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-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/missaali/missaali.tex1174
1 files changed, 1026 insertions, 148 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/missaali/missaali.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/missaali/missaali.tex
index 340ac245288..f2268570c41 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/missaali/missaali.tex
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/missaali/missaali.tex
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
%% missaali.tex
-%% Copyright 2016 Tommi Syrjönen
+%% Copyright 2016-2021 Tommi Syrjönen
%
% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
\newcommand{\feature}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand{\sample}[1]{{\samplefont #1}}
+\newcommand{\sample}[1]{{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont #1}}
\newcommand{\sampleabbr}[1]{{\fontsize{26}{12}\fontspec{Missaali}%
\hbox{\vbox to 10pt{\hbox{#1}}}}}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
\author{Tommi Syrjänen \\ \texttt{tssyrjan@iki.fi}}
-\date{Version 1.004, 25 December, 2016}
+\date{Version 2.0, 5 April, 2021}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{1}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
hic m\mstdacc{u}{un}itissi\msabbr{mus} hab\mstdacc{e}{en}di senatus
locus, nihil ho\msabbr{rum} ora voltus\msabbr{que}
moverunt? Patere tua \msabbr{con}silia
- non sentis, \msabbr{con}strictam iam ho\msabbr{rum}
+ non sentis,\msabbr{con}strictam iam ho\msabbr{rum}
omnium scientia teneri \msabbr{con}iura-
tionem tu\mstdacc{a}{am} non vides? Quid
\msabbr{pro}x\mstdacc{i}{im}a, \msabbr{quid} su\msabbr{per}iore nocte egeris,
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@
}
\end{center}
+
\newpage
\thispagestyle{empty}
-
The text in the previous page is the beginning of Marcus Tullius
Cicero's \emph{Oratio in catilinam primo} that has been used to set
typographical speciments at least since the days of Gianbattista Bodoni
@@ -205,6 +205,63 @@ Project Public License 1.3c (see the accompanying file
\end{center}
+\newpage
+
+\begin{center}
+\fbox{
+ \begin{minipage}{0.8\linewidth}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textbf{What's new in \Missaali\ 2.0?}
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item An improved syntax for abbreviations:
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccc}
+ su[per] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{su[per]} \\
+ \mbox{}[qui][bus] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[qui][bus]} \\
+ i\~\ t & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{i~t}\\
+ {}[prop]`t & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[prop]`t} \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+ The abbreviation syntax is detailed on pages~\pageref{pg:ligatures_start}–\pageref{pg:ligatures_end}.
+
+ \item Added missing two-line initials by Ghotan. While most were
+ added as character variants, three of them replace letters that
+ I designed for the first version of the font, and I also redrew
+ \emph{Ä} and \emph{Ö} initials to match Swedish manuscripts
+ better.
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccccc}
+ \initsample{\msinit{X}} & \initsample{\msinit{Y}} &
+ \initsample{\msinit{Z}} & \initsample{\msinit{Ä}} &
+ \initsample{\msinit{Ö}} \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+
+ The old initials for them are available by turning on the font
+ feature \feature{ornm} in addition to \feature{titl}.
+
+ \item Changed the form of \emph{Y}. The old \emph{Y} is available
+ with font feature \feature{ornm}. The new form is basically a
+ slightly enlarged lower case \emph{y}.
+
+ \item Added Ghotan's one line initials. They were taken mostly
+ from \emph{Psaltarium Upsalensis} that has an almost full set.
+
+ \item Added some more ligatures and abbreviated characters.
+
+ \item Added LaTeX package option \feature{ManuscriptSpacing} that
+ disables justification of columns and special punctuation space
+ handling.
+
+ \item Added better support for different colors in the LaTeX package.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+
+}
+
+\end{center}
\newpage
@@ -224,7 +281,10 @@ the first book printed for Finland and was commissioned by Konrad Bitz
who was at the time the bishop of Turku diocese. His aim was to
harmonize the church services of the parishes of the diocese and the
missal contains texts and instructions for all masses that are held
-over a year.
+over a year. The version 2.0 of the font adds also characters taken
+from other books printed by Ghotan, \emph{Psalterium
+ Upsalense}~\cite{psaltarium_upsalense} and \emph{Revelationes Sancti
+ Birgitte}~\cite{revelations}.
Ghotan followed the standard practice of the time and set the missal
using \emph{textura}, a type based on \emph{textualis formata} that
@@ -242,10 +302,10 @@ script for his famous Bibles.
\label{fig:alpha}
\end{figure}
-\emph{Missale} also has a number of large initials that are mostly set
+\emph{Missaali} also has a number of large initials that are mostly set
in the Lombardic style. This font includes the initials that were
printed using leaden slugs among its symbols, but leaves out the large
-woodcuts as well as most of the hand-written ones.
+woodcuts as well as most of the hand-written ones.
Old printing inks spread more and more randomly than the modern ones.
This means that two impressions created by the same slug are not identical.
@@ -254,35 +314,89 @@ are rounded and there are few sharp edges.
\begin{figure}
\centering
- \begin{tabular}{cccccc}
- \initsample{\msinit{A}} & \initsample{\msinita{A}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{B}} & \initsample{\msinit{C}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{D}} & \initsample{\msinita{D}} \\
- A & A & B & C & D & D \\
- \initsample{\msinit{E}} & \initsample{\msinit{F}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{G}} & \initsample{\msinit{H}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{I}} &\initsample{\msinita{I}} \\
- E & F & G & H & I & I \\
- \initsample{\msinit{J}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{K}} & \initsample{\msinit{L}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{M}} & \initsample{\msinit{N}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{O}} \\
- J & K & L & M & N & O \\
- \initsample{\msinit{P}} & \initsample{\msinit{Q}} & \initsample{\msinit{R}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{S}} & \initsample{\msinita{S}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{T}} \\
- P &Q & R & S & S & T \\
- \initsample{\msinit{U}} & \initsample{\msinit{V}} & \initsample{\msinit{W}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{X}} & \initsample{\msinit{Y}} &
- \initsample{\msinit{Z}} \\
- U & V & W & X & Y & Z \\
- \end{tabular}
- \caption{Lombardic initials. Several letters have two alternate
- forms. These correspond with the larger size of printed
- \emph{Missale Aboense} initials except for \emph{X} that occurs
- only in the smaller size and \emph{W}, \emph{Y}, and \emph{Z} that
- do not occur at all. The variant form for \emph{I} is based on a
- hand-written initial and it needs to be used in a very large size.}
+ {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
+\initsample{+A+} &
+\initsample{+A:+} &
+\initsample{+B+} &
+\initsample{+C+} &
+\initsample{+D+} &
+\initsample{+D:+} &
+\initsample{+D::+} \\
+
+A & A & B & C & D & D & D \\
+
+
+\initsample{+E+} &
+\initsample{+E:+} &
+\initsample{+F+} &
+\initsample{+G+} &
+\initsample{+H+} &
+\initsample{+I+} &
+\initsample{+I:+} \\
+
+E & E & F & G & H & I & I \\
+
+
+\initsample{+J+} &
+\initsample{+K+} &
+\initsample{+L+} &
+\initsample{+M+} &
+\initsample{+M:+} &
+\initsample{+M::+} &
+\initsample{+N+} \\
+
+J & K & L & M & M & M & N \\
+
+\initsample{+N:+} &
+\initsample{+O+} &
+\initsample{+P+} &
+\initsample{+Q+} &
+\initsample{+Q:+} &
+\initsample{+Q::+} &
+\initsample{+R+} \\
+
+
+N & O & P & Q & Q & Q & R \\
+
+\initsample{+S+} &
+\initsample{+S:+} &
+\initsample{+S::+} &
+\initsample{+S:::+} &
+\initsample{+T+} &
+\initsample{+U+} &
+\initsample{+U:+} \\
+
+S & S & S & S & T & U & U \\
+
+
+\initsample{+V+} &
+\initsample{+V:+} &
+\initsample{+W+} &
+\initsample{+X+} &
+\initsample{+X:+} &
+\initsample{+Y+} &
+\initsample{+Z+} \\
+
+V & V & W & X & X & Y & Z \\
+
+\initsample{+Å+} &
+\initsample{+Ä+} &
+\initsample{+Ö+} &
+\initsample{+R:+} \\
+
+Å & Ä & Ö & R[um] \\
+ \end{tabular}}
+
+\caption{Two-line Lombardic initials. Several letters have alternate
+ forms. These are taken from works printed by Bartholomew Ghotan
+ except for \emph{W} that I have not been able to find. The books are
+ \emph{Missale Aboense} (1488) and \emph{Revelationes Sancti
+ Birgitte} (1492). Note how Ghotan turned letters upside down to
+ get another initials (for example, C $\Rightarrow$ D, N
+ $\Rightarrow$ V). The variant form for \emph{I} is based on a
+ hand-written initial from \emph{Missale Aboense} and it needs to be
+ used in a very large size.}
\label{fig:lombardic_initials}
\end{figure}
@@ -291,29 +405,83 @@ what we use nowadays. It retained many of the abbreviations that were
in common use during middle ages while many modern symbols are
missing. Most notably Ghotan didn't use number symbols preferring
instead to either spell the numbers out or write them using Roman
-numberals. While I designed a few missing glyphs for the font (most
-important being \emph{W}, \emph{Y}, and \emph{Z} that don't occur in
-the book), I decided against including numbers.\footnote{Largely
- because of lack of suitable samples for 15th century textura
- numbers.} This means that Missaali is even less suitable for setting
-body texts of ordinary documents than blackletter in general. However,
-the limitation is not serious for the intended uses of the font.
