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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-graphics.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-graphics.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c040e588607 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-graphics.tex @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/doc/beamerug-graphics.tex,v 1.8 2004/11/01 16:18:44 tantau Exp $ + + +% Copyright 2003, 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>. +% +% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms +% of the GNU Public License, version 2. + +\section{Graphics} + + +\label{section-graphics} + +In the following, the advantages and disadvantages of different +possible ways of creating graphics for \beamer\ presentations are +discussed. Much of the information presented in the following is not +really special to \beamer, but applies to any other document class as well. + + +\subsection{Including External Graphic Files Versus Inlines Graphics} + +There are two principal ways of creating \TeX-documents that include +graphics: Either the graphic resides in an external file that is +\emph{included} or the graphic is \emph{inlined}, which means that +\TeX-file contains a bunch commands like ``draw a red line from +here to there.'' In the following, the advantages and disadvantages of +these two approaches are discussed. + +You can use an external program, like |xfig| or the Gimp, to create a +graphic. These programs have an option to \emph{export} graphic files +in a format that can then be inserted into the presentation. + +The main advantage is: +\begin{itemize} +\item + You can use a powerful program to create a high-quality graphic. +\end{itemize} + +The main disadvantages are: +\begin{itemize} +\item + You have to worry about many files. Typically there are at least + two for each presentation, namely the program's graphic data file and the + exported graphic file in a format that can be read by \TeX. +\item + Changing the graphic using the program does not automatically change + the graphic in the presentation. Rather, you must reexport the + graphic and rerun \LaTeX. +\item + It may be difficult to get the line width, fonts, and font sizes + right. +\item + Creating formulas as part of graphics is often difficult or + impossible. +\end{itemize} + +You can use all the standard \LaTeX\ commands for inserting graphics, +like |\includegraphics| (be sure to include the package +|graphics| or |graphicx|). Also, the |pgf| package offers commands for +including graphics. Either will work fine in most situations, so +choose whichever you like. Like |\pgfdeclareimage|, +|\includegraphics| also includes an image only once in a |.pdf| file, +even if it used several times (as a matter of fact, the |graphics| +package is even a bit smarter about this than |pgf|). However, +currently only |pgf| offers the ability to include images that are +partly transparent. + +At the end of this section you will find notes on how to include +specific graphic formats like |.eps| or |.jpg|. + +\lyxnote +You can use the usual ``Insert Graphic'' command to insert a graphic. + +The commands |\includegraphics|, |\pgfuseimage|, and |\pgfimage| are +overlay-specification-aware in \beamer. If the overlay specification +does not apply, the command has no effect. This is useful for creating +a simple animation where each picture of the animation resides in a +different file: + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{frame} + \includegraphics<1>[height=2cm]{step1.pdf}% + \includegraphics<2>[height=2cm]{step2.pdf}% + \includegraphics<3>[height=2cm]{step3.pdf}% +\end{frame} +\end{verbatim} + + +A different way of creating graphics is to insert +graphic drawing commands directly into your \LaTeX\ file. There are numerous +packages that help you do this. They have various degrees of +sophistication. Inlining graphics suffers from none of the +disadvantages mentioned above for including external graphic files, +but the main disadvantage is that it is often hard to use +these packages. In some sense, you ``program'' your graphics, which +requires a bit of practice. + +When choosing a graphic package, there are a few things to keep in +mind: +\begin{itemize} +\item + Many packages produce poor quality graphics. This is especially true + of the standard |picture| environment of \LaTeX. +\item + Powerful packages that produce high-quality graphics often do not + work together with |pdflatex|. +\item + The most powerful and easiest-to-use package around, namely + |pstricks|, does not