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-\startcomponent co-en-11
-
-\environment contextref-env
-\product contextref
-
-\chapter[descriptions]{Descriptions}
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-In a document we can find text elements that bring structure
-to a document. We have already seen the numbered chapter and
-section titles, but there are more elements with a
-recognizable layout. We can think of numbered and
-non||numbered definitions, itemizations and citations. One
-of the advantages of \TEX\ and therefore of \CONTEXT\ is
-that coding these elements enables us to guarantee a
-consistent design in our document, which in turn allows us
-to concentrate on the content of our writing.
-
-In this chapter we will discuss some of the elements that
-will bring structure to your text. We advise you to
-experiment with the commands and their setups. When applied
-correctly you will notice that layout commands in your text
-are seldom necessary.
-
-\section[definitions]{Definitions}
-\index{definitions}
-\index{theses}
-\macro{\tex{definedescription}}
-\macro{\tex{setupdescriptions}}
-\macro[name]{\tex{<<name>>}}
-\macro[description]{\tex{<<description>>}}
-\macro[startdescription]{\tex{start<<description>>}}
-
-Definitions of concepts and|/|or ideas, that are to be
-typeset in a distinctive way, can be defined by \type
-{\definedescription}.
-
-\showsetup{definedescription}
-
-The first argument of this command contains the name. After
-the definition a new command is available.
-
-\showsetup{<<description>>}
-
-\startbuffer[examp-1]
-\definedescription[definition][location=top,headstyle=bold]
-
-\definition{icon}
-
-An icon is a representation of an action or the name of a computer
-program. Icons are frequently used in operating systems on several
-computer platforms. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[examp-2]
-\definedescription[definition][location=right,headstyle=bold]
-\definition{icon}
-
-Some users of those computer platforms are using these icons with an
-almost religious fanaticism. This brings the word icon almost back
-to its original meaning. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[examp-3]
-\definedescription[definition][location=left,headstyle=bold]
-\definition{icon}
-
-An icon should be recognizable for every user but they are designed
-within a cultural and historical setting. In this fast and ever changing
-era the recognizability of icons is relative. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[examp-4]
-\definedescription[definition][location=inmargin,headstyle=bold]
-\definition{icon}
-
-The 8||bit principle of computers was the reason that non||Latin
-scriptures were hardly supported by the operating systems. Not long
-ago this changed. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[examp-5]
-\definedescription
- [definition]
- [location=serried,headstyle=bold,width=broad,sample={icon}]
-
-\definition{icon}
-
-What for some languages looked like a handicap has now become a feature.
-Thousands of words and concepts are already layed down in characters.
-These characters therefore can be considered icons. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[examp-6]
-\definedescription[definition][location=serried,headstyle=bold]
-\definition{icon}
-
-It is to be expected that people with expressive languages overtake
-us in computer usage because they are used to thinking in concepts. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[examp-7]
-\definedescription[definition][location=left,headstyle=bold,hang=broad]
-\definition{icon}
-
-The not||so||young generation remembers the trashcan in the earlier
-operating systems used to delete files. We in Holland were lucky that the
-text beneath it said: trashcan. A specific character for the trashcan
-would have been less sensitive misinterpretation, than the rather
-American||looking garbage receptacle unknown to many young people.\par
-\stopbuffer
-
-An example of the definition is:
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer[examp-1]
-\stopexample
-
-Several alternatives are displayed below:
-
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-1] \stopreality
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-2] \stopreality
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-3] \stopreality
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-4] \stopreality
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-5] \stopreality
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-6] \stopreality
-\startreality \getbuffer[examp-7] \stopreality
-
-In the fifth example the definition is placed \type
-{serried} and defined as:
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer[examp-5]
-\stopexample
-
-In the seventh example we have set \type {hang} at \type
-{broad}. This parameter makes only sense when we set the
-label at the right or left. When we set \type {width} at
-\type {fit} or \type {broad} instead of a number, the width
-of the sample is used. With \type {fit}, no space is added,
-with \type {broad}, a space of \type {distance} is inserted.
