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-\startcomponent co-en-09
-
-\environment contextref-env
-\product contextref
-
-\chapter[text elements]{Text elements}
-
-\section{Introduction}
-\index{structure}
-
-The core of \CONTEXT\ is formed by the commands that
-structures the text. The most common structuring elements
-are chapters and sections. The structure is visualized by
-means of titles and summarized in the table of contents.
-
-A text can be subdivided in different ways. As an
-introduction we use the methods of H.~van Krimpen,
-K.~Treebus and the Collectief Gaade. First we examine the
-method of van Krimpen:
-
-\startitemize[n,broad,columns,three]
-\item French title
-\item title
-\item history \& copyright
-\item mission
-\item preface|/|introduction
-\item \unknown
-\item list of illustrations
-\item acknowledgement
-\item errata
-\item the content
-\item notes
-\item literature
-\item register(s)
-\item colofon
-\stopitemize
-
-The French title is found at the same spread as the back of
-the cover, or first empty sheet. In the colofon we find the
-used font, the names of the typesetter and illustrator, the
-number of copies, the press, the paper, the binding, etc.
-
-The subdivision of Treebus looks like this:
-
-\startitemize[n,broad,columns,three]
-\item French title
-\item titlepage
-\item colofon
-\item copyright
-\item mission
-\item preface (1)
-\item table of content
-\item list of illustrations
-\item introduction|/|preface (2)
-\item \unknown
-\item epilogue
-\item appendices
-\item summaries
-\item notes
-\item literature
-\item used words
-\item addenda
-\item register
-\item acknowledgement photos
-\item (colofon)
-\stopitemize
-
-In this way of dividing a text the colofon is printed on the
-back of the titlepage. The first preface is written by
-others and not by the author.
-
-The last text structure is that of the Collectief Gaade:
-
-\startitemize[n,broad,columns,three]
-\item French title
-\item series title
-\item title
-\item copyright
-\item mission
-\item blank
-\item preface
-\item table of content
-\item introduction
-\item \unknown
-\item appendices
-\item notes
-\item list of illustrations
-\item used words
-\item bibliography
-\item colofon
-\item register
-\stopitemize
-
-Since there seems to be no standardized way of setting up a
-document, \CONTEXT\ will only provide general mechanisms.
-These are designed in such a way that they meet the following
-specifications:
-
-\startitemize[n]
-
-\item In a text the depth of sectioning seldom exceeds
- four. However, in a complex manuals more depth can be
- useful. In paper documents a depth of six may be very
- confusing for the reader but in electronic documents
- we need far more structure. This is caused by the
- fact that a reader cannot make a visual
- representation of the electronic book. Elements to
- indicate this structure are necessary to be able to
- deal with the information.
-
-\item Not every level needs a number but in the background
- every level is numbered to be able to refer to these
- unnumbered structuring elements.
-
-\item The names given to the structuring elements must be
- a logical ones and must relate to their purpose.
-
-\item It is possible to generate tables of contents and
- registers at every level of the document and they
- must support complex interactivity.
-
-\item A document will be divided in functional components
- like introductions and appendices with their
- respective (typographical) characteristics.
-
-\item The hyphenation of titles must be handled correctly.
-
-\item Headers and footers are supported based on the
- standard labels used in a document. For example
- \type{chapter} in a book and \type{procedure} in a
- manual.
-
-\item A \CONTEXT\ user must be able to design titles without
- worrying about vertical and horizontal spacing,
- referencing and synchronisation.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-These prerequisites have resulted in a heavy duty mechanism
-that works in the background while running \CONTEXT. The
-commands that are described in the following sections are an
-example of an implementation. We will also show examples of
-self designed titles.
