diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/pgfmanual-en-tikz-matrices.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/pgfmanual-en-tikz-matrices.tex | 865 |
1 files changed, 865 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/pgfmanual-en-tikz-matrices.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/pgfmanual-en-tikz-matrices.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f46ad79b7bc --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/pgfmanual-en-tikz-matrices.tex @@ -0,0 +1,865 @@ +% Copyright 2019 by Till Tantau +% +% This file may be distributed and/or modified +% +% 1. under the LaTeX Project Public License and/or +% 2. under the GNU Free Documentation License. +% +% See the file doc/generic/pgf/licenses/LICENSE for more details. + + +\section{Matrices and Alignment} +\label{section-matrices} + +\subsection{Overview} + +When creating pictures, one often faces the problem of correctly aligning parts +of the picture. For example, you might wish that the |baseline|s of certain +nodes should be on the same line and some further nodes should be below these +nodes with, say, their centers on a vertical lines. There are different ways of +solving such problems. For example, by making clever use of anchors, nearly all +such alignment problems can be solved. However, this often leads to complicated +code. An often simpler way is to use \emph{matrices}, the use of which is +explained in the current section. + +A \tikzname\ matrix is similar to \LaTeX's |{tabular}| or |{array}| +environment, only instead of text each cell contains a little picture or a +node. The sizes of the cells are automatically adjusted such that they are +large enough to contain all the cell contents. + +Matrices are a powerful tool and they need to be handled with some care. For +impatient readers who skip the rest of this section: you \emph{must} end +\emph{every} row with |\\|. In particular, the last row \emph{must} be ended +with |\\|. + +Many of the ideas implemented in \tikzname's matrix support are due to Mark +Wibrow -- many thanks to Mark at this point! + + +\subsection{Matrices are Nodes} + +Matrices are special in many ways, but for most purposes matrices are treated +like nodes. This means, that you use the |node| path command to create a matrix +and you only use a special option, namely the |matrix| option, to signal that +the node will contain a matrix. Instead of the usual \TeX-box that makes up the +|text| part of the node's shape, the matrix is used. Thus, in particular, a +matrix can have a shape, this shape can be drawn or filled, it can be used in a +tree, and so on. Also, you can refer to the different anchors of a matrix. + +\begin{key}{/tikz/matrix=\meta{true or false} (default true)} + This option can be passed to a |node| path command. It signals that the + node will contain a matrix. + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (4,2); + \node [matrix,fill=red!20,draw=blue,very thick] (my matrix) at (2,1) + { + \draw (0,0) circle (4mm); & \node[rotate=10] {Hello}; \\ + \draw (0.2,0) circle (2mm); & \fill[red] (0,0) circle (3mm); \\ + }; + + \draw [very thick,->] (0,0) |- (my matrix.west); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % + The exact syntax of the matrix is explained in the course of this section. + % + \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every matrix (initially \normalfont empty)} + This style is used in every matrix. + \end{stylekey} + % + \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every outer matrix (initially \normalfont empty)} + While the |every matrix| key also applies to the matrix contents, this + only applies to the outer node which holds the matrix. + \end{stylekey} +\end{key} + +Even more so than nodes, matrices will often be the only object on a path. +Because of this, there is a special abbreviation for creating matrices: + +\begin{command}{\matrix} + Inside |{tikzpicture}| this is an abbreviation for |\path node[matrix]|. +\end{command} + +Even though matrices are nodes, some options do not have the same effect as for +normal nodes: +% +\begin{enumerate} + \item Rotations and scaling have no effect on a matrix as a whole (however, + you can still transform the contents of the cells normally). Before the + matrix is typeset, the rotational and scaling part of the + transformation matrix is reset. + \item For multi-part shapes you can only set the |text| part of the node. + \item All options starting with |text| such as |text width| have no effect. + \item If you place a matrix on a path, the matrix contents will be + collected into a macro, which tokenizes them. This means that |&| will + lose its