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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/amslatex/instr-l.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/amslatex/instr-l.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..30aa283237b --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/amslatex/instr-l.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1233 @@ +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% @LaTeX-file{ +%%% filename = "instr-l.tex", +%%% version = "2.20", +%%% date = "2004/08/06", +%%% time = "16:17:21 EDT", +%%% checksum = "60855 1233 6587 50183", +%%% author = "American Mathematical Society", +%%% copyright = "Copyright 1994, 2004 American Mathematical Society, +%%% all rights reserved. Copying of this file is +%%% authorized only if either: +%%% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, +%%% including name; OR +%%% (2) if you do make changes, you first rename it +%%% to some other name.", +%%% address = "American Mathematical Society, +%%% Technical Support, +%%% Publications Technical Group, +%%% 201 Charles Street, +%%% Providence, RI 02904, +%%% USA", +%%% telephone = "401-455-4080 or (in the USA and Canada) +%%% 800-321-4AMS (321-4267)", +%%% FAX = "401-331-3842", +%%% email = "tech-support@ams.org (Internet)", +%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +%%% keywords = "latex, AMS, amslatex, ams-latex, author instructions", +%%% supported = "yes", +%%% abstract = "These are instructions for preparing documents for +%%% submission to the AMS, using amsmath and AMS LaTeX +%%% document classes.", +%%% docstring = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 checksum +%%% as the first value, followed by the equivalent of +%%% the standard UNIX wc (word count) utility output of +%%% lines, words, and characters. This is produced by +%%% Robert Solovay's checksum utility.", +%%% } +%%% ==================================================================== +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}% LaTeX 2.09 can't be used (nor non-LaTeX) +[1995/06/01]% LaTeX date must be June 1995 or later +\documentclass{amsart} + +\hyphenation{man-u-script man-u-scripts over-view pre-par-ing which-ever} + +%% Define macros for text substitution and for presentation of examples +\newcommand{\AMS}{American Mathematical Society} +\def\latex/{{\protect\LaTeX}} +\def\latexe/{{\protect\LaTeXe}} +\def\amslatex/{{\protect\AmS-\protect\LaTeX}} +\def\tex/{{\protect\TeX}} +\def\amstex/{{\protect\AmS-\protect\TeX}} +\def\bibtex/{{Bib\protect\TeX}} +\def\makeindx/{\textit{MakeIndex}} + +\newcommand{\filnam}[1]{\mbox{\texttt{\ignorespaces#1\unskip}}} +\let\fn=\filnam +\let\cls=\filnam +\let\env=\filnam +\let\pkg=\filnam +\def\opt#1{\filnam{[#1]}} + +%% For this manual, add a section number to the references header, and +%% include that section header in the contents list. +\makeatletter +\def\thebibliography#1{\section\refname + \normalfont\small\labelsep .5em\relax + \list{\@arabic\c@enumiv.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{#1.}% + \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep + \usecounter{enumiv}}% + \sloppy \clubpenalty4000\relax \widowpenalty\clubpenalty + \sfcode`\.\@m} +% +%% Turn off series logo and copyright note +\let\serieslogo@\relax +\let\@setcopyright\relax + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% Table of contents customizations + +\let\tocori=\tableofcontents +\def\tableofcontents{\tocori + \skip@\lastskip \vskip-\lastskip + \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\tocpatch}% + \vskip\skip@ \relax} + +\def\tocsection#1#2#3{% + \indentlabel{\@ifnotempty{#2}{\tocnbox{\hss#1 #2.\quad}}}#3} +\let\tocnbox=\hbox +\def\tocpatch{% + \@xp\let\csname r@tocindent2\@xp\endcsname\csname r@tocindent1\endcsname + \def\tocnbox{\hbox to\@tempdima}} +%% In this document, subsections are unnumbered, but we want an indent +%% to be used. +\def\tocsubsection#1#2#3{\hbox to\leftskip{}#3} +\def\l@subsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{.5pc}{}{}} +\makeatother + +\newdimen\exindent +\exindent=3\parindent +%% Add a high penalty to discourage line breaks within an example +%% without absolutely prohibiting them. +{\obeylines + \gdef^^M{\par\penalty9999 }% + \gdef\beginexample#1{\medskip\bgroup % + \def\(##1){\makebox[0pt]{\normalfont\mdseries##1}}% + \def~{\char`\~}\def\\{\char`\\}% + \normalfont\ttfamily\frenchspacing % + \parindent=0pt#1\leftskip=\exindent\obeylines} +}% end \obeylines +\def\endexample{\endgraf\egroup\medskip} +\newdimen\exboxwidth +\exboxwidth=3in +\def\exbox#1#2{\noindent \hangindent=\exboxwidth + \makebox[0pt][r]{\null\normalfont\mdseries#1\unskip\enspace}% + \makebox[\exboxwidth][l]{\normalfont\ttfamily\ignorespaces#2}% + \normalfont\mdseries\ignorespaces} + +\newcommand\cn[1]{\mbox{\def\\{\char`\\}% + \normalfont\ttfamily\\\ignorespaces#1\unskip}} +\let\ttcs=\cn +\newcommand\ttcsb[2]{% + \mbox{\def\\{\char`\\}% + \normalfont\ttfamily + \\begin\{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\}\ignorespaces#2\unskip}} +\newcommand\ttcse[1]{\mbox{\def\\{\char`\\}% + \normalfont\ttfamily\\end\{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\}}} +\def\{{\char`\{\relax} +\def\}{\char`\}\relax} + +%% Provide a meta-command facility; provide an alternate escape +%% character so it can be used within the verbatim environment. + +\catcode`\|=0 +\begingroup \catcode`\>=13 % in LaTeX2e verbatim env makes > active +\gdef\?#1>{{\normalfont$\langle$\textup{#1}$\rangle$}} +\gdef\0{\relax} +\endgroup +\def\<#1>{{\normalfont$\langle$\textup{#1}$\rangle$}} +\newcommand{\Dimen}{\<dimen>} +\newcommand{\tab}{\textsc{tab}} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +%% Provide a dummy titlepage, saving maketitle for the article title. +%% Table of contents goes onto the inside front cover. + +\def\instrversion{2.20} +\def\instrdate{August 2004} + +\begin{document} + +\thispagestyle{empty} +\vspace*{1.5in} +\begin{center} + {\huge\bfseries Instructions\\[2pt] for Preparation\\[2pt] + of Papers\\[2pt] and Monographs + \par\vspace{\baselineskip} + \amslatex/ + \par} + \vspace{3\baselineskip} + \Large + Version \instrversion\\[4pt] \instrdate +\end{center} +\newpage + +\thispagestyle{empty} +\tableofcontents +\newpage + +\setcounter{page}{1} + +\title [ELECTRONIC MANUSCRIPTS: \amslatex/] + {Instructions for Preparation\\ + of Papers and Monographs: \amslatex/} +\dedicatory{% + \mbox{\normalfont\mdseries\small Version \instrversion: \instrdate}} + +\maketitle + +\section{Introduction} + +This manual is directed mainly to authors preparing material for +publication by the AMS, using \amslatex/ document classes. As such, +it deals with the AMS publishing style. Since these document classes +are also used by authors who are not submitting items to the AMS, +the manual also covers topics of more general relevance. However, it +assumes familiarity with standard \latex/ techniques and conventions, +and contains only material specific to AMS packages. + +Links to information useful in preparing manuscripts and graphics +can be found on the AMS Author Resource Center web page \cite{ARC}\@. +That information supplements this manual, and we recommend that you +review it. + +The AMS produces three major types of publications: journals (both +print and electronic), proceedings volumes, and monographs. There +is a core AMS document class for each: \cls{amsart}, \cls{amsproc} +and \cls{amsbook}, respectively. For most journals or book series, +there is a specific author package, based on one of the core classes. +If the specific publication is known, the appropriate author package +should be obtained from the AMS web server \cite{AP} and used for +preparation of manuscripts. In addition, there is a separate package +for editors of proceedings volumes \cite{EP}, with facilities for +preparing material that does not fit into the normal ``article'' +category. + +If the specific publication is not known, an appropriate generic AMS +document class can be used: + +\begin{itemize} +\item \pkg{gen-j-l} for journal articles (based on \pkg{amsart}) +\item \pkg{gen-p-l} for articles in book proceedings (based on \pkg{amsproc}) +\item \pkg{gen-m-l} for monographs (based on \pkg{amsbook}) +\end{itemize} + +The tagging of elements in a manuscript---title, author(s), section +headings, theorems, etc.--- is consistent through all author packages. +Thus a manuscript prepared using the appropriate generic document +class can be modified trivially to use the specific package, simply by +updating the \cn{documentclass} statement. For example, to specify +the \textit{Contemporary Mathematics} proceedings series: +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{conm-p-l} +\end{verbatim} + +Each author package contains an electronic version of this manual, +class files, sample documents, and a \texttt{README} file that +contains information about each of the files in the package. + +When an AMS author package is used, both \latex/ and a recent version +of \amslatex/ must be installed on the computer being used for +manuscript preparation. The AMS Author Resource Center web page +\cite{ARC} has a link to download the most recent version of +\amslatex/. The version number appears at the top of the file +\pkg{amsmath.sty} (and other files in the collection), and is also +reported in the log file of a \latex/ run; make sure you have +version 2.0 or later. + +\section{Article preparation} + +We first address articles intended for journals and proceedings. +Monographs are addressed in a separate section (see +page~\pageref{s:mono}). + +\subsection*{Starting a new article}\label{ss:newamsart} +%% +Individual articles generally have the following structure: +\begin{itemize} +\item \verb+\documentclass{...}+ +\item preamble (for document-specific customizations) +\item \verb+\begin{document}+ +\item top matter information +\item \verb+\maketitle+ (to set the top matter) +\item article body +\item reference list +\item \verb+\end{document}+ +\end{itemize} +A detailed template file (included in each package) provides +a complete set of commands for the article top matter, and the +instructions for using them. The most efficient way to start a +new article is to make a copy of the template and fill it in. + + +\section{The preamble} + +The area between the \verb+\documentclass+ statement and the line +\verb+\begin{document}+ is referred to as the ``preamble''. This is +the place to load external packages and define document-specific +commands. + +Available \cn{documentclass} options are described in the file +\filnam{amsclass.dtx}. Process this file with \latex/ to obtain a +version with human-readable documentation. One option does need to +be mentioned here: \opt{psamsfonts}; include this option as +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[psamsfonts]{...} +\end{verbatim} +to ensure correct sizing of fonts in environments other than normal text. + +\subsection*{Packages} +%% +The AMS document classes incorporate the code for the AMS theorem +(\pkg{amsthm}) package and automatically load the \pkg{amsmath} +package. It is not necessary to request either one explicitly. +The user guides for these packages \cite{ATP,AMP} contain the details, +which will not be repeated here. The \pkg{amsfonts} package is loaded +as well, unless the \opt{noamsfonts} option is specified; see the +AMSFonts User's Guide \cite{AFG} for the features provided. + +Not all publicly available packages are compatible with the AMS +document classes. For this reason, we mention some that are: +\begin{itemize} +\item \pkg{amssymb} provides names for additional symbols from the + AMS symbol fonts; see \cite{AFG} for details. +\item \pkg{amsmidx} supports multiple indexes for a book; see + page~\pageref{ss:indexing}. +\item \pkg{graphicx} is part of the \latex/ suite, preferred for + inclusion of graphics. +\item \pkg{longtable} facilitates tables longer than one page. +\item \pkg{upref} forces cross-references with \cn{ref} to roman; + see ``Roman type'', page~\pageref{ss:roman}. +\item \pkg{xypic} is recommended for creating commutative diagrams. +\end{itemize} + +There are several packages that cause particular problems for AMS +production. Their use should be avoided if possible: +\begin{itemize} +\item \pkg{psfrag}, for applying labels externally to included graphics, + may result in a PostScript that can't be converted properly to PDF. +\item \pkg{epsfig} has been superseded by \pkg{graphicx}. +\end{itemize} + +Don't load any packages that aren't actually needed. + + +\subsection*{New commands} +%% +Place all definitions for new commands in the preamble. This includes +instructions to access fonts that are not already defined in the AMS +document classes or \pkg{amsmath}, such as a new math alphabet (see +\cite{AMP}). + +Always use \cn{newcommand}; this will let you know if the name you +have chosen has already been used. Do not redefine any command from +\latex/, \pkg{amsmath}, or