-
-\section[subdivision,structuring]{Subdividing the text}
-\index{structure}
-\index{structuring elements}
-\index{parts}
-\index{chapters}
-\index{sections}
-\index{heads}
-\index{numbering+chapters}
-\index{titles}
-\index{marking}
-\index{headers+marking}
-\index{footers+marking}
-\macro{\tex{part}}
-\macro{\tex{chapter}}
-\macro{\tex{section}}
-\macro{\tex{subsection}}
-\macro{\tex{subsubsection}}
-\macro{\tex{title}}
-\macro{\tex{subject}}
-\macro{\tex{subsubject}}
-\macro{\tex{subsubsubject}}
-\macro{\tex{definehead}}
-\macro{\tex{momarking}}
-\macro{\tex{nolist}}
-
-A text is divided in chapters, sections, etc. with the
-commands:
-
-\showsetup{part}
-
-\showsetup{chapter}
-
-\showsetup{section}
-
-\showsetup{subsection}
-
-\showsetup{subsubsection}
-
-and
-
-\showsetup{title}
-
-\showsetup{subject}
-
-\showsetup{subsubject}
-
-\showsetup{subsubsubject}
-
-The first series of commands (\type{\chapter} \unknown)
-generate a numbered head, with the second series the titles
-are not numbered. There are a few more levels available than
-those shown above.
-
-\placetable{The structuring elements.}
-\starttable[|c|l|l|]
-\HL
-\VL \bf level \VL \bf numbered title \VL
- \bf unnumbered title \VL\SR
-\HL
-\VL 1 \VL {\type{\part}} \VL
- \VL\FR
-\VL 2 \VL {\type{\chapter}} \VL
- {\type{\title}} \VL\MR
-\VL 3 \VL {\type{\section}} \VL
- {\type{\subject}} \VL\MR
-\VL 4 \VL {\type{\subsection}} \VL
- {\type{\subsubject}} \VL\MR
-\VL 5 \VL {\type{\subsubsection}} \VL
- {\type{\subsubsubject}} \VL\LR
-\HL
-\stoptable
-
-By default \type {\part} generates {\em no} title because
-most of the times these require special attention and a
-specific design. In the background however the partnumbering
-is active and carries out several initialisations. The other
-elements are set up to typeset a title.
-
-A structuring element has two arguments. The first argument,
-the reference, makes it possible to refer to the chapter or
-section from another location of the document. In
-\in{chapter}[references] this mechanism is described in
-full. A reference is optional and can be left out.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\section{Subdividing a text}
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\CONTEXT\ generates automatically the numbers of chapters
-and sections. However there are situations where you want to
-enforce your own numbering. This is also supported.
-
-\startbuffer
-\setuphead[subsection][ownnumber=yes]
-\subsection{399}{The old number}
-\subsection[someref]{400}{Another number}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\typebuffer
-
-In this example an additional argument appears. In the
-background \CONTEXT\ still uses its own numbering mechanism,
-so operations that depend upon a consistent numbering still
-work okay. The extra argument is just used for typesetting
-the number. This user||provided number does not have to be
-number, it may be anything, like ABC-123.
-
-\start \getbuffer \stop
-
-You can automatically place titles of chapters, sections or
-other structuring elements in the header and footer with the
-marking mechanism. Titles that are too long can be shortened
-by:
-
-\showsetup{nomarking}
-
-For example:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\chapter{Influences \nomarking{in the 20th century:} an introduction}
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The text enclosed by \type {\nomarking} is replaced by dots
-in the header or footer. Perhaps an easier strategy is to
-use the automatic marking limiting mechanism. The next
-command puts the chapter title left and the section title
-right in the header. Both titles are limited in length.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setupheadertexts[chapter][section]
-\setupheader[leftwidth=.4\hsize,rightwidth=.5\hsize]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-A comparable problem may occur in the table of contents. In
-that case we use \type {\nolist}:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\chapter{Influences in the 20th century\nolist{: an introduction}}
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-When you type the command \type{\\} in a title a new line
-will be generated at that location. When you type
-\type {\crlf} in a title you will enforce a new line only in
-the table of contents. For example:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\chapter{Influences in the 20th century:\crlf an introduction}
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-This will result in a two line title in the table of context,
-while the title is only one line in the text.
-
-It is possible to define your own structuring elements. Your
-\quote {own} element is derived from an existing text
-element.
-
-\showsetup{definehead}
-
-An example of a definition is:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead[category][subsubject]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-From this moment on the command \type{\category} behaves
-just like \type{\subsubject}, i.e., \type {\category} {\em
-inherits} the default properties of \type {\subsubject}. For
-example, \type {\category} is not numbered.
