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+% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/doc/beamerug-globalstructure.tex,v 1.6 2004/12/09 22:31:18 tantau Exp $
+
+% Copyright 2003, 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>.
+%
+% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+% of the GNU Public License, version 2.
+
+\section{Structuring a Presentation: The Static Global Structure}
+
+This section lists the commands that are used for structuring a
+presentation ``globally'' using commands like |\section| or
+|\part|. These commands are use to create a \emph{static} structure,
+meaning that the resulting presentation is normally presented one slide
+after the other in the order the slides occur.
+Section~\ref{section-nonlinear} explains which commands can be used to
+create the \emph{interactive} structure. For the interactive structure,
+you must interact with the presentation program, typically by clicking
+on hyperlinks, to advance the presentation.
+
+\subsection{Adding a Title Page}
+
+You can use the |\titlepage| command to insert a title page into
+a frame. By default, it will arrange the following elements on
+the title page: the document title, the author(s)'s names, their
+affiliation, a title graphic, and a date.
+
+\begin{command}{\titlepage}
+ Inserts the text of a title page into the current frame.
+ \example |\frame{\titlepage}|
+ \example |\frame[plain]{\titlepage}| for a titlepage that fills the
+ whole frame.
+
+ \lyxnote
+ If you use the ``Title'' style in your presentation, a title page is
+ automatically inserted.
+
+ \begin{element}{title page}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is invoked when the |\titlepage| command is used.
+
+ \begin{templateoptions}
+ \itemoption{default}{\oarg{alignment}}
+ The title page is typeset showing the title, followed by the
+ author, his or her affiliation, the date, and a titlegraphic. If
+ any of these are missing, they are not shown. Except for the
+ titlegraphic, if the \beamer-color |title|, |author|, |institute|,
+ or |date| is defined, respectively, it is used to as textcolor for
+ these entries. If a background color is defined for them, a
+ colored bar in the corresponding color is drawn behind them,
+ spanning the text width. The corresponding \beamer-fonts are used
+ for these entries.
+
+ The \meta{alignment} option is passed on the |beamercolorbox|
+ and can be used, for example, to flush the title page to the left
+ by specifying |left| here.
+ \end{templateoptions}
+
+ The following commands are useful for this template:
+ \begin{templateinserts}
+ \iteminsert{\insertauthor} inserts a version of the author's name
+ that is useful for the title page.
+ \iteminsert{\insertdate} inserts the date.
+ \iteminsert{\insertinstitute} inserts the institute.
+ \iteminsert{\inserttitle} inserts a version of the document title
+ that is useful for the title page.
+ \iteminsert{\insertsubtitle} inserts a version of the document title
+ that is useful for the title page.
+ \iteminsert{\inserttitlegraphic} inserts the title graphic into a
+ template.
+ \end{templateinserts}
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+For compatibility with other classes, in |article| mode the following
+command is also provided:
+
+\begin{command}{\maketitle}
+ \beamernote
+ If used inside a frame, it has the same effect as |\titlepage|. If
+ used outside a frame, it has the same effect as
+ |\frame{\titlepage}|; in other words, a frame is added if necessary.
+\end{command}
+
+
+Before you invoke the title page command, you must specify all
+elements you wish to be shown. This is done using the following
+commands:
+
+\begin{command}{\title\oarg{short title}\marg{title}}
+ The \meta{short tile} is used in headlines and footlines. Inside
+ the \meta{title} line breaks can be inserted using the
+ double-backslash command.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\title{The Beamer Class}
+\title[Short Version]{A Very Long Title\\Over Several Lines}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \articlenote
+ The short form is ignored in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\subtitle\oarg{short subtitle}\marg{subtitle}}
+ The \meta{subshort tile} is not used by default, but is available
+ via the insert |\insertshortsubtitle|. The subtitle is shown below
+ the title in a smaller font.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\title{The Beamer Class}
+\subtitle{An easily paced introduction with many examples.}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \articlenote
+ This command causes the subtitle to be appended to the title with a
+ linebreak and a |\normalsize| command issued before it. This may or
+ may not be what you would like to happen.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\author\oarg{short author names}\marg{author names}}
+ The names should be separated using the
+ command |\and|. In case authors have different affiliations,
+ they should be suffixed by the command |\inst| with different
+ parameters.
