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-\def\TEX{T\kern-.1em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}X}
-
-\section Control over page breaking inside examples
-
-Page breaking is generally much more disruptive if it occurs
-inside an example than if it occurs in a paragraph of text. Steps
-can be taken to minimize the possibility that examples are
-disrupted by page breaks. Avoiding disruption can mean either
-that a page break does not occur, or if it does, it happens at a
-``good place''. If the parts of a multi-part example naturally
-form subgroups, it is desirable to encourage a break between
-subgroups and discourage a break inside a subgroup.
-
-\ExPex\ attempts to provide tools to help avoid breaking examples
-between pages and, if they must be split, making it easy to
-specify where in the example splitting should be encouraged or
-discouraged. This must be balanced with limitations on how much
-white space at the bottom of pages is allowable.
-
-The amount of whitespace at the bottom of pages and how much
-variability in the vertical skip between examples and the
-surrounding text is acceptable will probably vary between
-different intended purposes: handout, draft, paper, camera-ready
-paper, lecture notes, camera-ready book manuscript, etc. It will
-also vary between different stages of production. Different
-editors may have different views of the tradeoff between keeping
-examples intact and allowing whitespace at the bottom of pages.
-There is no sense in spending time on formatting while you are
-still working on a draft. \ExPex\ therefore provides a number of
-parameters which can be adjusted to control various aspects of
-page breaking.
-
-In spite of efforts to guide \Tex\ in making good decisions about
-page breaking, the results are not always satisfactory.
-\medskip
-\begingroup \leftskip=3em \rightskip=3em
-\noindent
-\noindent Every once and a while,
-\TEX\ will produce a really awful looking page and you will
-wonder what happened. For example, you might get just one
-paragraph and a whole lot of white space, when some of the text
-on the following page would easily fit into the white space. The
-reason for such apparently anomalous behavior is almost always
-that no good page break is possible; even the alternative that
-looks better to you
-is quite terrible as far as \TEX\ is concerned!\par
-\hfill
-(from Knuth's
-\TEX book, p. 115)\par
-\endgroup
-\medskip
-\noindent In situations like this, one has to give up on
-encouraging \Tex\ to do the right thing and give explicit orders
-to break the page by inserting |\eject| or |\vfil\eject| in the
-appropriate place. The drawback to an explicit order is that it
-remains in force after revisions are made to the document. If it
-causes page breaking that is obviously bad, the problem will
-usually be seen when editing. The biggest danger is that
-the output is not terrible, but it is less than ideal and the
-discrepancy is missed in less than meticulous copy editing.
-
-\subsection Discouraging page breaks in examples
-
-\deftagpage{exbreakpage}%
-\begininventory
-\macros* \idx{|\exbreak|}\endmc
-\parameters
-\idx{|exbreakfil|}& skip& 0\dimskip pt plus 4\dimskip ex\cr
-\idx{|exbreakpenalty|}& integer& |-500|\cr
-\idx{|splitpartspenalty|}& integer& |200|\cr
-\endinventory
-
-\noindent \Tex\ carries out page breaking by assigning a cost
-(via penalties) to each possible page break and choosing the
-lowest cost option. Plain \Tex\ defines a macro |\goodbreak|
-which ends the current paragraph and gives a negative penalty
-($-500$) if a page break is taken after the paragraph. A
-negative penalty is a reward, which encourages page breaking at
-that point. The \ExPex\ macro |\exbreak| is a variant of
-|\goodbreak|. It not only ends the current paragraph and awards a
-penalty (a reward if the penalty is negative) if a page break is
-taken at that point, but makes it easier for a satisfactory page
-break to be taken by allowing the page to end with some vertical
-fill, allowing some whitespace to appear at the bottom of the
-broken page.
-
-|\exbreak| is inserted at the beginning of every |\ex| or |\pex|
-block. The penalty and amount of fill are parameterized. The
-default values are suitable for camera-ready copy, assuming that
-the publisher is willing to tolerate a small amount of whitespace
-at the bottom of a page in return for keeping an example intact.
-$4\,\rm\,ex$ is about $1.5$ times the distance between baselines
-in most fonts. For drafts, I set |exbreakfil=.3\vsize|, which
-keeps almost all examples intact at the cost of allowing substantial
-whitespace to appear at the bottom of a page.
-
-The setting of |exbreakfil| can be overridden by supplying a
-value directly as an optional argument of |\exbreak|. For
-example, |\exbreak[5ex]| acts like |\exbreak| (with no argument)
-with |exbreakfil| is set to \textdim{5 ex}.
-
-Page breaks right before an example part in a |\pex| construction
-introduced by |\a| are discouraged by imposing a penalty
-determined by the setting of |splitpartspenalty|.
-If |splitpartspenalty| is set to 10000, such breaks will
-be completely disallowed. I use this setting for writing drafts.
-Coupled with a generous setting of |\exbreakfil|, almost all page
-breaks in examples are eliminated, which is what I prefer in
-writing a draft. The default value is more suitable for finished
-documents.
-
-In older versions of \ExPex\relax, |\exbreak| was called |\goodpar|.
-The present name is more consistent with \Tex's naming habits.
-
-
-\subsection Controlling where page breaks occur in examples (if
-they must)
-
-If a page break within an example cannot be avoided
-because it would require too much vertical fill to be inserted,
-it is often important to control where within the example the
-page break is made. Consider for example a display like
-(\nextx).
-
-\framedisplay
-\pex[exbreakpenalty=-10,interpartskip=.25ex]
-\a example A
-\a contrast with example A\exbreak
-\a example B
-\a variation on B
-\a another variation on B
-\a a third variation on B\exbreak
-\a example C
-\a contrast with example C
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-Suppose the logic of the examples pairs a and b, c--f, and g and
-h. How do you avoid a page break which interrupts the logic of
-the collection of examples? One option is the standard \Tex\
-method of using |\nobreak| to prevent a page break, as in the
-code below:
-
- \codedisplay
-\pex[interpartskip=.25ex]
-\a example A\par\nobreak
-\a contrast with example A
-\a example B\par\nobreak
-\a variation on B\par\nobreak
-\a another variation on B\par\nobreak
-\a a third variation on B
-\a example C\par\nobreak
-\a contrast with example C
-\xe |endcodedisplay
-
-\noindent Note that |\par| must precede |\nobreak|. We are
-interested in preventing a page break in the process of adding
-lines to the current page, not in preventing a break in the
-process of building the lines which are added to the current
-page. |\par| breaks the line, which takes \Tex\ out of line
-building mode and puts it into page building mode.
-
-|\exbreak| offers an alternative.
-
-\codedisplay
-\pex[interpartskip=.25ex]
-\a example A
-\a contrast with example A\exbreak
-\a example B
-\a variation on B
-\a another variation on B
-\a a third variation on B\exbreak
-\a example C
-\a contrast with example C
-\xe |endcodedisplay
-
-
-
-