 2953)
-\bigotimes: See 16.2. (line 2956)
-\bigskip: See 19.10. (line 4026)
-\bigskipamount: See 19.10. (line 4026)
-\bigsqcup: See 16.2. (line 2965)
-\bigtriangledown: See 16.2. (line 2959)
-\bigtriangleup: See 16.2. (line 2962)
-\biguplus: See 16.2. (line 2968)
-\bigwedge: See 16.2. (line 2974)
-\bmod: See 16.3. (line 3558)
-\boldmath: See 16. (line 2884)
-\bot: See 16.2. (line 2977)
-\bottomfraction: See 8.10. (line 1168)
-\bowtie: See 16.2. (line 2980)
-\Box: See 16.2. (line 2983)
-\breve: See 16.4. (line 3662)
-\bullet: See 16.2. (line 2986)
-\c (cedilla accent): See 21.3. (line 4489)
-\cal: See 4.1. (line 504)
-\cap: See 16.2. (line 2989)
-\capitalacute: See 21.3. (line 4459)
-\capitalbreve: See 21.3. (line 4524)
-\capitalcaron: See 21.3. (line 4534)
-\capitalcedilla: See 21.3. (line 4489)
-\capitalcircumflex: See 21.3. (line 4472)
-\capitaldieresis: See 21.3. (line 4455)
-\capitaldotaccent: See 21.3. (line 4493)
-\capitalgrave: See 21.3. (line 4476)
-\capitalhungarumlaut: See 21.3. (line 4497)
-\capitalmacron: See 21.3. (line 4468)
-\capitalnewtie: See 21.3. (line 4519)
-\capitalogonek: See 21.3. (line 4508)
-\capitalring: See 21.3. (line 4513)
-\capitaltie: See 21.3. (line 4519)
-\capitaltilde: See 21.3. (line 4482)
-\caption: See 8.10. (line 1164)
-\cc: See 24.2. (line 4851)
-\cdot: See 16.2. (line 2992)
-\cdots: See 16.6. (line 3727)
-\centering: See 8.3.1. (line 967)
-\chapter: See 6. (line 766)
-\check: See 16.4. (line 3665)
-\chi: See 16.2. (line 2995)
-\circ: See 16.2. (line 2998)
-\circle: See 8.18.1. (line 1495)
-\cite: See 8.24.2. (line 2040)
-\cleardoublepage: See 10.1. (line 2294)
-\clearpage: See 10.2. (line 2302)
-\cline: See 8.23.2. (line 1972)
-\closing: See 24.3. (line 4861)
-\clubsuit: See 16.2. (line 3001)
-\columnsep: See 5.2. (line 661)
-\columnseprule: See 5.2. (line 664)
-\columnwidth: See 5.2. (line 668)
-\cong: See 16.2. (line 3004)
-\contentsline: See 23.1.1. (line 4725)
-\coprod: See 16.2. (line 3007)
-\copyright: See 21.2. (line 4271)
-\cos: See 16.3. (line 3561)
-\cosh: See 16.3. (line 3564)
-\cot: See 16.3. (line 3567)
-\coth: See 16.3. (line 3570)
-\csc: See 16.3. (line 3573)
-\cup: See 16.2. (line 3010)
-\d (dot-under accent): See 21.3. (line 4493)
-\dag: See 21.2. (line 4275)
-\dagger: See 16.2. (line 3013)
-\dashbox: See 8.18.4. (line 1548)
-\dashv: See 16.2. (line 3016)
-\date{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3829)
-\day: See 13.8. (line 2709)
-\dblfloatpagefraction: See 5.2. (line 680)
-\dblfloatsep: See 5.2. (line 684)
-\dbltextfloatsep: See 5.2. (line 689)
-\dbltopfraction: See 5.2. (line 675)
-\ddag: See 21.2. (line 4278)
-\ddagger: See 16.2. (line 3019)
-\ddot: See 16.4. (line 3668)
-\ddots: See 16.6. (line 3731)
-\deg: See 16.3. (line 3576)
-\delta: See 16.2. (line 3025)
-\Delta: See 16.2. (line 3022)
-\depth: See 14.6. (line 2765)
-\det: See 16.3. (line 3579)
-\DH (AE): See 21.4. (line 4553)
-\dh (ae): See 21.4. (line 4553)
-\diamond: See 16.2. (line 3031)
-\Diamond: See 16.2. (line 3028)
-\diamondsuit: See 16.2. (line 3034)
-\dim: See 16.3. (line 3582)
-\displaystyle: See 16. (line 2889)
-\div: See 16.2. (line 3037)
-\DJ: See 21.4. (line 4557)
-\dj: See 21.4. (line 4557)
-\documentclass: See 3. (line 319)
