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+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader
+
+% Test with various LGR-encoded fonts:
+\usepackage%
+{lmodern} % uses CB Fonts for Greek
+% {gfsartemisia}
+% {gfsbaskerville}
+% [default]{gfsbodoni}
+% [default]{gfscomplutum}
+% {gfsdidot}
+% [default]{gfsneohellenic}
+% {lmodern} \usepackage{gfsporson} \renewcommand*\rmdefault{porson}
+% [default]{gfssolomos}
+% {kerkis} % lacks some chars (\Stigma, \Sampi, double quotes)
+% {teubner}
+% \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}
+
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
+% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+\newcommand{\LGR}{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont}
+\newcommand{\Latin}{\fontencoding{T1}\selectfont}
+
+% \pagestyle{empty}
+% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Test LGR font encoding definitions}
+\date{}
+\maketitle
+
+The file lgrenc.def provides a comprehensive set of macros to typeset Greek
+with LGR encoded fonts. It works for both, monotonic and polytonic Greek,
+independent of the \emph{Babel} package.
+
+\section{Symbols}
+
+See the source file lgrenc-test.tex for the macros used to access the
+symbols.
+
+\subsection{Generic text symbols}
+
+Latin:
++ - = < > -- --- \textbraceleft{} [ () ] \textbraceright{}
+%
+\textbackslash{}
+\textbar{}
+\textperthousand{}
+\textpertenthousand{}
+\textvisiblespace{}
+
+LGR:
+\LGR
++ - = \textless{} \textgreater{} -- ---
+\textbraceleft{} [ () ] \textbraceright{}
+%
+\textbackslash{} \textbar{}
+\textperthousand{}
+% \textpertenthousand{}
+\textvisiblespace{}
+\Latin (Per-mille symbol is missing in LGR.)
+
+Quotes:
+%
+\Latin \guillemotleft{}a\guillemotright{}
+\LGR \guillemotleft{}a\guillemotright{},
+%
+\Latin \textquoteleft{}a\textquoteright{}
+\LGR \textquoteleft{}a\textquoteright{},
+%
+\Latin \textquotedblleft{}a\textquotedblright{}
+\LGR \textquotedblleft{}a\textquotedblright{}
+\Latin (double quotes wrong with Kerkis fonts),
+
+\Latin \guilsinglleft{}a\guilsinglright{}
+ \quotedblbase{}a\textquotedblright{}
+Single guillemots and base-quotes are missing in LGR.
+
+
+Ligature break up: AY fi \LGR AU "i $\mapsto$
+\Latin A\textcompwordmark{}Y f\textcompwordmark i
+\LGR A\textcompwordmark{}U "\textcompwordmark i
+
+
+\Latin Spacing accent chars:
+%
+\Latin \textasciicircum a
+\LGR \textasciicircum a \textasciicircum i % using textsym glyph
+%
+\Latin \textasciitilde a
+\LGR \textasciitilde a \textasciitilde i
+%
+\Latin \textasciibreve a
+\LGR \textasciibreve a \textasciibreve i
+%
+\Latin \textasciimacron a
+\LGR \textasciimacron a \textasciimacron i
+%
+\Latin \textasciidieresis a
+\LGR \textasciidieresis a \textasciidieresis i
+%
+\Latin \textasciiacute a
+\LGR \textasciiacute a \textasciiacute i
+%
+\Latin \textasciigrave a
+\LGR \textasciigrave a \textasciigrave i
+
+\Latin Symbols for SI-units:
+\Latin 5\,\textmu{}m, 5\,k\textohm{};
+\LGR 5\,\textmu{}{\Latin m}, 5\,{\Latin k}\textohm{}
+
+\Latin Letter schwa and Euro symbol: % \textschwa (needs e.g. T3)
+\LGR \textschwa{}, \texteuro{}
+\Latin
+
+Some symbol definitions expect a Latin font. Babel's lgrenc.def defines them
+with \verb|\latintext|, however this macro is not guaranteed to be defined,
+so it should not be used in a font encoding definition file. Instead, the
+textcomp.sty package should be used to provide the symbols for all font
+encodings. (Like any other Latin character, the ``sharp s'' (\ss) is not
+save to use when LGR is the active font encoding.)
+
+Latin:
+\textcopyright{}
+\textregistered{}
+\texttrademark{}
+\SS{} (uppercase of \ss).
+
+LGR (with textcomp):
+\LGR
+\textcopyright{}
+\textregistered{}
+\texttrademark{}
+\SS{} (\Latin uppercase of \LGR \ss).
+\Latin
+
+\subsection{Greek alphabet}
+
+Greek letters via Latin transcription and LICR macros:
+
+\LGR
+\MakeUppercase{a b g d e z h j i k l m n x o p r s t u f q y w}
+
+a b g d e z h j i k l m n x o p r s c t u f q y w
+
+\textAlpha{} \textBeta{} \textGamma{} \textDelta{} \textEpsilon{}
+\textZeta{} \textEta{} \textTheta{} \textIota{} \textKappa{}
+\textLambda{} \textMu{} \textNu{} \textXi{} \textOmicron{} \textPi{}
+\textRho{} \textSigma{} \textTau{} \textUpsilon{} \textPhi{}
+\textChi{} \textPsi{} \textOmega{}
+
+\textalpha{} \textbeta{} \textgamma{} \textdelta{} \textepsilon{}
+\textzeta{} \texteta{} \texttheta{} \textiota{} \textkappa{}
+\textlambda{} \textmu{} \textnu{} \textxi{} \textomicron{} \textpi{}
+\textrho{} \textsigma{} \textvarsigma{} \texttau{} \textupsilon{}
+\textphi{} \textchi{} \textpsi{} \textomega{}
+
+
+\Latin
+
+\subsection{Additional Greek symbols}
+
+\LGR \koppa{} \Latin koppa \\ % ϟ
+\LGR \qoppa{} \Latin qoppa (archaic koppa) \\ % ϙ
+\LGR \Qoppa{} \Latin Qoppa (archaic Koppa) \\ % Ϙ
+\LGR \stigma{} \Latin stigma \\ % ϛ
+\LGR \varstigma{} \Latin varstigma \\ % no separate Unicode character
+\LGR \Stigma{} \Latin Stigma (Sigma-Tau-Ligature in CB-fonts)%
+\footnote{the name ``stigma'' originally applied to a medieval sigma-tau
+ ligature, whose shape was confusably similar to the cursive
+ digamma} \\ % Ϛ
+\LGR \sampi{} \Latin sampi \\ % ϡ
+\LGR \Sampi{} \Latin Sampi \\ % Ϡ
+\LGR \textdigamma{} \Latin textdigamma \\ % ϝ (\digamma used by amsmath!)
+\LGR \textDigamma{} \Latin textDigamma \\ % Ϝ
+% numeral signs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_numerals
+\LGR \anwtonos{} \Latin Dexia keraia \LGR (anwtonos) \\ % ʹ
+\LGR \katwtonos{} \Latin Aristeri keraia, \LGR (katwtonos) \\ % ͵
+
+\Latin Variant shapes for pi ($\varpi$), kappa (\emph{no TeX symbol
+available}), rho ($\varrho$), and theta ($\vartheta$) have no syntactic
+meaning in Greek text and are not included in the LGR encoding. Some
+Greek test fonts use variant shapes in place of the ``regular'' ones.
+
+
+\section{Diacritics}
+
+Capital Greek letters have Greek diacritics (except the dialytika) to the
+left (instead of above) and drop them in UPPERCASE. This is
+implemented for all combinations for which a pre-composed Unicode
+character exists (but not, e.g., \LGR \~A\Latin).
+
+% When a word is written entirely in capital letters, diacritics are
+% never used; the word Ἢ (or), is an exception to this rule because of
+% the need to distinguish it from the nominative feminine article Η.
+
+LaTeX standard accents (Latin, Greek, Greek Capitals)
+$\mapsto$ UPPERCASE
+
+\`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+\b{a} \c{a} \d{a} \k{a}
+$\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+\`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+\b{a} \c{a} \d{a} \k{a}
+}
+
+\LGR
+\`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+\b{a} \c{a} \d{a}
+$\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+\`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+\b{a} \c{a} \d{a}
+}
+
+\`{A} \'{A} \~{A} \"{A} \^{A} \={A} \H{A} \.{A} \r{A} \u{A} \v{A}
+\b{A} \c{A} \d{A}
+$\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+\`{A} \'{A} \~{A} \"{A} \^{A} \={A} \H{A} \.{A} \r{A} \u{A} \v{A}
+\b{A} \c{A} \d{A}
+}
+
+\Latin
+The comma-below (\verb|\k|) is not defined in LGR.
