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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/epodd.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/epodd.bib new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..76016f2dae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/epodd.bib @@ -0,0 +1,4897 @@ +%%% -*-BibTeX-*- +%%% /u/sy/beebe/tex/bib/epodd.bib, Wed Jan 22 16:58:32 1992 +%%% Edit by Nelson H. F. Beebe <beebe at csc-sun.math.utah.edu> +%%% +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% BibTeX-file{ +%%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", +%%% version = "2.22", +%%% date = "11 May 2013", +%%% time = "11:40:58 MDT", +%%% filename = "epodd.bib", +%%% address = "University of Utah +%%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB +%%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 +%%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 +%%% USA", +%%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", +%%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", +%%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", +%%% checksum = "27790 4897 24394 223584", +%%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, +%%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", +%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +%%% keywords = "bibliography, electronic publishing", +%%% license = "public domain", +%%% supported = "yes", +%%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for +%%% the journal Electronic Publishing---Origination, +%%% Dissemination, and Design, or informally, +%%% EP-odd. +%%% +%%% At version 2.22, the year coverage looked +%%% like this: +%%% +%%% 1988 ( 13) 1991 ( 17) 1994 ( 21) +%%% 1989 ( 18) 1992 ( 21) 1995 ( 31) +%%% 1990 ( 17) 1993 ( 45) +%%% +%%% Article: 183 +%%% +%%% Total entries: 183 +%%% +%%% Although the last published issue is dated +%%% December 1995, it did not appear until June +%%% 1997. Publication ceased with that issue. +%%% Copyright was later transferred from the +%%% publisher to the University of Nottingham, +%%% and the entire journal archive is now +%%% available online at +%%% +%%% http://cajun.cs.nott.ac.uk/compsci/epo/papers/epoddtoc.html +%%% +%%% Journal article citation tags look like +%%% author:abbrev-volume-number-page, where the +%%% author part is the last name of the first +%%% author: for example, Pausch:EPODD-3-4-227. +%%% +%%% Entries in this bibliography are sorted in +%%% publication order. +%%% +%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 +%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the +%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word +%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and +%%% characters. This is produced by Robert +%%% Solovay's checksum utility. +%%% +%%% From version 2.00 of this file, all entries +%%% include the journal abstracts and keywords; +%%% many thanks to the journal editors for +%%% providing most of this material in +%%% machine-readable form so that it was +%%% straightforward to reformat and copy into +%%% this file in a couple of evenings' work. +%%% +%%% A snapshot of this file was included in +%%% the CAJUN Project's release of the first +%%% six volumes of EP-odd on CD ROM in Adobe +%%% Acrobat form (a high-quality document +%%% viewing system with hypertext links and +%%% indexing); see the reference labelled +%%% Smith:EPODD-6-4-481 below. CD ROM +%%% subscriptions are available starting with +%%% volume 7 (1994).", +%%% } +%%% ==================================================================== + +@Preamble{ + "\input bibnames.sty " # + "\input texnames.sty " # + "\hyphenation{ + Gon-czar-ow-ski + Para-met-riz-a-tion + Wa-ka-ya-ma + }" # + "\def \INSCRIPT {{\sc in\-script}}" # + "\def \PIC {{\sc pic}}" # + "\def \registered {$^{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex + \hbox{\footnotesize R}\hfil\crcr + \mathhexbox20D}}}$}" # + "\def \trademark {$^{\hbox{\sc tm}}$}" # + "\def \SceX {Sc\kern-.035em \lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125em X}" +} + +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: + +@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, + University of Utah, + Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, + 155 S 1400 E RM 233, + Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, + Tel: +1 801 581 5254, + FAX: +1 801 581 4148, + e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, + \path|beebe@acm.org|, + \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), + URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} + +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% Journal abbreviations: + +@String{j-EPODD = "Electronic Pub\-lish\-ing\emdash{}Orig\-i\-na\-tion, + Dissemination, and Design"} + +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% Bibliography entries: + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-0-0-1, + author = "D. F. Brailsford and R. J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "0", + number = "0", + pages = "1--3", + month = jan, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 23 17:23:07 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + note = "This is a pilot issue of the journal.", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-0-0-4, + author = "D. F. Brailsford and R. J. Beach", + title = "Authoring systems for {EP}-odd", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "0", + number = "0", + pages = "4--9", + month = jan, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 23 17:25:41 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + note = "This is a pilot issue of the journal.", + note-2 = "Pages 10--12 were advertizing.", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-0-0-13, + author = "D. F. Brailsford and R. J. Beach", + title = "Electronic Publishing and Computer Science", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "0", + number = "0", + pages = "13--21", + month = jan, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 16 09:27:15 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + note = "This is a pilot issue of the journal.", + abstract = "Some of the common ground between electronic + publishing and computer science has already been + touched on in the editorial section of this issue. + Further connections between the two fields are + highlighted in this brief paper and it is suggested + that electronic publishing differs from other computer + application areas because it benefits not only from the + brute-force application of cheap computer power but + also from the direct application of a host of computer + science concepts. The history of computers and + typesetters is examined leading up to the electronic + publishing era, followed by an appraisal of those + computer science topics which have already been applied + to problems in typesetting and publishing, and those + which seem poised for exploitation and application in + the near future. The importance of abstract notions and + high-level ideas in the development of computer + science---and hence in electronic publishing---is + pointed out.", + keywords = "Electronic Publishing, Computer Science, PostScript, + Typesetters, Abstraction", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-1-1-1, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "1", + pages = "1--2", + month = apr, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Bentley:EPODD-1-1-3, + author = "J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan", + title = "Tools for Printing Indexes", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "1", + pages = "3--18", + month = apr, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper describes a set of programs for processing + and printing the index for a book or a manual. The + input consists of lines containing index terms and page + numbers. The programs collect multiple occurrences of + the same terms, compress runs of page numbers, create + permutations (e.g., `index, book' from `book index'), + and sort them into proper alphabetic order. The + programs can cope with embedded formatting commands + (size and font changes, etc.), with roman numeral page + numbers, and with {\bf see} terms. The programs do not + help with the original creation of index terms. The + implementation runs on the UNIX\registered{} operating + system. It uses a long pipeline of short {\bf awk} + programs rather than a single program in a conventional + language. This structure makes the programs easy to + adapt or augment to meet special requirements that + arise in different indexing styles. The programs were + intended to be used with {\bf troff}, but can be used + with a formatter like {\TeX} with minor changes. An + appendix contains a complete listing of the programs, + which total about 200 lines.", + keywords = "Indexing, AWK, UNIX, Troff, Document preparation", +} + +@Article{Furuta:EPODD-1-1-19, + author = "R. Furuta and V. Quint and J. Andr{\'{e}}", + title = "Interactively Editing Structured Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "1", + pages = "19--44", + month = apr, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "\def \WYSIWYG {{\sc WYSIWYG}} Document preparation + systems that are oriented to an author's preparation of + printed material must permit the flexible + specification, modification, and reuse of the contents + of the document. Interactive document preparation + systems commonly have incorporated simple + representations---an unconstrained linear list of + document objects in the `What You See Is What You Get' + (\WYSIWYG) systems. Recent research projects have been + directed at the interactive manipulation of richer + tree-oriented representations in which object + relationships are constrained through grammatical + specification. The advantage of such representations is + the increased flexibility that they provide in the + reusability of the document and its components and the + more powerful user commands that they permit. We report + on the experience gained from the design of two such + systems. Although the two systems were designed + independently of each other, a common set of issues, + representations, and techniques has been identified. An + important component of these projects has been to + examine the {\WYSIWYG} user interface, retaining the + naturalness of their user interface but eliminating + their dependencies on the physical-page representation. + Aspects of the design of such systems remain open for + further research. We describe these open research + problems and indicate some of the further gains that + may be achievable through investigation of these + document representations.", + keywords = "Document preparation systems, Structured documents, + Grammatically-defined generic document structures, User + interfaces, Design experience", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-1-1-45, + author = "P. J. Brown", + title = "Linking and Searching Within Hypertext", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "1", + pages = "45--54", + month = apr, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The Find command is a familiar mechanism for + travelling round linear documents. In hypertext + documents, on the other hand, the primary method of + travel is by means of built-in links. The paper + considers how a Find command can be integrated into a + hypertext system. There are two main issues: + \begin{itemize} \item What does it mean to search a + hypertext document? \item Can the two methods of travel + be integrated in such a way that the user does not + become disoriented? \end{itemize}", + keywords = "Hypertext, Find Command, Searching in Hypertext, + Guide", +} + +@Article{Reid:EPODD-1-1-55, + author = "B. K. Reid", + title = "The {USENET} Cookbook\emdash{}an Experiment in + Electronic Publishing", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "1", + pages = "55--76", + month = apr, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Much of the research taking place in the field called + `electronic publishing' would perhaps be better called + `electronic printing' or `electronic typography' or + `electronic drawing' or `electronic file cabinets'. The + word `publishing' has traditionally meant `to make + generally known' or `to disseminate'. In December 1985 + I began a venture in true electronic + publishing\emdash{}`true' in the sense that its primary + goals were to explore electronic dissemination rather + than electronic typesetting or formatting. I wanted to + start a periodical that could be distributed + electronically, that would use computers for every + aspect of its production and distribution process, and + that would be on a topic of wide enough interest to + attract subscribers in as many countries as possible. + Furthermore the topic had to be absorbing enough to + engage my own interest for long enough to gain + substantial experience. The chosen topic was cookery. I + began a weekly magazine whose contents are recipes. To + submit a recipe for publication, a prospective author + mails the recipe to the editor by electronic mail. The + publishing process from that point is similar to more + ordinary magazines. A copy editor rewrites the recipe + for stylistic consistency and then hands it to the + `international desk', which checks to make sure that + the recipe uses only ingredients that are widely known + and internationally available. The international desk + also converts recipes to or from metric units, so that + every recipe will include both. From the international + desk, the recipe goes to a `test and proofreading' + office, at which an editor checks to make sure that the + recipe is coherent and comprehensible and that the dish + it describes is palatable. Finally, recipes are moved + to the production office, where they are bundled into + issues in time to meet a Thursday publication deadline. + During this test period I have done all of the + editorial tasks myself, but the internal structure of + the publication system is such that different people + could do the different tasks without disrupting the + flows and procedures. The recipes are distributed in a + text formatting language, and each subscriber is sent + software to format that language into some output + format that he can print on his machine. Subscribers + typically extract the recipes out of each weekly issue + and put them into a local database, from which they can + print pages for a notebook or access the recipes with + online retrieval commands. The text formatting language + is a dialect of {\em troff}, and the vast majority of + subscribers use a special set of {\em troff\/} macros + to do the formatting. The publication is called {\em + The USENET Cookbook}. It has about 13~000 subscribers + worldwide, and has had recipes contributed by about 300 + different people. Most of the subscribers are in + English-speaking countries.", + keywords = "Magazine, Automated production, Online publication, + Cookbook", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-1-2-77, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "2", + pages = "77--78", + month = sep, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Oakley:EPODD-1-2-79, + author = "A. L. Oakley and A. C. Norris", + title = "Page Description Languages: Development, + Implementation and Standardization", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "2", + pages = "79--96", + month = sep, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Advances in laser technology have facilitated the + development of printers which accept input in the form + of pages rather than the lines characteristic of impact + printers. Concurrently, page description languages + (PDLs) have been designed to facilitate the integration + of complex text and graphics for printing. PDLs are + described in a variety of ways and the paper starts + with a rationalization of these viewpoints. It then + traces the development of PDLs, describes their main + characteristics, and looks at their relationship with + laser printers. A survey of current implementations is + then followed by an analysis of the relationship of + these languages to other schemes for the description of + printed images. Finally, the paper considers the + requirements for a PDL standard.", + keywords = "Page description languages, Laser printers, RIP, + Standards", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-1-2-97, + author = "H. Brown", + title = "Parallel Processing and Document Layout", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "2", + pages = "97--104", + month = sep, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Interactive editing and layout of high quality + multi-media documents is a demanding application that + is limited by the processing power available from + current workstations. This short paper takes a + preliminary look at the opportunities for exploiting + parallelism within the document layout process, and + suggests that radically new ways of thinking may be + needed to take advantage of the enormous parallel + processing capabilities offered by a new generation of + workstations based on configurable networks of + Transputers.", + keywords = "Structured documents, ODA (Office Document + Architecture), Document layout, Parallel layout + algorithms, Occam, Transputers", +} + +@Article{Lucarella:EPODD-1-2-105, + author = "D. Lucarella", + title = "A Search Strategy for Large Document Bases", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "2", + pages = "105--116", + month = sep, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In this paper, we emphasize the need of modelling the + inherent {\em uncertainty\/} associated with the + information retrieval process. Within this context, a + search strategy is proposed for locating documents + which are {\em likely\/} to be relevant to a given + query. A notion of closeness between document(s) and + query is introduced and the implementation of an + improved algorithm for the identification of the + closest document set is presented with emphasis on + computational efficiency.", + keywords = "Information storage and retrieval, Retrieval models, + Similarity computation, Document access methods, Search + algorithms, Search efficiency", +} + +@Article{Arrabito:EPODD-1-2-117, + author = "R. Arrabito and H. J{\"{u}}rgensen", + title = "Computerized {Braille} Typesetting: Another View of + Mark-up Standards", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "1", + number = "2", + pages = "117--132", + month = sep, + year = "1988", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Recent advances in computerized text processing will + not only revolutionize methods of publication, but may + also increase the availability of information for the + handicapped---especially for blind or visually impaired + individuals. In this paper we discuss the feasibility + of a direct translation of typesetter input into + Braille output with special emphasis on scientific and + mathematical text. To do so we use the {\TeX} computer + typesetting system as a paradigm; however, the essence + of our conclusions is true for other systems too. We + briefly describe the present state of a related + implementation project. Our study derives several + recommendations concerning the standards for mark-up + languages and for Braille encodings. They strongly + support the development of ``semantic'' mark-up.", + keywords = "Braille, Markup, Typesetting, {\TeX}", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-2-1-1, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "1", + pages = "1--2", + month = apr, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Barron:EPODD-2-1-3, + author = "D. W. Barron", + title = "Why Use {SGML}?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "1", + pages = "3--24", + month = apr, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) is a + recently-adopted International Standard (ISO 8879), the + first of a series of proposed Standards in the area of + Information Processing\emdash{}Text and Office Systems. + The paper presents some background material on markup + systems, gives a brief account of SGML, and attempts to + clarify the precise nature and purpose of SGML, which + are widely misunderstood. It then goes on to explore + the reasons why SGML should (or should not) be used in + preference to older-established systems.", + keywords = "SGML, Markup, Generalised markup, Formatters", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-2-1-25, + author = "D. F. Brailsford and D. R. Evans", + title = "Parallel Processing in Document Formatting: An + Experiment Using {PIC}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "1", + pages = "25--46", + month = apr, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The manipulation of text and graphics within a + computer provides opportunities for the exploitation of + parallel processing. It is straightforward to identify + blocks of material such as complete diagrams or + paragraphs of text which can be processed in parallel + and which have modest requirements for synchronization + and communication between the blocks. The features of a + problem which lead to an elegant and efficient + application of parallelism are identified, including + good locality of reference, a small `state vector' of + shared global variables and a clear relationship + between the material on the page and the `cost' of + processing it. This last-named attribute enables a + problem to be partitioned among multiple processors by + a static compile-time analysis rather than relying on + costly run-time allocation strategies. The {\PIC} + program for line diagrams has been modified to allow + for such a static allocation and to permit + synchronization and rendezvous between multiple + invocations of the program. The aim of this was to + investigate whether worthwhile gains in performance + would result from subdividing a diagram drawn with + {\PIC} and then processing the various portions in + parallel. A series of benchmark timings is presented + which show the degree of overlap obtainable in + processing separate parts of a diagram together with + the inherent limits to parallelism imposed by the + `atomic' entities in {\PIC} and the inevitable + communication overheads between the parallel processes. + The design features of the {\PIC} language are + identified which made it suitable for these researches + and we are able to draw certain general conclusions + about desirable properties of text and graphic entities + which are to be processed in parallel. This in turn + enables us to identify design features of the + underlying software which will facilitate parallel + processing.", + keywords = "Document processing, Parallel processing, {\PIC}, + Benchmarking", +} + +@Article{Duan:EPODD-2-1-47, + author = "G. Duan and R. A. Morris", + title = "The Importance of Phase in the Spectra of Digital + Type", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "1", + pages = "47--60", + month = apr, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The role of phase in the spectra of digital type is + examined. Characters and text are found to have more + information in the phase than in the magnitude, just as + for natural images. For letterforms, this means that + the position of features, not their size, has the + greatest influence on their discrimination. An + iterative reconstruction of characters from their phase + and from a magnitude characteristic only of the font, + not the individual characters, is examined.", + keywords = "Digital type, Signal reconstruction, Phase + information", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-2-2-63, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "2", + pages = "63--64", + month = jul, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Warmer:EPODD-2-2-65, + author = "J. Warmer and S. {Van Egmond}", + title = "The Implementation of the {Amsterdam} {SGML} Parser", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "2", + pages = "65--90", + month = jul, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), is an + ISO Standard that specifies a language for document + representation. This paper gives a short introduction + to SGML and describes the Amsterdam SGML Parser and the + problems we encountered in implementing the Standard. + These problems include interpretation of the Standard + in the places where it is ambiguous and the technical + problems in parsing SGML documents.", + keywords = "SGML, Structured documents, Document preparation, + Parser generators", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-2-2-91, + author = "P. J. Brown", + title = "Do We Need Maps to Navigate Round Hypertext + Documents?