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+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+
+
+\ifdefined \UnicodeEncodingName
+ \usepackage{fontspec}
+ \setmainfont{FreeSerif}
+ % \setmainfont{Linux Libertine O}
+ \ifdefined\luatexversion
+ \newcommand*{\texengine}{LuaLaTeX}
+ \else
+ \newcommand*{\texengine}{XeLaTeX}
+ \fi
+ \newcommand*{\ux}[2]{#1}
+\else
+ \usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
+ \usepackage{lmodern}
+ \newcommand*{\texengine}{pdfLaTeX}
+ \newcommand*{\ux}[2]{#2}
+\fi
+
+
+% Load encoding definitions
+\usepackage[normalize-symbols]{textalpha} % "Greek script everywhere"
+
+% With TL22, the special handling of Greek UPPERCASE is only triggered
+% if the text language is set to "greek" with Babel:
+\usepackage[greek%.local-MakeUppercase-fixes % uncomment to test modifier
+ ,english]{babel} % babel-greek
+\languageattribute{greek}{polutoniko} % "modern" polytonic Greek
+% \languageattribute{greek}{ancient}
+
+% Babel's Greek "ini" doesn't drop diacritics input via standard accent macros
+% \usepackage[greek,english,provide*=*]{babel}
+
+\usepackage[unicode,colorlinks,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}
+\usepackage{bookmark}
+
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\setcounter{LTchunksize}{60}
+
+% don't lowercase the font encoding names (T1, LGR, ...)
+\ifdefined \AddToNoCaseChangeList % new in 2022
+ \AddToNoCaseChangeList{\fontencoding}
+\fi
+
+% Auxiliary commands
+
+\ifdefined \extrasgreek % babel-greek loaded
+ \newcommand*{\Greek}{\foreignlanguage{greek}}
+\else
+ \newcommand*{\Greek}{\ensuregreek}
+ \newcommand*{\lgrfont}{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont}
+\fi
+
+\providecommand*{\greekfontencoding}{undefined}
+
+\newcommand{\cs}[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash#1}}
+
+% print the selected language variant
+\newcommand*{\GreekLanguageVariant}{%
+ \ifx\captionsgreek\captionsancientgreek
+ ancient%
+ \else
+ \ifx\captionsgreek\captionspolutonikogreek
+ polutoniko%
+ \else
+ monotoniko%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+}
+
+% one line in a case-change test table
+\newcommand*{\Cases}[1]{%
+ & \Greek{#1} & \Greek{\MakeUppercase{#1}} & \Greek{\MakeLowercase{#1}}
+}
+
+\newcommand*{\TestUppercase}[1]{%
+ \Greek{#1 → \MakeUppercase{#1}}%
+}
+
+% % Test: pre-composed characters with LuaTeX
+% \ifdefined\luatexversion
+% \DeclareUnicodeComposite{\'}{Α} {"0386} % Ά
+% \fi
+
+% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Greek characters supported by \emph{greek-fontenc}}
+\author{Günter Milde}
+\maketitle
+
+\abstract{ \noindent This document lists all Greek characters that are
+supported by \emph{greek-fontenc}. It also tests the outcome of
+\cs{MakeUppercase} and \cs{MakeLowercase} for different input variants
+(literal input, LICR%
+ \footnote{LaTeX internal character representation}
+macro, Latin transliteration).
+
+\makeatletter
+The document is compiled with \texengine,
+format version \fmtversion{} patch-level \patch@level{},
+and the L3 programming layer from \ExplFileDate{}.
+\makeatother
+
+\ifdefined \extrasgreek % babel-greek loaded
+ The \emph{babel-greek} version is ``\csname ver@greek.ldf\endcsname''.
+\fi
+
+The \verb|\greekfontencoding| is \greekfontencoding{} and
+the current language variant is \emph\GreekLanguageVariant.
+
+}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{Input Variants}
+
+The columns represent the following input variants:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item literal character
+ \item named accent macro + LICR
+ \item short accent macro + LICR
+ \item short accent macro + \ux{literal character} % Xe/LuaTeX
+ {transliteration} % pdfTeX
+ \item \ux{short accent macro (reversed order) + literal character}
+ {accent character + transliteration}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+For composite diacritics, there are additional columns for short macros
+in reversed order and with the second diacritic as accent macro.
+
+\section{Greek and Coptic}
+
+Characters from the Greek and Coptic Unicode block that are supported by
+\emph{greek-fontenc} and \emph{greek-inputenc}:
+
+\begin{longtable}{llll}
+ x0374 \Cases{ ʹ \textdexiakeraia{} } \\
+ x0375 \Cases{ ͵ \textaristerikeraia{} } \\
+ x037A \Cases{ ͺ { }\ypogegrammeni{} { }\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{ͺ} {| |} } \\
+ 0x37E \Cases{ ; \texterotimatiko{} \texterotimatiko{} \ux{;} {? ?} } \\
+ \\
+ x0384 \Cases{ ΄ \acctonos{ } \'{ } \ux{΄} {\'{} '} } \\
+ x0385 \Cases{ ΅ \accdialytikatonos{ } \"'{ } \ux{\"'{}} {\"'{} "'} } \\
+ x0386 \Cases{ Ά \acctonos\textAlpha{} \'\textAlpha{} \ux{\'Α} {\'A 'A} } \\
+ x0387 \Cases{ · \textanoteleia{} \textanoteleia{} \ux{·} {; ;} } \\
+ x0388 \Cases{ Έ \acctonos\textEpsilon{} \'\textEpsilon{} \ux{\'Ε} {\'E 'E} } \\
+ x0389 \Cases{ Ή \acctonos\textEta{} \'\textEta{} \ux{\'Η} {\'H 'H} } \\
+ x038A \Cases{ Ί \acctonos\textIota{} \'\textIota{} \ux{\'Ι} {\'I 'I} } \\
+ x038C \Cases{ Ό \acctonos\textOmicron{} \'\textOmicron{} \ux{\'Ο} {\'O 'O} } \\
+ x038E \Cases{ Ύ \acctonos\textUpsilon{} \'\textUpsilon{} \ux{\'Υ} {\'U 'U} } \\
+ x038F \Cases{ Ώ \acctonos\textOmega{} \'\textOmega{} \ux{\'Ω} {\'W 'W} } \\
+ \\
+ x0390 \Cases{ ΐ \accdialytikatonos\textiota{} \'"\textiota{} \ux{\'"ι \"'ι \'\"ι \"\'ι} {\'"i \"'i \'\"i \"\'i '"i "'i} } \\
+ x0391 \Cases{ Α \textAlpha{} \textAlpha{} \ux{Α} {A A } } \\
+ x0392 \Cases{ Β \textBeta{} \textBeta{} \ux{Β} {B B } } \\
+ x0393 \Cases{ Γ \textGamma{} \textGamma{} \ux{Γ} {G G } } \\
+ x0394 \Cases{ Δ \textDelta{} \textDelta{} \ux{Δ} {D D } } \\
+ x0395 \Cases{ Ε \textEpsilon{} \textEpsilon{} \ux{Ε} {E E } } \\
+ x0396 \Cases{ Ζ \textZeta{} \textZeta{} \ux{Ζ} {Z Z } } \\
+ x0397 \Cases{ Η \textEta{} \textEta{} \ux{Η} {H H } } \\
+ x0398 \Cases{ Θ \textTheta{} \textTheta{} \ux{Θ} {J J } } \\
+ x0399 \Cases{ Ι \textIota{} \textIota{} \ux{Ι} {I I } } \\
+ x039A \Cases{ Κ \textKappa{} \textKappa{} \ux{Κ} {K K } } \\
+ x039B \Cases{ Λ \textLambda{} \textLambda{} \ux{Λ} {L L } } \\
+ x039C \Cases{ Μ \textMu{} \textMu{} \ux{Μ} {M M } } \\
+ x039D \Cases{ Ν \textNu{} \textNu{} \ux{Ν} {N N } } \\
+ x039E \Cases{ Ξ \textXi{} \textXi{} \ux{Ξ} {X X } } \\
+ x039F \Cases{ Ο \textOmicron{} \textOmicron{} \ux{Ο} {O O } } \\
+ \\
+ 0x3A0 \Cases{ Π \textPi{} \textPi{} \ux{Π} {P P } } \\
+ 0x3A1 \Cases{ Ρ \textRho{} \textRho{} \ux{Ρ} {R R } } \\