+ \example|\author[Hemaspaandra et al.]{L. Hemaspaandra\inst{1} \and T. Tantau\inst{2}}|
+
+ \articlenote
+ The short form is ignored in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\institute\oarg{short institute}\marg{institute}}
+ If more than one institute is given, they should be separated using
+ the command |\and| and they should be prefixed by the command
+ |\inst| with different parameters.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\institute[Universities of Rochester and Berlin]{
+ \inst{1}Department of Computer Science\\
+ University of Rochester
+ \and
+ \inst{2}Fakult\"at f\"ur Elektrotechnik und Informatik\\
+ Technical University of Berlin}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \articlenote
+ The short form is ignored in |article| mode. The long form is also
+ ignored, except if the document class (like |llncs|) defines it.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\date\oarg{short date}\marg{date}}
+ \example|\date{\today}| or |\date[STACS 2003]{STACS Conference, 2003}|.
+
+ \articlenote
+ The short form is ignored in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\titlegraphic\marg{text}}
+ The \meta{text} is shown as title graphic. Typically, a picture
+ environment is used as \meta{text}.
+ \example|\titlegraphic{\pgfuseimage{titlegraphic}}|
+
+ \articlenote
+ The command is ignored in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+
+
+
+\begin{command}{\subject\marg{text}}
+ Enters the \meta{text} as the subject text in the \pdf\ document
+ info. It currently has no other effect.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\keywords\marg{text}}
+ Enters the \meta{text} as keywords in the \pdf\ document
+ info. It currently has no other effect.
+\end{command}
+
+
+By default, the |\title| and |\author| commands will also insert their
+arguments into a resulting \pdf-file in the document information
+fields. This may cause problems if you use complicated things like
+boxes as arguments to these commands. In this case, you might wish to
+switch off the automatic generation of these entries using the
+following class option:
+
+\begin{classoption}{usepdftitle=false}
+ Suppresses the automatic generation of title and author entries in
+ the \pdf\ document information.
+\end{classoption}
+
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Adding Sections and Subsections}
+
+You can structure your text using the commands |\section| and
+|\subsection|. Unlike standard \LaTeX, these commands will not
+create a heading at the position where you use them. Rather, they will
+add an entry to the table of contents and also to the navigation
+bars.
+
+In order to create a line break in the table of contents (usually not
+a good idea), you can use the command |\breakhere|. Note that the
+standard command |\\| does not work (actually, I do not really know
+why; comments would be appreciated).
+
+\begin{command}{\section\sarg{mode specification}\oarg{short section name}\marg{section name}}
+ Starts a section. No heading is created. The \meta{section name}
+ is shown in the table of contents and in the navigation bars, except
+ if \meta{short section name} is specified. In this case, \meta{short
+ section name} is used in the navigation bars instead. If a
+ \meta{mode specification} is given, the command only has an effect
+ for the specified modes.
+
+ \example|\section[Summary]{Summary of Main Results}|
+
+ \articlenote
+ The \meta{mode specification} allows you to provide an alternate
+ section command in |article| mode. This is necessary for example if
+ the \meta{short section name} is unsuitable for the table of
+ contents:
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section<presentation>[Results]{Results on the Main Problem}
+\section<article>{Results on the Main Problem}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \begin{element}{section in toc}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is used when a section entry is to be typeset. For
+ the permissible \meta{options} see the parent template
+ |table of contents|.
+
+ The following commands are useful for this template:
+ \begin{templateinserts}
+ \iteminsert{\inserttocsection}
+ inserts the table of contents version of the current section name.
+
+ \iteminsert{\inserttocsectionnumber}
+ inserts the number of the current section (in the table of contents).
+ \end{templateinserts}
+ \end{element}
+
+ \begin{element}{section in toc shaded}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is used instead of the previous one if the section
+ should be shown in a shaded way, because it is not the current
+ section. For the permissible \meta{options} see the parent
+ template |table of contents|.