+numberals. While I designed a few missing glyphs for the font, I
+decided against including numbers.\footnote{Largely because of lack of
+ suitable samples for 15th century textura numbers.} This means that
+Missaali is even less suitable for setting body texts of ordinary
+documents than blackletter in general. However, the limitation is not
+serious for the intended uses of the font.
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
+ \sample{+a+} &
+ \sample{+b+} &
+ \sample{+c+} &
+ \sample{+d+} &
+ \sample{+d:+} &
+ \sample{+e+} &
+ \sample{+f+} &
+ \sample{+g+} \\
+
+ a & b & c & d & d & e & f & g \\
+
+ \sample{+h+} &
+ \sample{+i+} &
+ \sample{+j+} &
+ \sample{+k+} &
+ \sample{+l+} &
+ \sample{+m+} &
+ \sample{+n+} &
+ \sample{+o+} \\
+
+ h & i & j & k & l & m & n & o \\
+
+ \sample{+p+} &
+ \sample{+q+} &
+ \sample{+r+} &
+ \sample{+s+} &
+ \sample{+t+} &
+ \sample{+u+} &
+ \sample{+v+} &
+ \sample{+w+}
+ \\
+
+ p & q & r & s & t & u & v & w \\
+
+ \sample{+x+} &
+ \sample{+y+} &
+ \sample{+z+} &
+ \sample{+å+} &
+ \sample{+ä+} &
+ \sample{+ö+} \\
+
+ x & y & z & å & ä & ö \\
+
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{One-line Lombardic initials}
+ \label{fig:one_line_lombardic_initials}
+\end{figure}
+
Most of the symbols in the font cannot be found from modern keyboard
-layout charts. They can be accessed by turning on a suitable
-combination of OpenType features that are present in Missaali. They
-may also be entered directly if the program used supports inputting
-arbitrary unicode code points. All symbols in the font have code
-points assigned to them, and those that are not present in the unicode
-standard are put into the private use area.\footnote{Some symbols have
- duplicates that are not assigned code points to make searching
- resulting text files easier. See page~\pageref{pg:symbols_start} for
- details.} Where possible, I have put the symbols to the same places
-as \emph{MUFI character recommendation 3.0}.\footnote{MUFI is the
- Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (\texttt{http://www.mufi.info})
- whose purpose is to bring Medieval scribal symbols into unicode.}
-However, Missaali contains only a small part of the full
-recommendation and it has some symbols that are not present in it.
+layout charts. They can be accessed in several ways. The primary way
+for version 2.0 of Missaali is to use ligature substitutions (see
+pages \pageref{pg:ligatures_start}–\pageref{pg:ligatures_end}) but the
+other way is to turn on a suitable combination of OpenType features
+that are present in the font. They may also be entered directly if the
+program used supports inputting arbitrary unicode code points. All
+symbols in the font have code points assigned to them, and those that
+are not present in the unicode standard are put into the private use
+area.\footnote{Some symbols have duplicates that are not assigned code
+ points to make searching resulting text files easier. See
+ page~\pageref{pg:symbols_start} for details.} Where possible, I have
+put the symbols to the same places as \emph{MUFI character
+ recommendation 3.0}.\footnote{MUFI is the Medieval Unicode Font
+ Initiative (\texttt{http://www.mufi.info}) whose purpose is to bring
+ Medieval scribal symbols into unicode.} However, Missaali contains
+only a small part of the full recommendation and it has many symbols
+that are not present in it.
\subsection{OpenType}\index{OpenType}
@@ -389,7 +557,7 @@ later.
\\
Ghotan's abbreviations & & \feature{dlig} & \feature{dlig} &
Discretionary ligatures \\
- Scandinavian ligatures & & \feature{ss01} & \feature{subs} &
+ Scandinavian ligatures & $\times$ & \feature{ss01} & \feature{subs} &
Subscript \\
\hline
Additional abbreviations & & \feature{ss02} & \feature{ornm} &
@@ -500,7 +668,7 @@ incomplete version is:
Bartholomew Ghotan. The identity of the priest back right is not
certain, but he might be the proofreader, Daniel de Egher. The
text starts: \emph{Reverendus in cristo pater et dominus, dominus
- Conradus Bystz dei et apostolice sedis grande praesul ecclesie
+ Conradus Bystz dei et apostolice sedis gratia praesul ecclesie
Aboense.} — Reverend Father in Christ and Lord, Lord Konrad Bitz
of the Apostolic See, bishop of the Turku diocese.}
\label{fig:titlepage}
@@ -551,10 +719,10 @@ killer was a murderer who was enraged at Henry because he had imposed
'church discipline' on him in addition to the penalty that the law
decreed from murder. The text doesn't detail the exact natures of
either punishment, but at the time killers typically paid weregild to
-the family of the victim. The legend tells that Lalli got a divine
-punishment for his deed: he put the bishop's cap on his head, and when
-he removed it, his whole scalp came off with it. This was considered
-to be the first miracle attributed with St Henry.
+the family of the victim. The legend tells that the killer got a
+divine punishment for his deed: he put the bishop's cap on his head,
+and when he removed it, his whole scalp came off with it. This was
+considered to be the first miracle attributed with St Henry.
Later sources add details to the short legend. They make the mass
baptism to happen at the spring of Kupittaa that nowadays lies inside
@@ -780,7 +948,7 @@ valuable — and usually religious — German manuscripts was
calling it \emph{textura} in this document. Since it was considered
the highest form of writing, it was natural that Johannes Gutenberg
modeled his Bible typefaces on it and Bartholomew Ghotan followed his
-example for his liturgical books.
+example for his liturgical books.
Textura is a very angular script that has high contrast between parts of
the letter. There are wide usually vertical strikes and thin usually
@@ -850,10 +1018,10 @@ long \emph{s} is used in all other places.\footnote{\Missaali\ uses
the opentype feature \feature{calt} to automatically insert long
\emph{s} and \emph{r}-rotunda in places where Ghotan would have used
them. If you want to follow a later convention, you need to turn the
- feature off.} For example, the Latin word \emph{servus} was written
+ feature off.} For example, the Latin word \emph{sanctus} was written
as:
\begin{center}
- \sample{servus}
+ \sample{sanctus}
\end{center}
The round \emph{r} was used after letters whose right edge had a bowl
@@ -880,8 +1048,8 @@ and \emph{u} were considered to be the same letter and similarly for
\emph{i} and \emph{j}. Ghotan used \emph{u} and \emph{v}
interchangeably and there is no clear rule for which letter he
selected except that \emph{U} was used almost always for the capital
-letter. The capital \emph{V} was quite rare and it doesn't fit the
-other capitals so well.
+letter. The capital \emph{V} is quite rare in the text and it doesn't
+fit the other capitals so well.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\sample{U} & \sample{u} & \sample{V} & \sample{v} \\
@@ -892,7 +1060,9 @@ other capitals so well.
Symbols \emph{i} and \emph{j} were also considered to be forms of the
same letter but their use was more consistent. Ghotan used \emph{j}
for the last letter in a sequence of \emph{i}s. This occurred most
-often in Roman numerals:
+often in Roman numerals:\footnote{During medieval times both 'iv' and
+ 'iiii' were used for number four. Likewise, nine was represented
+ with both 'ix' and 'viiii'.}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\sample{i} & \sample{ii} & \sample{iii} & \sample{iiii}
@@ -942,16 +1112,23 @@ non-specialist audience to understand them and also because many of
the symbols were specifically tailored for Latin and did not have much
use in vernacular texts. Early printed books used old abbreviations
but they fell out of use in the 16th century. Some holdouts survived
-longer: using tilde to mark missing nasal consonants is relatively
+longer: using tilde to mark missing nasal consonants was relatively
common even in the 17th century in some areas and the ampersand is
still in use.
+\Missaali{} contains a large set of abbreviations that can be be
+accessed in the font using two ways. In the original font release they
+were accessed through OpenType features, but release 2.0 added an
+option of entering them as ligature substitutions.
+
Bartholomew Ghotan used two different systems of abbreviations in
\emph{Mis\-sale Aboense}: one for the main body of text and another
for the small 14~pt font. There is not much text in the small font and
-it isn't possible to reconstruct his full system from it, but the
-system for the larger font is quite complete. Some of the symbols that
-he used were used in a different sense in different abbreviation
+it isn't possible to reconstruct his full system from
+it,\footnote{However, the full system can be reconstructed from his
+ \emph{Revelationes Sancti Birgitte} that he printed in 1492.} but
+the system for the larger font is quite complete. Some of the symbols
+that he used were used in a different sense in different abbreviation
systems. I will first describe the system that he used and then add to
that some commonly-used symbols that are not found in \emph{Missale}.
@@ -994,16 +1171,17 @@ that some commonly-used symbols that are not found in \emph{Missale}.
\sample{\msabbr{qvo}} & quo & \feature{dlig} & qvo \\
\sample{\msabbr{quod}} & quod & \feature{dlig} & quod \\
\sample{\msabbr{qvod}} & quod & \feature{dlig} & qvod \\
+ \sample{[Quod]} & Quod & \feature{dlig} & Quod \\
\sample{\msabbr{quoque}} & quoque & \feature{dlig} & quoque \\
- \sample{\msabbr{rum}} & rum & \feature{dlig} & rum \\
\hline
+ \sample{\msabbr{rum}} & rum & \feature{dlig} & rum \\
\sample{\msabbr{se}} & se & \feature{dlig} & se \\
\sample{\msabbr{sed}} & sed & \feature{dlig} & sed & also other syllables with \emph{se}. \\
\sample{\msabbr{tur}} & tur & \feature{dlig} & tur \\
\sample{\msabbr{us}} & us & \feature{dlig} & us & \\
- \sample{\msabbr{vs}} & us & \feature{dlig} & vs \\
\hline
+ \sample{\msabbr{vs}} & us & \feature{dlig} & vs \\
\sample{\msabbr{ver}} & ver & \feature{dlig} & ver & occasionally
\emph{vir} \\
\end{tabular}
@@ -1042,6 +1220,8 @@ There are two basic ways to mark abbreviations: either by adding small
marks over the letters to signify places where things are left out or
to add new symbols to the running text.
+
+
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{clcllccccc}
@@ -1091,6 +1271,9 @@ to add new symbols to the running text.
+
+%\end{document}
+
\subsection{Abbreviation marks}
Ghotan used at least five semantically different abbreviation marks
@@ -1174,7 +1357,7 @@ like a squished and turned tilde and in both cases it denotes the
syllable \emph{ver}:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lclcccccccccc}
- \sample{universitas} & \aqsample{$\Longrightarrow$} & \sample{uni{\msabbr{ver}sitas}}
+ \sample{universitas} & \aqsample{$\Longrightarrow$} & \sample{uni[ver]sitas}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
@@ -1235,7 +1418,9 @@ Tullius Tiro who was Cicero's scribe.
Ghotan used the symbol only for the word \emph{et} and it does not
occur as a part of longer words even though many scribes used it that
-way.
+way. Also, it was relatively common that scribes used the \emph{et}
+symbol as a shorthand for \emph{and} also when writing in languages
+other than Latin.
\paragraph{M} There are no special symbols for abbreviating syllables
containing \emph{m} but Ghotan occasionally set \emph{z} in place of
@@ -1317,6 +1502,18 @@ and it is not clear to me how he chose which form to use:
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
+Finally, Ghotan had an additional \emph{q}-abbreviation that he did
+not use in \emph{Missale Aboense} but that occurs in \emph{Psaltarium
+ Upsalense}:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{c}
+ \sample{[Quod]} \\
+ Quod
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+
\paragraph{R} There are two \emph{r}-based abbreviations but one of
them occurs amost exclusively in the instructions for the mass:\label{pg_response}
\begin{center}
@@ -1516,6 +1713,503 @@ horizontal stroke, and \emph{sunt} a diagonal stroke:
\end{center}
+\section{Ligature syntax for special characters}\label{pg:ligatures_start}
+
+The version 2.0 of \Missaali{} adds a way of accessing special
+characters as a ligature substitutions.