-\dot: See 16.4. (line 3671)
-\doteq: See 16.2. (line 3040)
-\dotfill: See 19.8. (line 4006)
-\dots: See 21.2. (line 4292)
-\doublerulesep: See 8.23. (line 1936)
-\Downarrow: See 16.2. (line 3046)
-\downarrow: See 16.2. (line 3043)
-\ell: See 16.2. (line 3049)
-\em: See 4.1. (line 507)
-\emph: See 4.1. (line 444)
-\emptyset: See 16.2. (line 3052)
-\encl: See 24.4. (line 4871)
-\end: See 8. (line 885)
-\enlargethispage: See 10.4. (line 2314)
-\enumi: See 8.7. (line 1065)
-\enumii: See 8.7. (line 1065)
-\enumiii: See 8.7. (line 1065)
-\enumiv: See 8.7. (line 1065)
-\epsilon: See 16.2. (line 3055)
-\equiv: See 16.2. (line 3058)
-\eta: See 16.2. (line 3061)
-\evensidemargin: See 3.1. (line 385)
-\exists: See 16.2. (line 3064)
-\exp: See 16.3. (line 3585)
-\fbox: See 20.2. (line 4077)
-\fboxrule <1>: See 20.2. (line 4087)
-\fboxrule: See 8.18.3. (line 1541)
-\fboxsep <1>: See 20.2. (line 4087)
-\fboxsep: See 8.18.3. (line 1541)
-\fill: See 19.2. (line 3942)
-\flat: See 16.2. (line 3067)
-\floatpagefraction: See 8.10. (line 1171)
-\floatsep: See 8.10. (line 1175)
-\flushbottom: See 5.3. (line 697)
-\fnsymbol: See 13.1. (line 2641)
-\fnsymbol, and footnotes: See 11.4. (line 2403)
-\fontencoding: See 4.3. (line 563)
-\fontfamily: See 4.3. (line 566)
-\fontseries: See 4.3. (line 577)
-\fontshape: See 4.3. (line 592)
-\fontsize: See 4.3. (line 609)
-\footnote: See 11.1. (line 2354)
-\footnotemark: See 11.2. (line 2369)
-\footnoterule: See 11.5. (line 2411)
-\footnotesep: See 11.5. (line 2417)
-\footnotesize: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\footnotetext: See 11.3. (line 2384)
-\footskip: See 5.5. (line 722)
-\forall: See 16.2. (line 3070)
-\frac: See 16.6. (line 3735)
-\frac{num}{den}: See 16.6. (line 3734)
-\frame: See 8.18.5. (line 1561)
-\framebox <1>: See 20.2. (line 4077)
-\framebox: See 8.18.3. (line 1533)
-\frown: See 16.2. (line 3073)
-\fussy: See 9.5. (line 2236)
-\gamma: See 16.2. (line 3079)
-\Gamma: See 16.2. (line 3076)
-\gcd: See 16.3. (line 3588)
-\ge: See 16.2. (line 3082)
-\geq: See 16.2. (line 3085)
-\gets: See 16.2. (line 3088)
-\gg: See 16.2. (line 3091)
-\glossary: See 23.2. (line 4748)
-\glossaryentry: See 23.2. (line 4751)
-\grave: See 16.4. (line 3674)
-\guillemotleft (<<): See 21.2. (line 4284)
-\guillemotright (>>): See 21.2. (line 4285)
-\guilsinglleft (<): See 21.2. (line 4286)
-\guilsinglright (>): See 21.2. (line 4287)
-\H (Hungarian umlaut accent): See 21.3. (line 4497)
-\hat: See 16.4. (line 3677)
-\hbar: See 16.2. (line 3094)
-\headheight: See 5.5. (line 712)
-\headsep: See 5.5. (line 717)
-\heartsuit: See 16.2. (line 3097)
-\height: See 14.6. (line 2763)
-\hfill: See 19.2. (line 3939)
-\hline: See 8.23.3. (line 1983)
-\hom: See 16.3. (line 3591)
-\hookleftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3100)
-\hookrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3103)
-\hrulefill: See 19.7. (line 3999)
-\hspace: See 19.1. (line 3923)
-\Huge: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\huge: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\hyphenation: See 9.7. (line 2254)
-\i (dotless i): See 21.3. (line 4501)
-\iff: See 16.2. (line 3106)
-\IJ (IJ): See 21.4. (line 4561)
-\ij (ij): See 21.4. (line 4561)