-
-A number of characteristics available with \type
-{\setuphead} are described in \in {section} [titles]. Your
-own defined structuring elements can also be set up. The
-category defined above can be set up as follows:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setuphead[category][page=yes]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-This setup causes each new instance of category to be placed
-at the top of a new page.
-
-We can also block the sectionnumbering with \type
-{\setupheads[sectionnumber=no]}. Sectionnumbering will
-stop but \CONTEXT\ will continue the numbering on the
-background. This is necessary to be able to perform local
-actions like the generating local tables of content.
-
-In defining your own structuring elements there is always
-the danger that you use existing \TEX\ or \CONTEXT\
-commands. It is of good practice to use capitals for your
-own definitions. For example:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead[WorkInstruction][section]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\section[titles]{Variations in titles}
-\index{chapters}
-\index{titles}
-\index{numbering+chapters}
-\macro{\tex{setupheads}}
-\macro{\tex{setuphead}}
-\macro{\tex{setupheadnumber}}
-\macro{\tex{headnumber}}
-\macro{\tex{coupledocument}}
-
-The numbering and layout of chapters, sections and
-subsections can be influenced by several commands. These
-commands are also used in the design of your own heads. We
-advise you to start the design process in one of the final
-stages of your document production process. You will find
-that correct header definitions in the setup area of your
-source file will lead to a very clean source without any
-layout commands in the text.
-
-The following commands are at your disposal:
-
-\showsetup{setuphead}
-
-Later we will cover many of the parameters mentioned here.
-This command can be used to set up one or more heads, while
-the next can be used to set some common features.
-
-\showsetup{setupheads}
-
-The number of a title can be set up with:
-
-\showsetup{setupheadnumber}
-
-This command accepts absolute and relative numbers, so \type
-{[12]}, \type {[+2]} and \type {[+]}. The relative method is
-preferred, like:
-
-\starttyping
-\setuphead[chapter][+1]
-\stoptyping
-
-This command is only used when one writes macros that do
-tricky things with heads. A number can be recalled by:
-
-\showsetup{headnumber}
-
-and/or:
-
-\showsetup{currentheadnumber}
-
-For example:
-
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\NC \type{\currentheadnumber} \EQ \currentheadnumber \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\headnumber[chapter]} \EQ \headnumber[chapter] \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\headnumber[section]} \EQ \headnumber[section] \NC\NR
-\stoptabulate
-
-When you want to use the titlenumber in calculations you
-must use the command \type {\currentheadnumber}. This number
-is calculated by and available after:
-
-\showsetup{determineheadnumber}
-
-When headers and footers use the chapter and section titles
-they are automatically adapted at a new page. The example
-below results in going to new right hand side page for each
-chapter.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setuphead
- [chapter]
- [page=right,
- after={\blank[2*big]}]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-In extensive documents you can choose to start sections on a
-new page. The title of the first section however should be
-placed directly below the chapter title. You can also prefer
-to start this first section on a new page. In that case you
-set \type{continue} at \type{no}. \in {Figure}
-[fig:continue] shows the difference between these two
-alternatives.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setuphead
- [section]
- [page=yes,continue=no,
- after=\blank]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\startbuffer
-\setupframed[width=8em,height=10em,top=,align=right]
-\tfx
-\startcombination[4*2]
- {\framed{chapter 1\\section 1.1}} {}
- {\framed{section 1.2}} {}
- {\framed{section 1.3}} {}
- {} {}
- {\framed{chapter 1}} {}
- {\framed{section 1.1}} {}
- {\framed{section 1.2}} {}
- {\framed{section 1.3}} {}
-\stopcombination
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure
- [hier]
- [fig:continue]
- {Two alternatives for the first section.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-It is also possible that you do not want any headers and
-footers on the page where a new chapter begins. In that case
-you should set \type {header} at \type {empty}, \type
-{high}, \type {nomarking} or an identification of a self
-defined header (this is explained in \in {section}
-[headandfoot]).
-
-By default the titles are typeset in a somewhat larger font.
