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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/fonts-tlwg/examples/oldnum.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/fonts-tlwg/examples/oldnum.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b42a6431976 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/fonts-tlwg/examples/oldnum.tex @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +\documentclass[a4paper]{article} +\usepackage[thai]{babel} +\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} +\usepackage[norasi-osf]{fonts-tlwg} + +\usepackage[bf,sc]{titlesec} + +% For "มงคล 38 ประการ" +\usepackage{enumitem} + +\newcommand{\texturl}[1]{\textit{#1}} + +\title{Old Style Figures Demonstration} +\author{} +\date{} + +\newcommand{\pali}[1]{\textit{\textpali{#1}}} +\newcommand{\source}[2]{% + \par\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt} + \emph{#1:} #2} + +\begin{document} +\maketitle + +\section{Ten Commandments} + +\begin{enumerate} + \item I am the Lord thy God. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. + Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image. + \item Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. + \item Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. + \item Honour thy father and thy mother. + \item Thou shalt not murder. + \item Thou shalt not commit adultery. + \item Thou shalt not steal. + \item Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. + \item Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife. + \item Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, + or his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour. +\end{enumerate} + +You shall set up these stones, which I command you today, on Mount Gerizim. + +\source{Source}{% + Wikipedia + \texturl{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten\_Commandments}} + +\section{มงคล 38 ประการ} + +สมัยหนึ่ง พระผู้มีพระภาคประทับอยู่ ณ พระวิหารเชตวัน อารามของท่านอนาถบิณฑิกเศรษฐี +ใกล้พระนครสาวัตถี ครั้งนั้นแล ครั้นปฐมยามล่วงไป เทวดาตนหนึ่งมีรัศมีงามยิ่งนัก +ยังพระวิหารเชตวันทั้งสิ้นให้สว่างไสว เข้าไปเฝ้าพระผู้มีพระภาคถึงที่ประทับ ถวายบังคมแล้วยืนอยู่ ณ +ที่ควรส่วนข้างหนึ่ง ครั้นแล้ว ได้กราบทูลพระผู้มีพระภาคด้วยคาถาว่า + +\begin{quote} +เทวดาและมนุษย์เป็นอันมาก ผู้หวังความสวัสดี ได้พากันคิดมงคลทั้งหลาย ขอพระองค์จงตรัสอุดมมงคล +\end{quote} + +พระผู้มีพระภาคตรัสพระคาถาตอบว่า (จัดหมวดหมู่ตามบทคาถา) + +\subsection{ฝึกให้เป็นคนดี} +\begin{enumerate} + \item \pali{อเสวนา จ พาลานํ} (การไม่คบคนพาล ๑) + \item \pali{ปณฺฑิตานญฺจ เสวนา} (การคบบัณฑิต ๑) + \item \pali{ปูชา จ ปูชนียานํ} (การบูชาบุคคลที่ควรบูชา ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{สร้างความพร้อมในการฝึกตนเอง} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{ปฏิรูปเทสวาโส จ} (การอยู่ในประเทศอันสมควร ๑) + \item \pali{ปุพฺเพ จ กตปุญฺญตา} (ความเป็นผู้มีบุญอันกระทำแล้วในกาลก่อน ๑) + \item \pali{อตฺตสมฺมาปณิธิ จ} (การตั้งตนไว้ชอบ ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{ฝึกตนให้เป็นคนมีประโยชน์} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{พาหุสจฺจญฺจ} (พาหุสัจจะ ๑ ---มีความรอบรู้, ความเป็นพหูสูต) + \item \pali{สิปฺปญฺจ} (ศิลป ๑) + \item \pali{วินโย จ สุสิกฺขิโต} (วินัยที่ศึกษาดีแล้ว ๑) + \item \pali{สุภาสิตา จ ยา วาจา} (วาจาสุภาษิต ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{บำเพ็ญประโยชน์ต่อครอบครัว} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{มาตาปิตุอุปฏฺฐานํ} (การบำรุงบิดามารดา ๑) + \item \pali{ปุตฺตสงฺคโห} (การเลี้ยงดูบุตร ๑ ---แยกมาจาก \pali{ปุตฺตทารสฺส สงฺคโห}) + \item \pali{ทารสฺส สงฺคโห} (การสงเคราะห์ภรรยา-สามี ๑ + ---แยกมาจาก \pali{ปุตฺตทารสฺส สงฺคโห}) + \item \pali{อนากุลา จ กมฺมนฺตา} (การงานอันไม่อากูล ๑ ---การงานไม่คั่งค้าง) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{บำเพ็ญประโยชน์ต่อสังคม} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{ทานญฺจ} (ทาน ๑) + \item \pali{ธมฺมจริยา จ} (การประพฤติธรรม ๑) + \item \pali{ญาตกานญฺจ สงฺคโห} (การสงเคราะห์ญาติ ๑) + \item \pali{อนวชฺชานิ กมฺมานิ} (กรรมอันไม่มีโทษ ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{ปรับเตรียมสภาพใจให้พร้อม} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{อารตี วิรตี ปาปา} (การงดเว้นจากบาป ๑) + \item \pali{มชฺชปานา จ สญฺญโม} (ความสำรวมจากการดื่มน้ำเมา ๑) + \item \pali{อปฺปมาโท จ ธมฺเมสุ} (ความไม่ประมาทในธรรมทั้งหลาย ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{การแสวงหาธรรมะเบื้องต้นใส่ตัว} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{คารโว จ} (ความเคารพ ๑) + \item \pali{นิวาโต จ} (ความประพฤติถ่อมตน ๑) + \item \pali{สนฺตุฏฺฐี จ} (ความสันโดษ ๑) + \item \pali{กตญฺญุตา} (ความกตัญญู ๑) + \item \pali{กาเลน ธมฺมสฺสวนํ} (การฟังธรรมโดยกาล ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{การแสวงหาธรรมะเบื้องสูงใส่ตัวให้เต็มที่} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{ขนฺตี จ} (ความอดทน ๑) + \item \pali{โสวจสฺสตา} (ความเป็นผู้ว่าง่าย ๑) + \item \pali{สมณานญฺจ ทสฺสนํ} (การได้เห็นสมณะทั้งหลาย ๑) + \item \pali{กาเลน ธมฺมสากจฺฉา} (การสนทนาธรรมโดยกาล ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{การฝึกภาคปฏิบัติเพื่อกำจัดกิเลสให้สิ้นไป} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{ตโป จ} (ความเพียร ๑) + \item \pali{พฺรหฺมจริยญฺจ} (พรหมจรรย์ ๑) + \item \pali{อริยสจฺจานทสฺสนํ} (การเห็นอริยสัจ ๑) + \item \pali{นิพฺพานสจฺฉิกิริยา จ} (การกระทำนิพพานให้แจ้ง ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +\subsection{ผลจากการปฏิบัติตนจนหมดกิเลส} +\begin{enumerate}[resume] + \item \pali{ผุฏฺฐสฺส โลกธมฺเมหิ จิตฺตํ ยสฺส น กมฺปติ} (จิตของผู้ใดอันโลกธรรมทั้งหลายถูกต้องแล้ว + ย่อมไม่หวั่นไหว ๑) + \item \pali{อโสกํ} (ไม่เศร้าโศก ๑) + \item \pali{วิรชํ} (ปราศจากธุลี ๑) + \item \pali{เขมํ} (เป็นจิตเกษม ๑) +\end{enumerate} +\pali{เอตมฺมงฺคลมุตฺตมํ ฯ} (นี้เป็นอุดมมงคล) + +เทวดาและมนุษย์ทั้งหลาย ทำมงคลเช่นนี้แล้ว เป็นผู้ไม่ปราชัยในข้าศึกทุกหมู่เหล่า +ย่อมถึงความสวัสดีในที่ทุกสถาน นี้เป็นอุดมมงคลของเทวดาและมนุษย์เหล่านั้น ฯ + +\source{ที่มา}{% + \begin{itemize} + \item มงคลสูตรในขุททกปาฐะ พระสุตตันตปิฎก ขุททกนิกาย \\ + \texturl{https://84000.org/tipitaka/book/v.php?B=25\&A=41\&Z=72} และ \\ + \texturl{https://84000.org/tipitaka/pali/pali\_item\_s.php?book=25\&item=5\&items=2} + \item พ่อน้องกันต์. มงคลชีวิต 38 ประการ. + \texturl{https://www.gotoknow.org/posts/382786} + \end{itemize}} + +\section{Reply from the Observatory of Cambridge} + +Barbicane, however, lost not one moment amid all the enthusiasm of which he +had become the object. His first care was to reassemble his colleagues in the +board-room of the Gun Club. There, after some discussion, it was agreed to +consult the astronomers regarding the astronomical part of the enterprise. +Their reply once ascertained, they could then discuss the mechanical means, and +nothing should be wanting to ensure the success of this great experiment. + +A note couched in precise terms, containing special interrogatories, was then +drawn up and addressed to the Observatory of Cambridge in Massachusetts. This +city, where the first university of the United States was founded, is justly +celebrated for its astronomical staff. There are to be found assembled all the +most eminent men of science. Here is to be seen at work that powerful telescope +which enabled Bond to resolve the nebula of Andromeda, and Clarke to discover +the satellite of Sirius. This celebrated institution fully justified on all +points the confidence reposed in it by the Gun Club. So, after two days, the +reply so impatiently awaited was placed in the hands of President Barbicane. + +It was couched in the following terms: + +\emph{The Director of the Cambridge Observatory to the President of the Gun Club at Baltimore.} + +CAMBRIDGE, October 7. On the receipt of your favor of the 6th instant, +addressed to the Observatory of Cambridge in the name of the members of the +Baltimore Gun Club, our staff was immediately called together, and it was +judged expedient to reply as follows: + +The questions which have been proposed to it are these--- + +``1.~Is it possible to transmit a projectile up to the moon? + +``2.~What is the exact distance which separates the earth from its satellite? + +``3.~What will be the period of transit of the projectile when endowed with +sufficient initial velocity? and, consequently, at what moment ought it to be +discharged in order that it may touch the moon at a particular point? + +``4.~At what precise moment will the moon present herself in the most favorable +position to be reached by the projectile? + +``5.~What point in the heavens ought the cannon to be aimed at which is +intended to discharge the projectile? + +``6.~What place will the moon occupy in the heavens at the moment of the +projectile’s departure?'' + +Regarding the \emph{first} question, ``Is it possible to transmit a projectile +up to the moon?'' + +\emph{Answer.}---Yes; provided it possess an initial velocity of 1,200 yards per +second; calculations prove that to be sufficient. In proportion as we recede +from the earth the action of gravitation diminishes in the inverse ratio of the +square of the distance; that is to say, \emph{at three times a given distance +the action is nine times less.} Consequently, the weight of a shot will +decrease, and will become reduced to zero at the instant that the attraction of +the moon exactly counterpoises that of the earth; that is to say at 47/52 of +its passage. At that instant the projectile will have no weight whatever; and, +if it passes that point, it will fall into the moon by the sole effect of the +lunar attraction. The \emph{theoretical possibility} of the experiment is +therefore absolutely demonstrated; its \emph{success} must depend upon the +power of the engine employed. + +As to the \emph{second} question, ``What is the exact distance which separates +the earth from its satellite?'' + +\emph{Answer.}---The moon does not describe a \emph{circle} round the earth, +but rather an \emph{ellipse,} of which our earth occupies one of the +\emph{foci;} the consequence, therefore, is, that at certain times it +approaches nearer to, and at others it recedes farther from, the earth; in +astronomical language, it is at one time in \emph{apogee,} at another in +\emph{perigee.} Now the difference between its greatest and its least distance +is too considerable to be left out of consideration. In point of fact, in its +apogee the moon is 247,552 miles, and in its perigee, 218,657 miles only +distant; a fact which makes a difference of 28,895 miles, or more than +one-ninth of the entire distance. The perigee distance, therefore, is that +which ought to serve as the basis of all calculations. + +To the \emph{third} question:--- + +\emph{Answer.}---If the shot should preserve continuously its initial velocity +of 12,000 yards per second, it would require little more than nine hours to +reach its destination; but, inasmuch as that initial velocity will be +continually decreasing, it will occupy 300,000 seconds, that is 83hrs.\ 20m.\ in +reaching the point where the attraction of the earth and moon will be in +\emph{equilibrio.} From this point it will fall into the moon in 50,000 +seconds, or 13hrs.\ 53m.\ 20sec. It will be desirable, therefore, to discharge +it 97hrs.\ 13m.\ 20sec.\ before the arrival of the moon at the point aimed at. + +Regarding question \emph{four,} ``At what precise moment will the moon present +herself in the most favorable position, etc.?'' + +\emph{Answer.}---After what has been said above, it will be necessary, first of +all, to choose the period when the moon will be in perigee, and \emph{also} the +moment when she will be crossing the zenith, which latter event will further +diminish the entire distance by a length equal to the radius of the earth, +\emph{i.~e.}\ 3,919 miles; the result of which will be that the final passage +remaining to be accomplished will be 214,976 miles. But although the moon +passes her perigee every month, she does not reach the zenith always \emph{at +exactly the same moment.} She does not appear under these two conditions +simultaneously, except at long intervals of time. It will be necessary, +therefore, to wait for the moment when her passage in perigee shall coincide +with that in the zenith. Now, by a fortunate circumstance, on the 4th of +December in the ensuing year the moon \emph{will} present these two conditions. +At midnight she will be in perigee, that is, at her shortest distance from the +earth, and at the same moment she will be crossing the zenith. + +On the \emph{fifth} question, ``At what point in the heavens ought the cannon +to be aimed?'' + +\emph{Answer.}---The preceding remarks being admitted, the cannon ought to be +pointed to the zenith of the place. Its fire, therefore, will be perpendicular +to the plane of the horizon; and the projectile will soonest pass beyond the +range of the terrestrial attraction. But, in order that the moon should reach +the zenith of a given place, it is necessary that the place should not exceed +in latitude the declination of the luminary; in other words, it must be +comprised within the degrees 0$^\circ$ and 28$^\circ$ of lat.\ N.\ or S. +In every other spot the fire must necessarily be oblique, which would seriously +militate against the success of the experiment. + +As to the \emph{sixth} question, ``What place will the moon occupy in the +heavens at the moment of the projectile’s departure?'' + +\emph{Answer.}---At the moment when the projectile shall be discharged into +space, the moon, which travels daily forward 13$^\circ$ 10$'$ 35$''$, will be +distant from the zenith point by four times that quantity, \emph{i.~e.}\ by +52$^\circ$ 41$'$ 20$''$, a space which corresponds to the path which she will +describe during the entire journey of the projectile. But, inasmuch as it is +equally necessary to take into account the deviation which the rotary motion of +the earth will impart to the shot, and as the shot cannot reach the moon until +after a deviation equal to 16 radii of the earth, which, calculated upon the +moon’s orbit, are equal to about eleven degrees, it becomes necessary to add +these eleven degrees to those which express the retardation of the moon just +mentioned: that is to say, in round numbers, about sixty-four degrees. +Consequently, at the moment of firing the visual radius applied to the moon +will describe, with the vertical line of the place, an angle of sixty-four +degrees. + +These are our answers to the questions proposed to the Observatory of Cambridge +by the members of the Gun Club:--- + +To sum up--- + +1st. The cannon ought to be planted in a country situated between 0$^\circ$ and +28$^\circ$ of N.\ or S.\ lat. + +2nd. It ought to be pointed directly toward the zenith of the place. + +3rd. The projectile ought to be propelled with an initial velocity of 12,000 +yards per second. + +4th. It ought to be discharged at 10hrs.\ 46m.\ 40sec.\ of the 1st of December +of the ensuing year. + +5th. It will meet the moon four days after its discharge, precisely at midnight +on the 4th of December, at the moment of its transit across the zenith. + +The members of the Gun Club ought, therefore, without delay, to commence the +works necessary for such an experiment, and to be prepared to set to work at +the moment determined upon; for, if they should suffer this 4th of December to +go by, they will not find the moon again under the same conditions of perigee +and of zenith until eighteen years and eleven days afterward. + +The staff of the Cambridge Observatory place themselves entirely at their +disposal in respect of all questions of theoretical astronomy; and herewith add +their congratulations to those of all the rest of America. For the Astronomical +Staff, J. M. BELFAST, \emph{Director of the Observatory of Cambridge.} + +\source{Source}{% + The Project Gutenberg eBook of From the Earth to the Moon, by + Jules Verne. \texturl{https://www.gutenberg.org/files/83/83-h/83-h.htm}} + +\end{document} |