-\Im: See 16.2. (line 3109)
-\imath: See 16.4. (line 3680)
-\in: See 16.2. (line 3112)
-\include: See 22.1. (line 4630)
-\includeonly: See 22.2. (line 4648)
-\indent: See 15.1. (line 2788)
-\index: See 23.3. (line 4764)
-\indexentry: See 23.3. (line 4767)
-\inf: See 16.3. (line 3594)
-\infty: See 16.2. (line 3115)
-\input: See 22.3. (line 4662)
-\int: See 16.2. (line 3118)
-\intextsep: See 8.10. (line 1179)
-\iota: See 16.2. (line 3121)
-\it: See 4.1. (line 510)
-\item <1>: See 8.13. (line 1253)
-\item <2>: See 8.7. (line 1052)
-\item: See 8.4. (line 998)
-\itemindent: See 8.13. (line 1299)
-\itemsep: See 8.13. (line 1322)
-\itshape: See 4.1. (line 441)
-\j (dotless j): See 21.3. (line 4504)
-\jmath: See 16.4. (line 3683)
-\Join: See 16.2. (line 3124)
-\k (ogonek): See 21.3. (line 4508)
-\kappa: See 16.2. (line 3127)
-\ker: See 16.3. (line 3597)
-\kill: See 8.21. (line 1777)
-\L (/L): See 21.4. (line 4565)
-\l (/l): See 21.4. (line 4565)
-\label: See 7.1. (line 827)
-\labelenumi: See 8.7. (line 1069)
-\labelenumii: See 8.7. (line 1069)
-\labelenumiii: See 8.7. (line 1069)
-\labelenumiv: See 8.7. (line 1069)
-\labelitemi: See 8.13. (line 1279)
-\labelitemii: See 8.13. (line 1279)
-\labelitemiii: See 8.13. (line 1279)
-\labelitemiv: See 8.13. (line 1279)
-\labelsep: See 8.13. (line 1302)
-\labelwidth: See 8.13. (line 1305)
-\lambda: See 16.2. (line 3133)
-\Lambda: See 16.2. (line 3130)
-\land: See 16.2. (line 3136)
-\langle: See 16.2. (line 3139)
-\LARGE: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\Large: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\large: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\LaTeX: See 21.2. (line 4281)
-\lbrace: See 16.2. (line 3142)
-\lbrack: See 16.2. (line 3145)
-\lceil: See 16.2. (line 3148)
-\ldots: See 21.2. (line 4291)
-\le: See 16.2. (line 3151)
-\leadsto: See 16.2. (line 3154)
-\left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: See 16.6. (line 3737)
-\leftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3159)
-\Leftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3156)
-\lefteqn: See 8.8. (line 1099)
-\leftharpoondown: See 16.2. (line 3162)
-\leftharpoonup: See 16.2. (line 3165)
-\leftmargin: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftmargini: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftmarginii: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftmarginiii: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftmarginiv: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftmarginv: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftmarginvi: See 8.13. (line 1286)
-\leftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3171)
-\Leftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3168)
-\leq: See 16.2. (line 3174)
-\lfloor: See 16.2. (line 3177)
-\lg: See 16.3. (line 3600)
-\lhd: See 16.2. (line 3180)
-\lim: See 16.3. (line 3603)
-\liminf: See 16.3. (line 3606)
-\limsup: See 16.3. (line 3609)
-\line: See 8.18.6. (line 1572)
-\linebreak: See 9.8. (line 2270)
-\linespread: See 4.3. (line 622)
-\linethickness: See 8.18.7. (line 1587)
-\linewidth: See 5.5. (line 727)
-\listoffigures: See 23.1. (line 4690)
-\listoftables: See 23.1. (line 4690)
-\listparindent: See 8.13. (line 1308)
