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+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader
+\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{textalpha}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{hyperref,bookmark}
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+% \usepackage{kerkis}
+% \usepackage{gfsdidot}
+
+% The document should work with and without babel:
+\usepackage[greek,english]{babel}
+% \usepackage[polutonikogreek,english]{babel}
+% revert the polutonikogreek definition of \~:
+% \addto\extraspolutonikogreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
+% \addto\extrasgreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
+
+% from textalpha.sty:
+\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\ensuregreek}[1]{{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont #1}}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\section*{Greek Unicode with \texttt{lgrenc.dfu}}
+
+The definitions in \texttt{lgrenc.dfu} provide standards-compatible UTF-8
+support for Greek based on the LICRs (LaTeX internal character
+representations) defined in \texttt{lgrenc.def} from the ``greek-fontec''
+package.
+
+Like other \emph{inputenc} Unicode definitions, they only work for text
+in the correct font encoding (in this case LGR).
+% e.g. Π produces:
+% ! LaTeX Error: Command \textPi unavailable in encoding T1.
+% just like Ж produces:
+% ! LaTeX Error: Command \CYRZH unavailable in encoding T1.
+%
+The font encoding is automatically set to LGR by babel for the languages
+\emph{greek} and \emph{polutonikogreek}.
+
+With the combination
+%
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ \usepackage{textalpha}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+Greek Unicode literals can be used in text with any font encoding just like
+the symbols provided by package ``textcomp'' (i.e. with some
+limitations to kerning, MakeUppercase/MakeLowercase and multiple accents,
+described in \texttt{textalpha-test} from the ``lgrx'' package).
+
+
+\section{Supported Characters}
+
+Unicode definitions exist for all non-ASCII characters that can be rendered
+with an LGR-encoded font.
+
+\subsection{Greek and Coptic}
+
+legend: * glyph missing in LGR, [space] Unicode point not defined
+
+\selectlanguage{greek}
+\begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}
+\toprule
+ & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & \textlatin C & D & E & F\\
+\midrule
+\textlatin{370} & * & * & * & * & ʹ & ͵ & * & * & & & ͺ & * & * & * & ; & \\
+\textlatin{380} & & & & & ΄ & ΅ & Ά & · & Έ & Ή & Ί & & Ό & & Ύ & Ώ\\
+\textlatin{390} & ΐ & Α & Β & Γ & Δ & Ε & Ζ & Η & Θ & Ι & Κ & Λ & Μ & Ν & Ξ & Ο\\
+\textlatin{3A0} & Π & Ρ & & Σ & Τ & Υ & Φ & Χ & Ψ & Ω & Ϊ & Ϋ & ά & έ & ή & ί\\
+\textlatin{3B0} & ΰ & α & β & γ & δ & ε & ζ & η & θ & ι & κ & λ & μ & ν & ξ & ο\\
+\textlatin{3C0} & π & ρ & ς & σ & τ & υ & φ & χ & ψ & ω & ϊ & ϋ & ό & ύ & ώ & \\