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "2", + pages = "91--100", + month = jul, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In many hypertext systems users are provided with a + map of the underlying directed graph of their hypertext + document. Arguably this is like filling a program with + goto statements and then placating the readers of the + program by providing a map of all the gotos. In this + paper we present an alternative approach which goes + some way\emdash{}but not the whole way\emdash{}towards + providing a hypertext user interface that distances the + reader from the underlying directed graph.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Navigation, Map, Guide", +} + +@Article{Bruggemann-Klein:EPODD-2-2-101, + author = "A. Br{\"{u}}ggeman-Klein and D. Wood", + title = "Drawing Trees Nicely with {\TeX{}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "2", + pages = "101--115", + month = jul, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We present a new solution to the tree drawing problem + that integrates an excellent tree drawing algorithm + into one of the best text processing systems available. + More precisely, we present a {\TeX} macro package + called Tree{\TeX} that produces drawings of trees from + a purely logical description. Our approach has three + advantages: labels for nodes can be handled in a + reasonable way; porting Tree{\TeX} to any site running + {\TeX} is a trivial operation; and modularity in the + description of a tree and {\TeX}'s macro capabilities + allow for libraries of subtrees and tree classes. In + addition, Tree{\TeX} has an option that produces + drawings that make the {\bf structure} of the trees + more obvious to the human eye, even though they may not + be as aesthetically pleasing.", + keywords = "Trees, Graphics, Drawing algorithms, {\TeX}", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-2-3-117, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "3", + pages = "117--118", + month = oct, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Becker:EPODD-2-3-119, + author = "Zeev Becker and Daniel Berry", + title = "{{\tt triroff}}, an adaptation of the + device-independent {{\tt troff}} for formatting + tri-directional text", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "3", + pages = "119--142", + month = oct, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper describes a system for formatting documents + consisting of text written in languages printed in + three different directions, left-to-right, + right-to-left, and top-to-bottom. For example, this + paper is such a document because it contains text + written in English, Hebrew, Japanese, and Chinese. The + system assumes that the input is in the order in which + the text is read aloud, and it produces output in which + each language is printed in its own correct direction, + but for which a human cognizant of the reading + conventions will reproduce the input order. The system + consists of three major pieces of software: Ossana and + Kernighan's {\tt ditroff} for formatting text + consisting of only left-to-right or unidirectional + text, Buchman and Berry's {\tt ffortid} for rearranging + right-to-left language text occurring in {\tt ditroff} + output to be printed from right to left, and a new + program {\tt bditroff} for rearranging top-to-bottom + text occurring in {\tt ditroff} output to be printed + from top to bottom. Below are translations of this + English language abstract, except for this paragraph, + into Hebrew, Japanese, and Chinese. The latter two are + printed twice, once in a modern left-to-right style, + and once in a more traditional top-to-bottom style. The + software described in this paper was used to format and + print this paper.", + keywords = "Document preparation, Multi-lingual, + Multi-directional, Troff, Typesetting", +} + +@Article{Burrill:EPODD-2-3-143, + author = "Victoria A. Burrill and John A. Ogden", + title = "{VORTEXT}: The hard-backed screen", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "3", + pages = "143--156", + month = oct, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "With the current information explosion in the number + of books and periodicals published annually coupled + with the decreasing costs and availability of + wordprocessors, it is authors, not publishers, who are + becoming the main controllers of a document. If a + document is written using a computer then it obviously + makes sense for it to be read on the same medium. But + how will the ordinary man-in-the-street react to this? + How will he react to sitting down at a terminal instead + of browsing through bookshelves? How will he react to + scanning a screenful of text rather than feeling the + `physicalness' of a real book? What facilities will he + expect? What facilities will he want? This paper is the + result of three and a half years research using VORTEXT + \emdash{} VictORias TEXT reading system \emdash{} a + unique interface which begins to explore the limits, + possibilities (and pitfalls!) of extending the `real + book' metaphor across from its traditional paper medium + to its future computerized form.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Electronic books", +} + +@Article{Gonczarowski:EPODD-2-3-157, + author = "Jakob Gonczarowski and On G. Paradise", + title = "{InScript}\emdash{}a {C}-like preprocessor for + {PostScript}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "3", + pages = "157--167", + month = oct, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "{\INSCRIPT} is a front-end for the {\POSTSCRIPT} + page-description language. {\INSCRIPT} is easier to + write (and read) than {\POSTSCRIPT} as it uses + high-level syntax, performs automatic stack + manipulation and defines a clearer interface to the + {\POSTSCRIPT} imaging model. {\INSCRIPT} programs for + graphic imaging can be developed interactively, or + compiled to produce {\POSTSCRIPT} code for off-line + use. This paper describes the {\INSCRIPT} environment, + its language features, its implementation, and the way + {\POSTSCRIPT} code is generated from its various + constructs. Possible enhancements to {\POSTSCRIPT} are + suggested which would turn it into a better `execute + engine' for code generated from high level languages. + Direct {\POSTSCRIPT} programming would then be much + easier as well.", + keywords = "High-level language interface, {\POSTSCRIPT}, Program + readability, Stack languages, Variable allocation", +} + +@Article{Andre:EPODD-2-3-169, + author = "Jacques Andr{\'{e}}", + title = "Can structured formatters prevent train crashes?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "3", + pages = "169--173", + month = oct, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Aug 23 22:59:56 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "A typographic layout error is analysed for its likely + effect as being one of the causes of a train crash. + Arguments are put forward to show that this error could + not have occurred if a structured text formatter had + been used.", + keywords = "Structured formatters, Document reliability, + Typographic errors", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-2-4-177, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard J. Beach", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "4", + pages = "177--178", + month = dec, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Al-Hawamdeh:EPODD-2-4-179, + author = "Suliman Al-Hawamdeh and Peter Willett", + title = "Paragraph-based nearest neighbor searching in + full-text documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "4", + pages = "179--192", + month = dec, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Aug 23 23:00:10 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper discusses the searching of full-text + documents to identify paragraphs that are relevant to a + user request. Given a natural language query statement, + a nearest neighbour search involves ranking the + paragraphs comprising a full-text document in order of + descending similarity with the query, where the + similarity for each paragraph is determined by the + number of keyword stems that it has in common with the + query. This approach is compared with the more + conventional Boolean search which requires the user to + specify the logical relationships between the query + terms. Comparative searches using 130 queries and 20 + full-text documents demonstrate the general + effectiveness of the nearest neighbour model for + paragraph-based searching. It is shown that the output + from a nearest neighbour search can be used to guide a + reader to the most appropriate segment of an online + full-text document.", + keywords = "Best match searching, Browsing, Full-text documents, + Information retrieval, Nearest neighbor searching, + Paragraph-based searching", +} + +@Article{Harrison:EPODD-2-4-193, + author = "Michael A. Harrison and Ethan V. Munson", + title = "On integrated bibliography processing", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "4", + pages = "193--209", + month = dec, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Bibliography processing systems are important to the + production of scholarly and technical documents. While + the existing systems are a significant aid to authors, + their designs are not sufficient to handle the demands + that have arisen with their continued use. These + demands include larger bibliographic databases, sharing + of databases among multiple authors, integration with + document editors, and the desire for new features. This + paper examines these issues as they are reflected in + three enhancements to the bibliography processing + facilities of the GNU Emacs {\BibTeX}-Mode and + {\TeX}-Mode integrated editing environment. The added + features were a reference annotation facility, support + of forms-based queries for automatic citation, and an + enhanced reference inspection facility supporting + WYSIWYG display of references. The design and + implementation of the three features are discussed in + detail. Their relationship to other bibliography + processing tools is discussed.", + keywords = "Bibliography processing, Document processing, + Integrated systems, Annotations, Forms-based query, + Reference inspection", +} + +@Article{Furuta:EPODD-2-4-211, + author = "Richard K. Furuta and Catherine Plaisant and Ben + Shneiderman", + title = "Automatically transforming regularly structured + documents into {Hypertext}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "4", + pages = "211--229", + month = dec, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Fully automatic conversion of a paper-based document + into hypertext can be achieved in many cases if the + original document is naturally partitioned into a + collection of small-sized pieces that are unambiguously + and consistently structured. We