+ 0x3A3 \Cases{ Σ \textSigma{} \textSigma{} \ux{Σ} {S S } } \\
+ 0x3A4 \Cases{ Τ \textTau{} \textTau{} \ux{Τ} {T T } } \\
+ 0x3A5 \Cases{ Υ \textUpsilon{} \textUpsilon{} \ux{Υ} {U U } } \\
+ 0x3A6 \Cases{ Φ \textPhi{} \textPhi{} \ux{Φ} {F F } } \\
+ 0x3A7 \Cases{ Χ \textChi{} \textChi{} \ux{Χ} {Q Q } } \\
+ 0x3A8 \Cases{ Ψ \textPsi{} \textPsi{} \ux{Ψ} {Y Y } } \\
+ 0x3A9 \Cases{ Ω \textOmega{} \textOmega{} \ux{Ω} {W W } } \\
+ 0x3AA \Cases{ Ϊ \accdialytika\textIota{} \"\textIota{} \ux{\"Ι} {\"I "I } } \\
+ 0x3AB \Cases{ Ϋ \accdialytika\textUpsilon{} \"\textUpsilon{} \ux{\"Υ} {\"U "U } } \\
+ 0x3AC \Cases{ ά \acctonos\textalpha{} \'\textalpha{} \ux{\'α} {\'a 'a } } \\
+ 0x3AD \Cases{ έ \acctonos\textepsilon{} \'\textepsilon{} \ux{\'ε} {\'e 'e } } \\
+ 0x3AE \Cases{ ή \acctonos\texteta{} \'\texteta{} \ux{\'η} {\'h 'h } } \\
+ 0x3AF \Cases{ ί \acctonos\textiota{} \'\textiota{} \ux{\'ι} {\'i 'i } } \\
+ \\
+ x03B0 \Cases{ ΰ \accdialytikatonos\textupsilon{} \"'\textupsilon{} \ux{\"'υ \'"υ \'\"υ \"\'υ} {\'"u \"'u \'\"u \"\'u '"u "'u} } \\
+ x03B1 \Cases{ α \textalpha{} \textalpha{} \ux{α} {a a } } \\
+ x03B2 \Cases{ β \textbeta{} \textbeta{} \ux{β} {b b } } \\
+ x03B3 \Cases{ γ \textgamma{} \textgamma{} \ux{γ} {g g } } \\
+ x03B4 \Cases{ δ \textdelta{} \textdelta{} \ux{δ} {d d } } \\
+ x03B5 \Cases{ ε \textepsilon{} \textepsilon{} \ux{ε} {e e } } \\
+ x03B6 \Cases{ ζ \textzeta{} \textzeta{} \ux{ζ} {z z } } \\
+ x03B7 \Cases{ η \texteta{} \texteta{} \ux{η} {h h } } \\
+ x03B8 \Cases{ θ \texttheta{} \texttheta{} \ux{θ} {j j } } \\
+ x03B9 \Cases{ ι \textiota{} \textiota{} \ux{ι} {i i } } \\
+ x03BA \Cases{ κ \textkappa{} \textkappa{} \ux{κ} {k k } } \\
+ x03BB \Cases{ λ \textlambda{} \textlambda{} \ux{λ} {l l } } \\
+ x03BC \Cases{ μ \textmu{} \textmu{} \ux{μ} {m m } } \\
+ x03BD \Cases{ ν \textnu{} \textnu{} \ux{ν} {n n } } \\
+ x03BE \Cases{ ξ \textxi{} \textxi{} \ux{ξ} {x x } } \\
+ x03BF \Cases{ ο \textomicron{} \textomicron{} \ux{ο} {o o } } \\
+ \\
+ x03C0 \Cases{ π \textpi{} \textpi{} \ux{π} {p p } } \\
+ x03C1 \Cases{ ρ \textrho{} \textrho{} \ux{ρ} {r r } } \\
+ x03C2 \Cases{ ς \textfinalsigma{} \textfinalsigma{} \ux{ς} {s s } } \\
+ x03C3 \Cases{ σ \textsigma{} \textsigma{} \ux{σ} {s\textcompwordmark{} sv } } \\
+ x03C4 \Cases{ τ \texttau{} \texttau{} \ux{τ} {t t } } \\
+ x03C5 \Cases{ υ \textupsilon{} \textupsilon{} \ux{υ} {u u } } \\
+ x03C6 \Cases{ φ \textphi{} \textphi{} \ux{φ} {f f } } \\
+ x03C7 \Cases{ χ \textchi{} \textchi{} \ux{χ} {q q } } \\
+ x03C8 \Cases{ ψ \textpsi{} \textpsi{} \ux{ψ} {y y } } \\
+ x03C9 \Cases{ ω \textomega{} \textomega{} \ux{ω} {w w } } \\
+ x03CA \Cases{ ϊ \accdialytika\textiota{} \"\textiota{} \ux{\"ι} {\"i "i } } \\
+ x03CB \Cases{ ϋ \accdialytika\textupsilon{} \"\textupsilon{} \ux{\"υ} {\"u "u } } \\
+ x03CC \Cases{ ό \acctonos\textomicron{} \'\textomicron{} \ux{\'ο} {\'o 'o } } \\
+ x03CD \Cases{ ύ \acctonos\textupsilon{} \'\textupsilon{} \ux{\'υ} {\'u 'u } } \\
+ x03CE \Cases{ ώ \acctonos\textomega{} \'\textomega{} \ux{\'ω } {\'w 'w } } \\
+ \\
+ x03D0 \Cases{ ϐ \textbetasymbol } \\
+ x03D1 \Cases{ ϑ \textthetasymbol } \\
+ x03D5 \Cases{ ϕ \textphisymbol } \\
+ x03D6 \Cases{ ϖ \textpisymbol } \\
+ x03D8 \Cases{ Ϙ \textQoppa{} } \\
+ x03D9 \Cases{ ϙ \textqoppa{} } \\
+ x03DA \Cases{ Ϛ \textStigma{} } \\
+ x03DB \Cases{ ϛ \textstigma{} } \\
+ x03DC \Cases{ Ϝ \textDigamma{} } \\
+ x03DD \Cases{ ϝ \textdigamma{} } \\
+ x03DE \Cases{ Ϟ \textKoppa{} } \\
+ x03DF \Cases{ ϟ \textkoppa{} } \\
+ \\
+ x03E0 \Cases{ Ϡ \textSampi{} } \\
+ x03E1 \Cases{ ϡ \textsampi{} } \\
+ \\
+ x03F0 \Cases{ ϰ \textkappasymbol } \\
+ x03F1 \Cases{ ϱ \textrhosymbol } \\
+ x03F4 \Cases{ ϴ \textThetasymbol } \\
+ x03F5 \Cases{ ϵ \textepsilonsymbol } \\
+\end{longtable}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\section{Greek extended}
+
+\begin{longtable}{llll}
+ x1F00 \Cases{ ἀ \accpsili\textalpha{} \>\textalpha{} \ux{\>α }{\>a >a} } \\
+ x1F01 \Cases{ ἁ \accdasia\textalpha{} \<\textalpha{} \ux{\<α }{\<a <a} } \\
+ x1F02 \Cases{ ἂ \accpsilivaria\textalpha{} \>`\textalpha{} \ux{\>`α \`>α \>\`α \`\>α} {\>`a \`>a \>\`a \`\>a >`a `>a} } \\
+ x1F03 \Cases{ ἃ \accdasiavaria\textalpha{} \<`\textalpha{} \ux{\<`α \`<α \<\`α \`\<α} {\<`a \`<a \<\`a \`\<a <`a `<a} } \\
+ x1F04 \Cases{ ἄ \accpsilioxia\textalpha{} \>'\textalpha{} \ux{\>'α \'>α \>\'α \'\>α} {\>'a \'>a \>\'a \'\>a >'a '>a} } \\
+ x1F05 \Cases{ ἅ \accdasiaoxia\textalpha{} \<'\textalpha{} \ux{\<'α \'<α \<\'α \'\<α} {\<'a \'<a \<\'a \'\<a <'a '<a} } \\
+ x1F06 \Cases{ ἆ \accpsiliperispomeni\textalpha{} \~>\textalpha{} \ux{\>~α \~>α \>\~α \~\>α} {\>~a \~>a \>\~a \~\>a >~a ~>a} } \\
+ x1F07 \Cases{ ἇ \accdasiaperispomeni\textalpha{} \~<\textalpha{} \ux{\<~α \~<α \<\~α \~\<α} {\<~a \~<a \<\~a \~\<a <~a ~<a} } \\
+ x1F08 \Cases{ Ἀ \accpsili\textAlpha{} \>\textAlpha{} \ux{\>Α } {\>A >A} } \\
+ x1F09 \Cases{ Ἁ \accdasia\textAlpha{} \<\textAlpha{} \ux{\<Α } {\<A <A} } \\
+ x1F0A \Cases{ Ἂ \accpsilivaria\textAlpha{} \>`\textAlpha{} \ux{\>`Α \`>Α \>\`Α \`\>Α} {\>`A \`>A \>\`A \`\>A >`A `>A} } \\
+ x1F0B \Cases{ Ἃ \accdasiavaria\textAlpha{} \<`\textAlpha{} \ux{\<`Α \`<Α \<\`Α \`\<Α} {\<`A \`<A \<\`A \`\<A <`A `<A} } \\
+ x1F0C \Cases{ Ἄ \accpsilioxia\textAlpha{} \>'\textAlpha{} \ux{\>'Α \'>Α \>\'Α \'\>Α} {\>'A \'>A \>\'A \'\>A >'A '>A} } \\
+ x1F0D \Cases{ Ἅ \accdasiaoxia\textAlpha{} \<'\textAlpha{} \ux{\<'Α \'<Α \<\'Α \'\<Α} {\<'A \'<A \<\'A \'\<A <'A '<A} } \\
+ x1F0E \Cases{ Ἆ \accpsiliperispomeni\textAlpha{} \~>\textAlpha{} \ux{\>~Α \~>Α \>\~Α \~\>Α} {\>~A \~>A \>\~A \~\>A >~A ~>A} } \\
+ x1F0F \Cases{ Ἇ \accdasiaperispomeni\textAlpha{} \~<\textAlpha{} \ux{\<~Α \~<Α \<\~Α \~\<Α} {\<~A \~<A \<\~A \~\<A <~A ~<A} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F10 \Cases{ ἐ \accpsili\textepsilon{} \>\textepsilon{} \ux{\>ε } {\>e >e} } \\
+ x1F11 \Cases{ ἑ \accdasia\textepsilon{} \<\textepsilon{} \ux{\<ε } {\<e <e} } \\
+ x1F12 \Cases{ ἒ \accpsilivaria\textepsilon{} \>`\textepsilon{} \ux{\>`ε \`>ε \>\`ε \`\>ε} {\>`e >`e} } \\
+ x1F13 \Cases{ ἓ \accdasiavaria\textepsilon{} \<`\textepsilon{} \ux{\<`ε \`<ε \<\`ε \`\<ε} {\<`e <`e} } \\
+ x1F14 \Cases{ ἔ \accpsilioxia\textepsilon{} \>'\textepsilon{} \ux{\>'ε \'>ε \>\'ε \'\>ε} {\>'e >'e} } \\
+ x1F15 \Cases{ ἕ \accdasiaoxia\textepsilon{} \<'\textepsilon{} \ux{\<'ε \'<ε \<\'ε \'\<ε} {\<'e <'e} } \\
+ x1F18 \Cases{ Ἐ \accpsili\textEpsilon{} \>\textEpsilon{} \ux{\>Ε } {\>E >E} } \\