-When no sample is given the with of the defined word is
-used. The parameter \type {align} specifies in what way the
-text is aligned. When the definition is placed in the margin
-or typeset in a serried format, the parameter \type {margin}
-is of importance. When set to \type {standard} or \type {ja},
-the marging follows the document setting. Alternatively you
-can pass a dimension.
-
-Some characteristics of the description can be specified with:
-
-\showsetup{setupdescriptions}
-
-The setup of a description can be changed with the command
-below. This has the same construct as \type
-{\definedescription}:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setupdescriptions[<<name>>][<<setups>>]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-When a description consists of more than one paragraph, use:
-
-\showsetup{start<<description>>}
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\startdefinition{icon}
-
-An icon is a painting of Jesus Christ, Mother Mary or other holy figures.
-These paintings may have a special meaning for some religious people.
-
-For one reason or the other the description icon found its way to the
-computer world where it leads its own life.
-
-\stopdefinition
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-These commands will handle empty lines adequately.
-
-\section[enumeration]{Enumeration}
-\index{descriptions}
-\index{itemization}
-\index{enumeration+texts}
-\macro{\tex{enumeration}}
-\macro{\tex{setupenumerations}}
-\macro[name]{\tex{<<name>>}}
-\macro[subname]{\tex{sub<<name>>}}
-\macro[subsubname]{\tex{subsub<<name>>}}
-\macro[subsubsubname]{\tex{subsubsub<<name>>}}
-\macro[resetname]{\tex{reset<<name>>}}
-\macro[nextname]{\tex{next<<name>>}}
-\macro[nextsubname]{\tex{nextsub<<name>>}}
-\macro[nextsubsubname]{\tex{nextsubsub<<name>>}}
-\macro[enumeration]{\tex{<<enumeration>>}}
-\macro[startenumeration]{\tex{start<<enumeration>>}}
-
-Sometimes you will encounter text elements you would like to
-number, but they do not fit into the category of figures,
-tables, etc. Therefore \CONTEXT\ has a numbering mechanism
-that we use for numbering text elements like questions,
-remarks, examples, etc. Such a text element is defined with:
-
-\showsetup{defineenumeration}
-
-After such a definition, the following commands are
-available:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\<<name>>
-\sub<<name>>
-\subsub<<name>>
-\subsubsub<<name>>
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-Where {\sl \type{name}} stands for any chosen name.
-
-\showsetup{<<enumeration>>}
-
-The numbering can take place at four levels. Conversion is
-related to the last level. If you specify a text, then this
-will be a label that preceeds every generated number. A
-number can be set and reset with the command:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\set<<enumeration>>{value}
-\reset<<enumeration>>
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-You can use the \type {start} parameter in the setup command
-to explictly state a startnumber. Keep in mind that the
-enumeration commands increase the number, so to start at~4,
-one must set the number at~3. Numbers and subnumbers and be
-explictly increased with the commands:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\next<<enumeration>>
-\nextsub<<enumeration>>
-\nextsubsub<<enumeration>>
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The example below illustrates the use of \type
-{\enumeration}. After the shown commands the content of a
-remark can be typed after \type{\remark}.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\defineenumeration
- [remark]
- [location=top,
- text=Remark,
- between=\blank,
- before=\blank,
- after=\blank]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\defineenumeration
- [remark]
- [location=top,
- text=Remark,
- before=\blank,
- between=\blank,
- after=\blank]
-
-Some examples of remarks are:
-
-\remark After definition the \quote {remark} is available at
-four levels: \type {\remark}, \type {\subremark}, \type
-{\subsubremark} and \type {\subsubsubremark}.
-
-\remark This command looks much like the command \type
-{\definedescription}.