describe the + methodology that we have used successfully to design + and implement several straightforward conversions from + the original document's machine-readable markup.", + keywords = "Hypertext conversion, Document structure, Conversion + methodology", +} + +@Article{Bench-Capon:EPODD-2-4-231, + author = "Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon and Paul E. Dunne", + title = "Some computational properties of a model for + electronic documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "2", + number = "4", + pages = "231--256", + month = dec, + year = "1989", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Differing types of documents exhibit varying + structures. These may arise, at one level, because of + the material comprising the text -- thus textbooks will + be organized differently from research papers -- and at + a lower level as a result of the layout conventions by + which the text is formatted. These structuring regimes + may be seen as defining a set of constraints which a + document within a specific class must satisfy. In this + paper we examine the model recently proposed in + Reference \cite{Koo} which is used for representing and + modifying electronic documents. This employs simple + graph grammars as a means of translating changes in the + document structure into modifications to the computer + representation. The aim of this approach is to provide + computer support which will allow the appropriate + structural conventions to be preserved while the + document is being edited. We consider the following + problem with this method: given a set of `constraints' + which the document must satisfy and a collection of + rules prescribing how the document representation may + be modified, how does one prove that {\em only\/} + documents which obey the constraints can be generated + by repeated applications of the rules? We describe one + way in which this question can be more precisely + formulated and call this the {\em consistency + checking\/} problem. It is shown that, in general, this + problem cannot be solved. We then outline how, for + practical applications, the consistency checking + problem may be solved for certain special cases.", + keywords = "Document models, Graph modification systems, + Electronic documents", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-3-1-1, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "1", + pages = "1--2", + month = feb, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Hansen:EPODD-3-1-3, + author = "Bo Stig Hansen", + title = "A Function-based Formatting Model", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "1", + pages = "3--28", + month = feb, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "\def \Benedick {BENEDICK} The work presented here + concerns a document processing model accounting for + aspects of an activity which is usually called + formatting. The core of the model, an experimental + formatting language called FFL, is the central topic. + FFL is a purely functional language in the style of FP + and the applicative part of APL\@. Sequences, + characters, and so-called boxes constitute the data + types and among the build-in primitives are functions + for aligning/spacing, breaking etc. Emphasis is put on + presenting the language and exemplifying its use. Also + considered are issues in type checking of formatting + function definitions and techniques for doing + incremental formatting with FFL formatting functions. + FFL is currently being implemented by the {\Benedick} + project group led by the author.", + keywords = "Text formatting, Document processing models, + Functional programming, Special-purpose languages", +} + +@Article{Feiner:EPODD-3-1-29, + author = "Steven K. Feiner", + title = "Authoring Large Hypermedia Documents with {IGD}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "1", + pages = "29--46", + month = feb, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The IGD (Interactive Graphical Documents) hypermedia + system was designed to make possible interactive + presentations that can be explored by and customized + for individual users. We describe IGD's authoring + facilities through an annotated excerpt from an editing + session, emphasizing how the system's document model + and user interface help support the creation of large + documents. Although we feel that IGD successfully + addressed some of the issues of scale, experience with + the system has convinced us that it is wrong to cast + many of the problems of authoring large hypertexts as + ones that can be solved by implementing editors of + sufficient scope and sophistication. We believe that + hypertext design systems based on direct editing of + documents inherit many of the bottlenecks associated + with the conventional document authoring process. These + problems are compounded by the added intellectual + burden of designing a connective structure of keyworded + links. We contrast the reality of the author-centered, + editor-based approach to document design and layout, + exemplified by IGD, with the promise of a + knowledge-based, automated alternative, and discuss why + we feel that many of the facilities provided by IGD + will still be useful even if presentations can be + created entirely automatically.", + keywords = "Hypermedia, Hypertext user interfaces, Document + editors, IGD, Directed-graph editors", +} + +@Article{Dodd:EPODD-3-1-47, + author = "W. P. Dodd", + title = "Convergent Publication, or the Hybrid Journal: Paper + plus Telecommunications", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "1", + pages = "47--60", + month = feb, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The majority of research studies of `the electronic + journal' have concentrated on producing a + computer-based near-replica of the printed paper + journal. This article argues that such an approach is + inappropriate and suggests that a complementary, + computer plus paper, approach might have advantages. + The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages + of the paper product, then briefly reviews the research + on electronic journals before discussing their + advantages and disadvantages. The strengths and + weaknesses of both paper and electronic formats are + then compared, and from this comparison a proposal is + made for the creation of a hybrid journal system + combining the strengths of both media.", + keywords = "Learned journals, Electronic publishing, Electronic + journals, Computer teleconferencing", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-3-2-63, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "2", + pages = "63--64", + month = may, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Habusha:EPODD-3-2-65, + author = "Uri Habusha and Daniel Berry", + title = "Vi.iv, a bi-directional version of the vi full-screen + editor", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "2", + pages = "65--91", + month = may, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper describes the semantics, design, and + implementation of {\bf vi.iv}, a bi-directional + revision of {\bf vi}, the standard, full-screen editor + available in UNIX\trademark{} systems. The main goal + was to produce the new program with as little change as + possible to the semantics and implementation of the + original {\bf vi}.", + keywords = "Bi-directional, Editing, Full-screen editor, + Multi-lingual, {\bf vi}", +} + +@Article{Kaelbling:EPODD-3-2-93, + author = "Michael J. Kaelbling", + title = "On improving {SGML}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "2", + pages = "93--98", + month = may, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Several improvements are suggested to the syntax of + SGML, the recent international standard for the + description of electronic document types. These + improvements ease processing by existing tools, remove + ambiguity cleanly, and increase human usability. They + also indicate some guidelines that should be followed + in the design and specification of computer-software + standards. By following accepted computer-science + conventions for the description of languages the design + of a standard may be improved, and the subsequent + implementation task simplified.", + keywords = "Ambiguity, LALR(1), Grammars, Language Definitions, + Parsing, SGML, Standards", +} + +@Article{Knuth:EPODD-3-2-99, + author = "Donald E. Knuth", + title = "A note on digitized angles", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "2", + pages = "99--104", + month = may, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We study the configurations of pixels that occur when + two digitized straight lines meet each other. The exact + number of different configurations is calculated when + the lines have rational slopes. This theory helps to + explain the empirically observed phenomenon that the + two ``halves'' of an arrowhead don't look the same.", + keywords = "Pixels (pels), Digitized images, Arrows, Angle + bisection, Bresenham algorithm", +} + +@Article{Terry:EPODD-3-2-105, + author = "Douglas B. Terry and Donald G. Baker", + title = "Active {Tioga} documents: an exploration of two + paradigms", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "2", + pages = "105--122", + month = may, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The advent of electronic media has changed the way we + think about documents. Documents with illustrations, + spreadsheets, and mathematical formulae have become + commonplace, but documents with active components have + been rare. This paper focuses on our extensions to the + Tioga editor to support two very different styles of + active documents. One paradigm involves dynamically + computing, or at least transforming, the contents of a + document as it is displayed. A second paradigm uses + notifications of edits to a document to trigger + activities. Document activities can include database + queries, which are evaluated and placed in the document + upon opening the document, or constraints between + portions of a document, which are maintained as the + user edits the document. The resulting active documents + can be viewed, edited, filed, and mailed in the same + way as regular documents, while retaining their + activities.", + keywords = "Active documents, Structured document editors, User + interfaces, Databases", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-3-3-123, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "3", + pages = "123--124", + month = aug, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Rada:EPODD-3-3-125, + author = "Roy Rada", + title = "Hypertext writing and document reuse: the role of a + semantic net", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "3", + pages = "125--140", + month = aug, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "When document components are classified and then + recombined during document reuse, a semantic net may + serve as the classification language. A theory of + analogical inheritance, applied to this semantic net, + guides the reorganization of document components. + Authors index paragraphs from various sources with + node-link-node triples from a semantic net and then use + programs to traverse the semantic net and generate + various outlines. The program examines node and link + names in deciding which path to take. This paper + describes how these techniques helped the author to + reuse parts of an existing book to write a new one.", + keywords = "Semantic net, Document reuse, Linearization", +} + +@Article{Rossiter:EPODD-3-3-141, + author = "B. N. Rossiter and T. J. Sillitoe and M. A. Heather", + title = "Database support for very large hypertexts", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "3", + pages = "141--154", + month = aug, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Current hypertext systems have been widely