-You can set the text and number style at your own chosen
-bodyfont. When the titles make use of the same body font
-(serif, sans, etc.) as the running text you should use
-neutral identifications for these fonts. So you use \type
-{\tfb} instead of \type {\rmb}. Font switching is also an
-issue in titles. For example if we use \type {\ssbf} instead
-of \type {\ss\bf} there is a chance that capitals and
-synonyms are not displayed the way they should. So you
-should always use the most robust definitions for
-fontswitching. Commands like \type {\kap} adapt their
-behaviour to these switchings.
-
-A chapter title consists of a number and a text. It is
-possible to define your own command that typesets both
-components in a different way.
-
-% In verband met de interactieve versie herstellen we enkele
-% standaardinstellingen. Dit is iets voor insiders.
-
-\startbuffer
-\setupheads[alternative=normal]
-\subsection{Title alternative equals normal}
-\setupheads[alternative=inmargin]
-\subsection{Title alternative equals inmargin}
-\setupheads[alternative=middle]
-\subsubject{Title alternative equals middle}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\start
-
-\writestatus{WATCH OUT}{check whether co-en-09.tex has the right head}
-
-\setuplist
- [subsection]
- [state=stop]
-
-\setuphead
- [subsection]
- [command=\normalplacehead,
- commandbefore=,
- style=\tfb,textstyle=,numberstyle=]
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\stop
-
-These titles were generates by:
-
-\typebuffer
-
-In this manual we use a somewhat different title layout. The
-design of such a title is time consuming, not so much
-because the macros are complicated, but because cooking up
-something original takes time. In the examples below we will
-show the steps in the design process.
-
-% In verband met de interactieve versie herstellen we enkele
-% standaardinstellingen. Dit is iets voor insiders.
-
-\start
-
-\setuplist
- [subsection]
- [state=stop]
-
-\setuphead
- [subsection]
- [commandbefore=]
-
-\startbuffer
-\def\HeadTitle#1#2%
- {\hbox to \hsize
- {\hfill % the % after {#1} suppresses a space
- \framed[height=1cm,width=2cm,align=left]{#1}%
- \framed[height=1cm,width=4cm,align=right]{#2}}}
-
-\setuphead[subsection][command=\HeadTitle]
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-\subsection{Title}
-
-A reader will expect the title of a section on the left hand
-side of the page, but we see an alternative here. The title
-is at the right hand side. One of the advantages of using
-\type {\framed} is, that turning \type {frame=on}, some
-insight can be gained in what is happening.
-
-\startbuffer
-\def\HeadTitle#1#2%
- {\hbox to \hsize \bgroup
- \hfill
- \setupframed[height=1cm,offset=.5em,frame=off]
- \framed[width=2cm,align=left]{#1}%
- \framed[width=4cm,align=right,leftframe=on]{#2}%
- \egroup}
-
-\setuphead
- [subsection]
- [command=\HeadTitle,
- style=\tfb]
-\stopbuffer
-
-\getbuffer
-\subsection{Another title}
-
-This alternative looks somewhat better. The first definition
-is slightly altered. This example also shows the features
-of the command \type{\framed}.
-
-\typebuffer
-
-We see that the font is set with the command
-\type{\setuphead}. These font commands should not be placed
-in the command \type{\HeadTitle}. You may wonder what happens
-when \CONTEXT\ encounters a long title. Here is the answer.
-
-\getbuffer\subsection{A somewhat longer title}
-
-Since we have fixed the height at 1cm, the second line of
-the title end up below the frame. We will solve that problem
-in the next alternative. A \type {\tbox} provides a top
-aligned box.
-
-\startbuffer
-\def\HeadTitle#1#2%
- {\hbox to \hsize \bgroup
- \hfill
- \setupframed[offset=.5em,frame=off]
- \tbox{\framed[width=3cm,align=left]{#1}}%
- \tbox{\framed[width=4cm,align=right,leftframe=on]{#2}}%
- \egroup}
-
-\setuphead
- [subsection]
- [command=\HeadTitle]
-\stopbuffer
-
-\typebuffer
-
-This definition results in a title and a number that align on
-their first lines (due to \type {\tbox}).
-
-\getbuffer
-\subsection{A considerably longer title}
-
-\stop
-
-When the title design becomes more complex you have to know
-more of \TEX. Not every design specification can be foreseen.
-
-\startbuffer
-\setuphead[subsubject] [alternative=text,style=bold]
-\setuphead[subsubsubject][alternative=text,style=slantedbold]
-\stopbuffer
-
-\typebuffer
-
-\start
-\getbuffer \setuphead[subsubject,subsubsubject][command=]
-
-\subsubject
- {Titles in the text}
-\subsubsubject
- {Why are titles in the text more difficult to program in
- \TEX\ than we may expect beforehand.}
-
-The answer lies in the fact that \CONTEXT\ supports the
-generation of parallel documents. These are documents that
-have a printable paper version and an electronic screen
-version. These versions are coupled and thus hyperlinked by
-their titles. This means that when you click on a title you
-will jump to the same title in the other document. So we
-{\em couple} document versions:
-
-\starttyping
-\coupledocument
- [screenversion]
- [repman-e]
- [chapter,section,subsection,subsubsection,part,appendix]
- [The Reporting Manual]
-\setuphead
- [chapter,section,subsection,subsubsection,part,appendix]
- [file=screenversion]
-\stoptyping
-
-The first argument in \type {\coupledocument} identfies the
-screen document and the second argument specifies the file
-name of that document. The third argument specifies the
-coupling and the fourth is a description. After generating
-the documents you can jump from one version to another by
-just clicking the titles. This command only preloads
-references, the actual coupling is achieved by \type
-{\setuphead} command. Because titles in a text may take up
-several lines some heavy duty manipulation is necessary when
-typesetting such titles as we will see later.
-
-\stop
-
-\section[introduction]{Meta||structure}
-\index{introductions}
-\index{headers}
-\index{appendices}
-\index{extroductions}
-\macro{\tex{startintroductions}}
-\macro{\tex{startbodypart}}
-\macro{\tex{startappendices}}
-\macro{\tex{startextroductions}}
-
-You can divide your document in functional components. The
-characteristics of the titles may depend in what component
-the title is used. By default we distinguish the next
-functional components:
-
-\startitemize[packed,columns,four]
-\item frontmatter
-\item bodypart
-\item appendices
-\item backmatter
-\stopitemize
-
-Introductions and extroductions are enclosed by \type{\start
-... \stop} constructs. In that case the titles will not be
-numbered like the chapters, but they are displayed in the
-table of contents. Within the component \quote
-{bodypart} there are no specific actions or layout
-manipulations, but in the \quote {appendices} the titles are
-numbered by letters (A, B, C, etc.).
-
-\def\Roman{\rm}
-
-\startexample
-\setuptyping[option=commands]
-\starttyping
-\startfrontmatter
- \completecontent
- \chapter{Introduction} <</Roman in content, no number>>
-\stopfrontmatter
-
-\startbodymatter
- \chapter{First} <</Roman number 1, in content>>
- \section{Alfa} <</Roman number 1.1, in content>>
- \section{Beta} <</Roman number 1.2, in content>>
- \chapter{Second} <</Roman number 2, in content>>
- \subject{Blabla} <</Roman no number, not in content>>
-\stopbodymatter
-
-\startappendices
- \chapter{Index} <</Roman letter A, in content>>
- \chapter{Abbreviations} <</Roman letter B, in content>>
-\stopappendices
-
-\startbackmatter
- \chapter{Acknowlegdement} <</Roman no number, in content>>
- \title{Colofon} <</Roman no number, not in content>>
-\stopbackmatter
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-When this code is processed, you will see that commands like
-\type {\title} and \type {\subject} never appear in the
-table of content and never get a number. Their behaviour is
-not influenced by the functional component they are used in.
-The behaviour of the other commands depend on the setup
-within such a component. Therefore it is possible to adapt
-the numbering in a functional component with one parameter
-setup.