+ x1F19 \Cases{ Ἑ \accdasia\textEpsilon{} \<\textEpsilon{} \ux{\<Ε } {\<E <E} } \\
+ x1F1A \Cases{ Ἒ \accpsilivaria\textEpsilon{} \>`\textEpsilon{} \ux{\>`Ε \`>Ε \>\`Ε \`\>Ε} {\>`E >`E} } \\
+ x1F1B \Cases{ Ἓ \accdasiavaria\textEpsilon{} \<`\textEpsilon{} \ux{\<`Ε \`<Ε \<\`Ε \`\<Ε} {\<`E <`E} } \\
+ x1F1C \Cases{ Ἔ \accpsilioxia\textEpsilon{} \>'\textEpsilon{} \ux{\>'Ε \'>Ε \>\'Ε \'\>Ε} {\>'E >'E} } \\
+ x1F1D \Cases{ Ἕ \accdasiaoxia\textEpsilon{} \<'\textEpsilon{} \ux{\<'Ε \'<Ε \<\'Ε \'\<Ε} {\<'E <'E} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F20 \Cases{ ἠ \accpsili\texteta{} \>\texteta{} \ux{\>η } {\>h >h} } \\
+ x1F21 \Cases{ ἡ \accdasia\texteta{} \<\texteta{} \ux{\<η } {\<h <h} } \\
+ x1F22 \Cases{ ἢ \accpsilivaria\texteta{} \>`\texteta{} \ux{\>`η \`>η \>\`η \`\>η} {\>`h >`h} } \\
+ x1F23 \Cases{ ἣ \accdasiavaria\texteta{} \<`\texteta{} \ux{\<`η \`<η \<\`η \`\<η} {\<`h <`h} } \\
+ x1F24 \Cases{ ἤ \accpsilioxia\texteta{} \>'\texteta{} \ux{\>'η \'>η \>\'η \'\>η} {\>'h >'h} } \\
+ x1F25 \Cases{ ἥ \accdasiaoxia\texteta{} \<'\texteta{} \ux{\<'η \'<η \<\'η \'\<η} {\<'h <'h} } \\
+ x1F26 \Cases{ ἦ \accpsiliperispomeni\texteta{} \~>\texteta{} \ux{\>~η \~>η \>\~η \~\>η} {\>~h >~h} } \\
+ x1F27 \Cases{ ἧ \accdasiaperispomeni\texteta{} \~<\texteta{} \ux{\<~η \~<η \<\~η \~\<η} {\<~h <~h} } \\
+ x1F28 \Cases{ Ἠ \accpsili\textEta{} \>\textEta{} \ux{\>Η } {\>H >H} } \\
+ x1F29 \Cases{ Ἡ \accdasia\textEta{} \<\textEta{} \ux{\<Η } {\<H <H} } \\
+ x1F2A \Cases{ Ἢ \accpsilivaria\textEta{} \>`\textEta{} \ux{\>`Η \`>Η \>\`Η \`\>Η} {\>`H >`H} } \\
+ x1F2B \Cases{ Ἣ \accdasiavaria\textEta{} \<`\textEta{} \ux{\<`Η \`<Η \<\`Η \`\<Η} {\<`H <`H} } \\
+ x1F2C \Cases{ Ἤ \accpsilioxia\textEta{} \>'\textEta{} \ux{\'>Η \'>Η \'\>Η \'\>Η} {\>'H >'H} } \\
+ x1F2D \Cases{ Ἥ \accdasiaoxia\textEta{} \<'\textEta{} \ux{\<'Η \'<Η \<\'Η \'\<Η} {\<'H <'H} } \\
+ x1F2E \Cases{ Ἦ \accpsiliperispomeni\textEta{} \~>\textEta{} \ux{\>~Η \~>Η \>\~Η \~\>Η} {\>~H >~H} } \\
+ x1F2F \Cases{ Ἧ \accdasiaperispomeni\textEta{} \~<\textEta{} \ux{\<~Η \~<Η \<\~Η \~\<Η} {\<~H <~H} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F30 \Cases{ ἰ \accpsili\textiota{} \>\textiota{} \ux{\>ι} {\>i >i} } \\
+ x1F31 \Cases{ ἱ \accdasia\textiota{} \<\textiota{} \ux{\<ι} {\<i <i} } \\
+ x1F32 \Cases{ ἲ \accpsilivaria\textiota{} \>`\textiota{} \ux{\>`ι \`>ι} {\>`i >`i} } \\
+ x1F33 \Cases{ ἳ \accdasiavaria\textiota{} \<`\textiota{} \ux{\<`ι \`<ι} {\<`i <`i} } \\
+ x1F34 \Cases{ ἴ \accpsilioxia\textiota{} \>'\textiota{} \ux{\>'ι \'>ι} {\>'i >'i} } \\
+ x1F35 \Cases{ ἵ \accdasiaoxia\textiota{} \<'\textiota{} \ux{\<'ι \'<ι} {\<'i <'i} } \\
+ x1F36 \Cases{ ἶ \accpsiliperispomeni\textiota{} \~>\textiota{} \ux{\>~ι \~>ι} {\>~i >~i} } \\
+ x1F37 \Cases{ ἷ \accdasiaperispomeni\textiota{} \~<\textiota{} \ux{\<~ι \~<ι} {\<~i <~i} } \\
+ x1F38 \Cases{ Ἰ \accpsili\textIota{} \>\textIota{} \ux{\>Ι} {\>I >I} } \\
+ x1F39 \Cases{ Ἱ \accdasia\textIota{} \<\textIota{} \ux{\<Ι} {\<I <I} } \\
+ x1F3A \Cases{ Ἲ \accpsilivaria\textIota{} \>`\textIota{} \ux{\>`Ι \`>Ι} {\>`I >`I} } \\
+ x1F3B \Cases{ Ἳ \accdasiavaria\textIota{} \<`\textIota{} \ux{\<`Ι \`<Ι} {\<`I <`I} } \\
+ x1F3C \Cases{ Ἴ \accpsilioxia\textIota{} \>'\textIota{} \ux{\>'Ι \'>Ι} {\>'I >'I} } \\
+ x1F3D \Cases{ Ἵ \accdasiaoxia\textIota{} \<'\textIota{} \ux{\<'Ι \'<Ι} {\<'I <'I} } \\
+ x1F3E \Cases{ Ἶ \accpsiliperispomeni\textIota{} \~>\textIota{} \ux{\>~Ι \~>Ι} {\>~I >~I} } \\
+ x1F3F \Cases{ Ἷ \accdasiaperispomeni\textIota{} \~<\textIota{} \ux{\<~Ι \~<Ι} {\<~I <~I} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F40 \Cases{ ὀ \accpsili\textomicron{} \>\textomicron{} \ux{\>ο} {\>o >o} } \\
+ x1F41 \Cases{ ὁ \accdasia\textomicron{} \<\textomicron{} \ux{\<ο} {\<o <o} } \\
+ x1F42 \Cases{ ὂ \accpsilivaria\textomicron{} \>`\textomicron{} \ux{\>`ο \`>ο} {\>`o >`o} } \\
+ x1F43 \Cases{ ὃ \accdasiavaria\textomicron{} \<`\textomicron{} \ux{\<`ο \`<ο} {\<`o <`o} } \\
+ x1F44 \Cases{ ὄ \accpsilioxia\textomicron{} \>'\textomicron{} \ux{\>'ο \'>ο} {\>'o >'o} } \\
+ x1F45 \Cases{ ὅ \accdasiaoxia\textomicron{} \<'\textomicron{} \ux{\<'ο \'<ο} {\<'o <'o} } \\
+ x1F48 \Cases{ Ὀ \accpsili\textOmicron{} \>\textOmicron{} \ux{\>Ο} {\>O >O} } \\
+ x1F49 \Cases{ Ὁ \accdasia\textOmicron{} \<\textOmicron{} \ux{\<Ο} {\<O <O} } \\
+ x1F4A \Cases{ Ὂ \accpsilivaria\textOmicron{} \>`\textOmicron{} \ux{\>`Ο \`>Ο} {\>`O >`O} } \\
+ x1F4B \Cases{ Ὃ \accdasiavaria\textOmicron{} \<`\textOmicron{} \ux{\<`Ο \`<Ο} {\<`O <`O} } \\
+ x1F4C \Cases{ Ὄ \accpsilioxia\textOmicron{} \>'\textOmicron{} \ux{\>'Ο \'>Ο} {\>'O >'O} } \\
+ x1F4D \Cases{ Ὅ \accdasiaoxia\textOmicron{} \<'\textOmicron{} \ux{\<'Ο \'<Ο} {\<'O <'O} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F50 \Cases{ ὐ \accpsili\textupsilon{} \>\textupsilon{} \ux{\>υ} {\>u >u} } \\
+ x1F51 \Cases{ ὑ \accdasia\textupsilon{} \<\textupsilon{} \ux{\<υ} {\<u <u} } \\
+ x1F52 \Cases{ ὒ \accpsilivaria\textupsilon{} \>`\textupsilon{} \ux{\>`υ \`>υ} {\>`u >`u} } \\
+ x1F53 \Cases{ ὓ \accdasiavaria\textupsilon{} \<`\textupsilon{} \ux{\<`υ \`<υ} {\<`u <`u} } \\
+ x1F54 \Cases{ ὔ \accpsilioxia\textupsilon{} \>'\textupsilon{} \ux{\>'υ \'>υ} {\>'u >'u} } \\
+ x1F55 \Cases{ ὕ \accdasiaoxia\textupsilon{} \<'\textupsilon{} \ux{\<'υ \'<υ} {\<'u <'u} } \\
+ x1F56 \Cases{ ὖ \accpsiliperispomeni\textupsilon{} \~>\textupsilon{} \ux{\>~υ \~>υ} {\>~u >~u} } \\
+ x1F57 \Cases{ ὗ \accdasiaperispomeni\textupsilon{} \~<\textupsilon{} \ux{\<~υ \~<υ} {\<~u <~u} } \\
+ x1F59 \Cases{ Ὑ \accdasia\textUpsilon{} \<\textUpsilon{} \ux{\<Υ} {\<U <U} } \\
+ x1F5B \Cases{ Ὓ \accdasiavaria\textUpsilon{} \<`\textUpsilon{} \ux{\<`Υ \`<Υ} {\<`U <`U} } \\
+ x1F5D \Cases{ Ὕ \accdasiaoxia\textUpsilon{} \<'\textUpsilon{} \ux{\<'Υ \'<Υ} {\<'U <'U} } \\
+ x1F5F \Cases{ Ὗ \accdasiaperispomeni\textUpsilon{} \~<\textUpsilon{} \ux{\<~Υ \~<Υ} {\<~U <~U} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F60 \Cases{ ὠ \accpsili\textomega{} \>\textomega{} \ux{\>ω} {\>w >w} } \\
+ x1F61 \Cases{ ὡ \accdasia\textomega{} \<\textomega{} \ux{\<ω} {\<w <w} } \\
+ x1F62 \Cases{ ὢ \accpsilivaria\textomega{} \>`\textomega{} \ux{\>`ω \`>ω} {\>`w >`w} } \\
+ x1F63 \Cases{ ὣ \accdasiavaria\textomega{} \<`\textomega{} \ux{\<`ω \`<ω} {\<`w <`w} } \\
+ x1F64 \Cases{ ὤ \accpsilioxia\textomega{} \>'\textomega{} \ux{\>'ω \'>ω} {\>'w >'w} } \\
+ x1F65 \Cases{ ὥ \accdasiaoxia\textomega{} \<'\textomega{} \ux{\<'ω \'<ω} {\<'w <'w} } \\
+ x1F66 \Cases{ ὦ \accpsiliperispomeni\textomega{} \~>\textomega{} \ux{\>~ω \~>ω} {\>~w >~w} } \\
+ x1F67 \Cases{ ὧ \accdasiaperispomeni\textomega{} \~<\textomega{} \ux{\<~ω \~<ω} {\<~w <~w} } \\
+ x1F68 \Cases{ Ὠ \accpsili\textOmega{} \>\textOmega{} \ux{\>Ω} {\>W >W} } \\
+ x1F69 \Cases{ Ὡ \accdasia\textOmega{} \<\textOmega{} \ux{\<Ω} {\<W <W} } \\
+ x1F6A \Cases{ Ὢ \accpsilivaria\textOmega{} \>`\textOmega{} \ux{\>`Ω \`>Ω} {\>`W >`W} } \\
+ x1F6B \Cases{ Ὣ \accdasiavaria\textOmega{} \<`\textOmega{} \ux{\<`Ω \`<Ω} {\<`W <`W} } \\
+ x1F6C \Cases{ Ὤ \accpsilioxia\textOmega{} \>'\textOmega{} \ux{\>'Ω \'>Ω} {\>'W >'W} } \\
+ x1F6D \Cases{ Ὥ \accdasiaoxia\textOmega{} \<'\textOmega{} \ux{\<'Ω \'<Ω} {\<'W <'W} } \\
+ x1F6E \Cases{ Ὦ \accpsiliperispomeni\textOmega{} \~>\textOmega{} \ux{\>~Ω \~>Ω} {\>~W >~W} } \\
+ x1F6F \Cases{ Ὧ \accdasiaperispomeni\textOmega{} \~<\textOmega{} \ux{\<~Ω \~<Ω} {\<~W <~W} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F70 \Cases{ ὰ \accvaria\textalpha{} \`\textalpha{} \ux{\`α} {\`a `a} } \\
+ x1F71 \Cases{ ά \accoxia\textalpha{} \'\textalpha{} \ux{\'α} {\'a 'a} } \\
+ x1F72 \Cases{ ὲ \accvaria\textepsilon{} \`\textepsilon{} \ux{\`ε} {\`e `e} } \\
+ x1F73 \Cases{ έ \accoxia\textepsilon{} \'\textepsilon{} \ux{\'ε} {\'e 'e} } \\
+ x1F74 \Cases{ ὴ \accvaria\texteta{} \`\texteta{} \ux{\`η} {\`h `h} } \\
+ x1F75 \Cases{ ή \accoxia\texteta{} \'\texteta{} \ux{\'η} {\'h 'h} } \\
+ x1F76 \Cases{ ὶ \accvaria\textiota{} \`\textiota{} \ux{\`ι} {\`i `i} } \\
+ x1F77 \Cases{ ί \accoxia\textiota{} \'\textiota{} \ux{\'ι} {\'i 'i} } \\
+ x1F78 \Cases{ ὸ \accvaria\textomicron{} \`\textomicron{} \ux{\`ο} {\`o `o} } \\
+ x1F79 \Cases{ ό \accoxia\textomicron{} \'\textomicron{} \ux{\'ο} {\'o 'o} } \\
+ x1F7A \Cases{ ὺ \accvaria\textupsilon{} \`\textupsilon{} \ux{\`υ} {\`u `u} } \\
+ x1F7B \Cases{ ύ \accoxia\textupsilon{} \'\textupsilon{} \ux{\'υ} {\'u 'u} } \\
+ x1F7C \Cases{ ὼ \accvaria\textomega{} \`\textomega{} \ux{\`ω} {\`w `w} } \\
+ x1F7D \Cases{ ώ \accoxia\textomega{} \'\textomega{} \ux{\'ω} {\'w 'w} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F80 \Cases{ ᾀ \accpsili\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \>\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>a| >a|} } \\
+ x1F81 \Cases{ ᾁ \accdasia\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \<\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<a| <a|} } \\
+ x1F82 \Cases{ ᾂ \accpsilivaria\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \>`\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>`α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>`a| >`a|} } \\
+ x1F83 \Cases{ ᾃ \accdasiavaria\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \<`\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<`α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<`a| <`a|} } \\
+ x1F84 \Cases{ ᾄ \accpsilioxia\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \>'\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>'α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>'a| >'a|} } \\
+ x1F85 \Cases{ ᾅ \accdasiaoxia\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \<'\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<'α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<'a| <'a|} } \\
+ x1F86 \Cases{ ᾆ \accpsiliperispomeni\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \~>\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~>α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>~a| >~a|} } \\
+ x1F87 \Cases{ ᾇ \accdasiaperispomeni\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \~<\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~<α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<~a| <~a|} } \\
+ x1F88 \Cases{ ᾈ \accpsili\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \>\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>A| >A|} } \\
+ x1F89 \Cases{ ᾉ \accdasia\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \<\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<A| <A|} } \\
+ x1F8A \Cases{ ᾊ \accpsilivaria\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \>`\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>`Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>`A| >`A|} } \\
+ x1F8B \Cases{ ᾋ \accdasiavaria\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \<`\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<`Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<`A| <`A|} } \\
+ x1F8C \Cases{ ᾌ \accpsilioxia\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \>'\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>'Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>'A| >'A|} } \\
+ x1F8D \Cases{ ᾍ \accdasiaoxia\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \<'\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<'Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<'A| <'A|} } \\
+ x1F8E \Cases{ ᾎ \accpsiliperispomeni\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \~>\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~>Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>~A| >~A|} } \\
+ x1F8F \Cases{ ᾏ \accdasiaperispomeni\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \~<\textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~<Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<~A| <~A|} } \\
+ \\
+ x1F90 \Cases{ ᾐ \accpsili\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \>\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>h| >h|} } \\
+ x1F91 \Cases{ ᾑ \accdasia\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \<\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<h| <h|} } \\
+ x1F92 \Cases{ ᾒ \accpsilivaria\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \>`\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>`η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>`h| >`h|} } \\
+ x1F93 \Cases{ ᾓ \accdasiavaria\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \<`\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<`η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<`h| <`h|} } \\
+ x1F94 \Cases{ ᾔ \accpsilioxia\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \>'\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>'η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>'h| >'h|} } \\
+ x1F95 \Cases{ ᾕ \accdasiaoxia\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \<'\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<'η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<'h| <'h|} } \\
+ x1F96 \Cases{ ᾖ \accpsiliperispomeni\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \~>\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~>η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>~h| >~h|} } \\
+ x1F97 \Cases{ ᾗ \accdasiaperispomeni\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \~<\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~<η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<~h| <~h|} } \\
+ x1F98 \Cases{ ᾘ \accpsili\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \>\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>H| >H|} } \\
+ x1F99 \Cases{ ᾙ \accdasia\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \<\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<H| <H|} } \\
+ x1F9A \Cases{ ᾚ \accpsilivaria\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \>`\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>`Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>`H| >`H|} } \\
+ x1F9B \Cases{ ᾛ \accdasiavaria\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \<`\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<`Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<`H| <`H|} } \\
+ x1F9C \Cases{ ᾜ \accpsilioxia\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \>'\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>'Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>'H| >'H|} } \\
+ x1F9D \Cases{ ᾝ \accdasiaoxia\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \<'\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<'Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<'H| <'H|} } \\
+ x1F9E \Cases{ ᾞ \accpsiliperispomeni\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \~>\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~>Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>~H| >~H|} } \\
+ x1F9F \Cases{ ᾟ \accdasiaperispomeni\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \~<\textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~<Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<~H| <~H|} } \\
+ \\
+ x1FA0 \Cases{ ᾠ \accpsili\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \>\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>w| >w|} } \\
+ x1FA1 \Cases{ ᾡ \accdasia\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \<\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<w| <w|} } \\
+ x1FA2 \Cases{ ᾢ \accpsilivaria\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \>`\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>`ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>`w| >`w|} } \\
+ x1FA3 \Cases{ ᾣ \accdasiavaria\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \<`\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<`ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<`w| <`w|} } \\
+ x1FA4 \Cases{ ᾤ \accpsilioxia\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \>'\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>'ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>'w| >'w|} } \\
+ x1FA5 \Cases{ ᾦ \accdasiaoxia\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \<'\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<'ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<'w| <'w|} } \\
+ x1FA6 \Cases{ ᾧ \accpsiliperispomeni\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \~>\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~>ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>~w| >~w|} } \\
+ x1FA7 \Cases{ ᾥ \accdasiaperispomeni\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \~<\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~<ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<~w| <~w|} } \\
+ x1FA8 \Cases{ ᾨ \accpsili\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \>\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>W| >W|} } \\
+ x1FA9 \Cases{ ᾩ \accdasia\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \<\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<W| <W|} } \\
+ x1FAA \Cases{ ᾪ \accpsilivaria\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \>`\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>`Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>`W| >`W|} } \\
+ x1FAB \Cases{ ᾫ \accdasiavaria\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \<`\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<`Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<`W| <`W|} } \\
+ x1FAC \Cases{ ᾬ \accpsilioxia\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \>'\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\>'Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>'W| >'W|} } \\
+ x1FAD \Cases{ ᾭ \accdasiaoxia\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \<'\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\<'Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<'W| <'W|} } \\
+ x1FAE \Cases{ ᾮ \accpsiliperispomeni\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \~>\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~>Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\>~W| >~W|} } \\
+ x1FAF \Cases{ ᾯ \accdasiaperispomeni\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \~<\textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~<Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\<~W| <~W|} } \\
+ \\
+ x1FB0 \Cases{ ᾰ \u\textalpha{} \u\textalpha{} \ux{\u{α}} {\u{a} \u{a}} } \\
+ x1FB1 \Cases{ ᾱ \=\textalpha{} \=\textalpha{} \ux{\=α} {\=a \=a} } \\
+ x1FB2 \Cases{ ᾲ \accvaria\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \`\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\`α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\`a| `a|} } \\
+ x1FB3 \Cases{ ᾳ \textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{α\ypogegrammeni{}} {a| a|} } \\
+ x1FB4 \Cases{ ᾴ \accoxia\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \'\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\'α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\'a| 'a|} } \\
+ x1FB6 \Cases{ ᾶ \accperispomeni\textalpha{} \~\textalpha{} \ux{\~α} {\~a ~a} } \\
+ x1FB7 \Cases{ ᾷ \accperispomeni\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \~\textalpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~α\ypogegrammeni{}} {\~a| ~a|} } \\
+ x1FB8 \Cases{ Ᾰ \u\textAlpha{} \u\textAlpha{} \ux{\u{Α}} {\u{A} \u{A}} } \\
+ x1FB9 \Cases{ Ᾱ \=\textAlpha{} \=\textAlpha{} \ux{\=Α} {\=A \=A} } \\
+ x1FBA \Cases{ Ὰ \accvaria\textAlpha{} \`\textAlpha{} \ux{\`Α} {\`A `A} } \\
+ x1FBB \Cases{ Ά \accoxia\textAlpha{} \'\textAlpha{} \ux{\'Α} {\'A 'A} } \\
+ x1FBC \Cases{ ᾼ \textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \textAlpha\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{Α\ypogegrammeni{}} {A| A|} } \\
+ x1FBD \Cases{ ᾽ \accpsili{} \>{} \ux{\>{}} {\>{} >} } \\
+ x1FBE \Cases{ ι \prosgegrammeni{} \prosgegrammeni{} \ux{\prosgegrammeni{}} {| |} } \\
+ x1FBF \Cases{ ᾿ \accpsili{} \>{} \ux{\>{}} {\>{} >} } \\
+ \\
+ x1FC0 \Cases{ ῀ \accperispomeni{} \~{} \ux{\~{}} {\~{} ~} } \\
+ x1FC1 \Cases{ ῁ \accdialytikaperispomeni{} \"\~{} \ux{\"\~{} \~\"{}} {\"~{} "~} } \\
+ x1FC2 \Cases{ ῂ \accvaria\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \`\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\`η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\`h| `h|} } \\
+ x1FC3 \Cases{ ῃ \texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{η\ypogegrammeni{}} {h| h|} } \\
+ x1FC4 \Cases{ ῄ \accoxia\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \'\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\'η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\'h| 'h|} } \\
+ x1FC6 \Cases{ ῆ \accperispomeni\texteta{} \~\texteta{} \ux{\~η} {\~h ~h} } \\
+ x1FC7 \Cases{ ῇ \accperispomeni\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \~\texteta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~η\ypogegrammeni{}} {\~h| ~h|} } \\
+ x1FC8 \Cases{ Ὲ \accvaria\textEpsilon{} \`\textEpsilon{} \ux{\`Ε} {\`E `E} } \\
+ x1FC9 \Cases{ Έ \accoxia\textEpsilon{} \'\textEpsilon{} \ux{\'Ε} {\'E 'E} } \\
+ x1FCA \Cases{ Ὴ \accvaria\textEta{} \`\textEta{} \ux{\`Η} {\`H `H} } \\
+ x1FCB \Cases{ Ή \accoxia\textEta{} \'\textEta{} \ux{\'Η} {\'H 'H} } \\
+ x1FCC \Cases{ ῌ \textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \textEta\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{Η\ypogegrammeni{}} {H| H|} } \\
+ x1FCD \Cases{ ῍ \accpsilivaria{} \>`{} \ux{\>`{} \`>{}} {\>`{} >`} } \\
+ x1FCE \Cases{ ῎ \accpsilioxia{} \>'{} \ux{\>'{} \'>{}} {\>'{} >'} } \\
+ x1FCF \Cases{ ῏ \accpsiliperispomeni{} \~>{} \ux{\>~{} \~>{}} {\~>{} ~>} } \\
+ \\
+ x1FD0 \Cases{ ῐ \u\textiota{} \u\textiota{} \ux{\u{ι}} {\u{i} \u{i}} } \\
+ x1FD1 \Cases{ ῑ \=\textiota{} \=\textiota{} \ux{\=ι} {\=i \=i} } \\
+ x1FD2 \Cases{ ῒ \accdialytikavaria\textiota{} \`"\textiota{} \ux{\`"ι \"`ι \`\"ι \"\`ι} {\`"i `"i} } \\
+ x1FD3 \Cases{ ΐ \accdialytikatonos\textiota{} \'"\textiota{} \ux{\'"ι \"'ι \'\"ι \"\'ι} {\'"i '"i} } \\
+ x1FD6 \Cases{ ῖ \accperispomeni\textiota{} \~\textiota{} \ux{\~ι } {\~i ~i} } \\
+ x1FD7 \Cases{ ῗ \accdialytikaperispomeni\textiota{} \~"\textiota{} \ux{\~"ι \"~ι \~\"ι \"\~ι} {\~"i ~"i} } \\
+ x1FD8 \Cases{ Ῐ \u\textIota{} \u\textIota{} \ux{\u{Ι}} {\u{I} \u{I}} } \\
+ x1FD9 \Cases{ Ῑ \=\textIota{} \=\textIota{} \ux{\=Ι} {\=I \=I} } \\
+ x1FDA \Cases{ Ὶ \accvaria\textIota{} \`\textIota{} \ux{\`Ι} {\`I `I} } \\
+ x1FDB \Cases{ Ί \accoxia\textIota{} \'\textIota{} \ux{\'Ι} {\'I 'I} } \\
+ x1FDD \Cases{ ῝ \accdasiavaria{} \<`{} \ux{\<`{} \`<{}} {\<`{} <`} } \\
+ x1FDE \Cases{ ῞ \accdasiaoxia{} \<'{} \ux{\<'{} \'<{}} {\<'{} <'} } \\
+ x1FDF \Cases{ ῟ \accdasiaperispomeni{} \~<{} \ux{\<~{} \~<{}} {\~<{} ~<} } \\
+ \\
+ x1FE0 \Cases{ ῠ \u\textupsilon{} \u\textupsilon{} \ux{\u{υ}} {\u{u} } } \\
+ x1FE1 \Cases{ ῡ \=\textupsilon{} \=\textupsilon{} \ux{\=υ} {\=u } } \\
+ x1FE2 \Cases{ ῢ \accdialytikavaria\textupsilon{} \`"\textupsilon{} \ux{\`"υ \"`υ \`\"υ \"\`υ} {\`"u \"`u \`\"u \"\`u `"u "`u} } \\
+ x1FE3 \Cases{ ΰ \accdialytikatonos\textupsilon{} \'"\textupsilon{} \ux{\'"υ \"'υ \'\"υ \"\'υ} {\'"u \"'u \'\"u \"\'u '"u "'u} } \\
+ x1FE4 \Cases{ ῤ \accpsili\textrho{} \>\textrho{} \ux{\>ρ} {\>r >r } } \\
+ x1FE5 \Cases{ ῥ \accdasia\textrho{} \<\textrho{} \ux{\<ρ} {\<r <r } } \\
+ x1FE6 \Cases{ ῦ \accperispomeni\textupsilon{} \~\textupsilon{} \ux{\~υ} {\~u ~u } } \\
+ x1FE7 \Cases{ ῧ \accdialytikaperispomeni\textupsilon{} \~"\textupsilon{} \ux{\~"υ \"~υ \~\"υ \"\~υ} {\~"u \"~u \~\"u \"\~u ~"u "~u} } \\
+ x1FE8 \Cases{ Ῠ \u\textUpsilon{} \u\textUpsilon{} \ux{\u{Υ}} {\u{U} \u{U}} } \\
+ x1FE9 \Cases{ Ῡ \=\textUpsilon{} \=\textUpsilon{} \ux{\=Υ} {\=U \=U} } \\
+ x1FEA \Cases{ Ὺ \accvaria\textUpsilon{} \`\textUpsilon{} \ux{\`Υ} {\`U `U} } \\
+ x1FEB \Cases{ Ύ \accoxia\textUpsilon{} \'\textUpsilon{} \ux{\'Υ} {\'U 'U} } \\
+ x1FEC \Cases{ Ῥ \accdasia\textRho{} \<\textRho{} \ux{\<Ρ} {\<R <R} } \\
+ x1FED \Cases{ ῭ \accdialytikavaria{} \`"{} \ux{\`"{} \"`{}} {\`"{} `"} } \\
+ x1FEE \Cases{ ΅ \accdialytikatonos{} \'"{} \ux{\'"{} \"'{}} {\'"{} '"} } \\
+ x1FEF \Cases{ ` \accvaria{} \`{} \ux{\`{}} {\`{} `} } \\
+ \\
+ x1FE3 \Cases{ ῲ \accvaria\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \`\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\`ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\`w| `w|} } \\
+ x1FE4 \Cases{ ῳ \textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {w| w|} } \\
+ x1FE5 \Cases{ ῴ \accoxia\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \'\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\'ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\'w| 'w|} } \\
+ x1FE6 \Cases{ ῶ \accperispomeni\textomega{} \~\textomega{} \ux{\~ω} {\~w ~w} } \\
+ x1FE7 \Cases{ ῷ \accperispomeni\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \~\textomega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{\~ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {\~w| ~w|} } \\
+ x1FE8 \Cases{ Ὸ \accvaria\textOmicron{} \`\textOmicron{} \ux{\`Ο} {\`O `O} } \\
+ x1FE9 \Cases{ Ό \accoxia\textOmicron{} \'\textOmicron{} \ux{\'Ο} {\'O 'O} } \\
+ x1FEA \Cases{ Ὼ \accvaria\textOmega{} \`\textOmega{} \ux{\`Ω} {\`W `W} } \\
+ x1FEB \Cases{ Ώ \accoxia\textOmega{} \'\textOmega{} \ux{\'Ω} {\'W 'W} } \\
+ x1FEC \Cases{ ῼ \textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \textOmega\ypogegrammeni{} \ux{Ω\ypogegrammeni{}} {W| W|} } \\
+ x1FED \Cases{ ´ \accoxia{} \'{} \ux{\'{}} {\'{} '} } \\
+ x1FEE \Cases{ ῾ \accdasia{} \<{} \ux{\<{}} {\<{} <} }
+\end{longtable}
+
+
+\section{Discussion}
+
+\subsection{Differences between literal input and LICRs}
+
+Under pdfTeX and XeTeX, all input variants select pre-composed characters
+if possible (\href{https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/}{Unicode
+normalization} NFC).