and + effectively used on relatively small data volumes. The + potential of database technology is explored for aiding + the implementation of hypertext systems holding very + large amounts of complex data. Databases meet many + requirements of the hypermedium: persistent data + management, large volumes, data modelling, multi-level + architecture with abstractions and views, metadata + integrated with operational data, short-term + transaction processing and high-level end-user + languages for searching and updating data. To + illustrate the potential for the use of databases, a + system implementing the storage, retrieval and recall + of trails through hypertext comprising textual complex + objects is described. Weaknesses in current database + systems for handling the complex modelling required are + discussed.", + keywords = "Databases, Hypertext, Paths, Trail management, + Composite objects", +} + +@Article{Pollard:EPODD-3-3-155, + author = "Richard Pollard", + title = "Hypertext presentation of thesauri used in online + searching", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "3", + pages = "155--172", + month = aug, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In this article we explore the strengths and + limitations of hypertext for the online presentation of + thesauri used in information retrieval. We examine the + ability of hypertext to support each of three common + types of thesaurus display: graphic, alphabetical, and + hierarchical. Graphic displays generated by hypertext + browsers appear to be inferior to their printed + counterparts. The simple alphabetical display can be + easily mapped onto hypertext systems but has the + inherent disadvantage of not showing a full hierarchy + at the entry point for a term. Hierarchical displays + are well suited to hypertext presentation but do not + include definitional or complete relational + information. We present a design for a hypertext-based + hierarchical display that addresses many inadequacies + of printed hierarchical displays. We also illustrate + how this design might be implemented using a + commercially available hypertext system. Finally, we + consider issues related to the implementation and + evaluation of hypertext-based thesauri.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Thesauri, Online searching, Guide", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-3-4-177, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "4", + pages = "177--178", + month = nov, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Furuta:EPODD-3-4-179, + author = "Richard K. Furuta and P. David Stotts", + title = "A functional meta-structure for hypertext models and + systems", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "4", + pages = "179--205", + month = nov, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We describe a hypertext `meta-structure'---one that + provides an organization for the architecture of + hypertext models and systems. The meta-structure was + initially developed to help us understand the + architecture of a specific hypertext model (the Trellis + hypertext model). However, its organization seems + generally applicable to a wide range of other models + and systems as well. As such, the meta-structure is a + good candidate for a high-level hypertext {\it + reference model}, and so we refer to it as the {\it + Trellis hypertext reference model}, or the {\it + r-model}. The r-model represents a hypertext at five + levels of abstraction---two abstract levels, two + concrete levels, and one visible level. In this paper, + we present the r-model, use it to classify four + different hypertext (and hypertext-like) systems, and + then discuss its relationship to various + hypertext-defined concepts.", + keywords = "Hypermedia, Hypertext, Meta-model, Model, Reference + model, Structure, Trellis", +} + +@Article{Jones:EPODD-3-4-207, + author = "Tricia Jones and Ben Shneiderman", + title = "Examining usability for a training-oriented hypertext: + Can hyper-activity be good?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "4", + pages = "207--225", + month = nov, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We describe the design and evaluation of a + hypertext-based tutorial for hypertext authors. This + 85-article tutorial represents an innovative + application of hypertext to procedural learning. The + work has been influenced by Carroll's minimalist model, + and by the syntactic/semantic semantic model of user + behavior. The usability study involved eight subjects + who studied the Hyperties Author Tutorial (HAT) for + approximately one hour and then performed a set of + authoring tasks in an average of 21 minutes. All users + successfully completed the tasks. As a result of the + study, we provide a characterization of appropriate + uses of hypertext for training, and describe the + meaning of a hyper-active environment.", + keywords = "Hypermedia, Hypertext, Hyperties, Training", +} + +@Article{Pausch:EPODD-3-4-227, + author = "R. Pausch and J. Detmer", + title = "Node popularity as a hypertext browsing aid", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "3", + number = "4", + pages = "227--234", + month = nov, + year = "1990", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We have performed a user study where the popularity of + each node in a hypertext database was presented with + the links leading to that node. Popularity was computed + by counting the number of users who had previously + visited the node. Our users clearly incorporated + popularity information in their decisions; we compare + their browsing patterns with a control group for whom + the popularity information was not provided. One + possible use of popularity can be to offset the + previously documented trait of users to over-select + items near the top or bottom of a linear list. We + document that popularity information affects user + behavior, but we do not necessarily advocate its use. + Incorporating popularity information raises other + questions of design and ethics which are beyond the + scope of this paper.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Browsing, Node relevance, User study, + Popularity", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-4-1-1, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "1", + pages = "1--2", + month = mar, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Warmer:EPODD-4-1-3, + author = "Jos Warmer and Hans van Vliet", + title = "Processing {SGML} Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "1", + pages = "3--26", + month = mar, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is an ISO + Standard that specifies a language for document + representation. The main idea behind SGML is to + strictly separate the structure and contents of a + document from the processing of that document. This + results in application-independent and thus reusable + documents. To gain the full benefit of this approach, + tools are needed to support a wide range of + applications. The Standard itself does not define how + to specify the processing of documents. Many existing + SGML systems allow for a simple translation of an SGML + document, which exhibits a 1--1 correspondence between + elements in the SGML document and its translation. For + many applications this does not suffice. In other + systems the processing can be expressed in a + special-purpose programming language. In this paper the + various approaches to processing SGML documents are + assessed. We also discuss a novel approach, taken in + the Amsterdam SGML Parser. In this approach, processing + actions are embedded in the grammar rules that specify + the document structure, much like processing actions + are embedded in grammars of programming languages that + are input to a parser generator. The appendix contains + an extended example of the use of this approach.", + keywords = "SGML, Parser generators, Application generators, Data + translation, Structured documents, Reusability", +} + +@Article{Mamrak:EPODD-4-1-27, + author = "Sandra A. Mamrak and J. A. Barnes", + title = "Considerations for the preparation of {SGML} Document + Type Definitions", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "1", + pages = "27--42", + month = mar, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The Standard Generalized Markup Language, SGML, is + being adopted by various international organizations as + the medium for exchange of electronically encoded + documents. An exchange is accomplished by way of a + Document Type Definition, DTD, that describes the + content of documents targeted for an exchange. In this + paper we suggest considerations for the designers of + SGML DTDs. The considerations emphasize uniformity and + simplicity without sacrificing expressive power. The + considerations are not comprehensive: they address + minimization features, attributes, inclusion and + exclusion exceptions, and the CONCUR feature of SGML.", + keywords = "Data representation, Document Type Definitions, + Standard Generalized Markup Language", +} + +@Article{Harrison:EPODD-4-1-43, + author = "Michael A. Harrison and Ethan V. Munson", + title = "Numbering document components", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "1", + pages = "43--60", + month = mar, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Numbering document components such as sections, + subsections, figures and equations gives each component + a unique identifier and helps the user locate the + component when it is cross-referenced. This paper + discusses ways in which such numbering can be described + and proposes a simple paradigm for declarative + specification of how components should be numbered. The + class of algorithms for incremental update of component + numbers is studied and the ``best'' such algorithm is + developed in detail.", + keywords = "Structured documents, Component numbering, Incremental + update, Interactive systems, Last/previous algorithm, + Declarative specification", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-4-2-61, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "2", + pages = "61--62", + month = jun, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Barnes:EPODD-4-2-63, + author = "Julie A. Barnes and Sandra A. Mamrak", + title = "A model and toolset for the uniform tagging of encoded + documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "2", + pages = "63--85", + month = jun, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In this paper we present a new, abstract model for + textual data objects with embedded markup. Based on the + model, we propose a uniform representation for these + objects that borrows its concrete syntax from the ISO + standard SGML\@. Such a uniform representation will + greatly facilitate the development of software that + analyzes, formats or otherwise processes these objects. + We then describe a toolset that supports the retagging + of existing encoded data objects to the new uniform + representation. Our experience with the toolset + demonstrates a savings of approximately 10:1 over a + retagging effort without the toolset.", + keywords = "Data translation, Lexical analysis, Automatic code + generation", +} + +@Article{Savoy:EPODD-4-2-87, + author = "Jacques Savoy and Daniel Desbois", + title = "Information retrieval in hypertext systems: an + approach using {Bayesian} networks", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "2", + pages = "87--108", + month = jun, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The emphasis in most hypertext systems is on the + navigational methods, rather than on the global + document retrieval mechanisms. When a search mechanism + is provided, it is often restricted to simple string + matching or to the Boolean model. As an alternate + method, we propose a retrieval mechanism using Bayesian + inference networks. The main contribution of our + approach is the automatic construction of this network + using the expected mutual information measure to build + the inference tree, and using Jaccard's formula to + define fixed conditional probability relationships.