+
+\paragraph{Alternate character selection}
+
+Alternative variants of characters are accessed by adding a colon
+after them. Most of the variants are in the two-line initials and will
+be explained in the next section. A few of them are for normal
+characters:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}[c]{c@{ }c@{ }c c@{ }c@{ }cc@{ }c@{ }c c@{ }c@{ }cc@{ }c@{ }cc@{ }c@{ }cc@{ }c@{ }c}
+ \sample{G} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{G:} &
+ \sample{m} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{m:} &
+ \sample{r} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{r:} &
+ \sample{z} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{z:} \\
+
+ G & $\Rightarrow$ & G: &
+ m & $\Rightarrow$ & m: &
+ r & $\Rightarrow$ & r: &
+ z & $\Rightarrow$ & z: & \\
+
+
+ \sample{ä} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{ä:} &
+ \sample{æ} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{æ:} &
+ \sample{ö} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{ö:} &
+ \sample{œ} & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{œ:} \\
+
+
+ ä & $\Rightarrow$ & ä: &
+ æ & $\Rightarrow$ & æ: &
+ ö & $\Rightarrow$ & ö: &
+ œ & $\Rightarrow$ & œ: \\
+
+ \end{tabular}
+
+
+\end{center}
+
+\paragraph{Lombardic initials} The Lombardic initials are written by
+surrounding them with a plus sign. The two line initials are written
+with capital letters and one line initials with lower case ones.
+Alternate letter forms are written with one or more colons after the
+letter. For example:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccc}
+ \initsample{+S+} & \initsample{+S:+} & \sample{+s+} \\
+ +S+ & +S:+ & +s+ \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
+ \begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
+ \multicolumn{6}{l}{\textbf{Two-line initials}} \\
+ \hline
+\initsample{+A+} &
+\initsample{+A:+} &
+\initsample{+B+} &
+\initsample{+C+} &
+\initsample{+D+} &
+\initsample{+D:+} &
+\initsample{+D::+} &
+\initsample{+E+} \\
+
++A+ & +A:+ & +B+ & +C+ & +D+ & +D:+ & +D::+ & +E+ \\
+
+\initsample{+E:+} &
+\initsample{+F+} &
+\initsample{+G+} &
+\initsample{+H+} &
+\initsample{+I+} &
+\initsample{+I:+} &
+\initsample{+J+} &
+\initsample{+K+} \\
+
+
++E:+ & +F+ & +G+ & +H+ & +I+ & +I:+ & +J+ & +K+ \\
+
+\initsample{+L+} &
+\initsample{+M+} &
+\initsample{+M:+} &
+\initsample{+M::+} &
+\initsample{+N+} &
+\initsample{+N:+} &
+\initsample{+O+} &
+\initsample{+P+} \\
+
++L+ & +M+ & +M:+ & +M::+ & +N+ & +N;+ & +O+ & +P+\\
+
+\initsample{+Q+} &
+\initsample{+Q:+} &
+\initsample{+Q::+} &
+\initsample{+R+} &
+\initsample{+S+} &
+\initsample{+S:+} &
+\initsample{+S::+} &
+\initsample{+S:::+} \\
+
+
++Q+ & +Q:+ & +Q::+ & +R+ & +S+ & +S:+ & +S::+ & +S:::+ \\
+
+\initsample{+T+} &
+\initsample{+U+} &
+\initsample{+U:+} &
+\initsample{+V+} &
+\initsample{+V:+} &
+\initsample{+W+} &
+\initsample{+X+} &
+\initsample{+X:+} \\
+
++T+ & +U+ & +U: & +V+ & +V:+ & +W+ & +X+ & +X:+ \\
+
+\initsample{+Y+} &
+\initsample{+Z+} &
+\initsample{+Å+} &
+\initsample{+Ä+} &
+\initsample{+Ö+} &
+\initsample{+R:+} \\
+
++Y+ & +Z+ & +Å+ & +Ä+ & +Ö+ & +R:+ \\
+
+\multicolumn{6}{l}{\textbf{One-line initials}} \\
+
+
+\sample{+a+} &
+\sample{+b+} &
+\sample{+c+} &
+\sample{+d+} &
+\sample{+d:+} &
+\sample{+e+} &
+\sample{+f+} &
+\sample{+g+} \\
+
++a+ & +b+ & +c+ & +d+ & +d:+ & +e+ & +f+ & +g+ \\
+
+\sample{+h+} &
+\sample{+i+} &
+\sample{+j+} &
+\sample{+k+} &
+\sample{+l+} &
+\sample{+m+} &
+\sample{+n+} &
+\sample{+o+} \\
+
++h+ & +i+ & +j+ & +k+ & +l+ & +m+ & +n+ & +o+ \\
+
+\sample{+p+} &
+\sample{+q+} &
+\sample{+r+} &
+\sample{+s+} &
+\sample{+t+} &
+\sample{+u+} &
+\sample{+v+} &
+\sample{+w+} \\
+
++p+ & +q+ & +r+ & +s+s & +t+ & +u+ & +v+& +w+ \\
+
+\sample{+x+} &
+\sample{+y+} &
+\sample{+z+} &
+\sample{+å+} &
+\sample{+ä+} &
+\sample{+ö+} \\
+
++x+ & +y+ & +z+ & +å+ & +ä+ & +ö+ \\
+
+ \end{tabular}}
+\caption{Ligature substitutions for initials}\label{fig:initialligatures}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+The full set of initials is shown in
+figure~\ref{fig:initialligatures}.
+
+
+\paragraph{Abbreviation symbols}
+
+The abbreviation symbols are written inside brackets. In case there
+is more than one way to abbreviate a given string, that marked by
+adding one or more colons to the abbreviated string. In a few cases
+one symbol has more than one way to enter it:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccccc}
+ \sample{[par]} & \sample{[par:]} & \sample{[per]} \\
+ {}[par] & [par:] & [per]
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+
+The \emph{us} suffix abbreviation can also have a period added to it:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{c}
+ \sample{[us.]} \\
+ {}[us.]
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+The basic abbreviation ligatures are shown in figure \ref{tab:new_ligatures}.