-
-% \section[bijlagen]{Bijlagen}
-% \index{bijlagen}
-% \macro{\tex{startbijlagen}}
-%
-% Standaard worden chapterken genummerd in cijfers. Bijlagen
-% daarentegen worden in letters genummerd. Bijlagen worden, zo
-% zagen we in de vorige section, voorafgegaan en afgesloten
-% met:
-%
-% \startexample
-% \starttyping
-% \startbijlagen
-% \stopbijlagen
-% \stoptyping
-% \stopexample
-%
-% In de volgende section zullen we zien dat bijlagen een
-% voorbeeld zijn van een functionele eenheid.
-%
-% Er is een commando \type{\bijlage} beschikbaar waarmee
-% \quote {zelfstandig genummerde} bijlagen kunnen worden
-% gemaakt.
-%
-% \showsetup{bijlage}
-%
-% Eigenlijk is dit commando niet nodig, omdat hetzelfde
-% eenvoudig kan worden bereikt met andere commando's. We geven
-% hieronder de (wat uitgeklede) definitie van het commando.
-%
-% \startexample
-% \starttyping
-% \def\bijlage[#1]#2%
-% {\pagina[rechts]
-% \stelnummeringin[state=stop]
-% \chapter[#1]{#2}
-% \pagina[rechts]
-% \stelnummeringin[state=start]
-% \stelpaginanummerin[nummer=1]}
-% \stoptyping
-% \stopexample
-%
-% Allereerst gaan we over naar een nieuwe bladzijde. Doen we
-% dit niet, dan lopen we de kans dat de instelling
-% \type{[state=stop]} ook voor de vorige bladzijde geldt.
-% Vervolgens plaatsen we, op een aparte bladzijde, de titel
-% van de bijlage. Ook hier dwingen we weer een overgang naar
-% een nieuwe bladzijde af, omdat we de nummering weer op
-% \type{start} willen zetten en het paginanummer op~\type{1}.
-% Het is leerzaam eens een uurtje te experimenteren met
-% dergelijke commando's.
-%
-% De overgang naar een rechter||bladzijde is nodig in het
-% geval we dubbelzijdig zetten.
-%
-% \startexample
-% \starttyping
-% \bijlage[bijl:antwoorden]{Antwoorden}
-%
-% \onderdeel antwoord.tex % of \input antwoord.tex
-% \stoptyping
-% \stopexample
-%
-% Een voorbeeld van een aanroep is:
-%
-% \startexample
-% \starttyping
-% \bijlage[bijl:antwoorden]{Antwoorden}
-%
-% \onderdeel antwoord.tex % of \input antwoord.tex
-% \stoptyping
-% \stopexample
-
-\section[alternative heads]{Alternative mechanisms}
-\index{titles+alternatives}
-\index{numbering+chapters}
-\macro[nextsection]{\tex{next<<section>>}}
-
-Not every document can be structured in chapters and
-sections. There are documents with other numbering mechanisms
-and other ways to indicate levels in the text. The title
-mechanism supports these documents.
-
-At the lowest level, the macros of \CONTEXT\ do not work
-with chapters and sections but with sectionblocks. The
-chapter and section commands are predefined sectionblocks. In
-dutch this distinction is more clear, since there we have
-\type {\hoofdstuk} and \type {\paragraaf} as instances of
-\quote {secties}.
-
-\showsetup{definesectionblock}
-
-\showsetup{setupsectionblock}
-
-\showsetup{definesection}
-
-\showsetup{setupsection}
-
-By default there are four sectionblocks:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definesectionblock [bodypart] [headnumber=yes]
-\definesectionblock [appendices] [headnumber=yes]
-\definesectionblock [introductions] [headnumber=no]
-\definesectionblock [extroductions] [headnumber=no]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-We see that numbering is set with these commands. When
-numbering is off local tables of contents can not be
-generated. When numbers are generated but they do not have
-to be displayed you can use
-\type{\setupheads[sectionnumber=no]}.
-
-By default every sectionblock starts at a new (right hand
-side) page. This prevents markings from being reset too
-early. A new page is enforced by \type{page}.
-
-In \CONTEXT\ there are seven levels in use but more levels
-can be made available.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definesection [section-1]
-\definesection [section-2]
-.............. ..........