-
-The characteristics of numbering are specified with \type
-{\setupenumerations}. Many parameters are like that of the
-descriptions because numbering is a special case of
-descriptions.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setupenumerations[<<name>>][<<setups>>]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\showsetup{setupenumerations}
-
-The characteristics of sub and subsub enumerations can be
-set too. For example:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setupenumerations[example][headstyle=bold]
-\setupenumerations[subexample][headstyle=slanted]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-Just like the description command there is a \type
-{\start}||\type {\stop} construction for multi paragraph
-typesetting.
-
-\showsetup{start<<enumeration>>}
-
-Sometimes the number is obsolete. For example when we number
-per chapter and we have only {\em one} example in a specific
-chapter. In that case you can indicate with a \type{[-]}
-that you want no number to be displayed.
-
-\remark[-] Because this remark was recalled by \type
-{\remark[-]} there is {\em no} number. Just as with other
-commands, we can also pass a reference label between
-\setchars. Also, we can setup the enumeration to stop
-numbering by setting \type {number} to \type {no}.
-
-The numbering command can be combined usefully with the
-feature to move textblocks. An example is given in
-\in{section}[textblocks]. In that example we also
-demonstrate how to couple one numbered text to another.
-These couplings only have a meaning in interactive documents
-where cross references (hyperlinks) can be useful.
-
-The numbering of text elements can appear in different
-forms. In that case we can let one numbered text element
-inherit its characteristic from another. We illustrate this
-in an example.
-
-\startbuffer
-\defineenumeration[first]
-
-\first The numbering \type {first} is unique. We see that one
-argument is sufficient. By default label and number are placed at the left
-hand side.
-
-\defineenumeration[second][first][location=right]
-
-\second The \type {second} inherits its counters from \type {first},
-but is placed at the right hand side. In case of three arguments the first
-one is the copy and the second the original.
-
-\defineenumeration[third,fourth][location=inright]
-
-\third The numbered elements \type {third} and \type {fourth} are both
-unique and are placed in right margin.
-
-\fourth Both are defined in one command but they do have own
-counters that are in no way coupled.
-
-\defineenumeration[fifth,sixth][first]
-
-\fifth The elements \type {fifth} and \type {sixth} inherit the properties
-and counters of \type {first}.
-
-\sixth Note: inheriting of \type{second} is not allowed because \type
-{second} is not an original! \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-It may seem very complex but the text below may shed some
-light on this issue:
-
-\getbuffer
-
-It is possible to couple a numbered text element to another.
-For example we may couple questions and answers. In an
-interactive document we can click on a question which will
-result in a jump to the answer. And vice versa. The counters
-must be synchronised. Be aware of the fact that the counters
-need some resetting now and then. For example at the
-beginning of each new chapter. This can be automated by
-setting the parameter \type {way} to \type {bychapter}.
-
-\starttyping
-\definedescription [question] [coupling=answer]
-\definedescription [answer] [coupling=question]
-\stoptyping
-
-\section[indenting]{Indenting}
-\index{tabulate}
-\index{indenting}
-\macro{\tex{indentation}}
-\macro{\tex{setupindentations}}
-\macro[name]{\tex{<<name>>}}
-\macro[indentation]{\tex{<<indentation>>}}
-
-Indented itemizations, like dialogues, can be typeset with
-the command defined by
-
-\showsetup{defineindenting}
-
-After this command \type{\<<name>>}, \type{\sub<<name>>} and
-\type{\subsub<<name>>} are available.