+
+\begin{table}
+ \centering
+{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
+ \begin{tabular}{c@{ }c@{ }c@{\mbox{}\hspace{8mm}\mbox{}}c@{ }c@{ }c@{\mbox{}\hspace{8mm}\mbox{}}c@{ }c@{ }c}
+ \multicolumn{8}{l}{\textbf{Abbreviation ligature substitutions}}\\
+ \hline
+{}[bis] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[bis]} & {}[por] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[por]} & {}[quod] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quod]} \\
+{}[con] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[con]}& {}[prae] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[prae]}& {}[quod:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quod:]} \\
+{}[con:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[con:]} & {}[prae:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[prae:]}& {}[quoque] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quoque]} \\
+{}[dum] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[dum]} & {}[pro] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[pro]} & {}[ris] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[ris]} \\
+{}[et] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[et]} & {}[Pro] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[Pro]}& {}[rum] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[rum]} \\
+\hline
+{}[et:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[et:]} & {}[prop] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[prop]}& {}[r:um] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[r:um]} \\
+{}[etc] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[etc]}& {}[qua] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[qua]} & {}[se] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[se]} \\
+{}[hic] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[hic]} & {}[qua:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[qua:]} & {}[sec] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[sec]} \\
+{}[hoc] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[hoc]}& {}[quae] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quae]}& {}[sed] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[sed]} \\
+{}[is] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[is]} & {}[quam] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quam]} & {}[sm] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[sm]} \\
+\hline
+{}[lum] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[lum]} & {}[que] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[que]} & {}[sunt] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[sunt]} \\
+{}[mum] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[mum]} & {}[que:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[que:]}& {}[ter] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[ter]} \\
+{}[mur] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[mur]} & {}[qui] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[qui]} & {}[tur] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[tur]} \\
+{}[num] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[num]} & {}[quia] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quia]}& {}[uer] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[uer]} \\
+{}[par] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[par]} & {}[quid] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quid]}& {}[us] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[us]} \\
+\hline
+{}[par:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[par:]}& {}[quo] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quo]}& {}[us:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[us:]} \\
+{}[per] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[per]}& {}[quo:] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[quo:]}& {}[ver] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[ver]} \\
+{}[Per] & $\Rightarrow$ & \sample{[Per]} & \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Abbreviations as ligature subsitutions}
+ \label{tab:new_ligatures}
+}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}
+ \centering
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
+ \begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
+
+
+
+\sample{[´con]} &
+\sample{[`con]} &
+\sample{[;con]} &
+\sample{[°con]} &
+\sample{['con]} &
+\sample{["con]} &
+\sample{[~con]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^con]} \\
+
+{[´con]} &
+{[`con]} &
+{[;con]} &
+{[°con]} &
+{['con]} &
+{["con]} &
+{[\~{}con]} &
+{[\^{}con]} \\
+
+
+\sample{[´per]} &
+\sample{[`per]} &
+\sample{[;per]} &
+\sample{[°per]} &
+\sample{['per]} &
+\sample{["per]} &
+\sample{[~per]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^per]}\\
+
+{[´per]} &
+{[`per]} &
+{[;per]} &
+{[°per]} &
+{['per]} &
+{["per]} &
+{[\~{}per]} &
+{[\^{}per]} \\
+
+
+\sample{[´prae]} &
+\sample{[`prae]} &
+\sample{[;prae]} &
+\sample{[°prae]} &
+\sample{['prae]} &
+\sample{["prae]} &
+\sample{[~prae]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^prae]} \\
+
+{[´prae]} &
+{[`prae]} &
+{[;prae]} &
+{[°prae]} &
+{['prae]} &
+{["prae]} &
+{[\~{}prae]} &
+{[\^{}prae]} \\
+
+
+\sample{[´pro]} &
+\sample{[`pro]} &
+\sample{[;pro]} &
+\sample{[°pro]} &
+\sample{['pro]} &
+\sample{["pro]} &
+\sample{[~pro]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^pro]} \\
+
+
+{[´pro]} &
+{[`pro]} &
+{[;pro]} &
+{[°pro]} &
+{['pro]} &
+{["pro]} &
+{[\~{}pro]} &
+{[\^{}pro]} \\
+
+\sample{[´prop]} &
+\sample{[`prop]} &
+\sample{[;prop]} &
+\sample{[°prop]} &
+\sample{['prop]} &
+\sample{["prop]} &
+\sample{[~prop]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^prop]} \\
+
+{[´prop]} &
+{[`prop]} &
+{[;prop]} &
+{[°prop]} &
+{['prop]} &
+{["prop]} &
+{[\~{}prop]} &
+{[\^{}prop]}\\
+
+\sample{[´que]} &
+\sample{[`que]} &
+\sample{[;que]} &
+\sample{[°que]} &
+\sample{['que]} &
+\sample{["que]} &
+\sample{[~que]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^que]} \\
+
+{[´que]} &
+{[`que]} &
+{[;que]} &
+{[°que]} &
+{['que]} &
+{["que]} &
+{[\~{}que]} &
+{[\^{}que]} \\
+
+\sample{[´quo]} &
+\sample{[`quo]} &
+\sample{[;quo]} &
+\sample{[°quo]} &
+\sample{['quo]} &
+\sample{["quo]} &
+\sample{[~quo]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^quo]} \\
+
+{[´quo]} &
+{[`quo]} &
+{[;quo]} &
+{[°quo]} &
+{['quo]} &
+{["quo]} &
+{[\~{}quo]} &
+{[\^{}quo]} \\
+
+
+\sample{[´quod]} &
+\sample{[`quod]} &
+\sample{[;quod]} &
+\sample{[°quod]} &
+\sample{['quod]} &
+\sample{["quod]} &
+\sample{[~quod]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^quod]} \\
+
+
+{[´quod]} &
+{[`quod]} &
+{[;quod]} &
+{[°quod]} &
+{['quod]} &
+{["quod]} &
+{[\~{}quod]} &
+{[\^{}quod]} \\
+
+\sample{[´rum]} &
+\sample{[`rum]} &
+\sample{[;rum]} &
+\sample{[°rum]} &
+\sample{['rum]} &
+\sample{["rum]} &
+\sample{[~rum]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^rum]} \\
+
+{[´rum]} &
+{[`rum]} &
+{[;rum]} &
+{[°rum]} &
+{['rum]} &
+{["rum]} &
+{[\~{}rum]} &
+{[\^{}rum]} \\
+
+\sample{[´r:um]}&
+\sample{[~r:um]} &
+{\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont[^r:um]} \\
+
+{[´r:um]}&
+{[\~{}r:um]} &
+{[\^{}r:um]} \\
+
+
+
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Abbreviation marks added to abbreviation symbols}\label{tab:new_abbrv_ligatures}
+\end{table}
+\subsection{Abbreviation marks}
+
+The abbreviation marks are handled by writing an accent mark before
+the character. In theory, this should work automatically with unicode
+combining characters and no special handling from font is necessary,
+but in practice I have had trouble getting them to work with
+LaTeX\footnote{And I use LaTeX almost exclusively.} so I added the
+explicit ligature substitutions. This also allowed me to use some
+letters that are not technically accents for the substitutions. The
+different abbreviation marks map to accents (and other characters) as
+follows:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
+ % I would really like to know why the following works for caret
+ % but not using the \sample-command
+ \sample{~} & \sample{´} & {\mstexturafamily\fontsize{18}{18}\selectfont ^} & \sample{`} & \sample{'}\\
+ \~{} & ´ & \^{} & ` & ' \\
+ asciitilde & acute & asciicircumflex & grave & quotesingle\\
+ \\
+ \sample{"} & \sample{°} & \sample{;} & \sample{/} \\
+ " & ° & ; & / \\
+ quotedouble & degree & semicolon & slash \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+For example:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccccc}
+ \sample{o~mes} & \sample{prop´t} & \sample{no;b} & \sample{ap/lce}\\
+ o\~{}mes & prop´{}t & no;b & ap/lce \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+Some characters have a wider tilde available for them. That is
+accessed by using two tildes as a the prefix:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{cc}
+ \sample{~w} & \sample{~~w} \\
+ \~{}w & \~{}\~{}w
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+Abbreviation marks can be combined with abbreviation symbols by
+entering the mark as the first character inside the brackets. For
+example:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccccc}
+ \sample{[~per]} & \sample{[´prae]} & \sample{[°que]} \\
+ {}[\~{}per] & [´prae] & [°que] \\
+ \end{tabular}
+
+\end{center}
+
+
+
+
+
+\label{pg:ligatures_end}
+
+
+
\section{Old Finnish Ortography}
Missaali has support for typesetting Finnish using late 17th century
@@ -1526,18 +2220,20 @@ fraktur during the 16th century.
Finnish was not a written language when \emph{Missale Aboense} was
printed. Latin was the educated language, and everyday matters were
written in Swedish or German. Surviving Finnish texts are few and
-almost all are translations of prayers.
+almost all are translations of prayers.
The first long texts in Finnish were written by Mikael Agricola in the
16th century. He was the reformer of Finland and he translated the New
-Testament and large parts of the Old to Finnish. His texts are very
-difficult to read nowadays, as he based his ortography on Latin,
-Swedish, and German, all languages very different from Finnish. Over
-time it became evident that the written language should be
-systematized. This happened with the 1642 Bible translation, \emph{Se
- Coco Pyhä Ramatu}. This translation fixed the way Finnish was
-written for 150 years, and there were only small changes until the
-early 19th century.