+\textlatin{3D0} & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & Ϙ & ϙ & Ϛ & ϛ & Ϝ & ϝ & * & ϟ\\
+\textlatin{3E0} & Ϡ & ϡ & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\
+\textlatin{3F0} & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\selectlanguage{english}
+
+\subsection{Greek Extended}
+
+\selectlanguage{greek}
+\begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}
+\toprule
+ & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & \textlatin C & D & E & F\\
+\midrule
+\textlatin{1F00} & ἀ & ἁ & ἂ & ἃ & ἄ & ἅ & ἆ & ἇ & Ἀ & Ἁ & Ἂ & Ἃ & Ἄ & Ἅ & Ἆ & Ἇ\\
+\textlatin{1F10} & ἐ & ἑ & ἒ & ἓ & ἔ & ἕ & & & Ἐ & Ἑ & Ἒ & Ἓ & Ἔ & Ἕ & & \\
+\textlatin{1F20} & ἠ & ἡ & ἢ & ἣ & ἤ & ἥ & ἦ & ἧ & Ἠ & Ἡ & Ἢ & Ἣ & Ἤ & Ἥ & Ἦ & Ἧ\\
+\textlatin{1F30} & ἰ & ἱ & ἲ & ἳ & ἴ & ἵ & ἶ & ἷ & Ἰ & Ἱ & Ἲ & Ἳ & Ἴ & Ἵ & Ἶ & Ἷ\\
+\textlatin{1F40} & ὀ & ὁ & ὂ & ὃ & ὄ & ὅ & & & Ὀ & Ὁ & Ὂ & Ὃ & Ὄ & Ὅ & & \\
+\textlatin{1F50} & ὐ & ὑ & ὒ & ὓ & ὔ & ὕ & ὖ & ὗ & & Ὑ & & Ὓ & & Ὕ & & Ὗ\\
+\textlatin{1F60} & ὠ & ὡ & ὢ & ὣ & ὤ & ὥ & ὦ & ὧ & Ὠ & Ὡ & Ὢ & Ὣ & Ὤ & Ὥ & Ὦ & Ὧ\\
+\textlatin{1F70} & ὰ & ά & ὲ & έ & ὴ & ή & ὶ & ί & ὸ & ό & ὺ & ύ & ὼ & ώ & & \\
+\textlatin{1F80} & ᾀ & ᾁ & ᾂ & ᾃ & ᾄ & ᾅ & ᾆ & ᾇ & ᾈ & ᾉ & ᾊ & ᾋ & ᾌ & ᾍ & ᾎ & ᾏ\\
+\textlatin{1F90} & ᾐ & ᾑ & ᾒ & ᾓ & ᾔ & ᾕ & ᾖ & ᾗ & ᾘ & ᾙ & ᾚ & ᾛ & ᾜ & ᾝ & ᾞ & ᾟ\\
+\textlatin{1FA0} & ᾠ & ᾡ & ᾢ & ᾣ & ᾤ & ᾥ & ᾦ & ᾧ & ᾨ & ᾩ & ᾪ & ᾫ & ᾬ & ᾭ & ᾮ & ᾯ\\
+\textlatin{1FB0} & ᾰ & ᾱ & ᾲ & ᾳ & ᾴ & & ᾶ & ᾷ & Ᾰ & Ᾱ & Ὰ & Ά & ᾼ & ᾽ & ι & ᾿\\
+\textlatin{1FC0} & ῀ & ῁ & ῂ & ῃ & ῄ & & ῆ & ῇ & Ὲ & Έ & Ὴ & Ή & ῌ & ῍ & ῎ & ῏\\
+\textlatin{1FD0} & ῐ & ῑ & ῒ & ΐ & & & ῖ & ῗ & Ῐ & Ῑ & Ὶ & Ί & & ῝ & ῞ & ῟\\
+\textlatin{1FE0} & ῠ & ῡ & ῢ & ΰ & ῤ & ῥ & ῦ & ῧ & Ῠ & Ῡ & Ὺ & Ύ & Ῥ & ῭ & ΅ & `\\
+\textlatin{1FF0} & & & ῲ & ῳ & ῴ & & ῶ & ῷ & Ὸ & Ό & Ὼ & Ώ & ῼ & ´ & ῾ & \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\selectlanguage{english}
+
+
+\subsection{Other Unicode Blocks}
+
+Latin-1 Supplement: \ensuregreek{¨ « ¯ ´ · »}
+
+IPA Extensions: \ensuregreek{ə}
+
+Spacing Modifier Letters: \ensuregreek{˘a} (here followed by letter alpha)
+
+General Punctuation: \ensuregreek{– — ‘ ’ ‰} ZWNJ (zero width no joiner,
+prevents kerning and ligatures, e.g. \ensuregreek{A‌‌U} vs. \ensuregreek{AU} and
+\ensuregreek{'‌a} vs. \ensuregreek{'a})
+
+Currency Symbols: \ensuregreek{€}
+
+Letterlike Symbols: Ω % OHM SIGN, preferred representation is 03A9
+
+Ancient Greek Numbers: \ensuregreek{
+𐅄 % \textPiDelta{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
+𐅅 % \textPiEta{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
+𐅆 % \textPiChi{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
+𐅇 % \textPiMu{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND
+}
+
+\section{MakeUppercase, MakeLowercase}
+
+Capital Greek letters have diacritics (except the dialytika) to the left
+(instead of above) and drop them in uppercase, e.g.