any AMS document class, as this could cause +problems in AMS production. New definitions may be used to provide +shorthand forms for mathematical expressions that are used frequently, +but do not use new definitions for text; for articles posted on-line, +this will prevent indexing software from identifying relevant +references. + +Use commands and environments provided by the AMS document classes +and standard packages whenever applicable---for example, you should +use the AMS \env{proof} environment rather than define your own +alternative. + +When the file is complete, remove any commands that haven't been used. + + +\section{Top matter}\label{s:topmatter} + +The top matter associated with an article includes information that +would appear in a bibliographic reference to the paper, plus additional +information about the author(s), subject classifications, key words, +acknowledgments of support, and the abstract. + + +\subsection*{Summary of tags and elements} +%% +Table 1 lists the top matter commands provided by \amslatex/ +version 2.0 and later. Not every tag is necessary for each paper. +The table shows which tags are necessary and which are optional. +Requirements for monographs are somewhat different and are described +later. The template file included in every author package contains +all the necessary tags and instructions for using them. + +\begin{table}[ht] +\caption{Top matter tags} +\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{amsart} +|?preamble commands, such as |ttcs|bgroup|0newcommand|egroup, etc.> + +\begin{document} +\end{verbatim} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lcc} +\ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Required by}\\ +\ & Journals & Books \\ +\verb+\title[...]{...}+ & yes\rlap{${}^1$} & yes\rlap{${}^1$} \\ + +\verb+\author[...]{...}+ & yes\rlap{${}^1$} & yes\rlap{${}^1$} \\ +\verb+\contrib[...]{...}+ & no\rlap{${}^2$} & --- \\ +\verb+\address{...}+ & yes & yes \\ +\verb+\curraddr{...}+ & no & no \\ +\verb+\email{...}+ & no & no \\ +\verb+\urladdr{...}+ & no & no \\ +\verb+\dedicatory{...}+ & no & no \\ +\verb+\date{...}+ & ---\rlap{${}^3$} & --- \\ +\verb+\thanks{...}+ & no & no \\ +\verb+\translator{...}+ & ---\rlap{${}^3$} & ---\rlap{${}^3$} \\ +\verb+\keywords{...}+ & no & no \\ +\verb+\subjclass[2000]{...}+ & yes & yes \\ +\verb+\begin{abstract}...\end{abstract}+ & yes\rlap{${}^4$} & no \\ +\verb+\maketitle+ & yes & yes \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\vspace*{1pc} + +{\Small +${}^1$ If no short form is needed, omit the brackets. + +${}^2$ For contributors, see details on page~\pageref{ss:contrib}. + +${}^3$ If this is necessary, it will be filled in by the AMS staff. + +${}^4$ For the \textit{Journal of the American Mathematical Society}, +abstracts are optional. +\par +} +\end{minipage} +\vspace{.25\baselineskip} +\hrule width \textwidth +\vspace{.5\baselineskip} +\end{table} + +\subsection*{Title} +%% +For AMS journal articles, capitalize only the first word and proper +nouns in the title. For articles in an AMS proceedings volume, +capitalize the first and last words of the title and all nouns, +pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. Articles, conjunctions, and +prepositions should be lowercased unless they are the first or last +word of the title. These rules should be followed even if the +publication in which the article appears has another style. The style +for the particular publication will be generated automatically when +the article is processed at the AMS. + +A multiline title may be left for \latex/ to break, or a desired break +may be indicated by \cn{\\}. + +Unless the title is very short, provide a form of the title suitable +for use in running heads. This should be entered in brackets between the +tag \cn{title} and the full title: +\verb+\title[+short title\verb+]{+full title\verb+}+. +Do not use author-defined macros in the title. + +\subsection*{Author information}\label{ss:authorinfo} +%% +Enter the name(s) of the author(s) with the tag \cn{author}, using +standard capitalization for proper names. Use a separate \cn{author} +command for each author. Names will be combined by \latex/ according +to the dictates of the document class. See also ``contributors'', +below. + +If the author name(s) cannot fit in the space available for the running +head, enter a shortened form for each name in [brackets] +between the tag \cn{author} and the full name. Acceptable shortened +forms use initials for all but the surname(s). For example, +\begin{verbatim} +\author[J. Smith]{Joseph Smith} +\end{verbatim} +If the list of shortened author names is still too long for the running +head (including a reasonable space for the page number), it can be +shortened as in the following example, as a last resort: +\begin{trivlist} +\item\relax +\verb+\markleft{J. SMITH ET AL.}+ +\end{trivlist} + +\noindent +Note that \cn{markleft} is available only for \amslatex/ versions 2.20 +and later; it is not a basic \latex/ command. +Data provided with \cn{markleft\{\}} \emph{must} be in all capital letters +(except for included math). Place \cn{markleft\{\}} before the first +\cn{author} in your file. + +For each author you should provide one or more addresses. Tag them +as follows, grouping them in this order by author: +\begin{verbatim} +\address{...} |rm address where the research was carried out |tt +\curraddr{...} |rm current address, if different from the research address |tt +\email{...} |rm address for electronic mail |tt +\urladdr{...