+Under luaTeX, accent macros on a literal character are printed using
+combining diacritical marks. This leads to suboptimal placement of
+diacritics with many fonts, often resulting in illegible output.
+
+\subsubsection{Upcasing}
+
+Up to 2022, diacritics were dropped from Greek letters in UPPERCASE in any
+locale. The new \cs{MakeUppercase} implementation follows the Unicode
+standard, where dropping diacritics is a feature of the Greek locale (``el'').
+
+However, ``named'' accent macros with Greek names behave according to Greek
+typsetting rules in \emph{all} locales.
+The current implementation also drops diacritics input via standard accent
+macros in documents that declare the Greek language with Babel.
+
+Apart from the diacritical marks native to Greek itself, linguists also
+regularly mark vowel length with macrons (¯) and breves (˘).
+The length markers are used in dictionaries and textbooks
+but not part of the Greek orthography. There is no established praxis
+regarding their handling in uppercase. LaTeX keeps them but
+the \href{https://icu.unicode.org/design/case/greek-upper}{%
+Unicode reference implementation} drops them.
+
+Greek stand-alone diacritics are dropped by \cs{MakeUppercase} if input via
+accent macros (e.g. \cs{accdialytika} or \cs{'>}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{Sigma, final sigma, and ``autosigma''}
+
+There are two variants of the lower case letter \emph{sigma}.
+
+The lowercasing \ensuregreek{Σ} should select a final sigma at the end of a
+word: \ensuregreek{ΣΣ $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{ΣΣ}}.
+
+Since 2022, \cs{MakeLowercase} selects the correct sigma variant for a
+literal Sigma under Xe/LuaTeX, too.
+
+The \cs{textSigma} \emph{macro} is mapped to \verb|\textautosigma| which
+under 8-bit TeX prints the sigma variant according to its position but,
+unfortunately, fails with Unicode fonts:
+\ensuregreek{\textSigma\textSigma{} → \MakeLowercase{\textSigma\textSigma}}.
+
+In LGR, you can add a ZWNJ or use the \verb|\noboundary| macro to prevent the
+conversion to a final sigma: \ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{ΣΣ‌}}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{%
+ The one-letter word
+ \ifx\captionsgreek\captionspolutonikogreek
+ \emph{ἢ}
+ \else
+ \emph{ή}
+ \fi
+ (or)}
+
+For disambiguation, the Greek word \emph{or} (ή / ἢ) keeps diacritics in
+UPPERCASE:
+
+\TestUppercase{ή Ή ἢ Ἢ ἤ Ἤ }.\footnote{
+ TODO: The polytonic variant with dasia and oxia used in
+ ἢ … ἤ (\emph{either … or}) drops diacritics!
+ By mistake, omission, or intent?}
+
+\noindent However, eta drops diacritics if it is part of a word:
+\TestUppercase{ήτοι, Ήτοι, επιταγή ἤτοι, Ἤτοι}.%
+\footnote{TODO: It seems the test is only for whitespace on both sides:
+ \TestUppercase{ή, Ή. ἢ; Ἢ}
+ }
+
+\smallskip\noindent
+TODO: The 2022 MakeUppercase handles this for literal input.
+Currently, this feature is not supported with other input methods.
+
+
+\subsection{Case conversion if the locale is \emph{not} Greek}
+
+In order to fix upcasing for Greek, babel-greek maps standard accent macros
+to ``capital'' versions.\footnote{%
+ In case of problems, these mappings can be disabled with the
+ \texttt{local-MakeUppercase-fixes} language modifier.}
+The default expansion ensures that accents are
+kept on Latin letters: \'a \`a \~a \"a → \MakeUppercase{\'a \`a \~a \"a}.%
+\footnote{If the Language is set to Greek, this works unless the font encoding
+ is 8-bit LGR (where Latin letters are interpreted as Latin transliteration
+ anyway): \Greek{\'u \`u \~u \"u \ensureascii{\'u} →
+ \MakeUppercase{\'u \`u \~u \"u \ensureascii{\'u}}}.}
+
+Some characters from the “Greek and Coptic” and “Greek extended” Unicode
+blocks have no pre-composed uppercase equivalent. Since 2022, upcasing them
+led to compiling errors under pdfLaTeX.
+This is fixed in the 2023 LaTeX release by mapping the affected characters
+to macro representations before case conversions:
+with pdfLaTeX, diacritics are dropped from literal characters without
+pre-composed uppercase equivalent also if the text language is \emph{not}
+Greek, with Xe/LuaTeX, combining charactes are used (and may overlap with
+the base letter).
+
+ΐΰὐὒὔὖᾶᾷῆῇῒΐῖῗῢΰῤῦῧῶῷ → \MakeUppercase{ΐΰὐὒὔὖᾶᾷῆῇῒΐῖῗῢΰῤῦῧῶῷ}
+
+
+\subsection{Symbol variants}
+
+Several Greek letters have alternative representations which may have a
+different semantic in a mathematical context.
+Unicode reserves code points for the alternative representations
+(naming them ``symbol'' as opposed to ``letter'').
+Some of these symbols are available as \cs{var<name>} macros in TeX's
+mathematical mode.
+
+In text, they are considered typographical variants without special
+meaning. The 8-bit LGR font encoding does not allocate code points for them.
+\emph{Babel-greek} and the \emph{%
+\href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha-doc.pdf}
+{textalpha}} package provide the \texttt{normalize-symbols} option
+(ignored with Xe/LuaTeX) that is also used in this test document.