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Information retrieval, Information + retrieval in hypertext, Bayesian network, Probabilistic + retrieval model, Probabilistic inference, Uncertainty + processing", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-4-2-109, + author = "P. J. Brown", + title = "Using logical objects to control hypertext + appearance", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "2", + pages = "109--118", + month = jun, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "It is accepted wisdom that documents should be + represented in terms of their logical structure rather + than their appearance. Nevertheless most of the popular + document processing systems concentrate on appearance + rather than structure, mainly because most users opt + for a user interface that is interactive, simple and + direct. This paper considers issues related to fonts + and other appearance attributes within hypertext + documents. It first presents the relevant differences + between hypertext systems and document preparation + systems whose end product is paper. It then goes on to + describe a scheme for representing appearance through + logical structure. The scheme aims to meet the extra + needs of hypertext systems, and yet still to be simple + enough to attract wide usage.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Logical object, Font, Guide", +} + +@Article{Stotts:EPODD-4-2-119, + author = "P. David Stotts and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Hypertext 2000: Databases or Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "2", + pages = "119--121", + month = jun, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-4-3-123, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "3", + pages = "123--124", + month = sep, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Cowan:EPODD-4-3-125, + author = "D. D. Cowan and E. W. Mackie and G. M. Pianosi and G. + de V. Smit", + title = "Rita\emdash{}an editor and user interface for + manipulating structured documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "3", + pages = "125--150", + month = sep, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Apr 30 10:23:51 1999", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + note = "See \cite{Cole:EPODD-5-4-209}.", + abstract = "Structured documents such as those developed for SGML, + GML or {\LaTeX} usually contain a combination of text + and tags. Since various types of documents require tags + with different placement, the creator of a document + must learn and retain a large amount of knowledge. Rita + consists of an editor and user interface which are + controlled by a grammar or description of a document + type and its tags, and which guide the user in + preparing a document, thus avoiding the problems of + tags being used or placed incorrectly. The user + interface contains a display which is almost WYSIWYG so + that the appearance of the document can be examined + while it is being prepared. This paper describes Rita, + its user interface and some of its internal structure + and algorithms, and relates anecdotal user experiences. + Comparisons are also made with other commercial and + experimental systems.", + keywords = "Document manipulation, Finite state automata, User + interfaces, Incomplete documents, Structured documents, + Syntax-directed editing, Partial documents", +} + +@Article{Karow:EPODD-4-3-151, + author = "Peter Karow", + title = "Digital punch cutting", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "3", + pages = "151--170", + month = sep, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Digital punch cutting is today's font technology. + There are three different methods available for getting + alphabets into digital form: hand-digitizing, + auto-tracing and direct design on a workstation screen. + The advent of intelligent font scaling requires us to + ensure the `optical' quality of a font and also the + `numerical' quality of its data; this, in turn, means + that new procedures have to be added to the font + production process. Furthermore, a given typeface has + to be rendered on a wide variety of output devices + ranging from computer displays, printers (dot-matrix, + laser, inkjet or thermal-transfer) and typesetters (CRT + or laser) to the more exotic devices such as plotters, + vinyl-cutters and routers. To deal with this it is + necessary to set up a database of font data, in a + machine-independent format such as IKARUS\@. This + enables us to cope with the long life cycles of + typefaces and also to serve present and future + applications by converting the IKARUS data into various + machine-specific formats.", + keywords = "Digital typefaces, Hand-digitizing, IKARUS format, + Auto-tracing, Font technology, Intelligent font + scaling", +} + +@Article{Bigelow:EPODD-4-3-171, + author = "Charles A. Bigelow and Kris Holmes", + title = "Notes on {Apple 4} Fonts", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "3", + pages = "171--181", + month = sep, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Lucarella:EPODD-4-4-183, + author = "Dario Lucarella", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "4", + pages = "183--184", + month = dec, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Cringean:EPODD-4-4-185, + author = "Janey K. Cringean and Roger England and Gordon A. + Manson and Peter Willett", + title = "Nearest-neighbour searching in files of text + signatures using transputer networks", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "4", + pages = "185--203", + month = dec, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper discusses the implementation of + nearest-neighbour document retrieval in serial files + using transputer networks. The system uses a two-stage + retrieval algorithm in which an initial text-signature + search is used to exclude large numbers of documents + from the detailed and time-consuming pattern-matching + search. The latter is implemented using a processor + farm, so that documents which match at the signature + level can be examined in parallel to determine whether + they are, in fact, a good match for the query. The + results demonstrate that communication is the critical + factor in all of the transputer networks that were + investigated. A high degree of speed-up can be obtained + when only the pattern-matching search is carried out. + When text signatures are used, however, the speed-up is + less, decreasing in line with an increase in the size + of the text signatures that are used.", + keywords = "Best-match searching, Full-text documents, Geometric + parallelism, Information retrieval, Nearest-neighbour + searching, Parallel processing", +} + +@Article{Sanderson:EPODD-4-4-205, + author = "Mark Sanderson and C. J. van Rijsbergen", + title = "{NRT}: news retrieval tool", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "4", + pages = "205--217", + month = dec, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The amounts of information that mankind produces are + vast, running into billions of documents. Traditional + ways of holding this information have become + impracticable and so methods of storage are being + switched from paper and microfiche to magnetic and + optical disks. In the last thirty years, as more + information has been put onto computers, work has gone + into using the computer to get away from the + restrictiveness of manual indexing and move towards a + more flexible system of information acquisition. Many + companies offer (for a price) the opportunity to access + the information stored on their systems. Unfortunately, + most of these companies use software that was developed + in the sixties when the field of information retrieval + (IR) was still very young. This means that the services + they offer are rather primitive. The {\em Financial + Times'\/} IR service, Profile is typical of such + commercial systems. It has been the aim of the NRT + project to investigate ways of incorporating into + Profile the new ideas in IR, that have occurred in the + last ten to fifteen years.", + keywords = "Weighted key term information retrieval, Relevance + feedback, Wide area networks, User interfaces", +} + +@Article{Agosti:EPODD-4-4-219, + author = "M. Agosti and R. Colotti and G. Gradenigo", + title = "Issues of data modelling in information retrieval", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "4", + number = "4", + pages = "219--237", + month = dec, + year = "1991", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper addresses the problem of data modelling in + information retrieval. The study introduces various + aspects and issues that are necessarily taken into + account when designing and developing an information + retrieval system. Particular attention is paid to the + representation of the different types of data managed + by an information retrieval application: structured and + unstructured data. A recently introduced information + retrieval, data modelling approach supports the notion + of a schema permitting representation of the + information retrieval data on two different levels: + intensional and extensional. The characteristics of + this data modelling approach are presented here + together with examples of its use in a working + prototype.", + keywords = "Data modelling in information retrieval, Data + representation by content, Text representation by + content, Information retrieval model, Information + retrieval conceptual architecture", +} + +@Article{Salton:EPODD-5-1-1, + author = "Gerard Salton and Chris Buckley and James Allan", + title = "Automatic structuring of text files", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "1", + pages = "1--17", + month = mar, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In many practical information retrieval situations, it + is necessary to process heterogeneous text databases + that vary greatly in scope and coverage, and deal with + many different subjects. In such an environment it is + important to provide flexible access to individual text + pieces, and to structure the collection so that related + text elements are identified and appropriately linked. + Methods are described in this study for the automatic + structuring of heterogeneous text collections, and the + construction of browsing tools and access procedures + that facilitate collection use. The proposed methods + are illustrated by performing searches with a large + automated encyclopedia.", + keywords = "Text structuring, Text retrieval, Automatic indexing, + Automatic text analysis, Automatic text linking, + Automatic hypertext construction", +} + +@Article{Furuta:EPODD-5-1-19, + author = "Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Important papers in the history of document + preparation systems: basic sources", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "1", + pages = "19--44", + month = mar, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This report provides a narrative description of + influential papers that discuss computer-based document + preparation systems. The report's focus is on the + systems actually used to prepare documents---editors + and formatters, and the goal is to provide an + introduction to the papers that have been influential + on the community of researchers who investigate such + systems.", + keywords = "Document preparation, Text processing, Document + manipulation, Formatting", +} + +@Article{Rahtz:EPODD-5-1-45, + author = "Sebastian Rahtz", + title = "Book Review: {Philip Crookes, {\em Ventura + Publisher}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "1", + pages = "45--46", + month = mar, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 09:16:22 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Weir:EPODD-5-1-47, + author = "Thomas E. {Weir, Jr.