+
+Additional Greek diacritics
+
+\LGR
+\<{a} \>{e} \<\`{i} \'"i \`"i \~"i \`\>{h} \'<{o} \'>{o} \~\<{u} \~\>{w}
+$\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+\<{a} \>{e} \<\`{i} \'"i \`"i \~"i \`\>{h} \'<{o} \'>{o} \~\<{u} \~\>{w}
+}
+
+% The dialytika is not used on Initial letters ("'I \"`I \~"I)
+\<{A} \>{E} \<\`{I} \'"I \"`I \~"I \`\>{H} \'<{O} \'>{O} \~\<{U} \~\>{W}
+$\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+\<{A} \>{E} \<\`{I} \'"I \"`I \~"I \`\>{H} \'<{O} \'>{O} \~\<{U} \~\>{W}
+}
+
+\Latin Input variants and their conversion with MakeUppercase:%
+
+\begin{quote}
+\LGR
+
+\~>a \>\~a \~\>{a}, \~<a \<\~a \<~a \~\<a \~<a,
+\>\~{h} \~>h \>~h \>\~h \~>h \~>h|, \~<h \<\~h,
+\>\~i \~>i, \~<i \<\~i, \~"i \"\~i \"~i,\\
+\>\~u \~>u, \~<u \<\~u, \~"u \"\~u,
+\>w, \<w, \>\~w \~>w, \~<w \<\~w.
+
+\MakeUppercase{
+\~>a \>\~a \~\>{a}, \~<a \<\~a \<~a \~\<a \~<a,
+\>\~{h} \~>h \>~h \>\~h \~>h \~>h|, \~<h \<\~h,
+\>\~i \~>i, \~<i \<\~i, \~"i \"\~i \"~i,\\
+\>\~u \~>u, \~<u \<\~u, \~"u \"\~u,
+\>w, \<w, \>\~w \~>w, \~<w \<\~w.
+}
+
+\<{\textalpha} \>{\textepsilon} \"'{\textiota} \`>\texteta{}
+\'<{\textomicron} \~<{\textupsilon} \~>{\textomega}
+\<{\textAlpha} \>{\textEpsilon} \"{\textIota} \`>\textEta{}
+\'<{\textOmicron} \~<{\textUpsilon} \~>{\textOmega}
+\\
+\MakeUppercase{%
+ \<{\textalpha} \>{\textepsilon} \"'{\textiota} \`\>\texteta{}
+ \'<{\textomicron} \~<{\textupsilon} \~>{\textomega}.
+ \<{\textAlpha} \>{\textEpsilon} \"{\textIota} \`>\textEta{}
+ \'<{\textOmicron} \~<{\textUpsilon} \~>{\textOmega}
+}
+
+ \<'A \<\'A \'<A \'\<A $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\<'A \<\'A \'<A \'\<A}.
+
+\end{quote}
+
+\Latin The tilde character can be used in combined accents.
+However, in documents not defining the Babel language \emph{greek} or
+\emph{polutonikogreek}, it will produce a
+no-break space if converted with \verb|\MakeUppercase|:
+
+\LGR \"~i \<~i \"~u \<~u \`>u $\mapsto$
+\LGR \MakeUppercase{\"~i \<~i \"~u \<~u \`>u}
+\\
+\Latin Use the tilde-accent macro:
+\LGR \MakeUppercase{\"\~i \~"u}.
+
+\Latin Accent macros can start with \verb|\a| instead of \verb|\| when the
+short form is redefined, e.\,g. inside a \emph{tabbing} environment.
+This also works for the new-defined Dasia and Psili shortcuts:
+\LGR \a<\textalpha{} \a>\textomega.
+
+\Latin Combinations with named accents:
+\LGR \accdasia'a \accdasia`a \accdasia\~a.
+
+\Latin The dialytika must be kept in UPPERCASE, e.\,g.
+% from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=70 μαΐστρος -> ΜΑΪΣΤΡΟΣ.
+\LGR ma\"'istros $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ma\"'istros}
+\Latin or % from teubner εὐζωΐα -> ΕΥΖΩΪΑ.
+\LGR e\>uzw\'"ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{e\>uzw\'"ia}.
+
+\Latin This is implemented for all input variants of diacritics with
+dialytika:
+
+\LGR \"i \"'i \"`i \"\~i \"u \"'u \"`u \"\~u $\mapsto$
+\MakeUppercase{\"i \"'i \"`i \"\~i \"u \"'u \"`u \"\~u},
+
+\Latin but fails with \verb+\"`+ or \verb+\"'+ if the current language is
+\texttt{greek} or \texttt{polutonikogreek} (which maps \texttt{'} and
+\texttt{`} to an empty character preventing the correct placing of the
+dialytika via TextComposite definitions.