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\section\sarg{mode specification}\declare{|*|}\marg{section name}}
+ Starts a section without an entry in the table of contents. No
+ heading is created, but the \meta{section name} is shown in the
+ navigation bar.
+ \example|\section*{Outline}|
+ \example|\section<beamer>*{Outline}|
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\subsection\sarg{mode specification}\oarg{short
+ subsection name}\marg{subsection name}}
+ This command works the same way as the |\section| command.
+ \example|\subsection[Applications]{Applications to the Reduction of Pollution}|
+
+ \begin{element}{subsection in toc}\yes\yes\yes
+ Like |section in toc|, only for subsection.
+
+ In addition to the inserts for the |section in toc| template, the
+ following commands are available for this template:
+ \begin{templateinserts}
+ \iteminsert{\inserttocsubsection}
+ inserts the table of contents version of the current subsection
+ name.
+
+ \iteminsert{\inserttocsubsectionnumber}
+ inserts the number of the current subsection (in the table of contents).
+ \end{templateinserts}
+ \end{element}
+
+ \begin{element}{subsection in toc shaded}\yes\yes\yes
+ Like |section in toc shaded|, only for subsections.
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\subsection\sarg{mode specification}\declare{|*|}\marg{subsection name}}
+ Starts a subsection without an entry in the table of contents. No
+ heading is created, but the \meta{subsection name} is shown in the
+ navigation bar, \emph{except} if \meta{subsection name} is empty. In
+ this case, neither a table of contents entry nor a navigation bar
+ entry is created, \emph{but} any frames in this ``empty'' subsection
+ are shown in the navigation bar.
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{Summary}
+
+ \frame{This frame is not shown in the navigation bar}
+
+ \subsection*{}
+
+ \frame{This frame is shown in the navigation bar, but no subsection
+ entry is shown.}
+
+ \subsection*{A subsection}
+
+ \frame{Normal frame, shown in navigation bar. The subsection name is
+ also shown in the navigation bar, but not in the table of contents.}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\subsubsection\sarg{mode specification}\oarg{short
+ subsubsection name}\marg{subsubsection name}}
+ This command works the like |\subsection|. However, subsubsections
+ are supported less well than subsections. For example, in the table
+ of contents subsubsections are always shown with the same
+ shading/hiding parameters as the subsection.
+
+ I \emph{strongly} discourage the use of subsubsections in
+ presentations. If you do not use them, you will give a better
+ presentation.
+
+ \example|\subsubsection[Applications]{Applications to the Reduction of Pollution}|
+
+ \begin{element}{subsubsection in toc}\yes\yes\yes
+ Like |subsection in toc|, only for subsection.
+
+ In addition to the inserts for the |subsection in toc| template, the
+ following commands are available for this template:
+ \begin{templateinserts}
+ \iteminsert{\inserttocsubsubsection}
+ inserts the table of contents version of the current subsubsection
+ name.
+
+ \iteminsert{\inserttocsubsubsectionnumber}
+ inserts the number of the current subsubsection (in the table of contents).
+ \end{templateinserts}
+ \end{element}
+
+ \begin{element}{subsubsection in toc shaded}\yes\yes\yes
+ Like |subsection in toc shaded|, only for subsubsections.
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\subsection\sarg{mode specification}\declare{|*|}\marg{subsubsection name}}
+ Starts a subsection without an entry in the table of contents. No
+ heading is created, but the \meta{subsubsection name} is shown in
+ a possible sidebar.
+\end{command}
+
+Often, you may want a certain type of frame to be shown directly after
+a section or subsection starts. For example, you may wish every
+subsection to start with a frame showing the table of contents with
+the current subsection hilighted. To facilitate this, you can use the
+following commands.
+
+
+\begin{command}{\AtBeginSection\oarg{special star text}\marg{text}}
+ The given text will be inserted at the beginning of every
+ section. If the \meta{special star text} parameter is specified,
+ this text will be used for starred sections instead. Different calls
+ of this command will not ``add up'' the given texts (like the
+ |\AtBeginDocument| command does), but will overwrite any previous
+ text.