+
+\smallskip\noindent
+Test the handling of symbol variants in text
+
+literal letter, LICR, \cs{var<name>}, \cs{<name>symbol}, literal symbol:
+
+\newcommand{\symbolvariants}{
+ β\textbeta \textvarbeta \textbetasymbol ϐ
+ ε\textepsilon \textvarepsilon \textepsilonsymbol ϵ
+ θ\texttheta \textvartheta \textthetasymbol ϑ
+ Θ\textTheta \textvarTheta \textThetasymbol ϴ
+ κ\textkappa \textvarkappa \textkappasymbol ϰ
+ π\textpi \textvarpi \textpisymbol ϖ
+ ρ\textrho \textvarrho \textrhosymbol ϱ
+ φ\textphi \textvarphi \textphisymbol ϕ
+}
+
+\noindent
+No case change
+\begin{quote}
+ \Greek{\symbolvariants}
+\end{quote}
+%
+MakeUppercase selects the matching capital letter:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \Greek{\MakeUppercase{\symbolvariants}}
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent
+MakeLowercase selects the lowercase letter (not the symbol):
+\begin{quote}
+ \Greek{
+ \MakeLowercase{\textBeta Β \textEpsilon Ε
+ \textTheta Θ \textThetasymbol \textvarTheta ϴ
+ \textKappa Κ \textPi Π \textRho Ρ \textPhi Φ}}.
+\end{quote}
+LGR provides two lowercase variants of the archaic letter \emph{stigma}.
+Both map to GREEK LETTER STIGMA \ensuregreek{Ϛ}.
+
+The lowercase of \ensuregreek{Ϛ} is \ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{Ϛ}}
+(\verb|\textstigma|), not \verb|\textvarstigma|%
+\ifdefined \UnicodeEncodingName \else
+ (\ensuregreek\textvarstigma)%
+\fi .
+
+
+\subsection{Hiatus}
+
+Tonos and psili mark a \emph{hiatus} (break-up) if placed on
+the first of two vowels that would otherwise form a diphthong.
+A dialytika must be placed on the second vowel if they are dropped:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \TestUppercase{άι άυ έι ἄι ἄυ ἔι ἀυ} (literal)
+
+ \TestUppercase{\acctonos\textalpha\textiota{}
+ \acctonos\textalpha\textupsilon{}
+ \acctonos\textepsilon\textiota{}
+ \accpsilioxia\textalpha\textiota{}
+ \accpsilioxia\textalpha\textupsilon{}
+ \accpsilioxia\textepsilon\textiota{}
+ \accpsili\textalpha\textupsilon{}
+ } (named+LICR)
+
+ \TestUppercase{\'\textalpha\textiota{} \'\textalpha\textupsilon{}
+ \'\textepsilon\textiota{} \>'\textalpha\textiota{}
+ \>'\textalpha\textupsilon{} \>'\textepsilon\textiota{}
+ \>\textalpha\textupsilon{}
+ } (short+LICR)
+
+ \TestUppercase{\ux{\'αι \'αυ \'ει \>'αι \>'αυ \>'ει \>αυ}
+ {\'ai \'au \'ei \>'ai \>'au \>'ei \>au}
+ } (short+\ux{literal}{transliteration})
+
+ \TestUppercase{\ux{\'>αι \'>αυ \'>ει \'\>αι \'\>αυ \'\>ει}
+ {\'>ai \'>au \'>ei \'\>ai \'\>au \'\>ei}
+ } (short+\ux{literal}{transliteration}, reversed)
+\end{quote}
+The ``hiatus feature'' does not work with the LGR ``input ligatures''.
+Support for monotonic literal charactes came with the 2022
+\cs{MakeUppercase} implementation changes.
+Since 2023 it also works with polytonic literals (\TestUppercase{ἀυπνία}).
+
+% Very occasionally, one will see "internal breathings" in transliterations of
+% foreign names, e.g., \TestUppercase{Ἀβραἅμ} for Abraham.
+
+% The remainder is only relevant with 8-bit TeX:
+\ux{\end{document}}{}
+
+Test the auto-hiatus feature for side-effects:
+
+\Greek{\MakeUppercase{\'α β}} (must keep space after Α).
+
+Kerning (compare with source):
+\newcommand*\md{\textcompwordmark}
+\newcommand*\MU{\MakeUppercase}
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \selectlanguage{greek}
+ \raggedright
+ \md \MU{ AO AY AI AU RA OA UA DU} [ \\
+ \<\md \MU{ \<AO \<AY \<AI \<AU \<RA \<OA U\<A D\<U} [ \\
+ \>\md \MU{ \>AO \>AY \>AI \>AU \>RA \>OA U\>A D\>U} [ \\
+ \>'\md\MU{ \>'AO \>'AY \>'AI \>'AU \>'RA \>'OA U\>'A D\>'U} [ \\
+ \'\md \MU{ \'AO \'AY \'AI \'AU \'RA \'OA U\'A D\'U} [ \\
+ \>`\md\MU{ \>`AO \>`AY \>`AI \>`AU \>`RA \>`OA U\>`A D\>`U} [ \\
+ \<'\md\MU{ \<'AO \<'AY \<'AI \<'AU \<'RA \<'OA U\<'A D\<'U} [ \\
+ \`\md \MU{ \`AO \`AY \`AI \`AU \`RA \`OA U\`A D\`U} [ \\
+ \<`\md\MU{ \<`AO \<`AY \<`AI \<`AU \<`RA \<`OA U\<`A D\<`U} [ \\
+ \~\md \MU{ \~AO \~AY \~AI \~AU \~RA \~OA U\~A D\~U} [ \\
+ \~>\md\MU{ \~>AO \~>AY \~>AI \~>AU \~>RA \~>OA U\~>A D\~>U} [ \\
+ \~<\md\MU{ \~<AO \~<AY \~<AI \~<AU \~<RA \~<OA U\~<A D\~<U} [ \\
+ \~<\md\MU{ \~<ao \~<ay \~<ai \~<au \~<ra \~<oa u\~<a d\~<u} [ \\
+ \"\md \MU{ AO AY A\"I A\"U RA OA \"UA DU} [ \\
+ % Like in any font encoding, there is no kerning for
+ % non-defined accent-letter-combinations (dialytica on \Greek{A O D}).
+ % \"\md \MU{ \"AO \"AY \"AI \"AU \"RA \"OA U\"A D\"U} [ \\
+ % \"~\md\MU{ \~"AO \~"AY \~"AI \~"AU \~"RA \~"OA U\~"A D\~"U} [ \\
+\end{quote}
+
+Rows 3 \ldots 7: Look-ahead (to check for a hiatus) breaks kerning before
+`A' with tonos or psili.
+
+% \'AA \'AB \'AG \'AD \'AE \'AZ \'AH \'AJ \'AI \'AK \'AL \'AM \'AN \'AX
+% \'AO \'AP \'AR \'AS \'AC \'AT \'AU \'AF \'AQ \'AY \'AW
+
+Downcasing should keep diacritics (of course, it cannot regenerate
+``manually" dropped ones):
+\Greek{'A \"I \"U \~<A $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{\'A \"I \"U \~<A}}.
+
+
+\subsection{Problems with the Latin transliteration}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+ With monotonic Greek or if \cs{greekfontencoding} is not LGR, the
+ tilde \verb|~| keeps its default expansion as no-break space (NBSP) and
+ transliterations involving \verb|~| fail.
+ If the \texttt{greek} language is loaded with Babel, the tilde accent
+ \verb|\~| as well as combined accents involving the tilde work in all
+ language variants.
+
+\item
+ In order to drop accents from input using the Latin transliteration, the
+ characters ', `, \~{}, <, and > are suppressed in uppercase. This affects
+ other uses of these characters:
+ \begin{quote}
+ \TestUppercase{\lgrfont{(( ` ' ~ < > ))}}\qquad
+ \TestUppercase{\lgrfont{``x''}}
+ \end{quote}
+ Workaround: use literal typographical quote characters or ``french'' quotes:
+ \begin{quote}
+ \TestUppercase{\lgrfont{‘x’}} \qquad
+ \TestUppercase{\lgrfont{((x))}}
+ \end{quote}
+ To keep side-effects to a minimum, breathings, combined accents and
+ varia are dropped only with the language variants \emph{polutoniko}
+ or \emph{ancient} as they are not required with monotonic Greek
+ (the current language variant is \GreekLanguageVariant).
+
+\item
+ The uppercase of spacing composite diacritics including
+ a dialytika \verb|"~ "` "'| appears as apostrophe, as a single \verb|"|
+ stands for an apostrophe in the LGR transliteration if followed by a
+ space or empty character.
+
+\item
+ With the pre-2022 \cs{MakeUppercase}, the input order is important
+ in combined accents involving the dialytika, e.g.,
+ \verb|'"i "'i| is upcased \Greek{'"i "'i → \MakeUppercase{'"i "'i}}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{document}