-\ll: See 16.2. (line 3183)
-\ln: See 16.3. (line 3612)
-\lnot: See 16.2. (line 3186)
-\location: See 24.5. (line 4880)
-\log: See 16.3. (line 3615)
-\longleftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3189)
-\longleftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3192)
-\longmapsto: See 16.2. (line 3195)
-\longrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3198)
-\lor: See 16.2. (line 3201)
-\lq: See 21.2. (line 4297)
-\makebox: See 20.4. (line 4108)
-\makebox (picture): See 8.18.2. (line 1506)
-\makeglossary: See 23.2. (line 4746)
-\makeindex: See 23.3. (line 4761)
-\makelabels: See 24.6. (line 4888)
-\maketitle: See 18.1. (line 3818)
-\mapsto: See 16.2. (line 3204)
-\marginpar: See 15.4. (line 2812)
-\marginparpush: See 15.4. (line 2841)
-\marginparsep: See 15.4. (line 2845)
-\marginparwidth: See 15.4. (line 2849)
-\markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: See 18.3. (line 3893)
-\markright{RIGHT}: See 18.3. (line 3900)
-\mathbf: See 4.1. (line 474)
-\mathcal: See 4.1. (line 490)
-\mathnormal: See 4.1. (line 487)
-\mathrm: See 4.1. (line 471)
-\mathsf: See 4.1. (line 477)
-\mathtt: See 4.1. (line 480)
-\mathversion: See 4.1. (line 492)
-\max: See 16.3. (line 3618)
-\mbox: See 20.1. (line 4070)
-\mdseries: See 4.1. (line 447)
-\medskip: See 19.10. (line 4030)
-\medskipamount: See 19.10. (line 4030)
-\mho: See 16.2. (line 3207)
-\mid: See 16.2. (line 3209)
-\min: See 16.3. (line 3621)
-\models: See 16.2. (line 3212)
-\month: See 13.8. (line 2709)
-\mp: See 16.2. (line 3215)
-\mu: See 16.2. (line 3218)
-\multicolumn: See 8.23.1. (line 1949)
-\multiput: See 8.18.10. (line 1611)
-\nabla: See 16.2. (line 3221)
-\name: See 24.7. (line 4896)
-\natural: See 16.2. (line 3224)
-\ne: See 16.2. (line 3227)
-\nearrow: See 16.2. (line 3230)
-\neg: See 16.2. (line 3233)
-\neq: See 16.2. (line 3236)
-\newcommand: See 12.1. (line 2433)
-\newcounter: See 12.2. (line 2466)
-\newenvironment: See 12.5. (line 2506)
-\newfont: See 12.7. (line 2571)
-\newlength: See 12.3. (line 2481)
-\NEWLINE: See 19.3. (line 3949)
-\newline: See 9.3. (line 2217)
-\newpage: See 10.3. (line 2308)
-\newsavebox: See 12.4. (line 2496)
-\newtheorem: See 12.6. (line 2542)
-\newtie: See 21.3. (line 4519)
-\NG: See 21.4. (line 4569)
-\ng: See 21.4. (line 4569)
-\ni: See 16.2. (line 3239)
-\nocite: See 8.24.3. (line 2055)
-\nofiles: See 23.1. (line 4694)
-\noindent: See 15.2. (line 2799)
-\nolinebreak: See 9.8. (line 2270)
-\nonumber: See 8.8. (line 1094)
-\nopagebreak: See 10.5. (line 2329)
-\normalfont: See 4.1. (line 468)
-\normalmarginpar: See 15.4. (line 2829)
-\normalsize: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\not: See 16.2. (line 3242)
-\notin: See 16.2. (line 3245)
-\nu: See 16.2. (line 3248)
-\nwarrow: See 16.2. (line 3251)
-\O (/O): See 21.4. (line 4573)
-\o (/o): See 21.4. (line 4573)
-\obeycr: See 9.2. (line 2208)
-\oddsidemargin: See 3.1. (line 385)
-\odot: See 16.2. (line 3254)
-\OE (OE): See 21.4. (line 4577)
-\oe (oe): See 21.4. (line 4577)
-\oint: See 16.2. (line 3257)
-\omega: See 16.2. (line 3263)
-\Omega: See 16.2. (line 3260)
-\ominus: See 16.2. (line 3266)
-\onecolumn: See 5.1. (line 645)
-\opening: See 24.8. (line 4904)
-\oplus: See 16.2. (line 3269)