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AtBeginSection[] % Do nothing for \section*
+{
+ \begin{frame}<beamer>
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \tableofcontents[currentsection]
+ \end{frame}
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \articlenote
+ This command has no effect in |article| mode.
+
+ \lyxnote
+ You have to insert this command using a \TeX-mode text.
+\end{command}
+
+
+\begin{command}{\AtBeginSubsection\oarg{special star text}\marg{text}}
+ The given text will be inserted at the beginning of every
+ subsection. If the \meta{special star text} parameter is specified,
+ this text will be used for starred subsections instead. Different calls
+ of this command will not ``add up'' the given texts.
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AtBeginSubsection[] % Do nothing for \subsection*
+{
+ \begin{frame}<beamer>
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
+ \end{frame}
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{command}
+
+
+\begin{command}{\AtBeginSubsubsection\oarg{special star text}\marg{text}}
+ Like |\AtBeginSubsection|, only for subsubsections.
+\end{command}
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Adding Parts}
+
+If you give a long talk (like a lecture), you may wish to break up
+your talk into several parts. Each such part acts like a little ``talk
+of its own'' with its own table of contents, its own navigation bars,
+and so on. Inside one part, the sections and subsections of the other
+parts are not shown at all.
+
+To create a new part, use the |\part| command. All sections and
+subsections following this command will be ``local'' to that part.
+Like the |\section| and |\subsection| command, the |\part| command
+does not cause any frame or special text to be produced. However,
+it is often advisable for the start of a new part to use the command
+|\partpage| to insert some text into a frame that ``advertises'' the
+beginning of a new part. See |beamerexample3.tex| for an example.
+
+\begin{command}{\part\sarg{mode specification}\oarg{short part name}\marg{part name}}
+ Starts a part. The \meta{part name} will be shown when the
+ |\partpage| command is used. The \meta{shown part name} is not shown
+ anywhere by default, but it is accessible via the command
+ |\insertshortpart|.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{document}
+ \frame{\titlepage}
+
+ \section*{Outlines}
+ \subsection{Part I: Review of Previous Lecture}
+ \frame{
+ \frametitle{Outline of Part I}
+ \tableofcontents[part=1]}
+ \subsection{Part II: Today's Lecture}
+ \frame{
+ \frametitle{Outline of Part II}
+ \tableofcontents[part=2]}
+
+ \part{Review of Previous Lecture}
+ \frame{\partpage}
+ \section[Previous Lecture]{Summary of the Previous Lecture}
+ \subsection{Topics}
+ \frame{...}
+ \subsection{Learning Objectives}
+ \frame{...}
+
+ \part{Today's Lecture}
+ \frame{\partpage}
+ \section{Topic A}
+ \frame{\tableofcontents[currentsection]}
+ \subsection{Foo}
+ \frame{...}
+ \section{Topic B}
+ \frame{\tableofcontents[currentsection]}
+ \subsection{bar}
+ \frame{...}
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\partpage}
+ Works like |\titlepage|, only that the current part, not the current
+ presentation is ``advertised.''
+ \example |\frame{\partpage}|
+
+ \begin{element}{part page}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is invoked when the |\partpage| command is used.
+
+ \begin{templateoptions}
+ \itemoption{default}{\oarg{alignment}}
+ The part page is typeset showing the current part number and,
+ below, the current part title. The \beamer-color and -font
+ |part page| are used, including the background color of
+ |part page|. As for the |title page| template, the
+ \meta{alignment} option is passed on the |beamercolorbox|.
+ \end{templateoptions}
+
+ The following commands are useful for this template:
+ \begin{templateinserts}
+ \iteminsert{\insertpart}
+ inserts the current part name.
+ \iteminsert{\insertpartnumber}
+ inserts the current part number as an Arabic number into a template.
+ \iteminsert{\insertpartromannumber}
+ inserts the current part number as a Roman number into a template.
+ \end{templateinserts}
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\AtBeginPart\marg{text}}
+ The given text will be inserted at the beginning of every
+ part.
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AtBeginPart{\frame{\partpage}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{command}
+
+
+\subsection{Splitting a Course Into Lectures}
+
+When using \beamer\ with the |article| mode, you may wish to have the
+lecture notes of a whole course reside in one file. In this case, only
+a few frames are actually part of any particular lecture.