+Testament and large parts of the Old to Finnish.\footnote{Later in his
+ career he was helped by other reformers, most notably Paavali
+ Juusten, and it is often difficult to determine who translated which
+ part of the text.} His texts are very difficult to read nowadays, as
+he based his ortography on Latin, Swedish, and German, all languages
+very different from Finnish. Over time it became evident that the
+written language should be systematized. This happened with the 1642
+Bible translation, \emph{Se Coco Pyhä Ramatu}. This translation fixed
+the way Finnish was written for 150 years, and there were only small
+changes until the early 19th century.
Missaali has an OpenType feature (\feature{ss16}, \feature{ordn}) that
implements a number of contextual substitutions for cases where the
@@ -1671,6 +2367,11 @@ standard tags for describing its behaviors. Abusing the existing
standard tags is the only way to get the features to work in programs
that do not support arbitrary tags.
+Most of the features mentioned here are not necessary anymore with the
+ligature syntax introduced in \Missaali{} 2.0 but they are left in the
+font so that documents written using earlier versions of the font
+still work. See section~\ref{pg:ligatures_start}.
+
The features implementing abbreviation marks have two additional names
defined for them. This is because of how the current version of the
\texttt{fontspec} package of XeLaTeX works. The problem is that
@@ -1686,8 +2387,7 @@ page~\pageref{pg:fontspec_problems} for details.
This tag maps all letters to all variant forms and abbreviations that
make use of the symbol. This is a special feature that is supported by
-some programs. However, none of those that I have easy access to
-supports it, this isn't debugged and it may or may not work.
+many programs.
\paragraph{\feature{calt} — Contextual alternatives}
@@ -1748,7 +2448,8 @@ characters to medieval forms where \emph{e} is set over the top of
The feature \feature{liga} implements the standard ligature
substitution. This implements the fusion of bowls of adjacent letters
as well as several substitutions for \emph{f} and long \emph{s}. This
-should usually be turned on for the whole document.
+should usually be turned on for the whole document. The abbreviation
+ligature syntax is also handled with \feature{liga}.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccc}
@@ -1784,6 +2485,9 @@ This feature enables some abbreviations that are not in \emph{Missale
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
+This feature also converts some letters that were changed in font
+version 2.0 back to the forms that they had in version 1.0.
+
\paragraph{\feature{ss03}, \feature{frac} — Alternate abbreviations}
This set works like \feature{dlig} but it uses a different
@@ -2071,6 +2775,7 @@ Changes some of the Lombardic initials into their alternate forms:
\newcommand{\ltxcmdtwo}[3]{\texttt{\textbackslash{}#1\{#2\}\{#3\}}}
\newcommand{\ltxcmdthree}[4]{\texttt{\textbackslash{}#1\{#2\}\{#3\}\{#4\}}}
\newcommand{\ltxcmdfour}[5]{\texttt{\textbackslash{}#1\{#2\}\{#3\}\{#4\}\{#5\}}}
+\newcommand{\ltxcmdfive}[6]{\texttt{\textbackslash{}#1\{#2\}\{#3\}\{#4\}\{#5\}\{#6\}}}
The file \texttt{missaali.sty} defines the package \texttt{missaali}
@@ -2083,6 +2788,10 @@ typesetting conventions.
\paragraph{The problem with \texttt{fontspec} contexts}
+\emph{Note! Most of these problems can be avoided by using ligature
+ substitutions for abbreviations. However, they can still crop up,
+ for example, when using different colors for letters.}
+
\begin{figure}
\centering \fbox{\begin{tabular}{llll}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Problem} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Solution} \\
@@ -2123,8 +2832,8 @@ typesetting conventions.
Missaali has contextual substitutions where different forms of letters
are substituted based on where in the word they occur. The most
important of these are the rotunda \emph{r} and the long \emph{s}. The
-current version of \texttt{fontspec}\footnote{Version 2.3c in Texlive
- 2013} has the problem that the feature boundaries break the
+current version of \texttt{fontspec}\footnote{Version 2.7i in Texlive
+ 2021} has the problem that the feature boundaries break the
substitution contexts. This happens with abbreviation symbols as well
as when using colored initials. For example, here are three different
ways to write \emph{usque}:\footnote{Command \ltxcmd{msabbr}{}{} is a
@@ -2175,15 +2884,16 @@ the \feature{ltXX} feature and another using \feature{lrXX}.
\subsection{Typesetting Textura Blocks}
-Textura was set using two justified columns with only 24–26 characters
-per line. Automatic typesetting algorithms, including the one used by
-TeX, work very poorly with justified short lines. It is necessary to
-help the algorithm by selecting suitable line break points and
-hyphenating words by hand. Using abbreviations makes setting the lines
-a bit easier, but the cost is that the modern audience will not
-understand them.
+Textura was usually set using two justified columns with only 24–26
+characters per line, though late 15th century saw rise of using only
+wide column especially in secular books. Automatic typesetting
+algorithms, including the one used by TeX, work very poorly with
+justified short lines. It is necessary to help the algorithm by
+selecting suitable line break points and hyphenating words by hand.
+Using abbreviations makes setting the lines a bit easier, but the cost
+is that the modern audience will not understand them.
-The style file defines four environments: \ltxenv{mstextura},
+The style file defines three environments: \ltxenv{mstextura},
\ltxenv{mstexturablocks}, and \ltxenv{mstexturablock} for setting the
text. The first sets complete two-column pages in Missaali, the second
sets two-column Missaali that is intended to fit inside one page that
@@ -2198,6 +2908,8 @@ layout:\label{pag:environments}
\item they add infinitely stretchable glue to the word space to force
justification; and
\item they add space also to the left side of punctuation symbols.
+\item they change \~{} and \^{} to be ordinary characters so that they
+ can be used for ligature substitutions.
\end{enumerate}
When \ltxncmd{obeylines} is in effect, LaTeX doesn't hyphenate any
@@ -2222,6 +2934,13 @@ When setting text with Missaali, I've used the following approach:
them so that the last line is also full.
\end{enumerate}
+\paragraph{Using the manuscript spacing}
+
+While printed textura was almost universally justified, manuscripts
+were not. Version 2.0 adds option \feature{ManuscriptSpacing} that
+prevents the automatic justification from happening.
+
+
\subsection{Defining Font and Block Sizes}
There are four parameters that alter the layout of textura blocks.
@@ -2322,6 +3041,97 @@ a page in one call.
\subsection{Initials}
+The style file contains macros for setting the two size of intials in
+different colors as well as for creating two-line chapter beginnings.
+
+There are three predefined colors:
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccc}
+ \sample{\mschapterinitial{R}} &
+ \sample{\mschapterinitialgreen{G}} &
+ \sample{\mschapterinitialblue{B}} \\
+ \\
+ \\
+ Red & Green & Blue \\
+ 55e47 & 62876e & 455f9b \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+The red and blue correspond to the inks used in \emph{Missale Aboense}
+while the green matches the ink used in \emph{Codex Aboensis} that is
+a 1430s manuscript.\footnote{In the sRGB color space}.
+
+The two-line initials are created with four commands that have the
+same forms. They all set the initials hanging down so if you use them
+directly, you need to ensure that there is enough space underneath.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mschapterinitial}{initial}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a red two-line chapter initial. For letters that have alternate
+forms, you can add colons to access them.
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccc}
+ \sample{\mschapterinitial{M}} &
+ \sample{\mschapterinitial{M:}} & \sample{\mschapterinitial{M::}}
+ \\
+ \\
+ \\
+ \ltxcmd{mschapterinitial}{M} &
+ \ltxcmd{mschapterinitial}{M:} &
+ \ltxcmd{mschapterinitial}{M::} \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mschapterinitialblue}{initial}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a blue two-line chapter initial.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mschapterinitialgreen}{initial}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a green two-line chapter initial.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mschapterinitialwithcolor}{initial}{color}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a two-line chapter initial with a specified color.
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{c}
+ \sample{\mschapterinitialwithcolor{A}{ff00ff}}
+ \\
+ \\
+ \\
+ \ltxcmdtwo{mschapterinitialwithcolor}{A}{ff00ff}
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msparinitial}{initial}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a one line high red Lombardic initial.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msparinitialblue}{initial}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a one line high blueLombardic initial.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msparinitialgreen}{initial}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a one line high green Lombardic initial.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmdtwo{msparinitialwithcolor}{initial}{color}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a one line high green Lombardic initial in a specified color:
+
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{c}
+ \sample{\msparinitialwithcolor{M}{ff00ff}}
+ \\
+ \ltxcmdtwo{msparinitialwithcolor}{M}{ff00ff}
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+
+
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
@@ -2376,14 +3186,14 @@ Erico in Svecia, venerabilis
& \begin{minipage}{6.3cm}
\fontsize{18}{18}\fontspec[RawFeature=+ss17;]{Missaali}\msmanualspacing
\msrubric{De vita sancto henrici e\mstdacc{p}{piscop}i}
-\msstartchapterwithrubricblue{Lectio}{R}{Egnante illus-\ }{trissimo rege sancto}
+\msstartchapterwithrubricgreen{Lectio}{R}{Egnante illus-\ }{trissimo rege sancto}
Erico in Svecia, venerabilis
\end{minipage} \\
\\
& \begin{minipage}{10cm}
\begin{verbatim}
\msrubric{De vita sancto henrici e\mstdacc{p}{piscop}i}
-\msstartchapterwithrubricblue{Lectio}{R}{%
+\msstartchapterwithrubricgreen{Lectio}{R}{%
Egnante illus-\ }{trissimo rege sancto}
Erico in Svecia, venerabilis
\end{verbatim}
@@ -2394,10 +3204,7 @@ Erico in Svecia, venerabilis
\end{figure}
-The style file contains four macros for setting the first two lines of
-a text. They set a Lombardic initial in either red or blue, and
-possibly an additional partial line rubric in red at the end of the
-first line. See figure~\ref{fig:chapterstarts} for examples.
+
\paragraph{\ltxcmdthree{msstartchapter}{initial}{first line}{second
line}}\mbox{}\\
@@ -2414,6 +3221,16 @@ contents of the \texttt{first line} and the \texttt{second line} to
its right indented by the proper abount. This is shown in
figure~\ref{fig:chapterstarts}b.
+\paragraph{\ltxcmdthree{msstartchaptergreen}{initial}{first line}{second line}}\mbox{}\\
+
+This sets a two-line \texttt{initial} in green, and then the
+contents of the \texttt{first line} and the \texttt{second line} to
+its right indented by the proper abount.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmdfour{msstartchapterwithcolor}{initial}{first line}{second line}{color}}\mbox{}\\
+
+Sets a two-line chapter start like the previous macros but with a
+specifid initial color.
\paragraph{\ltxcmdfour{msstartchapterwithrubric}{rubric}{initial}{first}{second}}\mbox{}\\
@@ -2425,13 +3242,25 @@ See figure~\ref{fig:chapterstarts}c.
\paragraph{\ltxcmdfour{msstartchapterwithrubricblue}{rubric}{initial}{first}{second}}\mbox{}\\
-This sets a two-line \texttt{initial} in blue, and the contents of the
+As previous, but sets the \texttt{initial} in blue and \texttt{rubric} in red.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmdfour{msstartchapterwithrubricgreen}{rubric}{initial}{first}{second}}\mbox{}\\
+
+This sets a two-line \texttt{initial} in green, and the contents of the
\texttt{first line} and at its end the \texttt{rubric} in red. The
second line is set as in the previous commands. See
figure~\ref{fig:chapterstarts}d. That figure also shows how to add a
rubric in red in front above the chapter start using the command
\ltxncmd{msrubric}.
+\paragraph{\ltxcmdfive{msstartchapterwithrubricandcolors}{r}{i}{f}{s}{color1\}\{color2}}
+\mbox{} \\
+
+This sets a chapter start with a partial line rubric in two colors:
+\texttt{color1} is the color of the initial and the rubric is in
+\texttt{color2}.
+
+
\paragraph{Alternate initial I} The macro \ltxncmd{initialI} sets the
tall version of initial I in blue into the margin or gutter using a
very large size. As the letter is not in the text block, the next line
@@ -2451,6 +3280,10 @@ always used as a pair where rubric is first and the line is next.
\subsection{Abbreviations}
+\emph{NOTE! With \Missaali{} 2.0 it is better to use ligature
+ substitutions to handle abbreviations! The old way of using them is
+ still in the font, but you shouldn't use it for new texts.}
+
There are two different ways how abbreviations are handled in
\texttt{missaali.sty}. The abbreviations with specific meanings are
handled as ligatures while abbreviation marks are simple letter
@@ -2546,79 +3379,102 @@ macro is \texttt{X}, then the commands have the form:
There are several additional macros for accessing other symbols of the
font.
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{msmanualspacing}} Turns on the manually-adjusted
-spacing for text. See page~\pageref{pag:environments}.
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{msmanualspacing}} \mbox{} \\
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{msaltpunctuation}} Switches to use alternate
-punctuation marks.
+Turns on the manually-adjusted spacing for text. See
+page~\pageref{pag:environments}.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msparinitial}{character}}
-Sets a one-line high Lombardic initial in red.
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{msaltpunctuation}} \mbox{} \\
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msparinitialblue}{character}}
-Sets a one-line high Lombardic initial in blue.
+Switches to use alternate punctuation marks.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msinit}{letter}}
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msinit}{letter}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts a Lombardic initial using the current size and color.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msinita}{letter}}
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msinita}{letter}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts an alternate form of a Lombardic initial using the current
size and color.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msrubric}{text}}
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msrubric}{text}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts \texttt{text} in red.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msrubricblue}{text}}
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msrubricblue}{text}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts \texttt{text} in blue.
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{mspara}}
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msrubricgreen}{text}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Inserts \texttt{text} in green.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{mspara}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts a red paragraph symbol.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mstdl}{character}}
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mstdl}{character}} \mbox{} \\
Turns on the liturgical variants of the symbols. Namely, it turns
\emph{r} to the response symbol, \emph{v} and \emph{V} to two
different versicle symbols, and the period to the cross.
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{rotundar}}
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{rotundar}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts a forced \emph{r}-rotunda to a place where ordinary contextual
substitution rules would place a straight \emph{r}.
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{straighr}}
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{straighr}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts a forced straight \emph{r} in a place where the contextual
substitution rules would place a \emph{r}-rotunda.
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{shorts}}
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{shorts}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts a forced short \emph{s} in a place where the contextual
substitution rules would place a long \emph{s}.
-\paragraph{\ltxncmd{longs}}
+\paragraph{\ltxncmd{longs}} \mbox{} \\
Inserts a forced long \emph{s} in a place where the contextual
substitution fules would place a short \emph{s}.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msnoliga}{text}} Turns off the standard ligature
-substitution for its argument.
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{msnoliga}{text}} \mbox{} \\
+Turns off the standard ligature substitution for its argument.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mspartialrubric}{text}} Sets \texttt{text} at the
-right end of the current line in red. This has to be used together
-with \ltxncmd{mspartialline} and in the correct order with rubric
-coming before the line.
-\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mspartialline}{text}} Sets \texttt{text}
-right end of the current line in red. This has to be used together
-with \ltxncmd{mspartialrubric} and in the correct order with rubric
-coming before the line.
-
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mspartialrubric}{text}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets \texttt{text} at the right end of the current line in red. This
+has to be used together with \ltxncmd{mspartialline} and in the
+correct order with rubric coming before the line.
+
+It is usually simpler to use \ltxncmd{msrubric} directly to make a
+line with rubrics at the end. The use case for
+\ltxncmd{mspartialrubric} and \ltxncmd{mspartialline} commands is when
+you want to make text that has some deliberate issues with spacinb
+between the texts of different colors.
+
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mspartialrubricblue}{text}} \mbox{} \\
+
+As above but in blue.
+
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mspartialrubricgreen}{text}} \mbox{} \\
+
+As above but in green.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmdtwo{mspartialrubricwithcolor}{text}{color}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a partial rubric in given \texttt{color}.
+
+\paragraph{\ltxcmd{mspartialline}{text}} \mbox{} \\
+
+Sets a partial line of \texttt{text} with a rubric after it. The
+rubric needs to be set with one of the \ltxncmd{mspartialrubric}
+commands just before it.
\subsection{Package options}
@@ -2631,17 +3487,20 @@ package-level options available:
\emph{ö} where there is a small \emph{e} letter in place of dieresis
(\feature{hist}).
-\paragraph{AltG} Use variant form of \emph{G} (\feature{ss22}).
+\paragraph{\feature{ManuscriptSpacing}} Do not force column
+justification and instead typeset ragged lines.
+
+\paragraph{\feature{AltG}} Use variant form of \emph{G} (\feature{ss22}).
-\paragraph{AltZ} Use variant form of \emph{Z} (\feature{ss19}).
+\paragraph{\feature{AltZ}} Use variant form of \emph{Z} (\feature{ss19}).
-\paragraph{FusePo} Use fused \emph{po}-ligature.
+\paragraph{\feature{FusePo}} Use fused \emph{po}-ligature.
\paragraph{\feature{OldFinnish}} Use 1642 Finnish ortographic
conventions (\feature{ss16}).
After setting the options, you can change to Missaali using the
-command \ltxncmd{texturafamily}. This command also changes the
+command \ltxncmd{mstexturafamily}. This command also changes the
\ltxncmd{emph} command to use red color for emphasis instead of
italics and sets paragraph indentation to zero.
@@ -2714,12 +3573,14 @@ for making the font as it has a good support for OpenType features and
it is much easier to use than FontForge. The version that I used
(1.4.2 (554)) had an annoying bug where it occasionally deleted the
undo history, but on the whole it is the best of all font editors that
-I've tried.
+I've tried.\footnote{The version 2.0 of the font was made with Glyphs (3.0.2).}
After making the basic alphabet and the basic ligatures, I turned to
creating the missing letters \emph{W, Y}, and \emph{Z}. The \emph{Z}
is essentially an enlarged \emph{z} while the other two letters are
-based on \emph{U}.
+based on \emph{U}.\footnote{For version 2.0 of the font I replaced
+ \emph{Y} by an enlarged \emph{y} because Ghotan didn't use specific
+ capital \emph{Y} in any of the books that he printed}.
The next step was to run the \texttt{checkOutlines} script of the
\emph{Adobe FDK} took suite to check that the glyphs were valid. Most
@@ -2766,10 +3627,27 @@ might not be searchable.
The very final step was to run the \emph{autohint} tool of the
\emph{Adobe FDK} to create the font hints. The tool gave a number of
-suggetstions how the glyphs could be changed for better hinting. I
+suggestions how the glyphs could be changed for better hinting. I
followed some but not all of the suggestions as hinting is not so
important for a large-size font as it is for body text fonts.
+The version 2.0 of the font was a drawn out process where I
+first occasionally added a new symbol that I missed when using the
+font. Then I found out that \emph{Kungliga biblioteket} had digitized
+copies of Ghotan's other books available for download, so I started to
+hunt for missing letters from there. I managed to find quite a few
+initials that I added to font. There are still a couple initial
+variants that I didn't add because they were small modifications of
+\emph{M} and \emph{Q} and there were already a lot of those.
+
+When I was making the font \emph{Aboensis}\footnote{\emph{Aboensis} is
+ still unreleased but I hope to get it out in 2021.} that is based
+on a 15th century Swedish cursive book hand, I realized that using
+font features to access abbreviation symbols did not work for it
+because there were far too many issues with context breaks within
+words. I came up with the idea of using ligature substitutions for
+accessing abbreviations. This worked so well in practice, that I
+ported the same functionality to \emph{Missaali}.
\section{Symbols in Missaali}
@@ -2882,12 +3760,12 @@ in tabe{rn}a mori, ubi vina {pro}
xima morientis ori. tunc can-
tabunt leti{us} angelo\msabbr{rum} chori:
sit {deu}s \msabbr{prop}itius isti potatori.
-\msparinitial{P}oculis accenditur animi
+\strut\msrubric{\smash{+p+}}oculis accenditur animi
lucerna, cor imbutum necta-
re volat ad superna. michi
sapit dulcius vin{um} de taber-
na, {quam} quod aqua miscuit
-{prae}sulis p\mstdacc{i}{in}cerna. \msparinitial{T}ales ver-
+{prae}sulis p\mstdacc{i}{in}cerna. \msrubric{\smash{+t+}}ales ver-
sus facio, {qua}le vinum bibo,
nichil possum fac\mstdracc{e}{er}e nisi s\mstdacc{u}{um}p-
to cibo: nichil valent \mstdacc{pe}{pen}itus,
@@ -2903,7 +3781,7 @@ mus, quid aga{tur} in taberna
, ubi nu{mm}us est pincerna,
hoc est opus, ut queratur,
sed {quid} loquar audia{tur}.
-\msparinitial{Q}uidam ludunt, {qui}dam
+\strut\smash{\msrubric{+q+}}uidam ludunt, {qui}dam
bib\mstdacc{u}{un}t, {qui}dam indiscrete vi-
vunt, {sed} in ludo {qui} moran-
tur, ex his {qui}dam denudan-
@@ -2950,7 +3828,7 @@ ad gloriam dei, et iust\mstdacc{u}{um} tran-
quillumque regimen sub- dito{rum} capita populorum
tam concordit\mstdracc{e}{er} convenerunt.
-\msstartchapterwithrubric{Lectio}{E}{Dificabatur illo}{%
+\msstartchapterwithrubric{Lectio}{E}{\mbox{Dificabatur illo}}{%
in t\mstdacc{e}{em}{por}e e{ccles}ia cres-}
cens in timore dei, rectifica-
bantur leges, {quas} simples
@@ -3034,7 +3912,7 @@ Iherusalem c\mstdacc{u}{um} g\mstdacc{l}{orio}si palma
triumphi feliciter introivit.
\msstartchapterwithrubric{Lectio}{P}{%
- Ostmodum ille}{%
+ \mbox{Ostmodum ille}}{%
scelest\msabbr{us} occisor, tollens}
de capite sancti p\mstdacc{o}{on}tificis bir-
retum, \msabbr{quod} gestare \msabbr{con}sueverat,