-\oslash: See 16.2. (line 3272)
-\otimes: See 16.2. (line 3275)
-\oval: See 8.18.11. (line 1621)
-\overbrace{TEXT}: See 16.6. (line 3742)
-\overline{TEXT}: See 16.6. (line 3746)
-\owns: See 16.2. (line 3278)
-\P: See 21.2. (line 4300)
-\pagebreak: See 10.5. (line 2329)
-\pagenumbering: See 18.2. (line 3845)
-\pageref: See 7.2. (line 863)
-\pagestyle: See 18.3. (line 3869)
-\paragraph: See 6. (line 775)
-\parallel: See 16.2. (line 3281)
-\parbox: See 20.5. (line 4136)
-\parindent <1>: See 15.1. (line 2788)
-\parindent: See 8.17. (line 1410)
-\parsep: See 8.13. (line 1327)
-\parskip: See 15.3. (line 2806)
-\parskip example: See 8.13. (line 1344)
-\part: See 6. (line 764)
-\partial: See 16.2. (line 3284)
-\partopsep: See 8.13. (line 1337)
-\perp: See 16.2. (line 3287)
-\phi: See 16.2. (line 3290)
-\pi: See 16.2. (line 3296)
-\Pi: See 16.2. (line 3293)
-\pm: See 16.2. (line 3299)
-\pmod: See 16.3. (line 3624)
-\poptabs: See 8.21. (line 1783)
-\pounds: See 21.2. (line 4304)
-\Pr: See 16.3. (line 3627)
-\prec: See 16.2. (line 3302)
-\preceq: See 16.2. (line 3305)
-\prime: See 16.2. (line 3308)
-\prod: See 16.2. (line 3311)
-\propto: See 16.2. (line 3314)
-\protect: See 12.8. (line 2585)
-\ps: See 24.9. (line 4917)
-\psi: See 16.2. (line 3320)
-\Psi: See 16.2. (line 3317)
-\pushtabs: See 8.21. (line 1786)
-\put: See 8.18.12. (line 1648)
-\quotedblbase ("): See 21.2. (line 4308)
-\quotesinglbase (,): See 21.2. (line 4309)
-\r (ring accent): See 21.3. (line 4513)
-\raggedbottom: See 5.4. (line 706)
-\raggedleft: See 8.12.1. (line 1240)
-\raggedright: See 8.11.1. (line 1214)
-\raisebox: See 20.6. (line 4180)
-\rangle: See 16.2. (line 3323)
-\rbrace: See 16.2. (line 3326)
-\rbrack: See 16.2. (line 3329)
-\rceil: See 16.2. (line 3332)
-\Re: See 16.2. (line 3335)
-\ref: See 7.3. (line 873)
-\refstepcounter: See 13.6. (line 2696)
-\renewenvironment: See 12.5. (line 2506)
-\restorecr: See 9.2. (line 2208)
-\reversemarginpar: See 15.4. (line 2829)
-\rfloor: See 16.2. (line 3338)
-\rhd: See 16.2. (line 3341)
-\rho: See 16.2. (line 3344)
-\right: See 16.6. (line 3738)
-\rightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3350)
-\Rightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3347)
-\rightharpoondown: See 16.2. (line 3353)
-\rightharpoonup: See 16.2. (line 3356)
-\rightleftharpoons: See 16.2. (line 3359)
-\rightmargin: See 8.13. (line 1312)
-\rm: See 4.1. (line 513)
-\rmfamily: See 4.1. (line 438)
-\roman: See 13.1. (line 2635)
-\rq: See 21.2. (line 4312)
-\rule: See 21.5. (line 4591)
-\S: See 21.2. (line 4315)
-\savebox: See 20.7. (line 4196)
-\sbox: See 20.8. (line 4208)
-\sc: See 4.1. (line 516)
-\scriptsize: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\scshape: See 4.1. (line 462)
-\searrow: See 16.2. (line 3362)
-\sec: See 16.3. (line 3630)
-\section: See 6. (line 769)
-\seename: See 23.3. (line 4775)
-\selectfont: See 4.3. (line 628)
-\setcounter: See 13.4. (line 2680)
-\setlength: See 14.1. (line 2726)
-\setminus: See 16.2. (line 3365)
-\settodepth: See 14.3. (line 2739)
-\settoheight: See 14.4. (line 2747)
-\settowidth: See 14.5. (line 2755)
-\sf: See 4.1. (line 519)
-\sffamily: See 4.1. (line 459)
-\sharp: See 16.2. (line 3368)
-\shortstack: See 8.18.13. (line 1656)
-\sigma: See 16.2. (line 3374)
-\Sigma: See 16.2. (line 3371)
-\signature: See 24.10. (line 4923)
-\sim: See 16.2. (line 3377)
-\simeq: See 16.2. (line 3380)
-\sin: See 16.3. (line 3633)
-\sinh: See 16.3. (line 3636)
-\sl: See 4.1. (line 522)
-\slshape: See 4.1. (line 456)
-\small: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\smallint: See 16.2. (line 3383)
-\smallskip: See 19.10. (line 4034)
-\smallskipamount: See 19.10. (line 4034)
-\smile: See 16.2. (line 3386)
-\SPACE: See 19.3. (line 3949)
-\spadesuit: See 16.2. (line 3389)
-\sqcap: See 16.2. (line 3392)
-\sqcup: See 16.2. (line 3395)
-\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: See 16.6. (line 3749)
-\sqsubset: See 16.2. (line 3398)
-\sqsubseteq: See 16.2. (line 3401)
-\sqsupset: See 16.2. (line 3404)
-\sqsupseteq: See 16.2. (line 3407)
-\SS (SS): See 21.4. (line 4581)
-\ss (ss): See 21.4. (line 4581)
-\stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: See 16.6. (line 3755)
-\star: See 16.2. (line 3410)
-\startbreaks: See 24.11. (line 4929)
-\stepcounter: See 13.7. (line 2703)
-\stop: See 26. (line 4993)
-\stopbreaks: See 24.12. (line 4936)
-\subparagraph: See 6. (line 777)
-\subsection: See 6. (line 771)
-\subset: See 16.2. (line 3413)
-\subseteq: See 16.2. (line 3416)
-\subsubsection: See 6. (line 773)
-\succ: See 16.2. (line 3419)
-\succeq: See 16.2. (line 3422)
-\sum: See 16.2. (line 3425)
-\sup: See 16.3. (line 3639)
-\supset: See 16.2. (line 3428)
-\supseteq: See 16.2. (line 3431)
-\surd: See 16.2. (line 3434)
-\swarrow: See 16.2. (line 3437)
-\symbol: See 21.1. (line 4255)
-\t (tie-after accent): See 21.3. (line 4519)
-\TAB: See 19.3. (line 3949)
-\tabbingsep: See 8.21. (line 1791)
-\tabcolsep: See 8.23. (line 1940)
-\tableofcontents: See 23.1. (line 4680)
-\tan: See 16.3. (line 3642)
-\tanh: See 16.3. (line 3645)
-\tau: See 16.2. (line 3440)
-\telephone: See 24.13. (line 4943)
-\TeX: See 21.2. (line 4318)
-\textascenderwordmark: See 21.2. (line 4356)
-\textasciicircum: See 21.2. (line 4321)
-\textasciitilde: See 21.2. (line 4324)
-\textasteriskcentered: See 21.2. (line 4327)
-\textbackslash: See 21.2. (line 4330)
-\textbar: See 21.2. (line 4333)
-\textbardbl: See 21.2. (line 4336)
-\textbf: See 4.1. (line 450)
-\textbigcircle: See 21.2. (line 4339)
-\textbraceleft: See 21.2. (line 4342)
-\textbraceright: See 21.2. (line 4345)
-\textbullet: See 21.2. (line 4348)
-\textcapitalwordmark: See 21.2. (line 4355)
-\textcircled{LETTER}: See 21.2. (line 4351)
-\textcompwordmark: See 21.2. (line 4354)
-\textcopyright: See 21.2. (line 4272)
-\textdagger: See 21.2. (line 4361)
-\textdaggerdbl: See 21.2. (line 4364)
-\textdollar (or $): See 21.2. (line 4367)
-\textellipsis: See 21.2. (line 4293)
-\textemdash (or ---): See 21.2. (line 4370)
-\textendash (or --): See 21.2. (line 4373)
-\texteuro: See 21.2. (line 4376)
-\textexclamdown (or !`): See 21.2. (line 4379)
-\textfloatsep: See 8.10. (line 1184)
-\textfraction: See 8.10. (line 1188)
-\textgreater: See 21.2. (line 4382)
-\textheight: See 5.5. (line 733)
-\textit: See 4.1. (line 441)
-\textleftarrow: See 21.2. (line 4388)
-\textless: See 21.2. (line 4385)
-\textmd: See 4.1. (line 447)
-\textnormal: See 4.1. (line 468)
