1 files changed, 226 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/gatech-thesis/julesverne/basic/jules-verne-chapter4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/gatech-thesis/julesverne/basic/jules-verne-chapter4.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..337b05fba43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/gatech-thesis/julesverne/basic/jules-verne-chapter4.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+\chapter{Ned Land}
+
+Captain Farragut was a good seaman, worthy of the frigate he commanded.
+His vessel and he were one.  He was the soul of it.  On the question
+of the monster there was no doubt in his mind, and he would not allow
+the existence of the animal to be disputed on board.  He believed in it,
+as certain good women believe in the leviathan--by faith, not by reason.
+The monster did exist, and he had sworn to rid the seas of it.  Either Captain
+Farragut would kill the narwhal, or the narwhal would kill the captain.
+There was no third course.
+
+The officers on board shared the opinion of their chief.
+They were ever chatting, discussing, and calculating the various
+chances of a meeting, watching narrowly the vast surface of the ocean.
+More than one took up his quarters voluntarily in the cross-trees,
+who would have cursed such a berth under any other circumstances.
+As long as the sun described its daily course, the rigging was
+crowded with sailors, whose feet were burnt to such an extent by
+the heat of the deck as to render it unbearable; still the Abraham
+Lincoln had not yet breasted the suspected waters of the Pacific.
+As to the ship's company, they desired nothing better than to meet
+the unicorn, to harpoon it, hoist it on board, and despatch it.
+They watched the sea with eager attention.
+
+Besides, Captain Farragut had spoken of a certain sum of two thousand dollars,
+set apart for whoever should first sight the monster, were he cabin-boy,
+common seaman, or officer.
+
+I leave you to judge how eyes were used on board the Abraham Lincoln.
+
+\section{added section marker}
+
+For my own part I was not behind the others, and, left to no one my share
+of daily observations.  The frigate might have been called the Argus,
+for a hundred reasons.  Only one amongst us, Conseil, seemed to protest
+by his indifference against the question which so interested us all,
+and seemed to be out of keeping with the general enthusiasm on board.
+
+\begin{equation}
+E=mc^2
+\end{equation}
+
+I have said that Captain Farragut had carefully provided his
+ship with every apparatus for catching the gigantic cetacean.
+No whaler had ever been better armed.  We possessed every
+known engine, from the harpoon thrown by the hand to the barbed
+arrows of the blunderbuss, and the explosive balls of the duck-gun.
+On the forecastle lay the perfection of a breech-loading gun,
+very thick at the breech, and very narrow in the bore,
+the model of which had been in the Exhibition of 1867.
+This precious weapon of American origin could throw with ease
+a conical projectile of nine pounds to a mean distance
+of ten miles.
+
+Thus the Abraham Lincoln wanted for no means of destruction; and, what was
+better still she had on board Ned Land, the prince of harpooners.
+
+Ned Land was a Canadian, with an uncommon quickness of hand, and who knew
+no equal in his dangerous occupation.  Skill, coolness, audacity, and cunning
+he possessed in a superior degree, and it must be a cunning whale to escape
+the stroke of his harpoon.
+
+Ned Land was about forty years of age; he was a tall man
+(more than six feet high), strongly built, grave and taciturn,
+occasionally violent, and very passionate when contradicted.
+His person attracted attention, but above all the boldness
+of his look, which gave a singular expression to his face.
+
+Who calls himself Canadian calls himself French; and, little communicative
+as Ned Land was, I must admit that he took a certain liking for me.
+My nationality drew him to me, no doubt.  It was an opportunity for him
+to talk, and for me to hear, that old language of Rabelais, which is still
+in use in some Canadian provinces.  The harpooner's family was originally
+from Quebec, and was already a tribe of hardy fishermen when this town
+belonged to France.
+
+Little by little, Ned Land acquired a taste for chatting, and I
+loved to hear the recital of his adventures in the polar seas.
+He related his fishing, and his combats, with natural poetry
+of expression; his recital took the form of an epic poem,
+and I seemed to be listening to a Canadian Homer singing the Iliad
+of the regions of the North.
+
+\begin{equation}
+E=mc^2
+\end{equation}
+
+I am portraying this hardy companion as I really knew him.
+We are old friends now, united in that unchangeable friendship
+which is born and cemented amidst extreme dangers.  Ah, brave Ned!
+I ask no more than to live a hundred years longer, that I may have more
+time to dwell the longer on your memory.
+
+Now, what was Ned Land's opinion upon the question of the marine monster?
+I must admit that he did not believe in the unicorn, and was
+the only one on board who did not share that universal conviction.
+He even avoided the subject, which I one day thought it my duty
+to press upon him.  One magnificent evening, the 30th July (that is
+to say, three weeks after our departure), the frigate was abreast
+of Cape Blanc, thirty miles to leeward of the coast of Patagonia.
+We had crossed the tropic of Capricorn, and the Straits of Magellan
+opened less than seven hundred miles to the south.  Before eight
+days were over the Abraham Lincoln would be ploughing the waters
+of the Pacific.
+
+Seated on the poop, Ned Land and I were chatting of one thing
+and another as we looked at this mysterious sea, whose great
+depths had up to this time been inaccessible to the eye of man.
+I naturally led up the conversation to the giant unicorn, and examined
+the various chances of success or failure of the expedition.
+But, seeing that Ned Land let me speak without saying too much himself,
+I pressed him more closely.
+
+``Well, Ned,'' said I, ``is it possible that you are not convinced
+of the existence of this cetacean that we are following?
+Have you any particular reason for being so incredulous?''
+
+The harpooner looked at me fixedly for some moments
+before answering, struck his broad forehead with his hand
+(a habit of his), as if to collect himself, and said at last,
+``Perhaps I have, Mr. Aronnax.''
+
+``But, Ned, you, a whaler by profession, familiarised with all
+the great marine mammalia---YOU ought to be the last to doubt
+under such circumstances!''
+
+``That is just what deceives you, Professor,'' replied Ned.
+``As a whaler I have followed many a cetacean, harpooned a great number,
+and killed several; but, however strong or well-armed they may
+have been, neither their tails nor their weapons would have been
+able even to scratch the iron plates of a steamer.''
+
+``But, Ned, they tell of ships which the teeth of the narwhal
+have pierced through and through.''
+
+``Wooden ships---that is possible,'' replied the Canadian,
+``but I have never seen it done; and, until further proof,
+I deny that whales, cetaceans, or sea-unicorns could ever produce
+the effect you describe.''
+
+``Well, Ned, I repeat it with a conviction resting on the logic of facts.
+I believe in the existence of a mammal power fully organised, belonging to
+the branch of vertebrata, like the whales, the cachalots, or the dolphins,
+and furnished with a horn of defence of great penetrating power.''
+
+``Hum!'' said the harpooner, shaking his head with the air of a man
+who would not be convinced.
+
+``Notice one thing, my worthy Canadian,'' I resumed.
+``If such an animal is in existence, if it inhabits the depths
+of the ocean, if it frequents the strata lying miles below
+the surface of the water, it must necessarily possess an
+organisation the strength of which would defy all comparison.''
+
+``And why this powerful organisation?'' demanded Ned.
+
+``Because it requires incalculable strength to keep one's self
+in these strata and resist their pressure.  Listen to me.
+Let us admit that the pressure of the atmosphere is represented
+by the weight of a column of water thirty-two feet high.
+In reality the column of water would be shorter, as we are
+speaking of sea water, the density of which is greater than
+that of fresh water.  Very well, when you dive, Ned, as many
+times 32 feet of water as there are above you, so many times
+does your body bear a pressure equal to that of the atmosphere,
+that is to say, 15 lb.  for each square inch of its surface.
+It follows, then, that at 320 feet this pressure equals
+that of 10 atmospheres, of 100 atmospheres at 3,200 feet,
+and of 1,000 atmospheres at 32,000 feet, that is, about 6 miles;
+which is equivalent to saying that if you could attain this
+depth in the ocean, each square three-eighths of an inch
+of the surface of your body would bear a pressure of 5,600 lb.
+Ah! my brave Ned, do you know how many square inches you carry on
+the surface of your body?''
+
+``I have no idea, Mr. Aronnax.''
+
+``About 6,500; and as in reality the atmospheric pressure is about 15 lb.
+to the square inch, your 6,500 square inches bear at this moment a pressure
+of 97,500 lb.''
+
+``Without my perceiving it?''
+
+''Without your perceiving it.  And if you are not crushed by
+such a pressure, it is because the air penetrates the interior
+of your body with equal pressure.  Hence perfect equilibrium
+between the interior and exterior pressure, which thus neutralise
+each other, and which allows you to bear it without inconvenience.
+But in the water it is another thing.''
+
+``Yes, I understand,'' replied Ned, becoming more attentive;
+``because the water surrounds me, but does not penetrate.''
+
+``Precisely, Ned:  so that at 32 feet beneath the surface of the sea you would
+undergo a pressure of 97,500 lb.; at 320 feet, ten times that pressure;
+at 3,200 feet, a hundred times that pressure; lastly, at 32,000 feet,
+a thousand times that pressure would be 97,500,000 lb.---that is to say,
+that you would be flattened as if you had been drawn from the plates of
+a hydraulic machine!''
+
+``The devil!'' exclaimed Ned.
+
+``Very well, my worthy harpooner, if some vertebrate, several hundred
+yards long, and large in proportion, can maintain itself in such depths---of
+those whose surface is represented by millions of square inches, that is
+by tens of millions of pounds, we must estimate the pressure they undergo.
+Consider, then, what must be the resistance of their bony structure,
+and the strength of their organisation to withstand such pressure!''
+
+``Why!'' exclaimed Ned Land, ``they must be made of iron plates
+eight inches thick, like the armoured frigates.''
+
+``As you say, Ned.  And think what destruction such a mass would cause,
+if hurled with the speed of an express train against the hull of a vessel.''
+
+``Yes---certainly---perhaps,'' replied the Canadian, shaken by these figures,
+but not yet willing to give in.
+
+``Well, have I convinced you?''
+
+``You have convinced me of one thing, sir, which is that,
+if such animals do exist at the bottom of the seas, they must
+necessarily be as strong as you say.''
+
+``But if they do not exist, mine obstinate harpooner, how explain
+the accident to the Scotia?''