+
+Tonos and dasia mark a \emph{hiatus} (break-up of a diphthong) if
+placed on the first vowel of a diphthong ({\LGR \'ai, \'au, \'ei}). A
+dialytika must be placed on the second vowel if they are dropped: \LGR
+(\MakeUppercase{\'ai, \'au, \'ei}).
+
+% from teubner: άυλος/ΑΫΛΟΣ
+\'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'aulos},
+\>'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'aulos},
+% from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=69 μάινα -> ΜΑΪΝΑ
+m\'aina $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{m\'aina},
+% from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neugriechische_Orthographie#Das_Trema
+% κέικ, ἀυπνία/αϋπνία
+k\'eik, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{k\'eik}
+\>aupn\'ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>aupn\'ia}
+
+This fails with \verb+\>'+ if the current language is \texttt{greek} or
+\texttt{polutonikogreek} (which maps \texttt{'} to an empty character
+preventing the correct placing of the dialytika.
+
+\Latin Test the auto-hiatus feature for side-effects:
+
+\LGR \MakeUppercase{\'a b}: \Latin keep space after A.
+
+\LGR
+\newcommand\md{\textcompwordmark}
+\newcommand\MU{\MakeUppercase}
+
+ \md \MU{ AO AY AI AU RA OA UA DU} [ \\
+\<\md \MU{ \<AO \<AY \<AI \<AU \<RA \<OA U\<A D\<U} [ \\
+\>\md \MU{ \>AO \>AY \>AI \>AU \>RA \>OA U\>A D\>U} [ \\
+\>'\md\MU{ \>'AO \>'AY \>'AI \>'AU \>'RA \>'OA U\>'A D\>'U} [ \\
+\'\md \MU{ \'AO \'AY \'AI \'AU \'RA \'OA U\'A D\'U} [ \\
+\>`\md\MU{ \>`AO \>`AY \>`AI \>`AU \>`RA \>`OA U\>`A D\>`U} [ \\
+\<'\md\MU{ \<'AO \<'AY \<'AI \<'AU \<'RA \<'OA U\<'A D\<'U} [ \\
+\`\md \MU{ \`AO \`AY \`AI \`AU \`RA \`OA U\`A D\`U} [ \\
+\<`\md\MU{ \<`AO \<`AY \<`AI \<`AU \<`RA \<`OA U\<`A D\<`U} [ \\
+\~\md \MU{ \~AO \~AY \~AI \~AU \~RA \~OA U\~A D\~U} [ \\
+\~>\md\MU{ \~>AO \~>AY \~>AI \~>AU \~>RA \~>OA U\~>A D\~>U} [ \\
+\~<\md\MU{ \~<AO \~<AY \~<AI \~<AU \~<RA \~<OA U\~<A D\~<U} [ \\
+\~<\md\MU{ \~<ao \~<ay \~<ai \~<au \~<ra \~<oa u\~<a d\~<u} [ \\
+\"\md \MU{ AO AY A\"I A\"U RA OA \"UA DU} [ \\
+\"\md \MU{ \"AO \"AY \"AI \"AU \"RA \"OA U\"A D\"U} [ \\
+\"~\md\MU{ \~"AO \~"AY \~"AI \~"AU \~"RA \~"OA U\~"A D\~"U} [ \\
+
+
+\Latin
+rows 3\ldots 7: Look-ahead (to check for a hiatus) breaks kerning before A
+with Tonos or Psili.
+
+% \'AA \'AB \'AG \'AD \'AE \'AZ \'AH \'AJ \'AI \'AK \'AL \'AM \'AN \'AX
+% \'AO \'AP \'AR \'AS \'AC \'AT \'AU \'AF \'AQ \'AY \'AW
+
+rows 15 and 16: Like in any font encoding, there is no kerning for
+non-defined accent-letter-combinations (dialytica on \LGR A O D\Latin).%
+\footnote{with the Kerkis fonts, kerning is kept}
+
+The uppercase of the zero-width space at the place of ``v`` is the
+Dasia-Oxia accent~\LGR \MakeUppercase{v}\Latin , the glyph at the
+position of ``V``. It is suppressed for uppercased accents:
+
+\LGR
+\<v, \>v, \>'v, \'v, \>`v, \<'v, \`v, \<`v, \~v, \~>v, \~<v, \"v, \~"v
+$\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{
+\<v, \>v, \>'v, \'v, \>`v, \<'v, \`v, \<`v, \~v, \~>v, \~<v, \"v, \~"v
+}
+
+\Latin
+
+Downcasing should keep diacritics (of course, it cannot regenerate
+``manually" dropped ones):
+\LGR 'A \"I \"U \~"A $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{\'A \"I \"U \~"A}
+
+\end{document}