meaning as an alignment character, resulting in an error. If + you need to place a matrix on a path, use |ampersand replacement| to + work around that problem. +\end{enumerate} + + +\subsection{Cell Pictures} +\label{section-tikz-cell-pictures} + +A matrix consists of rows of \emph{cells}. Each row (including the last one!) +is ended by the command |\\|. The character |&| is used to separate cells. +Inside each cell, you must place commands for drawing a picture, called the +\emph{cell picture} in the following. (However, cell pictures are not enclosed +in a complete |{pgfpicture}| environment, they are a bit more light-weight. The +main difference is that cell pictures cannot have layers.) It is not necessary +to specify beforehand how many rows or columns there are going to be and if a +row contains less cell pictures than another line, empty cells are +automatically added as needed. + + +\subsubsection{Alignment of Cell Pictures} + +For each cell picture a bounding box is computed. These bounding boxes and the +origins of the cell pictures determine how the cells are aligned. Let us start +with the rows: Consider the cell pictures on the first row. Each has a bounding +box and somewhere inside this bounding box the origin of the cell picture can +be found (the origin might even lie outside the bounding box, but let us ignore +this problem for the moment). The cell pictures are then shifted around such +that all origins lie on the same horizontal line. This may make it necessary to +shift some cell pictures upwards and others downwards, but it can be done and +this yields the vertical alignment of the cell pictures this row. The top of +the row is then given by the top of the ``highest'' cell picture in the row, +the bottom of the row is given by the bottom of the lowest cell picture. (To be +more precise, the height of the row is the maximum $y$-value of any of the +bounding boxes and the depth of the row is the negated minimum $y$-value of the +bounding boxes). +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [every node/.style={draw=black,anchor=base,font=\huge}] + + \matrix [draw=red] + { + \node {a}; \fill[blue] (0,0) circle (2pt); & + \node {X}; \fill[blue] (0,0) circle (2pt); & + \node {g}; \fill[blue] (0,0) circle (2pt); \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +Each row is aligned in this fashion: For each row the cell pictures +are vertically aligned such that the origins lie on the same +line. Then the second row is placed below the first row such that the +bottom of the first row touches the top of the second row (unless a +|row sep| is used to add a bit of space). Then the bottom of the +second row touches the top of the third row, and so on. Typically, +each row will have an individual height and depth. +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [every node/.style={draw=black,anchor=base}] + + \matrix [draw=red] + { + \node {a}; & \node {X}; & \node {g}; \\ + \node {a}; & \node {X}; & \node {g}; \\ + }; + + \matrix [row sep=3mm,draw=red] at (0,-2) + { + \node {a}; & \node {X}; & \node {g}; \\ + \node {a}; & \node {X}; & \node {g}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +Let us now have a look at the columns. The rules for how the pictures on any +given column are aligned are very similar to the row alignment: Consider all +cell pictures in the first column. Each is shifted horizontally such that the +origins lie on the same vertical line. Then, the left end of the column is at +the left end of the bounding box that protrudes furthest to the left. The right +end of the column is at the right end of the bounding box that protrudes +furthest to the right. This fixes the horizontal alignment of the cell pictures +in the first column and the same happens the cell pictures in the other +columns. Then, the right end of the first column touches the left end of the +second column (unless |column sep| is used). The right end of the second column +touches the left end of the third column, and so on. (Internally, two columns +are actually used to achieve the desired horizontal alignment, but that is only +an implementation detail.) +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw}] + \matrix [draw=red] + { + \node[left] {Hallo}; \fill[blue] (0,0) circle (2pt); \\ + \node {X}; \fill[blue] (0,0) circle (2pt); \\ + \node[right] {g}; \fill[blue] (0,0) circle (2pt); \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw}] + \matrix [draw=red,column sep=1cm] + { + \node {8}; & \node{1}; & \node {6}; \\ + \node {3}; & \node{5}; & \node {7}; \\ + \node {4}; & \node{9}; & \node {2}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + + +\subsubsection{Setting