+
+The |\lecture| command makes it easy to select only a certain set of
+frames from a file to be presented. This command takes (among other
+things) a label name. If you say |\includeonlylecture| with this label
+name, then only the frames following the corresponding |\lecture|
+command are shown. The frames following other |\lecture| commands are
+suppressed.
+
+By default, the |\lecture| command has no other effect. It does not
+create any frames or introduce entries in the table of
+contents. However, you can use |\AtBeginLecture| to have \beamer\
+insert, say, a title page at the beginning of (each) lecture.
+
+\begin{command}{\lecture\oarg{short lecture name}\marg{lecture
+ name}\marg{lecture label}}
+ Starts a lecture. The \meta{lecture name} will be available via the
+ |\insertlecture| command. The \meta{short lecture name} is available
+ via the |\insertshortlecture| command.
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{document}
+\lecture{Vector Spaces}{week 1}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+...
+\section{Summary}
+
+\lecture{Scalar Products}{week 2}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+...
+\section{Summary}
+
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \articlenote
+ This command has no effect in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\includeonlylecture\meta{lecture label}}
+ Causes all |\frame|, |frame|, |\section|, |\subsection|, and |\part|
+ commands following a |\lecture| command to be suppressed, except if the
+ lecture's label matches the \meta{lecture label}. Frames before any
+ |\lecture| commands are always included. This command should be
+ given in the preamble.
+
+ \example |\includeonlylecture{week 1}|
+
+ \articlenote
+ This command has no effect in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+\begin{command}{\AtBeginLecture\marg{text}}
+ The given text will be inserted at the beginning of every
+ lecture.
+
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AtBeginLecture{\frame{\Large Today's Lecture: \insertlecture}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \articlenote
+ This command has no effect in |article| mode.
+\end{command}
+
+
+\subsection{Adding a Table of Contents}
+
+You can create a table of contents using the command
+|\tableofcontents|. Unlike the normal \LaTeX\ table of contents
+command, this command takes an optional parameter in square brackets
+that can be used to create certain special effects.
+
+\begin{command}{\tableofcontents\oarg{comma-separated option list}}
+ Inserts a table of contents into the current frame.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section*{Outline}
+\frame{\tableofcontents}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\frame{\tableofcontents[currentsection]}
+\subsection{Why?}
+\frame{...}
+\frame{...}
+\subsection{Where?}
+\frame{...}
+
+\section{Results}
+\frame{\tableofcontents[currentsection]}
+\subsection{Because}
+\frame{...}
+\subsection{Here}
+\frame{...}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ The following options can be given:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \declare{|currentsection|} causes all sections but the current to
+ be shown in a semi-transparent way. Also, all subsections but
+ those in the current section are shown in the semi-transparent
+ way. This command is a shorthand for specifying the following
+ options:
+\begin{verbatim}
+sectionstyle=show/shaded,subsectionstyle=show/show/shaded
+\end{verbatim}
+ \item
+ \declare{|currentsubsection|} causes all subsections but the
+ current subsection in the current section to be shown in a
+ semi-transparent way. This command is a shorthand for specifying
+ the option |subsectionstyle=show/shaded|.
+ \item
+ \declare{|firstsection=|\meta{section number}} specifies which
+ section should be numbered as section~``1.'' This is useful if
+ you have a first section (like an overview section) that should
+ not receive a number. Section numbers are not shown by default. To
+ show them, you must install a different table of contents
+ templates.
+ \item
+ \declare{|hideallsubsections|} causes all subsections to be
+ hidden. This command is a shorthand for specifying
+ the option |subsectionstyle=hide|.
+ \item
+ \declare{|hideothersubsections|} causes the subsections of
+ sections other than the current one to be hidden. This command is
+ a shorthand for specifying the option |subsectionstyle=show/show/hide|.
+ \item
+ \declare{|part=|\meta{part number}} causes the table of contents
+ of part \meta{part number} to be shown, instead of the table of
+ contents of the current part (which is the default). This option
+ can be combined with the other options, although combining it with
+ the |current| option obviously makes no sense.