-\definesection [section-7]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-There are a number of titles predefined with the command
-\type {\definehead}. We show here some of the definitions:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead [part] [section=section-1]
-\definehead [chapter] [section=section-2]
-\definehead [section] [section=section-3]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The definition of a subsection differs somewhat from the
-others, since the subs inherit the characteristics of a
-section:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead
- [subsection]
- [section=section-4,
- default=section]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The definitions of unnumbered titles and subjects are
-different because we don't want any numbering:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead
- [title]
- [coupling=chapter,
- default=chapter,
- incrementnumber=no]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The unnumbered title is coupled to the numbered chapter.
-This means that in most situations the title is handled the
-same way as a chapter. You can think of the ways new pages
-are generated at each new unnumbered title or chapter.
-Characteristics like the style and color are also inherited.
-
-There is more to consider. The predefined sectionblocks
-are used in appendices, because these have a different
-numbering system.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setupsection
- [section-2]
- [appendixconversion=Character, % Watch the capital
- previousnumber=no]
-\setuphead
- [part]
- [placehead=no]
-\setuphead
- [chapter]
- [appendixlabel=appendix,
- bodypartlabel=chapter]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-This means that within an \type{appendix} conversion
-from number to character takes place, but only at the level of
-section~2. Furthermore the titles that are related
-to \type{section-2} do not get a prefix in front of the
-number. The prefix consists of the separate numbers of the
-sectionblocks:
-
-\startexample
-\setuptyping[option=commands]
-\starttyping
-<section-1><separator><section-2><separator><section-3> <</rm etc.>>
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-By default section~2 (appendix) will be prefixed by the
-partnumber and a separator (.) and this is not desirable at
-this instance. At that level we block the prefix mechanism
-and we prevent that in lower levels (section~3 ...) the
-partnumber is included.
-
-In the standard setup of \CONTEXT\ we do not display
-the part title. You can undo this by saying:
-
-\starttyping
-\setuphead[part][placehead=yes]
-\stoptyping
-
-Chapters and appendices can be labeled. This means that the
-titles are preceded with a word like {\em Chapter} or {\em
-Appendix}. This is done with \type {\setuplabeltext}, for
-example:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setuplabeltext[appendix=Appendix~]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The look of the titles are defined by \type {\setuphead}.
-\CONTEXT\ has set up the lower level section headings to
-inherit their settings from the higher level. The default
-setups for \CONTEXT\ are therefore limited to:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setuphead
- [part,chapter]
- [align=normal,
- continue=no,
- page=right,
- head=nomarking,
- style=\tfc,
- before={\blank[2*big]},
- after={\blank[2*big]}]
-
-\setuphead
- [section]
- [align=normal,
- style=\tfa,
- before={\blank[2*big]},
- after=\blank]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-With \type {nomarking}, we tell \CONTEXT\ to ignore markings
-in running heads at the page where a chapter starts. We
-prefer \type{\tfc}, because this enables the title to adapt
-to the actual bodyfont. The \argchars\ around \type{\blank}
-are essential for we do not want any conflicts with
-\setchars.
-
-Earlier we saw that new structuring elements could be
-defined that inherit characteristics of existing elements.
-Most of the time this is sufficient:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead[topic] [section][style=bold,before=\blank]
-\definehead[category][subject][style=bold,before=\blank]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-One of the reasons that the mechanism is rather complex is
-the fact that we use the names of the sections as setups
-in other commands. The marking of \type {category} can be
-compared with that of \type{subject}, but that of subject
-can not be compared with that \type{section}. During the
-last few years it appeared that subject is used for all
-sorts of titles in the running text. We don't want to see
-these in headers and footers.
-
-While setting the parameter \type {criterium} in lists and
-registers and the \type {way} of numbering, we can choose
-\type {persection} or \type {persubject}. For indicating the
-level we can use the parameter \type {section} as well as \type
-{subject}. So we can alter the names of sections in logical
-ones that relate to their purpose. For example:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\definehead [handbook] [section=section-1]
-\definehead [procedure] [section=section-2]
-\definehead [subprocedure] [section=section-3]
-\definehead [instruction] [procedure]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-After this we can set up the structuring elements (or
-inherit them) and generate lists of procedures and
-instructions. We will discuss this feature in detail in one
-of the later chapters.
-
-\stopcomponent