-\textordfeminine: See 21.2. (line 4391)
-\textordmasculine: See 21.2. (line 4392)
-\textparagraph: See 21.2. (line 4301)
-\textperiodcentered: See 21.2. (line 4398)
-\textquestiondown (or ?`): See 21.2. (line 4401)
-\textquotedblleft (or ``): See 21.2. (line 4404)
-\textquotedblright (or '): See 21.2. (line 4407)
-\textquoteleft (or `): See 21.2. (line 4410)
-\textquoteright (or '): See 21.2. (line 4413)
-\textquotestraightbase: See 21.2. (line 4416)
-\textquotestraightdblbase: See 21.2. (line 4417)
-\textregistered: See 21.2. (line 4420)
-\textrightarrow: See 21.2. (line 4423)
-\textrm: See 4.1. (line 438)
-\textsc: See 4.1. (line 462)
-\textsf: See 4.1. (line 459)
-\textsl: See 4.1. (line 456)
-\textsterling: See 21.2. (line 4305)
-\textthreequartersemdash: See 21.2. (line 4426)
-\texttrademark: See 21.2. (line 4429)
-\texttt: See 4.1. (line 465)
-\texttwelveudash: See 21.2. (line 4432)
-\textunderscore: See 21.2. (line 4435)
-\textup: See 4.1. (line 453)
-\textvisiblespace: See 21.2. (line 4438)
-\textwidth: See 5.5. (line 740)
-\TH (): See 21.4. (line 4585)
-\th (): See 21.4. (line 4585)
-\thanks{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3833)
-\theta: See 16.2. (line 3443)
-\thicklines: See 8.18.8. (line 1597)
-\thinlines: See 8.18.9. (line 1604)
-\thinspace: See 19.5. (line 3974)
-\thispagestyle: See 18.4. (line 3907)
-\tilde: See 16.4. (line 3686)
-\times: See 16.2. (line 3446)
-\tiny: See 4.2. (line 537)
-\title{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3837)
-\to: See 16.2. (line 3449)
-\today: See 21.6. (line 4610)
-\top: See 16.2. (line 3452)
-\topfraction: See 8.10. (line 1193)
-\topmargin: See 5.5. (line 746)
-\topsep: See 8.13. (line 1331)
-\topskip: See 5.5. (line 753)
-\totalheight: See 14.6. (line 2767)
-\triangle: See 16.2. (line 3455)
-\triangleleft: See 16.2. (line 3458)
-\triangleright: See 16.2. (line 3461)
-\tt: See 4.1. (line 525)
-\ttfamily: See 4.1. (line 465)
-\twocolumn: See 5.2. (line 651)
-\typein: See 25.1. (line 4954)
-\typeout: See 25.2. (line 4968)
-\u (breve accent): See 21.3. (line 4524)
-\unboldmath: See 16. (line 2884)
-\underbar: See 21.3. (line 4527)
-\underbrace{math}: See 16.6. (line 3759)
-\underline{text}: See 16.6. (line 3762)
-\unitlength: See 8.18. (line 1431)
-\unlhd: See 16.2. (line 3464)
-\unrhd: See 16.2. (line 3467)
-\uparrow: See 16.2. (line 3473)
-\Uparrow: See 16.2. (line 3470)
-\updownarrow: See 16.2. (line 3479)
-\Updownarrow: See 16.2. (line 3476)
-\uplus: See 16.2. (line 3482)
-\upshape: See 4.1. (line 453)
-\upsilon: See 16.2. (line 3488)
-\Upsilon: See 16.2. (line 3485)
-\usebox: See 20.9. (line 4220)
-\usecounter: See 13.2. (line 2655)
-\usefont: See 4.3. (line 632)
-\usepackage: See 3.1. (line 404)
-\v (breve accent): See 21.3. (line 4534)
-\value: See 13.3. (line 2666)
-\varepsilon: See 16.2. (line 3491)
-\varphi: See 16.2. (line 3494)
-\varpi: See 16.2. (line 3497)
-\varrho: See 16.2. (line 3500)
-\varsigma: See 16.2. (line 3503)
-\vartheta: See 16.2. (line 3506)
-\vdash: See 16.2. (line 3509)
-\vdots: See 16.6. (line 3767)
-\vec: See 16.4. (line 3689)
-\vector: See 8.18.14. (line 1677)
-\vee: See 16.2. (line 3512)
-\verb: See 8.27.1. (line 2150)
-\vert: See 16.2. (line 3518)
-\Vert: See 16.2. (line 3515)
-\vfill: See 19.11. (line 4043)
-\vline: See 8.23.4. (line 1990)
-\vspace: See 19.12. (line 4050)
-\wedge: See 16.2. (line 3521)
-\widehat: See 16.4. (line 3692)
-\width: See 14.6. (line 2761)
-\wp: See 16.2. (line 3524)
-\wr: See 16.2. (line 3527)
-\xi: See 16.2. (line 3533)
-\Xi: See 16.2. (line 3530)
-\year: See 13.8. (line 2709)
-\zeta: See 16.2. (line 3536)
-\{: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\|: See 16.2. (line 2911)
-\}: See 21.1. (line 4241)
-\~: See 21.1. (line 4251)
-\~ (tilde accent): See 21.3. (line 4482)
-^: See 16.1. (line 2897)
-_: See 16.1. (line 2897)
-a4paper option: See 3.1. (line 349)
-a5paper option: See 3.1. (line 349)
-abstract environment: See 8.1. (line 895)
-array environment: See 8.2. (line 906)
-article class: See 3. (line 326)
-b5paper option: See 3.1. (line 349)
-book class: See 3. (line 326)
-center environment: See 8.3. (line 953)
-description environment: See 8.4. (line 990)
-displaymath environment <1>: See 16. (line 2859)
-displaymath environment: See 8.5. (line 1013)
-document environment: See 8.6. (line 1033)
-draft option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-enumerate environment: See 8.7. (line 1039)
-eqnarray environment: See 8.8. (line 1080)
-equation environment <1>: See 16. (line 2859)
-equation environment: See 8.9. (line 1106)
-executivepaper option: See 3.1. (line 349)
-figure: See 8.10. (line 1119)
-final option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-fleqn option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-flushleft environment: See 8.11. (line 1201)
-flushright environment: See 8.12. (line 1227)
-indexspace: See 23.3. (line 4788)
-itemize environment: See 8.13. (line 1253)
-landscape option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-legalpaper option: See 3.1. (line 349)
-leqno option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-letter: See 8.14. (line 1360)
-letter class: See 3. (line 326)
-letterpaper option: See 3.1. (line 349)
-list: See 8.15. (line 1365)
-lR box: See 8.18. (line 1485)
-lrbox: See 20.3. (line 4098)
-math environment <1>: See 16. (line 2859)
-math environment: See 8.16. (line 1387)
-minipage environment: See 8.17. (line 1399)
-notitlepage option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-onecolumn option: See 3.1. (line 379)
-oneside option: See 3.1. (line 379)
-openany option: See 3.1. (line 379)
-openbib option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-openright option: See 3.1. (line 379)
-picture: See 8.18. (line 1427)
-printindex: See 23.3. (line 4784)
-quotation: See 8.19. (line 1688)
-quote: See 8.20. (line 1703)
-report class: See 3. (line 326)
-secnumdepth counter: See 6. (line 810)
-slides class: See 3. (line 326)
-tabbing environment: See 8.21. (line 1718)
-table: See 8.22. (line 1810)
-tabular environment: See 8.23. (line 1837)
-textcomp package: See 21.2. (line 4267)
-thebibliography: See 8.24. (line 1998)
-theorem environment: See 8.25. (line 2103)
-titlepage environment: See 8.26. (line 2116)
-titlepage option: See 3.1. (line 354)
-twocolumn option: See 3.1. (line 379)
-twoside option: See 3.1. (line 379)
-verbatim environment: See 8.27. (line 2133)
-verse environment: See 8.28. (line 2167)