+\ensuregreek{μαΐστρος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μαΐστρος}}.
+
+Tonos and dasia on the first vowel of a diphthong (\ensuregreek{άι, άυ, έι})
+imply a \emph{hiatus}. A dialytika must be placed on the second
+vowel if they are dropped (\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{\'ai, \'au, \'ei}}).
+
+The auto-hiatus feature in lgrxenc.def works nice with the Latin
+transcription and with character-macros (%
+\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{%
+ \'ai,
+ \'\textalpha \textupsilon,
+ \'\textepsilon \textiota
+}})
+and also if the first character is wrapped in \verb+\ensuregreek+ (as done by
+the lgrenc.dfu definition for accented characters) or a literal Unicode
+character
+(\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{%
+ \ensuregreek{\'\textalpha}\textiota,
+ ά\textupsilon,
+ ά\textiota
+}})
+but not if the second character of the diphthong is a Unicode literal
+(\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{%
+ \'\textalpha ι,
+ άυ,
+ \'\textepsilon ι
+}}).
+
+Therefore, the diaresis is missing in the following examples:
+\ensuregreek{άυλος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{άυλος},
+ ἄυλος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἄυλος},
+ μάινα $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μάινα},
+ κέικ, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{κέικ},
+ ἀυπνία $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἀυπνία}}.
+
+Fixing this shortcoming requires knowledge of what the
+\verb+\LGR@ifnextchar+ ``sees'' when the next character is an upcased
+Unicode literal.
+
+As an ugly workaround, use \verb+\textiota+ resp. \verb+\textupsilon+
+for the character that should get the diaresis:
+\ensuregreek{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία}}.
+
+
+
+The following subsections test MakeUppercase and MakeLowercase with all
+characters defined in lgrenc.dfu:
+
+\subsection{Greek and Coptic}
+
+\newcommand{\GreekAndCoptic}{ʹ͵ͺ; ΄ ΅ Ά·ΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫϘϚϜϠ}
+\newcommand{\greekandcoptic}{άέήίΰαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώϙϛϝϟϡ}
+
+Characters of the Greek and Coptic Unicode Block:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \selectlanguage{greek}
+ \GreekAndCoptic\\
+ \greekandcoptic
+\end{quote}
+
+MakeUppercase:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \selectlanguage{greek}
+ \MakeUppercase{\GreekAndCoptic}\\
+ \MakeUppercase{\greekandcoptic}
+\end{quote}
+
+Letters and ypogegrammeni upcased, tonos dropped, dialytika kept.
+
+There is no capital Koppa in LGR, therefore \ensuregreek{ϟ} is left unchanged
+with MakeUppercase.
+
+
+MakeLowercase:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \selectlanguage{greek}
+ \MakeLowercase{\GreekAndCoptic}\\
+ \MakeLowercase{\greekandcoptic}
+\end{quote}
+
+The lowercase of \ensuregreek{Σ} is the «auto-sigma» (\verb+\textautosigma+):
+\ensuregreek{ΣΣ $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{ΣΣ}}. Add a ZWNJ or use the
+\verb+\noboundary+ macro to prevent conversion to final sigma:
+\ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{ΣΣ‌}}. The lowercase of GREEK LETTER STIGMA
+\ensuregreek{Ϛ} is \ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{Ϛ}}.