} |rm URL address (optional) +\end{verbatim} +Do \emph{not} include any addresses within the scope of an +\cn{author\{\}} command (this is different from basic \latex/). +Do not use abbreviations in addresses. + +The main address should be divided by \cn{\\} into segments that +correspond to address lines for use on an envelope. When typeset, the +lines will be strung together separated by commas, but the division by +\cn{\\} will be useful to a person preparing an envelope to return +proofs. + +Addresses are considered part of the top matter, but in AMS articles +they are ordinarily printed at the end of the article following the +bibliography (this is different from basic \latex/). Suitable labels +will indicate the current, e-mail, and URL addresses, typically +\textit{Current address}:, \textit{E-mail address}:, \textit{URL}:, +respectively. + +If \texttt{\textasciitilde} is needed in a URL address, enter it +directly as \texttt{\textasciitilde} if you are using \amslatex/ +version 2.20 or later; otherwise, see the Author FAQ \cite{AF} +for instructions. + +\subsection*{Contributors + {\mdseries (new with version 2.20)}}\label{ss:contrib} +%% +Contributors are much like authors, but are responsible for only +a portion of an article, e.g., an appendix or auxiliary tables. +The bracketed portion is not optional; it gives the exact text that +will be printed to indicate the nature of the contribution: +\begin{verbatim} +\contrib[with an appendix by]{William Rogers} +\end{verbatim} +Multiple contributors and contributions are input like this: +\begin{verbatim} +\contrib[with Appendix A by]{William Rogers} +\contrib[]{Henry Taylor} +\contrib[and Appendix B by]{John Henderson} +\end{verbatim} +Note the empty brackets on the second line. Multiple contributors +indicated in this way will be combined and ``andified'' appropriately. +Contributors will not be included in running heads. Addresses provided +for contributors will be treated the same as for regular authors. + +\subsection*{Dedication} +%% +Use the tag \cn{dedicatory} for such things as ``Dedicated to +Professor X on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.'' If the +dedication is longer than one line, you may indicate a break with +\cn{\\}. + +\subsection*{Acknowledgments of support and other first-page footnotes} +%% +Use the command \cn{thanks} to acknowledge grants and other kinds of +support or for other general information not covered by one of the +more specific commands such as \cn{keywords} or \cn{subjclass}. Enter +\cn{thanks} immediately following the address(es) for the relevant +author, \emph{not} within the scope of the \cn{author\{\}} command +(this is different from basic \latex/). Like \cn{address}, \cn{thanks} +can appear more than once in the top matter. Each occurrence will be +printed as an unnumbered footnote at the bottom of the first page of +the article. + +\subsection*{Subject information} +%% +Subject classifications and key words, like acknowledg-\linebreak ments, are +part of the top matter and appear as unnumbered footnotes at the bottom of +the first page. + +Subject classifications may be primary (the major topic(s) of the +paper) or secondary (subject areas covered by ancillary results, +motivation or origin of problems discussed, intended or potential +field of application, or other significant aspects worthy of notice). +At least one primary subject classification is \textbf{required}. +Additional primaries and secondaries are optional. + +\begin{samepage} +These classifications are entered as +\begin{verbatim} +\subjclass[2000]{Primary |?primary class>; Secondary |?secondary classes>} +\end{verbatim} +(Omitting \texttt{[2000]} will cause the 1991 Subject Classification +to be cited.) +\end{samepage} + +To determine the classifications, use the 2000 Mathematics Subject +Classification scheme that appears in annual indexes of \textit{Mathematical +Reviews} beginning in 1999. It can also be accessed on the Web at URL: +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/msc/} or obtained in printed form from +Customer Services. +Please use the full number; the two-digit code from the Contents of +\textit{Mathematical Reviews} is \textbf{not} sufficient. + +Key words are not required but may be provided by an author if desired. +They should be tagged as \cn{keywords\{...\}}. + +\subsection*{Abstract} +%% +With an AMS document class, place the abstract before \cn{maketitle}, +contrary to the practice with the basic \latex/ document classes. +This is necessary to ensure that the abstract can always be printed in +the proper location and style. If the abstract is given after +\cn{maketitle}, it will be printed in place and generate a warning +message. + +Input the abstract text between \verb+\begin{abstract}...\end{abstract}+. +It may comprise multiple paragraphs and include displayed material if +appropriate. The length of the abstract depends primarily on the +length of the paper itself and on the difficulty of summarizing the +material. An upper limit of about 150 words for short papers and 300 +words for long papers is suggested. Do not use author-defined macros +or \cn{ref} in the abstract. + + +\section{Document body (all document classes)} + +\subsection*{Linking for the Web} +%% +All AMS primary journals are posted on-line. Electronic +manuscripts prepared in \latex/ for any AMS journal should be tagged +for maximum linking on the Web. For use of \cn{label}, \cn{ref}, +and \cn{cite}, see \cite{LC}; for \cn{eqref}, see \cite{AMP}. + +\subsection*{Headings} +%% +Four levels of headings are provided to permit logical sectioning of +a manuscript. These headings are applicable to individual articles +and to chapters of a monograph. (Headings specific to monographs are +listed under \textit{Monograph formatting}.) + +\begin{verbatim} +\specialsection{...} +\section[...]{...} +\subsection[...]{...} +\subsubsection[...]{...} +\end{verbatim} + +\cn{specialsection} is for long articles that need extra divisions +(e.g., parts) at a level above the \cn{section} level. + +Explicit line breaks are obtained by \verb+\\+ in first-level section +headings. + +Any heading may be given a label to allow references to be made to it, +by including a \cn{label\{...\}} command with a unique identifier +directly \emph{after} the heading. References are made using the +command \cn{ref\{...\}} and the same identifier. For example, +\begin{verbatim} +\section{Monograph formatting} +\label{s:mono} +\end{verbatim} +will establish a label for this section that can be referred to with +\cn{ref\{s:mono\}}. Cross references of +this sort will require \latex/ to be run at least twice for proper +resolution. A warning at the end of the \latex/ run, ``Cross +references may have changed\dots\unskip'', should be heeded in this regard. + + +\subsection*{Mathematical text} +%% +For instructions on preparing mathematical text, refer to +\cite{AMP} and \cite{ML}. See also ``Roman type'', below. + +\subsection*{Lists} +%% +Follow usual \latex/ conventions for producing list environments. + +\subsection*{Theorems, lemmas, and other proclamations} +%% +See the manual \textit{Using the \pkg{amsthm} package} \cite{ATP} +for details. Theorem environments following AMS style with respect to +punctuation, spacing and paragraphing are defined in the AMS document +classes. This is incompatible with the \latex/ \pkg{theorem} package, +which cannot be used with the AMS document classes. + +Three different theorem styles are provided by AMS document classes: +\cls{plain}, \cls{definition}, and \cls{remark}. By referring to these +styles and using the \cn{newtheorem} command, you can build a +complement of theorem environments appropriate for any paper or +monograph. All \cn{newtheorem} specifications should be included in +the preamble; a starter set is included in the template for every +AMS author package. + +Theorem support is also available separately in the \pkg{amsthm} package +for users of document classes other than those from the AMS. + +\subsection*{Equations} +%% +Check displayed equations carefully, making sure they are broken and +aligned following the guidelines in \cite[pp. 44--48]{MIT}. + +\subsection*{Roman type}\label{ss:roman} +%% +Numbers, punctuation, (parentheses), [brackets], +$\lbrace$braces$\rbrace$, and symbols used as labels should always be +set in roman type. This is true even within the statement of a theorem, +which is ordinarily set in italic type. + +Be careful to distinguish between roman elements that are mathematical +in nature (e.g., ``a group of class 2''), and those that are part of +the text (e.g., a label or a year). Mathematical expressions, no matter +how short or insignificant, should be coded as math, by enclosing them +within dollar signs \verb+$...$+ or \verb+\(...\)+. Roman text elements +should be coded as \cn{textup\{...\}} in potentially nonroman +environments such as theorems. + +Abbreviated forms of mathematical terms are also usually set in roman +type to distinguish them from mathematical variables or constants. +Use the control sequences for common mathematical functions and +operators like \verb+log+ and \verb+lim+; use \cn{DeclareMathOperator} +to add additional operator names (see \cite[\S5]{AMP}). + +The style of reference citations, though publication-dependent, is +usually roman. To ensure consistency and support linking for the Web, +\textbf{always} use the standard \latex/ \cn{cite} command when citing +a reference. Internal references with the \cn{ref} command are not +automatically roman in non-roman environments, but can be forced by +using the \pkg{upref} package (part of the \amslatex/ collection). + +\subsection*{Exercises} +%% +Exercises are produced using the \env{xca} and \env{xcb} environments. +\env{xca} may be used in any publication, but must be defined in +the document preamble with \cn{theoremstyle\{definition\}} and the +\cn{newtheorem} command; it is used for exercises that occur within a +section. \env{xcb} is defined only for monographs and is used for +exercises that occur at the end of a chapter. + +\subsection*{Indexing facilities} +\label{ss:indexing} +%% +The tags needed for \makeindx/ are already included in AMS document +classes. Do not include the \pkg{makeidx} package, but do put the +command \cn{makeindex} in the preamble to launch a single index. +See \cite[chapter 11]{LC} and \cite[chapter 11]{GL} for use of +\makeindx/. + +A package for multiple indexes, \pkg{amsmidx}, is included in the +\amslatex/ collection beginning with version 2.20. Unlike other +multiple-index packages, \pkg{amsmidx} is compatible with the AMS +document classes. To use this package, put these commands into the +preamble: +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{amsmidx} +\makeindex{|?name of first index file>} +\makeindex{|?name of second index file>} +\end{verbatim} +To identify index entries in the text: +\begin{verbatim} +\index{|?name of index file>}{|?index term>} +\end{verbatim} +In the backmatter, where the indexes are to appear: +\begin{verbatim} +\Printindex{|?name of first index file>}{|?title of first index>} +\Printindex{|?name of second index file>}{|?title of second index>} +\end{verbatim} +Note the capitalization of the \cn{Printindex} command. + +\section{Floating objects: Figures and tables} + +Figures and tables are usually handled as floating inserts. Such +items are often so large that fitting them into the document at the +point of reference may cause problems with pagination. Placing such +items into a floating insert allows them to be repositioned +automatically by \latex/ as required for good pagination. + +A floating insert generally contains one of these possibilities: +\begin{itemize} +\item \latex/ code that produces an object such as a table or + commutative diagram; +\item a command to incorporate an item produced by another application + (most often an Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file produced by a + graphics utility; see \textit{Electronic graphics}, + page~\pageref{ss:electronicgraphics}). +\end{itemize} + +If a figure is described by \latex/ code (e.g., using \pkg{xypic} or +the \env{picture} environment), it should be included directly in the +file. + +\subsection*{Placement} +%% +Floats should +\begin{enumerate} +\item be numbered consistently throughout the paper (figures and tables + are numbered separately), +\item be placed at the top or bottom of the page, +\item have an in-text reference, and +\item definitely appear within the same section as their first text + reference. +\end{enumerate} + +A figure or table should not precede its first text reference unless +they both appear on the same page spread. When a figure or table is +an integral part of text, it may appear unnumbered in place in the +middle of text. + +Figures and tables should be allowed to float according to the \latex/ +defaults preset by the document class. If you are submitting a file +that will be processed at the AMS (this applies to all journal +articles), you could introduce major problems with pagination if you +hard-set your figures and tables by using the \verb+[h!]+ option. +Production problems will be avoided when you use the appropriate +author package class file and avoid using figure or table options. +For electronic manuscripts, the final placement of inserts will be +determined by the AMS editorial staff, on the basis of the most +appropriate page layout. + +\subsection*{Captions} +%% +Captions for floating inserts are usually positioned above a table and +below a figure. The following is the general structure used to specify +a figure insert, with a caption at the bottom: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics{|?file name of |tt.eps|rm| file>}|quad|rm or|tt|quad|?code for the insertion> +\caption{|?caption text>} +\label{|?reference label>}|quad|rm (optional)|tt +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} + +This is the general structure for a table insert, with a caption at +the top: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} +\caption{|?caption text>} +\label{|?reference label>}|quad|rm (optional)|tt +|?code for the insertion body> +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} + +Caption headings (e.g., ``\textsc{Table 3.1.}''\ or +``\textsc{Figure 7.}'')\ will be supplied automatically. The +\<caption text> is any appropriate descriptive text, and may be +omitted if no descriptive text is desired. (The style of the caption +differs from the basic \latex/ caption style.) A reference label +should usually be associated with the caption, and must be given +\emph{after} the caption. A reference in text to the figure or table +has the form \cn{ref\{\<reference label>\}}. + +\latex/ packages for captions may appear to work with the AMS document +classes, but the caption style doesn't usually match the AMS style. + +\subsection*{Electronic graphics}\label{ss:electronicgraphics} +%% +Graphics created by applications other than \latex/ may be submitted +to the AMS in an electronic format. This includes output from +graphics applications as well as scanned photographs or other +computer-generated images. The AMS requires such graphics in +Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format. + +Use the \pkg{graphicx} package (part of the \pkg{graphics} bundle +of \latex/) to embed references to EPS graphics directly in a \latex/ +file; see the manual, \filnam{grfguide.tex} \cite{GB}. Another +valuable reference is the manual ``Using EPS Graphics in \latexe/ +Documents'' \cite{EG}. + +Other packages are not recommended, as there are numerous areas of +incompatibility which may result in the need for manual intervention, +delaying processing and increasing the cost. + +The EPS files will not be physically included in the \latex/ file. +You must submit a separate file for each graphic along with the \latex/ +document. No matter what method is used to produce a graphic, it is +necessary to provide a paper copy to the AMS for verification. Double +check to make sure the electronic and paper versions are the same. + +\subsection*{Compatibility requirements for graphics} +There are two important requirements that must be observed when +embedding graphics. + +\emph{Omit path names} for the included files. Instead of +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics*{/usr/joe/book/figures/fig1.ps} +\end{verbatim} +use just the name of the file: +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics*{fig1.ps} +\end{verbatim} +The easiest way to do this is to place the graphics files in the +same directory as the file(s) being {\TeX}ed. + +Do not use the \cn{graphicspath\{\<directory list>\}} command to +establish a path. This will result in the path being included in +the DVI file, which will be impossible to process at the AMS\@. +It may be possible to specify a path using one of the environments +recognized by the {\TeX} engine (\fn{TEXINPUTS}, for example); +instructions for setting these environments should be in the +documentation for your system. + +Graphics commands must be compatible with the \textit{dvips} output +driver. This is particularly important if you are submitting a DVI +file for a camera-ready publication. The method is specific to the +graphics package you are using; a typical method is to use a file +\filnam{graphics.cfg} containing the line \cn{ExecuteOptions\{dvips\}} +when you run \latex/ to create the DVI or PostScript file to send to +the AMS. + +\subsection*{Technical requirements for graphics} +%% +If you scale a figure before submitting it, remember that line weights +also scale. The lightest line weight that will reproduce clearly at +high resolution is 0.5pt after scaling. Do \emph{not} specify +``hairline'' weight, as this will be nearly invisible at high +resolution and will disappear in the printing process. If a rule line +is screened, its weight should be no less than 1 point \emph{after} +scaling. + +Graded line weights should increase in increments of at least 0.5pt. +Increments less than this are insufficiently distinguishable at high +resolution. + +Screened fills should be screened not less than 15\% (less will print +as white) and not greater than 85\% (greater will print as black). + +Ideally, text included in graphics files should be font outlines +rather than bitmaps, because the AMS typesets its publications on a +high-resolution imagesetter, not a laser printer. Text or lines in +graphics which are 300dpi bitmaps (which look fine in the +laser-printed output of your article) may appear poor in quality next +to the high-resolution text of AMS publications. If bitmaps of +characters are part of bitmapped line art files, output will be +satisfactory if the bitmapped characters are at 1200dpi. + +\subsection*{Color graphics} +%% +AMS publications are ordinarily printed in black and white. +Use of color requires explicit permission from the AMS. + +Color figures should have the resolution of at least 266 pixels per +inch when printed at 100\%, and must also be suitable for printing +as grayscale. The files must be in EPS format + + +\section{Bibliographic references} +%% +\subsection*{Using \protect\bibtex/ to prepare a bibliography}% +An author may find it convenient to maintain a file of references in +\bibtex/ form, as described in \textit{The \latex/ Companion} +\cite[Section 13.2]{LC}. Two \bibtex/ styles are provided: + +\begingroup +\exindent=2\parindent +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=1.05in} +\exbox{}{amsplain.bst} will produce numeric labels; preferred for articles; +\exbox{}{amsalpha.bst} will produce labels constructed from the % + author name(s)\newline and year of publication. +\endexample +\endgroup + +\noindent +Both will translate references in a \bibtex/ input (\filnam{.bib}) +file to \latex/ input in a \filnam{.bbl} file in the form appropriate +for AMS publications, including all necessary formatting instructions. +This method of preparing bibliographies is therefore recommended. + +To access a \bibtex/ bibliography in a paper or monograph, include these +instructions in the appropriate place in the input file: +\begin{verbatim} +\bibliographystyle{|?style>}|qquad|rm(|tt|0amsplain |rm or|tt amsalpha|rm)|tt +\bibliography{|?name of bibliography |bgroup|tt.bib|egroup| file>} +\end{verbatim} + +Running \bibtex/ on the \filnam{.bib} file will produce a \filnam{.bbl} +file. The \filnam{.bib} file may have any name the author finds convenient; +however, the \filnam{.bbl} file must have the same name as the source file +for a monograph from which it is input, so it may be necessary for the +author to rename it. For an article, after the bibliography has been +completed (including processing by \bibtex/), the contents of the +\filnam{.bbl} file should be inserted into the main article input file, +replacing the \cn{bibliographystyle} and \cn{bibliography} statements. + +Items in the bibliography are usually ordered alphabetically by author. +\bibtex/ processing may alter this order, especially if the +\filnam{amsalpha} style is used. + +All categories of bibliographic entries listed in +\cite[Table 13.1]{LC} are supported in the two AMS \bibtex/ styles. +In addition to the fields listed in Table 13.1, a \verb+language+ +field is provided for use in identifying the original language of an +item whose title has been translated. + +The \pkg{harvard} package (available from CTAN) provides an +author-year style that is compatible with the AMS document classes. +This should ordinarily be used only for monographs on historical +topics. + +Standard abbreviations for periodicals should be obtained from +\cite{ASMR}\@. + +\subsection*{Preparing a bibliography without \protect\bibtex/} +%% +The references section of a paper is contained between the commands +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{thebibliography}{|?model label>} +\end{thebibliography} +\end{verbatim} +This environment is resolved as an unnumbered section in an article +or an unnumbered chapter in a monograph, following AMS publication +specifications. The indentation for the labels is set to an +appropriate width using the model given with the \cn{begin} command. +Thus the widest label in the bibliography should be used as the model; +for example, \verb+99+ will provide space for a 2-digit numeric label. + +For the proper order of reference elements and use of fonts and +punctuation, look at an issue or volume in the journal or book series +for which your document is intended and follow the examples you see +there. More examples are given in \cite{MIT}. + +\subsubsection*{Reference input} +%% +Begin each item with the command \cn{bibitem\{\<bibitem label>\}}. +The \latex/ default is to number references automatically; however, +other labels may be used by inserting an optional key argument in +square brackets between the command and the internal label: +\begin{verbatim} +\bibitem[ABC]{Arno1994} +\end{verbatim} +The item label and the key need not be identical. Whatever appears +within the \verb+[ ]+ is what prints; whatever is within the curly +braces is used for linking and must not include any math or special +characters. + +Give at least one full name; initials and last name is an acceptable +form. If a subsequent reference is by the same author(s), use +\cn{bysame} instead of the name(s). + +For examples, refer to \cite{MIT}. + + +\section{Monograph formatting}\label{s:mono} + +A monograph is a long work by a single author or co-authors on a +single subject. Each chapter should be prepared as a separate file, +as should the bibliography. In addition, a ``driver'' file should be +used to input all the others. These files should be given meaningful +names, so that when they are transmitted to the AMS, there will be no +question about which file represents which chapter. For example, a +monograph by author Grey might be composed of files named +\filnam{grey.tex} (the driver file), \filnam{grey-ch1.tex}, +\filnam{grey-ch2.tex}, \dots, \filnam{grey-ch12.tex}, +\filnam{grey-appa.tex}, etc., and \filnam{grey-bib.tex}. +If the author name is a common one, please include something to make +it unique, such as first initials. + +Information that identifies the author(s), the subject matter of the +monograph, acknowledgments of support, and so forth, will appear in the +front matter of the book. Place this information in the driver file, +and use the tags shown below. Most of these are the same as the tags +associated with the top matter of an article; see the \textit{Top +matter} section (page~\pageref{s:topmatter}) for explanations and an +indication of which tags are required. + +\subsection*{Starting a new monograph}\label{s:newamsbook} +%% +The driver file for a monograph is generally made up of the following: +\begin{itemize} +\item \verb+\documentclass{...}+ +\item preamble (where extra definitions might go) +\item \verb+\begin{document}+ +\item \verb+\frontmatter+ +\item title page and copyright page information +\item \verb+\maketitle+ (to set the title page and copyright page; see note) +\item \verb+\include+ files (e.g., preface, introduction) +\item \verb+\mainmatter+ +\item \verb+\include+ files (e.g., main chapters, appendices) +\item \verb+\backmatter+ +\item commands for bibliography, index +\item \verb+\end{document}+ +\end{itemize} + +\noindent +Note: The title and copyright pages are for information only, so that +a printed copy can be associated with the correct author(s). The final +copy will be prepared at the AMS. + +For a typical driver file, see the template for \cls{amsbook}, included +in the \amslatex/ collection. + +Instructions for preparing a dedication page are given in the AMS +Author FAQ \cite{AF}. + +The table of contents will be produced automatically from a +\filnam{.toc} file produced anew in each run of \latex/. Since there is +no \filnam{.toc} before the first run, the body of the table of contents +will be empty on the first run. It is AMS style to include only +first-level heads, chapter titles, and part titles in the table of +contents. + +Chapters in AMS book series start on right-hand (odd-numbered) pages. +Blank pages will be provided as necessary at the end of earlier material +to accomplish this. + + +\subsection*{Chapter titles} +%% +Chapter titles should be capitalized as follows: the first and last +words of the title and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and +verbs should be capitalized. Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions +should be lowercased unless they are the first or last word of the title. + +There are three common variations of the chapter title. The form with +a chapter number is most common: +\begin{verbatim} +\chapter{Matrix Algebras} +\end{verbatim} + +The second variation is an appendix, where the word ``Appendix'' +replaces the word ``Chapter''. Use the command \cn{appendix} before +the first \cn{chapter} command in a sequence of appendix chapters. +\begin{verbatim} +\appendix +\chapter{Poisson Integral} +\end{verbatim} +In addition to ``Appendix'', the counter will produce letters ``A'', +``B'', ``C'', etc.,\ instead of numbers. + +The third variation is used for an element such as a preface or +introduction, which has no pretitle text at all. For this, use the +\cn{chapter*} command: +\begin{verbatim} +\chapter*{Preface} +\end{verbatim} +Unlike the \latex/ \cls{book} class, the AMS document classes will +place entries for unnumbered chapters in the table of contents, as +required by AMS style. + +\subsection*{Monograph running heads} +%% +The chapter title is used for the left running head and section +headings for the right running head. The chapter title repeats if +there are no sections. If the text of a section heading is too long +to fit as a running head, use the square-bracket option to specify a +shortened form for use in the running heads: + +\begin{verbatim} +\section[Fourier coefficients of periodic functions] + {Fourier coefficients of continuous periodic functions + of bounded entropy norm} +\end{verbatim} + +If the chapter title is too long to fit as a running head, a shortened +form can be supplied in a similar way. Full chapter titles and section +headings will be used in the table of contents (this is different from +basic \latex/). + +\subsection*{Numbering of figures and tables} +%% +The preferred AMS style for numbering figures and tables is to start +numbering from 1 within each chapter, and to include both the chapter +and element number in the printed caption heading. For example, the +first figure in Chapter 5 would be numbered ``\textsc{Figure} 5.1''. +The \cls{amsbook} document class resets figure and table numbers +automatically, but does not include the chapter number in the printed +caption. To add the chapter number, place these lines in the preamble +of the driver file: +\begin{verbatim} +\numberwithin{figure}{chapter} +\numberwithin{table}{chapter} +\end{verbatim} + + +\section{Getting help} + +Many questions raised by authors are answered in the AMS Author FAQ +\cite{AF}. Please check that before asking for assistance. + +If you encounter difficulties in preparing or submitting your +manuscript in electronic form after it has been accepted for +publication by the appropriate editorial board, you can ask for help +from the \AMS\ at: + +\penalty-100 +\begin{samepage} +\beginexample{\normalfont\mdseries} +Technical Support +Publications Technical Group +201 Charles Street +Providence, RI 02904-2294 +\vspace{3pt} +Phone: 800-321-4267, ext.\ 4080 \quad or \quad 401-455-4080 +E-mail: {\texttt{tech-support@ams.org}} +\endexample +\end{samepage} + +\noindent +Please supply the name of the journal or book series, the editor's +name if the manuscript is for a proceedings volume, and a concise +explanation of the problem. + + +\begin{thebibliography}{[ASMR]} + +\bibitem[AF]{AF} AMS Author FAQ, +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/author-faq.html} + +\bibitem[AFG]{AFG} \textit{AMSFonts{} version~\textup{2.2d} user's guide}, +Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2002. +PDF file linked from \texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html} + +\bibitem[AMP]{AMP} \textit{User's guide for the \pkg{amsmath} package +\textup{(}version~\textup{2.0)}}, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2004. +PDF file linked from \texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html} + +\bibitem[AP]{AP} Author packages for publishing with the AMS,\\ +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/author-info.html} + +\bibitem[ARC]{ARC} AMS Author Resource Center, +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/} + +\bibitem[ASMR]{ASMR} \textit{Abbreviations of names of serials reviewed in +Mathematical Reviews}, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, +revised annually; searchable on-line at\\ +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/msnhtml/serials-list/annser\_frames.html}. + +\bibitem[ATP]{ATP} \textit{Using the \pkg{amsthm} package, +version~\textup{2.0}}, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2004.\\ +PDF file linked from \texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html} + +\bibitem[EG]{EG} Keith Reckdahl, ``Using EPS graphics in \latexe/ +documents'', available in electronic form as \texttt{info/epslatex.ps} +or \filnam{.pdf} from\newline +\texttt{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/} + +\bibitem[EP]{EP} Guide to AMS editor's package, +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/editpkg.html} + +\bibitem[GB]{GB} David Carlisle, ``Packages in the `graphics' bundle'', +available in electronic form as +\filnam{macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.tex} or \filnam{.ps} +from\\ \texttt{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/} + +\bibitem[GL]{GL} Helmut Kopka and Patrick Daly, \textit{A Guide to + \latex/}, 4th ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2004. + +\bibitem[HBW]{HBW} Nicholas J. Higham, \textit{Handbook of Writing for +the Mathematical Sciences}, 2nd ed., SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1998. + +\bibitem[HWM]{HWM} +Norman E. Steenrod, Paul R. Halmos, Menahem M. Schiffer, and Jean A. +Dieudonn\'e, \textit{How to Write Mathematics}, 5th printing 1995, +Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1973. + +\bibitem[Joy]{Joy} M. D. Spivak, \textit{The Joy of \tex/}, +2nd revised ed., Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1990. + +\bibitem[LC]{LC} Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens, with +Johannes Braams, David Carlisle and Chris Rowley, +\textit{The \latex/ Companion}, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley Co., +Reading, MA, 2004. + +\bibitem[LGC]{LGC} Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach, +\textit{The \latex/ graphics Companion}, Addison-Wesley Co., Reading, +MA, 1997. + +\bibitem[MIT]{MIT} Ellen E. Swanson, updated by Arlene O'Sean and +Antoinette Schleyer, \textit{Mathematics into Type}, +Updated ed., Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1999. + +\bibitem[ML]{ML} George Gr\"{a}tzer, \textit{Math into \latex/}, +3rd ed., Birkh\"{a}user, Boston, MA/Springer Verlag, NY, 2000. + +\bibitem[MSC]{MSC} \textit{\textup{2000} Mathematics subject classification}, +Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1999; searchable on-line at +\texttt{http://www.ams.org/msc/}. + +\end{thebibliography} + +\end{document} |