-
-\showsetup{<<indentation>>}
-
-The parameters can be set up with the command:
-
-\showsetup{setupindentations}
-
-It is possible to change the setup of \type{\indentation}
-with the command:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\setupindentations[<<name>>][<<setups>>]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-An example of how you can use the indentation mechanism is
-given below:
-
-\startbuffer
-\setupindentations
- [sample={rime m},
- separator={:},
- distance=.5em]
-
-\defineindenting[ra][text=rime a]
-\defineindenting[rb][text=rime b]
-\defineindenting[rc][text=rime c]
-
-\startpacked
-\ra pretty litte girl \par
-\ra pretty litte girl in a blue dress \par
-\rb pretty little girl in a blue dress \par
-\rc playing in the sand \par
-\rb make my day \par
-\rc smile for me \par
-\stoppacked
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-This results in:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-A series of indenting commands can be enclosed with the
-commands:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\startindentation
-\stopindentation
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\section[label]{Numbered labels}
-\index{label}
-\index{numbering+label}
-\macro{\tex{label}}
-\macro[resetname]{\tex{reset<<name>>}}
-\macro[incrementname]{\tex{increment<<name>>}}
-\macro[nextname]{\tex{next<<name>>}}
-\macro[currentname]{\tex{current<<name>>}}
-\macro[label]{\tex{<<label>>}}
-
-There is another numbering mechanism that is used for
-numbering specific text labels that also enables you to
-refer to these labels. For example, when you want to refer
-in your text to a number of transparencies that you use in
-presentations the next command can be used:
-
-\showsetup{definelabel}
-
-Where the parameter \type {location} is set at \type
-{intext} and \type {inmargin}. After this definition the
-following commands are available:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\reset<<name>>
-\increment<<name>>
-\next<<name>>
-\current<<name>>[reference]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-\startbuffer
-\definelabel[video][text=video,location=inmargin]
-\stopbuffer
-
-\getbuffer
-
-The \type {[reference]} after \type {currentname} is optional.
-After
-
-\typebuffer
-
-This defines \video\type {\video}, that results in a
-numbered label {\em video} in the margin. The command \type
-{\currentvideo} would have resulted in the number~0. The
-label can also be recalled with:
-
-\showsetup{<<labeling>>}
-
-In our case, saying \type {\video} results in the marginal
-note concerning a video. The values of \type {before} and
-\type {after} are executed around the label (which only makes
-sense for in||text labels.
-
-\section[itimize]{Itemize}
-\index{itemize}
-\index{numbering+itemize}
-\index{items}
-\index{questionnaire}
-\index{forms}
-\macro{\tex{startitemize}}
-\macro{\tex{setupitemize}}
-\macro{\tex{mar}}
-\macro{\tex{nop}}
-\macro{\tex{item}}
-\macro{\tex{head}}
-\macro{\tex{sub}}
-\macro{\tex{its}}
-\macro{\tex{sym}}
-\macro{\tex{ran}}
-\macro{\tex{but}}
-
-Items in an itemization are automatically preceded by
-symbols or by enumerated numbers or characters. The symbols
-and the enumeration can be set up (see \in {table}
-[tab:item]). The layout can also be influenced. Itemization
-has a maximum of four levels.
-
-\placetable
- [here][tab:item]
- {Item separator identifications in itemizations.}
-\startcombination[2]
- {\starttable[|c|c|]
- \HL
- \VL \bf setup \VL \bf result \VL\SR
- \HL
- \VL \type{n} \VL 1, 2, 3, 4 \VL\FR
- \VL \type{a} \VL a, b, c, d \VL\MR
- \VL \type{A} \VL A, B, C, D \VL\MR
- \VL \type{KA} \VL \kap{A}, \kap{B}, \kap{C}, \kap{D} \VL\MR
- \VL \type{r} \VL i, ii, iii, iv \VL\MR
- \VL \type{R} \VL I, II, III, IV \VL\MR
- \VL \type{KR} \VL \kap{I}, \kap{II}, \kap{III}, \kap{IV} \VL\MR
- \VL \type{m} \VL {\os 1}, {\os 2}, {\os 3}, {\os 4} \VL\MR
- \VL \type{g} \VL $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ \VL\MR
- \VL \type{G} \VL A, B, $\Gamma$ \VL\LR
- \HL
- \stoptable} {}
- {\starttable[|c|c|]
- \HL
- \VL \bf setup \VL \bf result \VL\SR
- \HL
- \VL \type{1} \VL dot (\symbol[1]) \VL\FR
- \VL \type{2} \VL dash (\symbol[2]) \VL\MR
- \VL \type{3} \VL star (\symbol[3]) \VL\MR
- \VL \type{4} \VL triangle (\symbol[4]) \VL\MR
- \VL \type{5} \VL circle (\symbol[5]) \VL\MR
- \VL \type{6} \VL big circle (\symbol[6]) \VL\MR
- \VL \type{7} \VL bigger circle (\symbol[7]) \VL\MR
- \VL \type{8} \VL square (\symbol[8]) \VL\MR
- \VL \VL \VL\MR
- \VL \VL \VL\LR
- \HL
- \stoptable} {}
-\stopcombination
-
-The command to itemize is:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\startitemize[<<setups>>]
-\item ........
-\item ........
-\stopitemize
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-So you can do things like this:
-
-\startbuffer
-Which of these theses are true?
-
-\startitemize[A]
-\item The difference between a village and a city is the existence of
- a townhall.
-\item The difference between a village and a city is the existence of
- a courthouse.
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-This will lead to:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-The symbols used under \type{1} to~\type{8} can be defined
-with the command \type {\definesymbol} (see \in {section}
-[symbols]) and the conversion of the numbering with \type
-{\defineconversion} (see \in {section} [convert]). For
-example:
-
-\startbuffer
-Do the following propositions hold some truth?
-
-\definesymbol[1][$\diamond$]
-
-\startitemize[1]
-\item The city of Amsterdam is built on wooden poles.
-\item The city of Rome was built in one day.
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-results in:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-The keys \type{n}, \type{a}, etc. are related to the
-conversions. This means that all conversions are accepted.
-Take for example:
-
-\startitemize[g,packed]
-\item a \type{g} for Greek characters
-\item a \type{G} for Greek capitals
-\stopitemize
-
-When the setup and the \setchars\ are left out then the
-default symbol is typeset.
-
-The indentation and horizontal whitespace is set up locally
-or globally with:
-
-\showsetup{setupitemize}
-
-These arguments may appear in different combinations, like:
-
-\startbuffer
-What proposition is true?
-
-\startitemize[a,packed][stopper=:]
-\item 2000 is a leap-year
-\item 2001 is a leap-year
-\item 2002 is a leap-year
-\item 2003 is a leap-year
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-this will become:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-Both argument are optional. The key \type {packed} is one
-of the most commonly used:
-
-\startbuffer
-What proposition is true?
-
-\startitemize[n,packed,inmargin]
-\item[ok] 2000 is a leap-year
-\item 2001 is a leap-year
-\item 2002 is a leap-year
-\item 2003 is a leap-year
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-will result in:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-It happens very often that an itemization is preceded by a
-sentence like \quotation {\em\unknown\ can be seen below:}.
-In that case we add the key \type {intro} and the
-introduction sentence will be \quote {connected} to the
-itemization. After this setup a pagebreak between sentence
-and itemization is discouraged.
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\startitemize[n,packed,inmargin,intro]
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-The setup of the itemization commands are presented in
-\in{table}[tab:setupitemize].
-
-\placetable
- [here][tab:setupitemize]
- {Setup of \tex{setupitemize}.}
-\starttable[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\VL \bf setup \VL \bf result \VL\SR
-\HL
-\VL \type{standard} \VL default setup \VL\FR
-\VL \type{packed} \VL no white space between items \VL\MR
-\VL \type{joinedup} \VL no white space before and after itemization \VL\MR
-\VL \type{paragraph} \VL no white space before an itemization \VL\MR
-\VL \type{<<n>>*serried} \VL little horizontal white space after symbol \VL\MR
-\VL \type{<<n>>*broad} \VL extra horizontal white space after symbol \VL\MR
-\VL \type{inmargin} \VL item separator in margin \VL\MR
-\VL \type{atmargin} \VL item separator at the margin \VL\MR
-\VL \type{stopper} \VL punctuation after item separator \VL\MR
-\VL \type{intro} \VL no pagebreak \VL\MR
-\VL \type{columns} \VL two columns \VL\LR
-\HL
-\stoptable
-
-In the last example we saw a reference point behind the
-command \type{\item} for future cross referencing. In this
-case we could make a cross reference to \in{answer}[ok] with
-the command \type{\in[ok]}.
-
-The enumeration may be continued by adding the key
-\type{continue}, for example:
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[continue]
-\item 2005 is a leap-year
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-This would result in a rather useless addition:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-Another example illustrates that \type {continue}
-even works at other levels of itemizations:
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[1,packed]
-\head supported image formats in \PDFTEX \par
- \startitemize[a]
- \item png \item eps \item pdf
- \stopitemize
-\head non supported image formats in \PDFTEX \par
- \startitemize[continue]
- \item jpg \item gif \item tif
- \stopitemize
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-This was typed as (in this document we have set \type
-{headstyle=bold}):
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-When we use the key \type {columns} the items are typeset
-in two columns. The number of columns can be set by the keys
-\type{one}, \type{two} (default), \type{three} or
-\type{four}.
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[n,columns,four]
-\item png \item tif \item jpg \item eps \item pdf
-\item gif \item pic \item bmp \item bsd \item jpe
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-We can see that we can type the items at our own preference.
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-In such a long enumerated list the horizontal space between
-itemseparator and text may be too small. In that case we use
-the key \type {broad}, here \type {2*broad}:
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[R,columns,four,2*broad]
-\item png \item tif \item jpg \item eps \item pdf
-\item gif \item pic \item bmp \item bsd \item jpe
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-The counterpart of \type {broad} is \type{serried}. We can
-also add a factor. Here we used \type {2*serried}.
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[2*serried,packed]
-\item What format is this?
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-We can abuse the key \type {broad} for very simple tables.
-It takes some guessing to reach the right spacing.
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[4*broad,packed]
-\sym {yes} this is a nice format
-\sym {no} this is very ugly
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-This results in a rather strange example:
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-The parameter \type {stopper} expects a character of your own
-choice. By default it is set at a period. When no level is
-specified and the \setchars\ are empty the actual level is
-activated. In \in {section} [symbols] we will discuss this
-in more detail. Stoppers only apply to ordered (numbered)
-list.
-
-There are itemizations where a one line head is followed by
-a text block. In that case you use \type{\head} instead of
-\type {\item}. You can specify the layout of \type {\head}
-with the command \type {\setupitemize}. For example:
-
-\startbuffer
-\setupitemize[each][headstyle=bold]
-
-\startitemize[n]
-
-\head A title head in an itemization
-
- After the command \type{\head} an empty line is mandatory. If you
- leave that out you will get a very long header.
-
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-This becomes:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-If we would have used \type{\item} the head would have been
-typeset in a normal font. Furthermore a pagebreak could
-have been introduced between head and textblock. This is not
-permitted when you use \type {\head}.
-
-\showsetup{head}
-
-\startmode[mkii]
-When an itemization consists of only one item we can leave
-out the commands \type {\startitemize} and \type
-{\stopitemize} and the level~1 symbol is used.
-
-\startbuffer
-\item The itemization commands force the user into a consistent layout
- of the itemizations. \par
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-Instead of the \type{\par} you could have used an empty line.
-In each case, we get the following output:
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-Only the text directly following the command and ended by an
-empty line or \type{\par} is indented.
-\stopmode
-
-When you want to re-use the last number instead of
-increasing the next item you can use \type{\sub}.
-This feature is used in discussion documents where earlier
-versions should not be altered too much for reference
-purposes.
-
-\startreality
-\startitemize[n,packed]
-\item This itemization is preceded by \type
- {\startitemize[n,packed]}.
-\sub This item is preceded by \type{\sub}, the other items
- by \type{\item}.
-\item The itemization is ended by \type
- {\stopitemize}.
-\stopitemize
-\stopreality
-
-The most important commands are:
-
-\showsetup{startitemize}
-
-\showsetup{item}
-
-\showsetup{sub}
-
-In addition to \type{\item} there is \type{\sym}. This
-command enables us to type an indented text with our own
-symbol.