+
+\newpage
+
+\subsection{Greek extended}
+
+MakeUppercase:
+
+\selectlanguage{greek}
+
+\MakeUppercase{ ἀ ἁ ἂ ἃ ἄ ἅ ἆ ἇ Ἀ Ἁ Ἂ Ἃ Ἄ Ἅ Ἆ Ἇ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ἐ ἑ ἒ ἓ ἔ ἕ Ἐ Ἑ Ἒ Ἓ Ἔ Ἕ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ἠ ἡ ἢ ἣ ἤ ἥ ἦ ἧ Ἠ Ἡ Ἢ Ἣ Ἤ Ἥ Ἦ Ἧ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ἰ ἱ ἲ ἳ ἴ ἵ ἶ ἷ Ἰ Ἱ Ἲ Ἳ Ἴ Ἵ Ἶ Ἷ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ὀ ὁ ὂ ὃ ὄ ὅ Ὀ Ὁ Ὂ Ὃ Ὄ Ὅ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ὐ ὑ ὒ ὓ ὔ ὕ ὖ ὗ Ὑ Ὓ Ὕ Ὗ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ὠ ὡ ὢ ὣ ὤ ὥ ὦ ὧ Ὠ Ὡ Ὢ Ὣ Ὤ Ὥ Ὦ Ὧ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ὰ ά ὲ έ ὴ ή ὶ ί ὸ ό ὺ ύ ὼ ώ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ᾀ ᾁ ᾂ ᾃ ᾄ ᾅ ᾆ ᾇ ᾈ ᾉ ᾊ ᾋ ᾌ ᾍ ᾎ ᾏ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ᾐ ᾑ ᾒ ᾓ ᾔ ᾕ ᾖ ᾗ ᾘ ᾙ ᾚ ᾛ ᾜ ᾝ ᾞ ᾟ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ᾠ ᾡ ᾢ ᾣ ᾤ ᾥ ᾦ ᾧ ᾨ ᾩ ᾪ ᾫ ᾬ ᾭ ᾮ ᾯ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ᾰ ᾱ ᾲ ᾳ ᾴ ᾶ ᾷ Ᾰ Ᾱ Ὰ Ά ᾼ ᾽ ι ᾿ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ῀ ῁ ῂ ῃ ῄ ῆ ῇ Ὲ Έ Ὴ Ή ῌ ῍ ῎ ῏ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ῐ ῑ ῒ ΐ ῖ ῗ Ῐ Ῑ Ὶ Ί ῝ ῞ ῟ }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ῠ ῡ ῢ ΰ ῤ ῥ ῦ ῧ Ῠ Ῡ Ὺ Ύ Ῥ ῭ ΅ ` }\\
+\MakeUppercase{ ῲ ῳ ῴ ῶ ῷ Ὸ Ό Ὼ Ώ ῼ ´ ῾ }
+\selectlanguage{english}
+
+MakeLowercase:
+
+\selectlanguage{greek}
+\MakeLowercase{ ἀ ἁ ἂ ἃ ἄ ἅ ἆ ἇ Ἀ Ἁ Ἂ Ἃ Ἄ Ἅ Ἆ Ἇ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ἐ ἑ ἒ ἓ ἔ ἕ Ἐ Ἑ Ἒ Ἓ Ἔ Ἕ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ἠ ἡ ἢ ἣ ἤ ἥ ἦ ἧ Ἠ Ἡ Ἢ Ἣ Ἤ Ἥ Ἦ Ἧ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ἰ ἱ ἲ ἳ ἴ ἵ ἶ ἷ Ἰ Ἱ Ἲ Ἳ Ἴ Ἵ Ἶ Ἷ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ὀ ὁ ὂ ὃ ὄ ὅ Ὀ Ὁ Ὂ Ὃ Ὄ Ὅ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ὐ ὑ ὒ ὓ ὔ ὕ ὖ ὗ Ὑ Ὓ Ὕ Ὗ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ὠ ὡ ὢ ὣ ὤ ὥ ὦ ὧ Ὠ Ὡ Ὢ Ὣ Ὤ Ὥ Ὦ Ὧ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ὰ ά ὲ έ ὴ ή ὶ ί ὸ ό ὺ ύ ὼ ώ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ᾀ ᾁ ᾂ ᾃ ᾄ ᾅ ᾆ ᾇ ᾈ ᾉ ᾊ ᾋ ᾌ ᾍ ᾎ ᾏ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ᾐ ᾑ ᾒ ᾓ ᾔ ᾕ ᾖ ᾗ ᾘ ᾙ ᾚ ᾛ ᾜ ᾝ ᾞ ᾟ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ᾠ ᾡ ᾢ ᾣ ᾤ ᾥ ᾦ ᾧ ᾨ ᾩ ᾪ ᾫ ᾬ ᾭ ᾮ ᾯ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ᾰ ᾱ ᾲ ᾳ ᾴ ᾶ ᾷ Ᾰ Ᾱ Ὰ Ά ᾼ ᾽ ι ᾿ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ῀ ῁ ῂ ῃ ῄ ῆ ῇ Ὲ Έ Ὴ Ή ῌ ῍ ῎ ῏ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ῐ ῑ ῒ ΐ ῖ ῗ Ῐ Ῑ Ὶ Ί ῝ ῞ ῟ }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ῠ ῡ ῢ ΰ ῤ ῥ ῦ ῧ Ῠ Ῡ Ὺ Ύ Ῥ ῭ ΅ ` }\\
+\MakeLowercase{ ῲ ῳ ῴ ῶ ῷ Ὸ Ό Ὼ Ώ ῼ ´ ῾ }
+\selectlanguage{english}
+
+\subsection{Other Unicode Blocks}
+
+MakeUppercase works without effect on non-letter symbols and the letter shwa:
+
+\ensuregreek{
+\MakeUppercase{¨ « ¯ ´ · »}
+\MakeUppercase{ə}
+\MakeUppercase{˘a}
+\MakeUppercase{– — ‘ ’ ‰ a‌u}
+\MakeUppercase{€}
+% \MakeUppercase{Ω}
+\MakeUppercase{
+𐅄 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
+𐅅 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
+𐅆 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
+𐅇 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND
+}
+}
+
+MakeLowercase works without effect on non-letter symbols, too:
+
+\ensuregreek{
+\MakeLowercase{¨ « ¯ ´ · »}
+\MakeLowercase{ə}
+\MakeLowercase{˘A}
+\MakeLowercase{– — ‘ ’ ‰ A‌‌U}
+\MakeLowercase{€}
+% \MakeLowercase{Ω}
+\MakeLowercase{
+𐅄 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
+𐅅 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
+𐅆 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
+𐅇 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND
+}
+}
+\end{document}
+
+
+Problems with text-extraction from PDF with Kerkis:
+
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
+370 * * * * ΄ ͵ * * ι * * * ;
+380 ΄ ΅ ΄Α ΄Ε ΄Η ΄Ι ΄Ο ΄Υ ΄Ω
+390 ΐ Α Β Γ ∆ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο
+3Α0 Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί
+3Β0 ΰ α ϐ γ δ ε Ϲ η ϑ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο
+3῝0 π ϱ ς σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ
+3∆0 * * * * * * * * Ϟ Ϝ ϝ Ϝ ϝ * ϟ
+3Ε0 ϡ * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+3Φ0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+
+
+0387 GREEK ANO TELEIA missing
+03B6 zeta replaced by 03F9 GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL
+03B8 GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA replaced by 03D1 GREEK THETA SYMBOL
+03C1 GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO replaced by 03F1 GREEK RHO SYMBOL
+03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI replaced by 03D5 GREEK PHI SYMBOL
+
+
+and GFS Didot:
+
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
+370 * * * * ´ ͵ * * ι * * * ;
+380 ´ ῆ Α
+ ´ ´ ´Ε ´Η ´Ι ´Ο ´Υ ´Ω
+390 ῆ ´ι Α Β Γ ∆ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο
+3Α0 Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω ῆ
+ Ι ῆ
+ Υ ά έ ή ί
+3Β0 ῆ ´υ α β γ δ ε ζ η ϑ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο
+ 3῝0 π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ι
+ ῆ υ
+ ῆ ό ύ ώ
+3∆0 * * * * * * * * Ϛ Ϝ Ϝ * Ϟ
+3Ε0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+3Φ0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *