diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/hybrid/hybrid-glocal.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/hybrid/hybrid-glocal.tex | 269 |
1 files changed, 269 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/hybrid/hybrid-glocal.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/hybrid/hybrid-glocal.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a67146a5b1b --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/hybrid/hybrid-glocal.tex @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +% language=uk + +\startcomponent hybrid-glocal + +\environment hybrid-environment + +\startchapter[title={Glocal assignments}] + +Here is a nice puzzle. Say that you do this: + +\starttyping +\def\test{local} \test +\stoptyping + +What will get typeset? Right, you'll get \type {local}. Now take this: + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \def \test {local}[\test] + \xdef\test{global}[\test] + \def \test {local}[\test] +\egroup + [\test] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +Will you get: + +\starttyping +[local] [local] [local] [global] +\stoptyping + +or will it be: + +\starttyping +[local] [global] [local] [global] +\stoptyping + +Without knowing \TEX, there are good reasons for getting either of them: is a +global assignment global only i.e.\ does it reach over the group(s) or is it +global and local at the same time? The answer is that the global definitions also +happens to be a local one, so the second line is what we get. + +Something similar happens with registers, like counters: + +\startbuffer +\newcount\democount +\bgroup + \democount 1[\the\democount] + \global\democount 2[\the\democount] + \democount 1[\the\democount] +\egroup + [\the\democount] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +We get: {\tttf\getbuffer\removeunwantedspaces}, so this is +consistent with macros. But how about boxes? + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \setbox0\hbox {local}[\copy0:\the\wd0] + \global\setbox0\hbox{global}[\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox {local}[\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This gives: + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +Again, this is consistent, so let's do some manipulation: + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \setbox0\hbox{local} \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \global\setbox0\hbox{global} \global\wd0=5em [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox{local} \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +Right, no surprise here, but \unknown + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \setbox0\hbox{local} \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \global\setbox0\hbox{global} \wd0=5em [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox{local} \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +See the difference? There is none. The second width assignment is applied to the +global box. + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +So how about this then: + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \setbox0\hbox{local} \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \global\setbox0\hbox{global} [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox{local} \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +Is this what you expect? + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +So, in the case of boxes, an assignment to a box dimension is applied to the last +instance of the register, and the global nature is kind of remembered. Inside a +group, registers that are accessed are pushed on a stack and the assignments are +applied to the one on the stack and when no local box is assigned, the one at the +outer level gets the treatment. You can also say that a global box is unreachable +once a local instance is used. \footnote {The code that implements \type +{\global\setbox} actually removes all intermediate boxes.} + +\startbuffer +\setbox0\hbox{outer} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\bgroup + \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This gives: + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +It works as expected when we use local boxes after such an assignment: + +\startbuffer +\setbox0\hbox{outer} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\bgroup + \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox{inner (local)} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This gives: + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +Interestingly in practice this is natural enough not to get noticed. Also, as the +\TEX book explicitly mentions that one should not mix local and global usage, not +many users will do that. For instance the scratch registers 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 are +often used locally while 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are supposedly used global. The +argument for doing this is that it does not lead to unwanted stack build-up, but +the last examples given here provide another good reason. Actually, global +assignments happen seldom in macro packages, at least compared to local ones. + +In \LUATEX\ we can also access boxes at the \LUA\ end. We can for instance change +the width as follows: + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \setbox0\hbox{local} + \ctxlua{tex.box[0].width = tex.sp("6em")} [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \global\setbox0\hbox{global} + \ctxlua{tex.box[0].width = tex.sp("5em")} [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox{local} + \ctxlua{tex.box[0].width = tex.sp("6em")} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This is consistent with the \TEX\ end: + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +This is also true for: + +\startbuffer +\bgroup + \setbox0\hbox{local} + \ctxlua{tex.box[0].width = tex.sp("6em")} [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \global\setbox0\hbox{global} [\copy0:\the\wd0] + \setbox0\hbox{local} + \ctxlua{tex.box[0].width = tex.sp("6em")} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +Which gives: + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +The fact that a \type {\global} prefix is not needed for a global assignment at +the \TEX\ end means that we don't need a special function at the \LUA\ end for +assigning the width of a box. You won't miss it. + +There is one catch when coding at the \TEX\ end. Imagine this: + +\startbuffer +\setbox0\hbox{local} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\bgroup + \wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +In sync with what we told you will get: + +\startlines \tttf +\getbuffer +\stoplines + +However, this does not look that intuitive as the following: + +\startbuffer +\setbox0\hbox{local} [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\bgroup + \global\wd0=6em [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\egroup + [\copy0:\the\wd0] +\stopbuffer + +Here the global is redundant but it looks quite okay to put it there if only to +avoid confusion. \footnote {I finally decided to remove some of the \type +{\global} prefixes in my older code, but I must admit that I sometimes felt +reluctant when doing it, so I kept a few.} + +\stopchapter + +\stopcomponent |