-
-\showsetup{sym}
-
-Another alternative to \type{\item} is \type{\mar}.
-The specified argument is set in the margin (by default a
-typeletter) and enables us to comment on an item.
-
-\showsetup{mar}
-
-Some at first sight rather strange alternatives are:
-
-\showsetup{its}
-
-\showsetup{ran}
-
-These acronyms are placeholders for \type {items} and \type
-{range}. We illustrate most of these commands with an
-example that stems from a \NTG\ questionnaire:
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize[5,packed][width=8em,distance=2em,items=5]
-
-\ran {no\hss yes}
-
-\its I can not do without \TeX.
-\its I will use \TeX\ forever.
-\its I expect an alternative to \TeX\ in the next few years.
-\its I use \TeX\ and other packages.
-\its I hardly use \TeX.
-\its I am looking for another system.
-
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-The source is typed below. Look at the setup, it is local.
-
-% Dit ziet er in broncode als volgt uit. Let op de
-% instellingen. Het verdient de voorkeur dergelijke
-% instellingen los te koppelen van de vragen en slechts
-% eenmalig te doen.
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-For the interactive version there is:
-
-\showsetup{but}
-
-This command resembles \type {\item} but produces an
-interactive symbol that executes the reference sequence
-specified.
-
-The example below shows a combination of the mentioned
-commands. We also see the alternative \type {\nop}.
-
-\startbuffer
-\startitemize
-\head he got a head ache
-
- \startitemize[n,packed]
- \item of all the items
- \nop he had to learn at school
- \mar{++} because the marginal explanation
- \sub of the substantial content
- \sym{\#} turned out to be mostly symbolic
- \stopitemize
-\stopitemize
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-This list was typed like this:
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-With the no||operation command:
-
-\showsetup{nop}
-
-During the processing of itemizations the number of items is
-counted. This is the case with all versions. The next pass
-this information is used to determine the optimal location
-to start a new page. So do not despair when at the first
-parse your itemizations do not look the way you expected.
-When using \TEXEXEC\ this is all taken care of.
-
-We have two last pieces of advises. When items consist of
-two or more paragraphs always use \type {\head} instead of
-\type {\item}, especially when the first paragraph consists
-only one line. The command \type{\head} takes care of
-adequate pagebreaking between two paragraphs. Also, always
-use the key \type {[intro]} when a one line sentence
-preceeds the itemization. This can be automated by:
-
-\starttyping
-\setupitemize[each][autointro]
-\stoptyping
-
-\section[items]{Items}
-\index{items}
-\index{questionnaire}
-\index{itemize}
-\index{forms}
-\index{lists}
-\macro{\tex{items}}
-\macro{\tex{setupitems}}
-
-A rarely used variant of producing lists is the command
-\type {\items}. It is used to produce simple, one level,
-vertical or horizontal lists. The command in its simplest
-form looks like this:
-
-\startexample
-\starttyping
-\items{<<alternative 1>>,<<alternative 2>>,...,<<alternative N>>}
-\stoptyping
-\stopexample
-
-Instead of an alternative you can also type \type{-}. In
-that case space is reserved but the item is not set. The
-layout of such a list is set with the command:
-
-\showsetup{setupitems}
-
-The number (\type{n}) as well as the width are calculated
-automatically. When you want to do this yourself you can use
-the previous command or you pass the options directly. We
-show some examples.