+ \item
+ \declare{|pausesections|} causes a |\pause| command to
+ be issued before each section. This is useful if you wish to show
+ the table of contents in an incremental way.
+ \item
+ \declare{|pausesubsections|} causes a |\pause| command to
+ be issued before each subsection.
+ \item
+ \declare{|sections=|\marg{overlay specification}} causes only the
+ sections mentioned in the \meta{overlay specification} to be
+ shown. For example, \verb/sections={<2-4| handout:0>}/ causes only the second,
+ third, and fourth section to be shown in the normal version,
+ nothing to be shown in the handout version, and everything to be
+ shown in all other versions. For convenience, if you omit the
+ pointed brackets, the specification is assumed to apply to all
+ versions. Thus |sections={2-4}| causes sections two, three, and
+ four to be shown in all versions.
+ \item
+ \declare{|sectionstyle=|\meta{style for current
+ section}|/|\meta{style for other sections}} specifies how
+ sections should be displayed. Allowed \meta{styles} are |show|,
+ |shaded|, and |hide|. The first will show the section title
+ normally, the second will show it in a semi-transparent way, and
+ the third will completely suppress it. You can
+ also omit the second style, in which case the first is used for
+ all sections (this is not really useful).
+ \item
+ \declare{|subsectionstyle=|\meta{style for current
+ subsection}|/|\meta{style for other subsections in current
+ section}|/|\\\meta{style for subsections in other sections}}
+ specifies how subsections should be displayed. The same styles as
+ for the |sectionstyle| option may be given. You can omit the last
+ style, in which case the second also applies to the last, and you can
+ omit the last two, in which case the first applies to all.
+ \example |subsectionstyle=shaded| causes all subsections to be
+ shaded.
+ \example |subsectionstyle=hide| causes all subsections to be
+ hidden.
+ \example |subsectionstyle=show/shaded| causes all subsections but the
+ current subsection in the current section to be shown in a
+ semi-transparent way.
+ \example |subsectionstyle=show/show/hide| causes all
+ subsections outside the current section to be suppressed.
+ \example |subsectionstyle=show/shaded/hide| causes all
+ subsections outside the current section to be suppressed and only
+ the current subsection in the current section to be hilighted.
+ \end{itemize}
+ The last examples are useful if you do not wish to show
+ too many details when presenting the talk outline.
+
+ \articlenote
+ The options are ignored in |article| mode.
+
+ \lyxnote
+ You can give options to the |\tableofcontents| command by
+ inserting a \TeX-mode text with the options in square brackets
+ directly after the table of contents.
+
+ \begin{element}{sections/subsections in toc}\semiyes\no\no
+ This is a parent template, whose children are
+ |section in toc| and |subsection in toc|. This means that if you
+ use the |\setbeamertemplate| command on this template, the command
+ is instead called for both of these children (with the same arguments).
+
+ \begin{templateoptions}
+ \itemoption{default}{}
+ In the default setting, the sections and subsections are typeset
+ using the fonts and colors |section in toc| and
+ |subsection in toc|, though the background colors are ignored. The
+ subsections are indented.
+ \itemoption{sections numbered}{}
+ Similar to the default setting, but the section numbers are also
+ shown. The subsections are not numbered.
+ \itemoption{subsections numbered}{}
+ This time, the subsections are numbered, but not the
+ sections. Nevertheless, since the subsections are ``fully
+ numbered'' as in ``1.2'' or ``3.2,'' if every section has at least
+ one subsection, the section numbered will not really be missed.
+ \itemoption{circle}{}
+ Draws little circles before the sections. Inside
+ the circles the section number is shown. The \beamer-font and
+ color |section number projected| is used for typesetting the
+ circles, that is, the circle gets the background color and the
+ text inside the circle the foreground color.
+ \itemoption{square}{}
+ Similar to the |circle| option, except that small squares are
+ used instead of circles. Small, unnumbered squares are shown in
+ front of the subsections.
+ \itemoption{ball}{}
+ Like |square|, the only difference being the balls are used
+ instead of squares.
+ \itemoption{ball unnumbered}{}
+ Similar to |ball|, except that no numbering is used. This option
+ makes the table of contents look more like an |itemize|.
+ \end{templateoptions}
+
+ If none of the above options suits you, you have to change the
+ templates |section in toc| and |subsection in toc| directly.
+ \end{element}
+
+ \begin{element}{sections/subsections in toc shaded}\semiyes\no\no
+ A parent template with children
+ |section in toc shaded| and |subsection in toc shaded|. They are
+ used to render section and subsection entries when
+ they are currently shaded; like all non-current subsections in
+ |\tableofcontents[currentsubsection]|.
+
+ \begin{templateoptions}
+ \itemoption{default}{\oarg{opaqueness}}
+ In the default setting, the templates |section in toc shaded| and
+ |subsection in toc shaded| just show whatever the nonshaded
+ versions of these templates show, but only \meta{opaqueness}\%
+ opaque. The default is 20\%.
+
+ \example |\setbeamertemplate{table of contents shaded}[default][50]|
+ makes dimmed entries 50\% transparent.
+ \end{templateoptions}
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Adding a Bibliography}
+
+You can use the bibliography environment and the |\cite| commands
+of \LaTeX\ in a \beamer\ presentation. You will typically have to
+typeset your bibliography items partly ``by hand.'' Nevertheless, you
+\emph{can} use |bibtex| to create a ``first approximation'' of the
+bibliography. Copy the content of the file |main.bbl| into your
+presentation. If you are not familiar with |bibtex|, you may wish
+to consult its documentation. It is a powerful tool for
+creating high-quality citations.
+
+Using |bibtex| or your editor, place your bibliographic
+references in the environment |thebibliography|. This
+(standard \LaTeX) environment takes one parameter, which should be the
+longest |\bibitem| label in the following list of bibliographic
+entries.
+
+\begin{environment}{{thebibliography}\marg{longest label text}}
+ Inserts a bibliography into the current frame. The \meta{longest
+ label text} is used to determine the indentation of the list. However,
+ several predefined options for the typesetting of the bibliography
+ ignore this parameter since they replace the references by a symbol.
+
+ Inside the environment, use a (standard \LaTeX) |\bibitem| command
+ for each reference item. Inside each item, use a (standard \LaTeX)
+ |\newblock| command to separate the authors's names, the title, the
+ book/journal reference, and any notes. Each of these commands may
+ introduce a new line or color or other formatting, as specified by
+ the template for bibliographies.
+
+ The environment must be placed inside a frame. If the bibliography
+ does not fit on one frame, you should
+ split it (create a new frame and a second |thebibliography|
+ environment) or use the |allowframebreaks| option. Even better, you
+ should reconsider whether it is a good idea to present so many
+ references.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{For Further Reading}
+
+ \begin{thebibliography}{Dijkstra, 1982}
+ \bibitem[Solomaa, 1973]{Solomaa1973}
+ A.~Salomaa.
+ \newblock {\em Formal Languages}.
+ \newblock Academic Press, 1973.
+
+ \bibitem[Dijkstra, 1982]{Dijkstra1982}
+ E.~Dijkstra.
+ \newblock Smoothsort, an alternative for sorting in situ.
+ \newblock {\em Science of Computer Programming}, 1(3):223--233, 1982.
+ \end{thebibliography}
+\end{frame}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ Four templates govern the appearance of the author, title, journal,
+ and note text. These author templates are inserted before the first block
+ of the entry (the first block is all text before the first occurrence of a
+ |\newblock| command). The title template is inserted before
+ the second block (the text between the first and second occurrence
+ of |\newblock|). Likewise for the journal and note templates.
+
+ The templates are inserted \emph{before} the blocks and you do not
+ have access to the blocks themselves via insert commands. The
+ corresponding \beamer-color and -font are also installed before the
+ blocks.
+
+ \begin{element}{bibliography entry author}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is inserted before the author of a bibliography
+ entry. The color and font are also installed. Note that the effect
+ of this template will persist until the end of the bibliography
+ item or until one of the following templates undo the effect.
+
+ By default, this template does nothing. The default color is the
+ structure color.