work together with |pdflatex| and + this is a fundamental problem. Due to the fundamental differences + between \textsc{pdf} and PostScript, it is not possible to write a + ``|pdflatex| back-end for |pstricks|.'' +\end{itemize} + +A solution to the above problem (though not necessarily the best) is +to use the \textsc{pgf} package. It produces high-quality graphics and +works together with |pdflatex|, but also with normal +|latex|. It is not as powerful as |pstricks| (as pointed +out above, this is because of rather fundamental reasons) and not as +easy to use, but it should be sufficient in most cases. + +\lyxnote +Inlined graphics must currently by inserted in a large \TeX-mode +box. This is not very convenient. + + +\subsection{Including Graphic Files Ending \texttt{.eps} or \texttt{.ps}} + +External graphic files ending with the extension |.eps| (Encapsulated +PostScript) or |.ps| (PostScript) can be included if you use |latex| +and |dvips|, but \emph{not} when using |pdflatex|. This is true +both for the normal |graphics| package and for |pgf|. When using +|pgf|, do \emph{not} add the extension |.eps|. When using +|graphics|, do add the extension. + +If you have a |.eps| graphic and wish to use |pdflatex|, you can use +the program |ps2pdf| to convert the graphic to a |.pdf| file. Note, +however, that it is often a better idea to directly generate a |.pdf| +if the program that produced the |.eps| supports this. + + +\subsection{Including Graphic Files Ending \texttt{.pdf}, + \texttt{.jpg}, \texttt{.jpeg} or \texttt{.png}} + +The four formats |.pdf|, |.jpg|, |.jpeg|, and |.png| can only be +included by |pdflatex|. As before, do not add these extension when +using |pgf|, but do add them when using |graphics|. If your graphic +file has any of these formats and you wish/must you |latex| and +|dvips|, you have to convert your graphic to |.eps| first. + + +\subsection{Including Graphic Files Ending \texttt{.mps}} + +A graphic file ending |.mps| (MetaPost PostScript) is a special kind +of Encapsulated PostScript file. Files in this format are produced by +the MetaPost program. As you know, \TeX\ is a program that converts +simple plain text into beautifully typeset documents. The MetaPost +program is similar, only it converts simple plain text into beautiful +graphics. + +The MetaPost program converts a plain text file ending |.mp| +into an |.mps| file (although for some unfathomable reason the +extension is not added). The |.mp| file +must contain text written in the MetaFont programming language. Since +|.mps| files are actually also |.eps| files, you can use the normal +|\includegraphics| command to include them. + +However, as a special bonus, you can \emph{also} +include such a file when using |pdflatex|. Normally, |pdflatex| cannot +handle |.eps| files, but the |.mps| files produced by MetaPost have +such a simple and special structure that this is possible. The |graphics| +package implements some filters to convert such PostScript output to +\pdf\ on-the-fly. For this to work, the file should end |.mps| instead +of |.eps|. The following command can be used to make the |graphics| +package just \emph{assume} the extension |.mps| for any file it knows +nothing about (like files ending with |.1|, which is what MetaPost +loves to produce): +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareGraphicsRule{*}{mps}{*}{} +\end{verbatim} + +This special feature currently only works with the |graphics| +package, not with |pgf|. + + + +\subsection{Including Graphic Files Ending \texttt{.mmp}} + +The format |.mmp| (Multi-MetaPost) is actually not format that can be +included directly in a \TeX-file. Rather, like a |.mp| file, it first +has to be converted using the MetaPost program. The crucial difference +between |.mp| and |.mmp| is that in the latter multiple graphics +can reside in a single |.mmp| file (actually, multiple graphics can +also reside in a |.mp| file, but by convention such a file is called +|.mmp|). When running MetaPost on a |.mmp| file, it will create not a +single encapsulated PostScript file, but several, ending |.0|, |.1|, +|.2|, and so on. The idea is that |.0| might contain a main graphics +and the following pictures contain overlay material that should be +incrementally added to this graphic. + +To include the series of resulting files, you can use the command +|\multiinclude| from the |mpmulti| or from the |xmpmulti| package. How +this program works is explained in Section~\ref{section-mpmulti}. + + + + + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: "beameruserguide" +%%% End: |