and Adjusting Column and Row Spacing} + +There are different ways of setting and adjusting the spacing between columns +and rows. First, you can use the options |column sep| and |row sep| to set a +default spacing for all rows and all columns. Second, you can add options to +the |&| character and the |\\| command to adjust the spacing between two +specific columns or rows. Additionally, you can specify whether the space +between two columns or rows should be considered between the origins of cells +in the column or row or between their borders. + +\begin{key}{/tikz/column sep=\meta{spacing list}} + This option sets a default space that is added between every two columns. + This space can be positive or negative and is zero by default. The + \meta{spacing list} normally contains a single dimension like |2pt|. + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,column sep=1cm,nodes=draw] + { + \node(a) {123}; & \node (b) {1}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node {12}; & \node {12}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node(c) {1}; & \node (d) {123}; & \node {1}; \\ + }; + \draw [red,thick] (a.east) -- (a.east |- c) + (d.west) -- (d.west |- b); + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.east) -- (d.west |- b) + node [above,midway] {1cm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % + More generally, the \meta{spacing list} may contain a whole list of + numbers, separated by commas, and occurrences of the two key words + |between origins| and |between borders|. The effect of specifying such a + list is the following: First, all numbers occurring in the list are simply + added to compute the final spacing. Second, concerning the two keywords, + the last occurrence of one of the keywords is important. If the last + occurrence is |between borders| or if neither occurs, then the space is + inserted between the two columns normally. However, if the last occurs is + |between origins|, then the following happens: The distance between the + columns is adjusted such that the difference between the origins of all the + cells in the first column (remember that they all lie on straight line) and + the origins of all the cells in the second column is exactly the given + distance. + + \emph{The }|between origins|\emph{ option can only be used for columns + mentioned in the first row, that is, you cannot specify this option for + columns introduced only in later rows.} + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,column sep={1cm,between origins},nodes=draw] + { + \node(a) {123}; & \node (b) {1}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node {12}; & \node {12}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node {1}; & \node {123}; & \node {1}; \\ + }; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.center) -- (b.center) node [above,midway] {1cm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{key} + +\begin{key}{/tikz/row sep=\meta{spacing list}} + This option works like |column sep|, only for rows. Here, too, you can + specify whether the space is added between the lower end of the first row + and the upper end of the second row, or whether the space is computed + between the origins of the two rows. + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,row sep=1cm,nodes=draw] + { + \node (a) {123}; & \node {1}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node (b) {12}; & \node {12}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node {1}; & \node {123}; & \node {1}; \\ + }; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.south) -- (b.north) node [right,midway] {1cm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,row sep={1cm,between origins},nodes=draw] + { + \node (a) {123}; & \node {1}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node (b) {12}; & \node {12}; & \node {1}; \\ + \node {1}; & \node {123}; & \node {1}; \\ + }; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.center) -- (b.center) node [right,midway] {1cm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{key} + +The row-end command |\\| allows you to provide an optional argument, which must +be a dimension. This dimension will be added to the list in |row sep|. This +means that, firstly, any numbers you list in this argument will be added as an +extra row separation between the line being ended and the next line and, +secondly, you can use the keywords |between origins| and |between borders| to +locally overrule the standard setting for this line pair. +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [row sep=1mm] + { + \draw (0,0) circle (2mm); & \draw (0,0) circle (2mm); \\ + \draw (0,0) circle (2mm); & \draw (0,0) circle (2mm); \\[-1mm] + \draw (0,0) coordinate (a) circle (2mm); & + \draw (0,0) circle (2mm); \\[1cm,between origins] + \draw (0,0) coordinate (b) circle (2mm); & + \draw (0,0) circle (2mm); \\ + }; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.center) -- (b.center) node [right,midway] {1cm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +The cell separation character |&| also takes an optional argument, which must +also be a spacing list. This spacing list is added to the |column sep| having a +similar effect as the option for the |\\| command for rows. + +This optional spacing list can only be given the first time a new column is +started (usually in the first row), subsequent usages of this option in later +rows have no effect. +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,nodes=draw,column sep=1mm] + { + \node {8}; &[2mm] \node{1}; &[-1mm] \node {6}; \\ + \node {3}; & \node{5}; & \node {7}; \\ + \node {4}; & \node{9}; & \node {2}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,nodes=draw,column sep=1mm] + { + \node {8}; &[2mm] \node(a){1}; &[1cm,between origins] \node(b){6}; \\ + \node {3}; & \node {5}; & \node {7}; \\ + \node {4}; & \node {9}; & \node {2}; \\ + }; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.center) -- (b.center) node [above,midway] {11mm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [draw,nodes=draw,column sep={1cm,between origins}] + { + \node (a) {8}; & \node (b) {1}; &[between borders] \node (c) {6}; \\ + \node {3}; & \node {5}; & \node {7}; \\ + \node {4}; & \node {9}; & \node {2}; \\ + }; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (a.center) -- (b.center) node [above,midway] {10mm}; + \draw [<->,red,thick] (b.east) -- (c.west) node [above,midway] {10mm}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + + +\subsubsection{Cell Styles and Options} + +The following styles and options are useful for changing the appearance of all +cell pictures: + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every cell=\marg{row}\marg{column} (initially \normalfont empty)} + This style is installed at the beginning of each cell picture with the two + parameters being the current \meta{row} and \meta{column} of the cell. Note + that setting this style to |draw| will \emph{not} cause all nodes to be + drawn since the |draw| option has to be passed to each node individually. + + Inside this style (and inside all cells), the current \meta{row} and + \meta{column} number are also accessible via the counters + |\pgfmatrixcurrentrow| and |\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn|. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{key}{/tikz/cells=\meta{options}} + This key adds the \meta{options} to the style |every cell|. It is mainly + just a shorthand for the code |every cell/.append style=|\meta{options}. +\end{key} + +\begin{key}{/tikz/nodes=\meta{options}} + This key adds the \meta{options} to the style |every node|. It is mainly + just a shorthand for the code |every node/.append style=|\meta{options}. + + The main use of this option is the install some options for the nodes + \emph{inside} the matrix that should not apply to the matrix \emph{itself}. + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [nodes={fill=blue!20,minimum size=5mm}] + { + \node {8}; & \node{1}; & \node {6}; \\ + \node {3}; & \node{5}; & \node {7}; \\ + \node {4}; & \node{9}; & \node {2}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{key} + +The next set of styles can be used to change the appearance of certain rows, +columns, or cells. If more than one of these styles is defined, they are +executed in the below order (the |every cell| style is executed before all of +the below). +% +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/column \meta{number}} + This style is used for every cell in column \meta{number}. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every odd column} + This style is used for every cell in an odd column. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every even column} + This style is used for every cell in an even column. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/row \meta{number}} + This style is used for every cell in row \meta{number}. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every odd row} + This style is used for every cell in an odd row. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every even row} + This style is used for every cell in an even row. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/row \meta{row number} column \meta{column number}} + This style is used for the cell in row \meta{row number} and column + \meta{column number}. +\end{stylekey} +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [row 1/.style={red}, + column 2/.style={green!50!black}, + row 3 column 3/.style={blue}] + + \matrix + { + \node {8}; & \node{1}; & \node {6}; \\ + \node {3}; & \node{5}; & \node {7}; \\ + \node {4}; & \node{9}; & \node {2}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +You can use the |column |\meta{number} option to change the alignment for +different columns. +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [column 1/.style={anchor=base west}, + column 2/.style={anchor=base east}, + column 3/.style={anchor=base}] + \matrix + { + \node {123}; & \node{456}; & \node {789}; \\ + \node {12}; & \node{45}; & \node {78}; \\ + \node {1}; & \node{4}; & \node {7}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +In some cases, it is desirable to include some automation in each column/row +separately. A typical example is to apply stripe-pattern to almost all columns +with exceptions. For these type of use-cases, nesting these keys can open up +a lot of possibilities; in the following example a ``feature comparison'' table +is demonstrated. It is intentionally made rather verbose and a bit redundant +to show how the column and row settings can be progressively overwritten to +create certain effects. + +\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{matrix,fit}}] +\begin{tikzpicture}[ + font=\sffamily, + striped col/.style={column #1/.append style={ + every even row/.style={nodes={fill=olive!50}}}}, + head color/.style args={#1/#2}{column #1/.append style={ + row 1/.append style={nodes={fill=#2}}}} +] + +\matrix [ + matrix of nodes, nodes in empty cells, + nodes={text width=2cm, align=center, + minimum height=1.5em, anchor=center}, + striped col/.list={1,...,5}, % add striped col style to all cols + column 1/.style={ % Override stripes and modify the feature column + row 1 column 1/.style={nodes={fill=none, draw=none}}, + nodes={fill=olive, inner ysep=0}, + }, + % modify headers first via common styles and then specific colors + row 1/.style={nodes={text depth=0.2ex, text width=2cm, text=white}}, + head color/.list={2/orange,3/teal,4/cyan,5/magenta} + ] (m) + { + & Basic & Standard & Professional & Enterprise \\ + Feature A & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ \\ + Feature B & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ \\ + Feature C & & & & $\bullet$ \\ + Feature D & & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ \\ + Feature E & & & $\bullet$ & $\bullet$ \\ + }; +% Add emphasis on selection by the use of "fit" library +\node[fit={(m-1-4.north west) (m-6-4.south east)}, + ultra thick, inner sep=0, rounded corners=1mm, + draw=cyan, label={[cyan,align=center]270:Popular\\Choice!}]{}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +The order in which these styles are applied is configurable. You can also +install your own styles. The following styles (in fact, internally they are +|/.code| keys) wrap the styles introduced in the previous paragraph passing the +correct argument and ensuring that they are only called for even or odd rows. +However, it is not recommended to override these. + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style/every cell} + Wraps |/tikz/every cell|. +\end{stylekey} +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style/column} + Wraps |/tikz/column |\meta{number}. +\end{stylekey} +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style/even odd column} + Wraps |/tikz/every even column| and |/tikz/every odd column|. +\end{stylekey} +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style/row} + Wraps |/tikz/row |\meta{number}. +\end{stylekey} +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style/even odd row} + Wraps |/tikz/every even row| and |/tikz/every odd row|. +\end{stylekey} +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style/cell} + Wraps |/tikz/row |\meta{number}| column |\meta{number}. +\end{stylekey} + +\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/matrix/inner style order} + The order in which these styles are applied to the matrix cells is + specified by this key. By default it is + % +\begin{codeexample}[code only] +\tikzset{ + matrix/inner style order={ + every cell, + column, + even odd column, + row, + even odd row, + cell, + }, +} +\end{codeexample} + % + You can use this to install your own styles here, but only \emph{names} of + styles are permitted here. The style specification has to be placed + outside of |matrix/inner style order| and unless it is installed inside + |/tikz/matrix/inner style/|, it has to be fully qualified. + % +\begin{codeexample}[code only] +\tikzset{ + my style/.code={% + \ifnum\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn=2 + \tikzset{font=\itshape}% + \fi + }, + matrix/inner style order={ + every cell, + even odd column, + even odd row, + column, + row, + cell, + /tikz/my style, + }, +} +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{stylekey} + +In many matrices all cell pictures have nearly the same code. For example, +cells typically start with |\node{| and end |};|. The following options allow +you to execute such code in all cells: + +\begin{key}{/tikz/execute at begin cell=\meta{code}} + The code will be executed at the beginning of each nonempty cell. +\end{key} +% +\begin{key}{/tikz/execute at end cell=\meta{code}} + The code will be executed at the end of each nonempty cell. +\end{key} +% +\begin{key}{/tikz/execute at empty cell=\meta{code}} + The code will be executed inside each empty cell. +\end{key} +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [matrix of nodes/.style={ + execute at begin cell=\node\bgroup, + execute at end cell=\egroup;% + }] + \matrix [matrix of nodes] + { + 8 & 1 & 6 \\ + 3 & 5 & 7 \\ + 4 & 9 & 2 \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} +% +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [matrix of nodes/.style={ + execute at begin cell=\node\bgroup, + execute at end cell=\egroup;,% + execute at empty cell=\node{--};% + }] + \matrix [matrix of nodes] + { + 8 & 1 & \\ + 3 & & 7 \\ + & & 2 \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +The |matrix| library defines a number of styles that make use of the above +options. + + +\subsection{Anchoring a Matrix} + +Since matrices are nodes, they can be anchored in the usual fashion using the +|anchor| option. However, there are two ways to influence this placement +further. First, the following option is often useful: + +\begin{key}{/tikz/matrix anchor=\meta{anchor}} + This option has the same effect as |anchor|, but the option applies only to + the matrix itself, not to the cells inside. If you just say |anchor=north| + as an option to the matrix node, all nodes inside matrix will also have + this anchor, unless it is explicitly set differently for each node. By + comparison, |matrix anchor| sets the anchor for the matrix, but for the + nodes inside the value of |anchor| remain unchanged. + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [matrix anchor=west] at (0,0) + { + \node {123}; \\ % still center anchor + \node {12}; \\ + \node {1}; \\ + }; + \matrix [anchor=west] at (0,-2) + { + \node {123}; \\ % inherited west anchor + \node {12}; \\ + \node {1}; \\ + }; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{key} + +The second way to anchor a matrix is to use \emph{an anchor of a node inside +the matrix}. For this, the |anchor| option has a special effect when given as +an argument to a matrix: + +\begin{key}{/tikz/anchor=\meta{anchor or node.anchor}} + Normally, the argument of this option refers to anchor of the matrix node, + which is the node that includes all of the stuff of the matrix. However, + you can also provide an argument of the form \meta{node}|.|\meta{anchor} + where \meta{node} must be node defined inside the matrix and \meta{anchor} + is an anchor of this node. In this case, the whole matrix is shifted around + in such a way that this particular anchor of this particular node lies at + the |at| position of the matrix. The same is true for |matrix anchor|. + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,2); + \matrix[matrix anchor=inner node.south,anchor=base,row sep=3mm] at (1,1) + { + \node {a}; & \node {b}; & \node {c}; & \node {d}; \\ + \node {a}; & \node(inner node) {b}; & \node {c}; & \node {d}; \\ + \node {a}; & \node {b}; & \node {c}; & \node {d}; \\ + }; + \draw (inner node.south) circle (1pt); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{key} + + +\subsection{Considerations Concerning Active Characters} + +Even though \tikzname\ seems to use |&| to separate cells, \pgfname\ actually +uses a different command to separate cells, namely the command +|\pgfmatrixnextcell| and using a normal |&| character will normally fail. What +happens is that, \tikzname\ makes |&| an active character and then defines this +character to be equal to |\pgfmatrixnextcell|. In most situations this will +work nicely, but sometimes |&| cannot be made active; for instance because the +matrix is used in an argument of some macro or the matrix contains nodes that +contain normal |{tabular}| environments. In this case you can use the following +option to avoid having to type |\pgfmatrixnextcell| each time: + +\begin{key}{/tikz/ampersand replacement=\meta{macro name or empty}} + If a macro name is provided, this macro will be defined to be equal to + |\pgfmatrixnextcell| inside matrices and |&| will not be made active. For + instance, you could say |ampersand replacement=\&| and then use |\&| to + separate columns as in the following example: + % +\begin{codeexample}[] +\tikz + \matrix [ampersand replacement=\&] + { + \draw (0,0) circle (4mm); \& \node[rotate=10] {Hello}; \\ + \draw (0.2,0) circle (2mm); \& \fill[red] (0,0) circle (3mm); \\ + }; +\end{codeexample} + % +\end{key} + + +\subsection{Examples} + +The following examples are adapted from code by Mark Wibrow. The first two +redraw pictures from Timothy van Zandt's PStricks documentation: +% +{\catcode`\|=12 +\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{matrix}}] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix [matrix of math nodes,row sep=1cm] + { + |(U)| U &[2mm] &[8mm] \\ + & |(XZY)| X \times_Z Y & |(X)| X \\ + & |(Y)| Y & |(Z)| Z \\ + }; + \begin{scope}[every node/.style={midway,auto,font=\scriptsize}] + \draw [double, dashed] (U) -- node {$x$} (X); + \draw (X) -- node {$p$} (X -| XZY.east) + (X) -- node {$f$} (Z) + -- node {$g$} (Y) + -- node {$q$} (XZY) + -- node {$y$} (U); + \end{scope} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +\begin{codeexample}[ + preamble={\usetikzlibrary{matrix}}, + pre={\definecolor{graphicbackground}{rgb}{0.96,0.96,0.8}}, +] +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,->,shorten >=2pt,looseness=.5,auto] + \matrix [matrix of math nodes, + column sep={2cm,between origins}, + row sep={3cm,between origins}, + nodes={circle, draw, minimum size=7.5mm}] + { + & |(A)| A & \\ + |(B)| B & |(E)| E & |(C)| C \\ + & |(D)| D \\ + }; + \begin{scope}[every node/.style={font=\small\itshape}] + \draw (A) to [bend left] node [midway] {g} (B); + \draw (B) to [bend left] node [midway] {f} (A); + \draw (D) -- node [midway] {c} (B); + \draw (E) -- node [midway] {b} (B); + \draw (E) -- node [near end] {a} (C); + \draw [-,line width=8pt,draw=graphicbackground] + (D) to [bend right, looseness=1] (A); + \draw (D) to [bend right, looseness=1] + node [near start] {b} node [near end] {e} (A); + \end{scope} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{matrix}}] +\begin{tikzpicture} + \matrix (network) + [matrix of nodes,% + nodes in empty cells, + nodes={outer sep=0pt,circle,minimum size=4pt,draw}, + column sep={1cm,between origins}, + row sep={1cm,between origins}] + { + & & & \\ + & & & \\ + |[draw=none]| & |[xshift=1mm]| & |[xshift=-1mm]| \\ + }; + \foreach \a in {1,...,4}{ + \draw (network-3-2) -- (network-2-\a); + \draw (network-3-3) -- (network-2-\a); + \draw [-stealth] ([yshift=5mm]network-1-\a.north) -- (network-1-\a); + \foreach \b in {1,...,4} + \draw (network-1-\a) -- (network-2-\b); + } + \draw [stealth-] ([yshift=-5mm]network-3-2.south) -- (network-3-2); + \draw [stealth-] ([yshift=-5mm]network-3-3.south) -- (network-3-3); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} + +The following example is adapted from code written by Kjell Magne Fauske, which +is based on the following paper: K.~Bossley, M.~Brown, and C.~Harris, +Neurofuzzy identification of an autonomous underwater vehicle, +\emph{International Journal of Systems Science}, 1999, 30, 901--913. +% +\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes.geometric}}] +\begin{tikzpicture} + [auto, + decision/.style={diamond, draw=blue, thick, fill=blue!20, + text width=4.5em,align=flush center, + inner sep=1pt}, + block/.style ={rectangle, draw=blue, thick, fill=blue!20, + text width=5em,align=center, rounded corners, + minimum height=4em}, + line/.style ={draw, thick, -latex',shorten >=2pt}, + cloud/.style ={draw=red, thick, ellipse,fill=red!20, + minimum height=2em}] + + \matrix [column sep=5mm,row sep=7mm] + { + % row 1 + \node [cloud] (expert) {expert}; & + \node [block] (init) {initialize model}; & + \node [cloud] (system) {system}; \\ + % row 2 + & \node [block] (identify) {identify candidate model}; & \\ + % row 3 + \node [block] (update) {update model}; & + \node [block] (evaluate) {evaluate candidate models}; & \\ + % row 4 + & \node [decision] (decide) {is best candidate}; & \\ + % row 5 + & \node [block] (stop) {stop}; & \\ + }; + \begin{scope}[every path/.style=line] + \path (init) -- (identify); + \path (identify) -- (evaluate); + \path (evaluate) -- (decide); + \path (update) |- (identify); + \path (decide) -| node [near start] {yes} (update); + \path (decide) -- node [midway] {no} (stop); + \path [dashed] (expert) -- (init); + \path [dashed] (system) -- (init); + \path [dashed] (system) |- (evaluate); + \end{scope} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{codeexample} +} + + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: "pgfmanual" +%%% End: |