+ \end{element}
+
+ \begin{element}{bibliography entry title}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is inserted before the title of a bibliography
+ entry (more precisely, it is inserted after the first occurrence of
+ the |\newblock| command). By default, this template starts a new
+ paragraph, causing a line break. The default color is the normal
+ text color.
+ \end{element}
+
+ \begin{element}{bibliography entry journal}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is inserted before the journal of a bibliography
+ entry (the second |\newblock|). By default, this template starts a
+ new paragraph. The default color is a slightly transparent version
+ of the structure color.
+ \end{element}
+
+
+ \begin{element}{bibliography entry note}\yes\yes\yes
+ This template is inserted before any note text at the end of a
+ bibliography entry (it is inserted before the third
+ |\newblock|). By default, this template starts a new
+ paragraph. The default color is the same as for the journal.
+ \end{element}
+\end{environment}
+
+
+\begin{command}{\bibitem\sarg{overlay specification}%
+ \oarg{citation text}\marg{label name}}
+ The \meta{citation text} is inserted into the text when the item is
+ cited using |\cite{|\meta{label name}|}| in the main presentation
+ text. For a \beamer\ presentation, this should usually be as long as
+ possible.
+
+ Use |\newblock| commands to separate the authors's names, the title, the
+ book/journal reference, and any notes. If the \meta{overlay specification}
+ is present, the entry will only be shown on the
+ specified slides.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibitem[Dijkstra, 1982]{Dijkstra1982}
+ E.~Dijkstra.
+ \newblock Smoothsort, an alternative for sorting in situ.
+ \newblock {\em Science of Computer Programming}, 1(3):223--233, 1982.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \begin{element}{bibliography item}\yes\yes\yes
+ \colorfontparents{item}
+ This template is used to render the bibliography item. Unlike
+ normal \LaTeX, the default template for the bibliography does not
+ repeat the citation text (like ``[Dijkstra, 1982]'') before each
+ item in the bibliography. Instead, a cute, small article symbol is
+ drawn. The rationale is that the audience will not be able to
+ remember any abbreviated citation texts till the end of the
+ talk.
+ \begin{templateoptions}
+ \itemoption{default}{}
+ Draws a cute little article icon as the reference. Use this for
+ journal articles, parts of books (like conference proceedings),
+ or technical reports.
+
+ \itemoption{article}{}
+ Alias for the default.
+
+ \itemoption{book}{}
+ Draws a cute little book icon as the reference. Use this for,
+ well, books.
+
+ \itemoption{triangle}{}
+ Draws a triangle as the reference. This is more in keeping with
+ the standard itemize items.
+
+ \itemoption{text}{}
+ Uses the reference text (like ``[Dijkstra, 1982]'') as the
+ reference text. Be sure you what you are doing if you use this.
+ \end{templateoptions}
+ The following insert is useful for the template:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \iteminsert{\insertbiblabel}
+ inserts the current citation label.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{element}
+\end{command}
+
+
+
+\subsection{Adding an Appendix}
+
+You can add an appendix to your talk by using the |\appendix|
+command. You should put frames and perhaps whole subsections into the
+appendix that you do not intend to show during your presentation, but
+which might be useful to answer a question. The |\appendix| command
+essentially just starts a new part named |\appendixname|. However, it
+also sets up certain hyperlinks.
+Like other parts, the appendix is kept separate of your actual
+talk.
+
+\begin{command}{\appendix\sarg{mode specification}}
+ Starts the appendix in the specified modes. All frames, all
+ |\subsection| commands, and all |\section| commands used after this
+ command will not be shown as part of the normal navigation bars.
+ \example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{document}
+\frame{\titlepage}
+\section*{Outline}
+\frame{\tableofcontents}
+\section{Main Text}
+\frame{Some text}
+\section*{Summary}
+\frame{Summary text}
+
+\appendix
+\section{\appendixname}
+\frame{\tableofcontents}
+\subsection{Additional material}
+\frame{Details}
+\frame{Text omitted in main talk.}
+\subsection{Even more additional material}
+\frame{More details}
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{command}
+
+
+
+
+%%% Local Variables:
+%%% mode: latex
+%%% TeX-master: "beameruserguide"
+%%% End: