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index 8ceaf24df9b..0308ebb2596 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-activechars.html
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-activechars.html
@@ -4,20 +4,29 @@
<h3>Defining characters as macros</h3>
<p/>Single characters can act as macros (defined commands), and both
Plain TeX and LaTeX define the character
-&ldquo;<code>~</code>&rdquo; as a &ldquo;non-breakable space&rdquo;. A
-character is made definable, or &ldquo;active&rdquo;, by setting its
+&#8220;<code>~</code>&#8221; as a &#8220;non-breakable space&#8221;. A
+character is made definable, or &#8220;active&#8221;, by setting its
<em>category code</em> (catcode) to be <code>\</code><code>active</code> (13):
-<code>\catcode&lsquo;_=\active</code>.
-<p/>Any character could, in principle, be activated this way and defined
-as a macro (<code>\</code><code>def</code><code>_{</code><code>\</code><code>_</code><code>}</code> &mdash; the simple answer to
-
-<a href="FAQ-underscore.html">using underscores</a>), but you must be
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\catcode`\_=\active
+</pre>
+</blockquote><p>
+Any character could, in principle, be activated this way and defined
+as a macro:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\def_{\_}
+</pre>
+</blockquote><p>
+which could be characterised as an over-simple answer to
+<a href="FAQ-underscore.html">using underscores</a>. However, you must be
wary: whereas people expect an active tilde, other active characters
may be unexpected and interact badly with other macros. Furthermore,
-by defining an active character, you preclude the character&rsquo;s use for
-other purposes, and there are few characters &ldquo;free&rdquo; to be subverted
+by defining an active character, you preclude the character&#8217;s use for
+other purposes, and there are few characters &#8220;free&#8221; to be subverted
in this way.
-<p/>To define the character &ldquo;<code>z</code>&rdquo; as a command, one would say something
+<p/>To define the character &#8220;<code>z</code>&#8221; as a command, one would say something
like:
<blockquote>
<pre>
@@ -25,10 +34,10 @@ like:
\def z{Yawn, I'm tired}%
</pre>
</blockquote><p>
-and each subsequent &ldquo;<code>z</code>&rdquo; in the text would become a yawn. This would be
+and each subsequent &#8220;<code>z</code>&#8221; in the text would become a yawn. This would be
an astoundingly bad idea for most documents, but might have special
-applications. (Note that, in &ldquo;<code>\def z</code>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<code>z</code>&rdquo; is no longer interpreted as
-a letter; the space is therefore not necessary &mdash; &ldquo;<code>\defz</code>&rdquo; would do; we
+applications. (Note that, in &#8220;<code>\def z</code>&#8221;, &#8220;<code>z</code>&#8221; is no longer interpreted as
+a letter; the space is therefore not necessary &#8212; &#8220;<code>\defz</code>&#8221; would do; we
choose to retain the space, for what little clarity we can manage.)
Some LaTeX packages facilitate such definitions. For example, the
<i>shortvrb</i> package with its <code>\</code><code>MakeShortVerb</code> command.
@@ -42,17 +51,17 @@ purposes (the <code>\</code><code>verb</code> command does this), then the alter
characters will not be interpreted properly when they appear in the
argument to another command (as, for example, in
-&ldquo;<a href="FAQ-verbwithin.html"><code>\</code><code>verb</code> in command arguments</a>&rdquo;).
+&#8220;<a href="FAQ-verbwithin.html"><code>\</code><code>verb</code> in command arguments</a>&#8221;).
An exemplary case is the <i>doc</i> package, which processes .dtx
files using the <i>shortvrb</i> package to define
-<code>|&hellip;|</code> as a shorthand for
-<code>\</code><code>verb</code><code>|&hellip;|</code>. But <code>|</code> is
+<code>|&#8230;|</code> as a shorthand for
+<code>\</code><code>verb</code><code>|&#8230;|</code>. But <code>|</code> is
also used in the preambles of tabular environments, so that tables in
<code>.dtx</code> files can only have vertical line separation between
columns by employing special measures of some sort.
<p/>Another consequence is that catcode assignments made
-in macros often don&rsquo;t work as expected
-(see &ldquo;<a href="FAQ-actinarg.html">Active characters in command arguments</a>&rdquo;).
+in macros often don&#8217;t work as expected
+(see &#8220;<a href="FAQ-actinarg.html">Active characters in command arguments</a>&#8221;).
For example, the definition
<blockquote>
<pre>
@@ -77,10 +86,10 @@ use:
\endgroup
</pre>
</blockquote><p>
-The alternative (&ldquo;tricksy&rdquo;) way of creating such an isolated
+The alternative (&#8220;tricksy&#8221;) way of creating such an isolated
definition depends on the curious properties of <code>\</code><code>lowercase</code>, which
changes characters without altering their catcodes. Since there is
-always <em>one</em> active character (&ldquo;<code>~</code>&rdquo;), we
+always <em>one</em> active character (&#8220;<code>~</code>&#8221;), we
can fool <code>\</code><code>lowercase</code> into patching up a definition without ever
explicitly changing a catcode:
<blockquote>
@@ -109,12 +118,12 @@ special active <em>maths code</em>, as with
</pre>
</blockquote><p>
The special character does not need to be redefined whenever it is
-made active &mdash; the definition of the command persists even if the
-character&rsquo;s catcode reverts to its original value; the definition
+made active &#8212; the definition of the command persists even if the
+character&#8217;s catcode reverts to its original value; the definition
becomes accessible again if the character once again becomes active.
<dl>
-<dt><tt><i>doc.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of the source of LaTeX, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base.zip">macros/latex/base</a> (or <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/">browse the directory</a>)
-<dt><tt><i>shortvrb.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools.zip">macros/latex/required/tools</a> (or <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools/">browse the directory</a>)
+<dt><tt><i>doc.sty</i></tt><dd>Part of the LaTeX distribution <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base.zip">macros/latex/base</a> (or <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/doc.html">catalogue entry</a>
+<dt><tt><i>shortvrb.sty</i></tt><dd>Part of the LaTeX distribution <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base.zip">macros/latex/base</a> (or <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/shortvrb.html">catalogue entry</a>
</dl>
<p/><p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=activechars">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=activechars</a>
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