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[location=left]{png,eps,pdf}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[location=bottom]{png,eps,pdf}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[location=right,width=2cm]{png,eps,pdf}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[location=top,width=6cm,align=left]{png,eps,pdf}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[location=inmargin]{png,eps,pdf}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[location=left,n=2,symbol=5]{jpg,tif}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-\startbuffer
-\items[symbol=3,n=6,width=\hsize,location=top]{png,eps,pdf,jpg,tif}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-\getbuffer
-
-The setup just after \type{\items} have the same effect as
-those of \type{\setupitems}:
-
-\showsetup{items}
-
-\section[citations]{Citations}
-\index{citation}
-\index{quotation}
-\index{language+quotes}
-\macro{\tex{quote}}
-\macro{\tex{quotation}}
-\macro{\tex{setupquotation}}
-\macro{\tex{startquotation}}
-
-The use of quotes depends on the language of a country:
-{\mainlanguage [nl]\quote {Nederlands},
-\mainlanguage [en]\quote {English},
-\mainlanguage [de]\quote {Deutsch},
-\mainlanguage [fr]\quote {Fran\cc ais}}.
-The consistent use of single and double quotes is supported
-by a number of commands. A citation in the running text is
-typeset by:
-
-\showsetup{startquotation}
-
-This command can be compared with \type {\startnarrower} and
-has the same setup parameters. The quotes are placed around
-the text and they fall outside the textblock:
-
-\startbuffer
-\startquotation
-In commercial advertising \quote {experts} are quoted. Not too
-long ago I saw a commercial where a washing powder was recommended
-by the Dutch Society of Housewives. The remarkable thing was that
-there was a spokesman and not a spokeswoman. He was introduced as
-the \quotation {director}. It can't be true that the director of the
-Society of Housewives is a man. Can it?
-\stopquotation
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startreality
-\getbuffer
-\stopreality
-
-In this example we see two other commands:
-
-\startexample
-\typebuffer
-\stopexample
-
-The command \type {\quotation} produces double quotes and
-\type {\quote} single quotes.
-
-\showsetup{quote}
-
-\showsetup{quotation}
-
-These commands adapt to the language. In Dutch, English,
-German and French texts other quotes are activated.
-The body font is set with:
-
-\showsetup{setupquote}
-
-The location of a period, inside or outside a citation is
-somewhat arbitrary. The opinions on this issue differ
-considerately.
-
-\startbuffer
-He said: \quotation {That is a bike} to which she replied:
-\quotation {Take a hike}.
-\stopbuffer
-
-\getbuffer
-
-The quotes are language dependent. Therefore it is of some
-importance that language switching is done correctly.
-
-\startbuffer
-\quotation {He answered: \fr \quotation {Je ne parle pas fran\c cais}.}
-\quotation {He answered: \quotation {\fr Je ne parle pas fran\c cais}.}
-\quotation {\fr Il r\'epondait: \quotation{Je ne parle pas fran\c cais}.}
-\fr \quotation {Il r\'epondait: \quotation{Je ne parle pas fran\c cais}.}
-\stopbuffer
-
-\typebuffer
-
-Watch the subtle difference.
-
-\startlines
-\getbuffer
-\stoplines
-
-When we want different quotes, we can change them. This is a
-language related setting.
-
-\starttyping
-\setuplanguage
- [en]
- [leftquote=\upperleftsinglesixquote,
- leftquotation=\upperleftdoublesixquote]
-\stoptyping
-
-Fo rconsistency, such a setting can best be put into the
-local system file \type {cont-sys.tex}, together with other
-local settings. The following quotes are available:
-
-\def\ToonQuotes#1#2%
- {\NC \tttf \string#1 \NC {#1\showstruts\strut}
- \NC \tttf \string#2 \NC {\showstruts\strut#2} \NC \NR}
-
-\starttabulate[|l|c|l|c|]
-\ToonQuotes \lowerleftsingleninequote \lowerrightsingleninequote
-\ToonQuotes \lowerleftdoubleninequote \lowerrightdoubleninequote
-\ToonQuotes \upperleftsingleninequote \upperrightsingleninequote
-\ToonQuotes \upperleftdoubleninequote \upperrightdoubleninequote
-\ToonQuotes \upperleftsinglesixquote \upperrightsinglesixquote
-\ToonQuotes \upperleftdoublesixquote \upperrightdoublesixquote
-\stoptabulate
-
-\stopcomponent