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-<head>
-<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label floats</title>
-</head><body>
-<h3>Moving tables and figures in LaTeX</h3>
-<p/>Tables and figures have a tendency to surprise, by <em>floating</em>
-away from where they were specified to appear. This is in fact
-perfectly ordinary document design; any professional typesetting
-package will float figures and tables to where they&#8217;ll fit without
-violating the certain typographic rules. Even if you use the
-placement specifier <code>h</code> for &#8216;here&#8217;, the figure or table will not be
-printed &#8216;here&#8217; if doing so would break the rules; the rules themselves
-are pretty simple, and are given on page 198, section C.9 of the
-LaTeX manual. In the worst case, LaTeX&#8217;s rules can cause the
-floating items to pile up to the extent that you get an error message
-saying <a href="FAQ-tmupfl.html">&#8220;Too many unprocessed floats&#8221;</a>.
-What follows is a simple checklist of things to do to solve these
-problems (the checklist talks throughout about figures, but applies
-equally well to tables, or to &#8220;non-standard&#8221; floats defined by the
-<i>float</i> or other packages).
-<ul>
-<li> Do your figures need to float at all? If not, look at the
- recommendations for &#8220;<a href="FAQ-figurehere.html">non-floating floats</a>&#8221;
-<li> Are the placement parameters on your figures right? The
- default (<code>tbp</code>) is reasonable, but you can reasonably change it (for
- example, to add an <code>h</code>). Whatever you do, <em>don&#8217;t</em>
- omit the &#8216;<code>p</code>&#8217;: doing so could cause LaTeX to believe that if you
- can&#8217;t have your figure <em>here</em>, you don&#8217;t want it
- <em>anywhere</em>. (LaTeX does try hard to avoid being confused in
- this way&#8230;)
-<li> LaTeX&#8217;s own float placement parameters could be preventing
- placements that seem entirely &#8220;reasonable&#8221; to you &#8212; they&#8217;re
- notoriously rather conservative. To encourage LaTeX not to move
- your figure, you need to loosen its demands. (The most important
- ones are the ratio of text to float on a given page, but it&#8217;s
- sensible to have a fixed set that changes the whole lot, to meet
- every eventuality.)
-<pre>
-\renewcommand{\topfraction}{.85}
-\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.7}
-\renewcommand{\textfraction}{.15}
-\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.66}
-\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.66}
-\renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.66}
-\setcounter{topnumber}{9}
-\setcounter{bottomnumber}{9}
-\setcounter{totalnumber}{20}
-\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9}
-</pre>
- The meanings of these
- parameters are described on pages 199&#8211;200, section C.9 of the
- LaTeX manual.
-<li> Are there places in your document where you could &#8216;naturally&#8217;
- put a <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code> command? If so, do: the backlog of floats is
- cleared after a <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code>. (Note that the <code>\</code><code>chapter</code>
- command in the standard <i>book</i> and <i>report</i> classes
- implicitly executes <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code>, so you can&#8217;t float past
- the end of a chapter.)
-<li> Try the <i>placeins</i> package: it defines a
- <code>\</code><code>FloatBarrier</code> command beyond which floats may not pass. A
- package option allows you to declare that floats may not pass a
- <code>\</code><code>section</code> command, but you can place <code>\</code><code>FloatBarrier</code>s wherever
- you choose.
-<li> If you are bothered by floats appearing at the top of the page
- (before they are specified in your text), try the <i>flafter</i>
- package, which avoids this problem by insisting that floats should
- always appear after their definition.
-<li> Have a look at the LaTeX2e <i>afterpage</i> package.
- Its documentation gives as an example the idea
- of putting <code>\</code><code>clearpage</code> <em>after</em> the current page (where it
- will clear the backlog, but not cause an ugly gap in your text), but
- also admits that the package is somewhat fragile. Use it as a last
- resort if the other possibilities below don&#8217;t help.
-<li> If you would actually <em>like</em> great blocks of floats at the
- end of each of your chapters, try the <i>morefloats</i> package;
- this allows you to increase the number of floating inserts that LaTeX
- can handle at one time (from its original value of 18, in
- LaTeX2e). Note that, even with e-TeX&#8217;s greater supply of
- registers, there is still a modest limit on the total number of
- floating inserts (e-TeX increases the total number of registers
- available, but inserts don&#8217;t work if they are constructed from
- registers in the extended range).
-<p/> Caveat: if you are using <i>etex</i> to increase the number of
- registers available, you need to &#8220;reserve&#8221; some inserts for
- <i>morefloats</i>: something like:
- <blockquote>
-<pre>
-\usepackage{etex}
-\reserveinserts{18}
-\usepackage{morefloats}
-</pre>
- </blockquote><p>
-<li> If you actually <em>wanted</em> all your figures to float to the
- end (<em>e.g</em>., for submitting a draft copy of a paper), don&#8217;t
- rely on LaTeX&#8217;s mechanism: get the <i>endfloat</i> package to do
- the job for you.
-</ul>
-<dl>
-<dt><tt><i>afterpage.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/tools.zip">macros/latex/required/tools</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/tools/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/afterpage.html">catalogue entry</a>
-<dt><tt><i>endfloat.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat.zip">macros/latex/contrib/endfloat</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/endfloat.html">catalogue entry</a>
-<dt><tt><i>etex.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/etex-pkg.zip">macros/latex/contrib/etex-pkg</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/etex-pkg/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/etex-pkg.html">catalogue entry</a>
-<dt><tt><i>flafter.sty</i></tt><dd>Part of the LaTeX distribution
-<dt><tt><i>float.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/float.zip">macros/latex/contrib/float</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/float/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/float.html">catalogue entry</a>
-<dt><tt><i>morefloats.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/morefloats.zip">macros/latex/contrib/morefloats</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/morefloats/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/morefloats.html">catalogue entry</a>
-<dt><tt><i>placeins.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/placeins.zip">macros/latex/contrib/placeins</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/placeins/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/placeins.html">catalogue entry</a>
-</dl>
-<p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats</a>
-</body>