}", + title = "Book Review: {A. Rizk, N. Streitz, and J. Andr{\'e}, + editors, {\em First European Conference on + Hypertext}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "1", + pages = "47--48", + month = mar, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 09:16:20 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Pickering:EPODD-5-1-49, + author = "Adrian Pickering", + title = "Book Review: {David Collier, {\em Collier's Rules for + Desktop Design and Typography}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "1", + pages = "49--50", + month = mar, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 09:16:28 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Rahtz:EPODD-5-1-51, + author = "Sebastian Rahtz", + title = "Book Review: {Norbert Schwartz, {\em Introduction to + {\TeX}}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "1", + pages = "51--52", + month = mar, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 09:17:07 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Andre:EPODD-5-2-53, + author = "Jacques Andr{\'e}", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "53--54", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{McCleery:EPODD-5-2-55, + author = "Alistair McCleery", + title = "Teaching electronic publishing: a {Scottish} example", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "55--61", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper outlines the background to the introduction + of an electronic (non-print) publishing strand to an + undergraduate degree in publishing. The degree has + already successfully incorporated desktop publishing + throughout its editorial, production and marketing + strands. Desktop publishing had enabled fulfilment of a + primary educational aim of the course to integrate + theory and practice but challenges remain before the + commercial production of electronic (non-print) + publications can be undertaken by students with equal + facility.", + keywords = "Publishing, Teaching, Electronic publishing, Desktop + publishing, Non-print publishing, Simulation", +} + +@Article{Dyson:EPODD-5-2-63, + author = "Mary C. Dyson", + title = "The curriculum as hypertext", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "63--72", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In this paper the interdisciplinary nature of + electronic publishing is addressed by raising two + issues relating to the content and structure of an + electronic publishing course. The first is whether it + is possible to agree upon a generic curriculum, based + on a set of headings or topics, which may be treated + quite differently by those in different disciplines + (e.g., typographers, computer scientists). The second + related issue is whether it is appropriate to set down + a single structure which puts topics under specific + headings, given the interdisciplinary nature of the + subject. A course on the theory of electronic + publishing given to typography students is used as an + example of the type of material that might be covered + and how it may be structured. A HyperCard has been + developed alongside part of this course. The way in + which this subject fits in with the course in + Typography \& Graphic Communication as a whole is + briefly described. It is proposed that hypertext + systems go some way towards providing students with + alternative structures for organizing their knowledge + of electronic publishing. This platform could therefore + be used as the basis for a core curriculum from which + various material is developed and structures created.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Electronic publishing, Curriculum, Document + preparation, Information retrieval", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-5-2-73, + author = "P. J. Brown and R. E. Jones", + title = "Marking {EP} coursework using electronic + communication", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "73--78", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper discusses experience of getting students + undertaking EP coursework to submit their work + electronically. This has a surprising number of + advantages, beyond the obvious saving of paper, though + there are disadvantages too.", + keywords = "Assessment, Coursework, Electronic publishing, + Hypertext, Test harness, Virus", +} + +@Article{Andre:EPODD-5-2-79, + author = "Jacques Andr{\'e} and Roger D. Hersch", + title = "Teaching digital typography", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "79--89", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Digital typography is a very specialized field that + offers two widely different yet complementary aspects: + art and computer science. This paper presents Project + Didot, which is all about teaching digital typography. + While taking into account recent experience, the + authors explore some subjects that should be included + in a digital typography course and describe the various + trades it would be aimed at. This paper concentrates on + the computer science aspect and gives a basic + bibliography.", + keywords = "Digital typography, Curriculum, Tuition", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-5-2-91, + author = "H. Brown and I. A. Utting", + title = "Teaching electronic publishing to computer + scientists", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "91--96", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper discusses some of the issues involved in + teaching electronic publishing to undergraduates + specializing in computer science. It attempts to + identify the significant differences between a course + designed primarily for users and a course designed for + specialists who may also become future developers and + implementers.", + keywords = "Computer scientists, Electronic publishing, + Principles, Design", +} + +@Article{Hammersley:EPODD-5-2-97, + author = "P. Hammersley", + title = "{EP}-odds and ends: {A} Curriculum in Electronic + Publishing", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "2", + pages = "97--102", + month = jun, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Jan 6 18:24:46 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-5-3-103, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "3", + pages = "103--104", + month = sep, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Mar 23 17:18:10 1993", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Nicholas:EPODD-5-3-105, + author = "Charles K. Nicholas and Lawrence A. Welsch", + title = "On the interchangeability of {SGML} and {ODA}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "3", + pages = "105--130", + month = sep, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri May 20 16:54:15 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "SGML and ODA are international standards for the + markup and interchange of electronic documents. These + standards are incompatible, in the sense that in + general a document encoded using SGML cannot be used + directly in an ODA-based system, and vice versa. We + first describe these two standards, and suggest + criteria under which a bridge between the two standards + could be evaluated. We then evaluate the Office + Document Language (ODL), an SGML application + specifically designed for ODA documents, with respect + to these criteria. We describe conditions under which + reliable automatic translation between SGML and ODA can + be achieved, and describe a translation program that + converts SGML documents to ODA and back.", + keywords = "SGML, ODA, ODL, Document interchange", +} + +@Article{Pozzi:EPODD-5-3-131, + author = "Silvano Pozzi and Augusto Celentano and Luisa + Salemme", + title = "{ALIVE}: {A} distributed live-link documentation + system", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "3", + pages = "131--142", + month = sep, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Mar 23 17:18:10 1993", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents the {\bf ALIVE} project, which has + been developed at Italtel to provide the means for + automatic management of technical documentation. The + main goal of {\bf ALIVE} is to enable the user of a + technical publishing system to establish live-links + with data stored on remote databases. Live-links allow + for automatic update of a document with database + contents: whenever a modification occurs in the + database data referenced from the document text, the + document is updated accordingly. The {\bf ALIVE} user + interface has been implemented by exploiting the + functionality offered by the Interleaf\registered{} + technical publishing environment, providing the user + with a fully integrated environment. It allows the user + to browse through a description of the available + databases and to formulate queries related to data + stored in them by means of a menu-based interface. By + enriching technical publishing features with data + consistency controls in a uniform way, {\bf ALIVE} + moves towards the integrated desktop concept.", + keywords = "Desktop publishing, Hypertext links, Relational + databases, Network communication, User-friendly + interface", +} + +@Article{Heeman:EPODD-5-3-143, + author = "Frans C. Heeman", + title = "Granularity in Structured Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "3", + pages = "143--155", + month = sep, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Mar 23 17:18:10 1993", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Structured documents have become a widely accepted + concept for document manipulation applications like + editing, formatting, and archiving. However, some + aspects of structured documents are still not well + understood. In particular, the transition in structured + documents from logical structure to contents, is a grey + area in which different systems use different + interpretations. In this article, we discuss this {\em + granularity\/} aspect of structured documents. We focus + on the underlying concepts of structured documents + without referring to any application, so that this + discussion is kept clear from aspects that are not + related to structured documents.", + keywords = "Structured documents, Granularity, Generic logical + structure, Grif, ODA, SGML", +} + +@Article{Barron:EPODD-5-3-157, + author = "David W. Barron", + title = "Book Review: {Joan M. Smith and Robert Stutely, {\em + {SGML}: the user's guide to {ISO} 8879}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "3", + pages = "157", + month = sep, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 09:17:13 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-5-4-161, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "4", + pages = "161--162", + month = dec, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Jun 15 11:33:37 1993", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Srouji:EPODD-5-4-163, + author = "Johny Srouji and Daniel Berry", + title = "{Arabic} formatting with {\tt ditroff/ffortid}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "4", + pages = "163--208", + month = dec, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Jan 06 18:25:34 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper describes an Arabic formatting system that + is able for format multilingual scientific documents, + containing text in Arabic or Persian, as well as other + languages, plus pictures, graphs, formulae, tables, + bibliographical citations, and bibliographies. The + system is an extension of {\tt ditroff/ffortid} that is + already capable of handling Hebrew in the context of + multilingual scientific documents. {\tt + ditroff/ffortid} itself is a collection of pre- and + postprocessors for the UNIX {\tt ditroff} (Device + Independent Typesetter RunOFF) formatter. The new + system is built without changing {\tt ditroff} itself. + The extension consists of a new preprocessor, fonts, + and a modified existing postprocessor. The preprocessor + transliterates from a phonetic rendition of Arabic + using only the two cases of the Latin alphabet. The + preprocessor assigns a position, stand-alone, + connected-previous, connected-after, or connected-both, + to each letter. It recognizes ligatures and assigns + vertical positions from a standard Arabic keyboard + using the standard ASMO encoding. In any case, the + output has each positioned letter or ligature and each + diacritical mark encoded according to the font's + encoding scheme. The fonts are assumed to be designed + to connect letters that should be connected when they + are printed adjacent to each other. The postprocessor + is an enhancement of the {\tt ffortid} program that + arranges for right-to-left printing of identified + right-to-left fonts. The major enhancement is + stretching final letters of lines or words instead of + inserting extra inter-word spaces, in order to justify + the text. As a self-test, this paper was formatted + using the described system, and it contains many + examples of text written in Arabic, Hebrew, and + English.", + keywords = "Arabic, Bidirectional, Formatting, Multi-lingual, + Troff", +} + +@Article{Cole:EPODD-5-4-209, + author = "Fred Cole and Heather Brown", + title = "{EP}-odds and ends: Editing structured + documents\emdash problems and solutions", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "5", + number = "4", + pages = "209--216", + month = dec, + year = "1992", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat May 11 10:16:31 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Creating structured documents---where every document + element belongs to a class---has many well-known + advantages. Using generic document styles to define and + constrain the hierarchical relationships between the + different classes of element also has many advantages, + but causes significant problems in interactive editing. + The recent {\bf EP-odd} paper on Rita + \cite{Cowan:EPODD-4-3-125} provided new insights into + the possibilities and problems of editing structured + documents. This `EP-odds~and~ends' sketches some + additional problems and suggests alternative solutions + based on the idea of {\bf fall-back classes}.", + keywords = "Structured documents, Editing, Document classes", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-6-1-1, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "1", + pages = "1--2", + month = mar, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Mandel:EPODD-6-1-3, + author = "Ladislas Mandel", + title = "Developing an awareness of typographics letterforms", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "1", + pages = "3--22", + month = mar, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper examines the r{\^o}le of letterforms as a + means of communication, starting with hand-set metal + type and mechanical typesetting in hot metal. + Present-day techniques of phototypesetting, and of + digital typesetting, via cathode-ray tube and laser + machines, are also discussed. Careful attention is paid + to the cultural impact of these techniques, with + particular reference to traditional French typefaces + which often have small x-height and very thin hairlines + (which can disappear at small point sizes). Reference + is also made to the impact of each of these modern + typesetting methods on both `informational' and + `cultural' texts. A strong argument is presented that a + nation's typefaces encapsulate its national spirit and + its culture. For this reason, it is regrettable that + the advent of laser-driven imaging devices has brought + with it an `anglicization' of many fonts, via an + increase in x-height, and a reluctance to countenance a + non-linear variation of letterforms and set-width with + point size \emdash{} a characteristic so crucial to the + readability of classic texts. A plea is made for the + rapidly developing computer technology to be deployed + in the interests of {\em quality\/} as well as {\em + quantity}. Modern techniques have all the advantages of + photographic sharpness but this must be harnessed to + the traditional subtleties of the original typeface + design if the intentions, and the cultural identity, of + the typeface designer are to be truly respected.", + keywords = "Typographic `writing', Functions, Technique, + Visibility, Legibility, Cultural identity", +} + +@Article{Lamb:EPODD-6-1-23, + author = "David Alex Lamb and Margaret Anne Lamb", + title = "Separation of concerns for indexing", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "1", + pages = "23--34", + month = mar, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Separation of concerns is a fundamental principle for + managing conplex tasks. Previous tools for assisting in + generating back-of-the-book indexes do not apply this + principle as thoroughly as they might; in particular, + most confuse two issues: recording where references + occur in the main text, and deciding what terms should + appear in the index. This paper describes a general + facility for multi-level indexes that embodies this + principle, usable in any document formatter that can + produce a secondary output file recording page numbers + where references occur. {\LaTeX}, {\bf Scribe}, and + {\bf nroff}/{\bf troff} fall in this category.", + keywords = "Document preparation, Indexes", +} + +@Article{Schnase:EPODD-6-1-35, + author = "John L. Schnase and John J. Leggett and David L. Hicks + and Peter J. Nuernberg and J. Alfredo S{\'a}nchez", + title = "Design and Implementation of the {HB1} hyperbase + management system", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "1", + pages = "35--63", + month = mar, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Hypermedia systems manage interconnected information + residing within a potentially wide range of data types, + including text, graphics, animations, and digitized + sound and images. Effective database support for + hypermedia-based computing environments is essential. + In order to be effective, this support must provide a + variety of capabilities that are not offered by the + current generation of database management systems. We + report on a prototypic system called HB1 that has been + designed to meet the storage needs of advanced + hypermedia system architectures. HB1 is referred to as + a hyperbase management system (HBMS) because it stores + and manipulates information and the connectivity data + that link information together to form hypermedia. HB1 + is composed of three subsystems: the Object Manager + (OM), Association Set Manager (ASM), and Storage + Manager (SM). OM and ASM are both server processes + accessible to distributed client processes via IPC + interfaces. OM is an object server. ASM manages + structural data applicable to the objects within OM's + repository that are involved in hypermedia connections. + Physical storage is managed by SM which, in this + implementation, is a semantic network database + management system. HB1 instantiates a conceptual model + of hypermedia that is distinctly computational, has a + strong notion of anchor and link, and abstracts + information, behavior, and structure from hypermedia. + It has been used as a back-end for an open, + object-based hypermedia system that implements + distributed, inter-application linking. HB1 is proving + to be an effective vehicle for research on HBMS + organization.", + keywords = "Hyperbase management system, Hypermedia, Hypertext, + Open hypermedia system, Architecture, Inter-application + linking, Semantic object-oriented database management + system", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-6-2-65, + author = "David F. Brailsford and Richard K. Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "2", + pages = "65--66", + month = jun, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Park:EPODD-6-2-67, + author = "Seung Woon Park and Seung Ryoul Maeng", + title = "Structure extraction and automatic hinting of + {Chinese} outline characters", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "2", + pages = "67--91", + month = jun, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In spite of a worldwide trend towards the use of + outline fonts for displays and for printing devices, + they are still not very common in the east Asian + countries where Chinese characters are used. The reason + for this is that the complex, structured shapes of + Chinese characters take a long time to design and + develop. Several systems have proposed automatic + generation of outline fonts from the original master + fonts. These systems have the serious problem of + quality degradation when rasterizing the font at small + point sizes, because they do not incorporate a hinting + mechanism to adjust the outlines under these + circumstances. In this paper, we present an + experimental study on a hinting mechanism specially + designed for Chinese-style characters. We propose a + scheme which automatically generates the hinted outline + data from the plain outline fonts. We have implemented + and experimented with four sets of Korean Myungjo + (Ming) and Gothic style fonts, and have obtained good + results with respect to font quality and development + time.", + keywords = "Automatic hinting, Font rasterization, Outline font, + Chinese character", +} + +@Article{Nicholas:EPODD-6-2-93, + author = "Charles K. Nicholas and Linda H. Rosenberg", + title = "{Canto}: a hypertext data model", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "2", + pages = "93--113", + month = jun, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Jan 06 18:27:18 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The Canto hypertext data model is characterized by a + hierarchical schema mechanism that allows a + predetermined, open-ended schema to be embedded in the + hyperdocument. Canto uses two types of nodes: concept + nodes, which provide organizational structure, and + information nodes, which contain text and other data. + The operations provided by the Canto Data Model are + defined formally using the Z specification language. + The Canto Schema Language gives the hypertext designer + access to these operations. We show that a hypertext + system developed with Canto was easier to use than an + otherwise similar system that did not employ a schema + mechanism. Several applications have been developed + using Canto. One such application, which we describe in + more detail, involves the use of Canto to teach + students the skill of program reading.", + keywords = "Hypertext data model, Hypertext schema, Hypertext + testing, Z specification", +} + +@Article{Andre:EPODD-6-3-115, + author = "Jacques Andr{\'e} and Jakob Gonczarowski and Richard + Southall", + title = "Editorial: Special issue: {Proceedings of the Raster + Imaging and Digital Typography Conference}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "115--116", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This issue of {\em Electronic Publishing\/} contains + the papers presented during the third Raster Imaging + and Digital Typography conference, held at Darmstadt, + Germany, from 11 to 13 April 1994. Earlier conferences + in the series took place in 1989 at Lausanne, + Switzerland (organized by Roger D. Hersch, EPFL) and in + 1991 at Boston, Massachussets (organized by Robert A. + Morris, University of Massachussets at Boston). The + corresponding proceedings are published by Cambridge + University Press (see below). Digital typography is a + relatively new field: the first commercial + cathode-ray-tube photo\-composing machine appeared in + 1966. Since that time, the field has been growing very + fast, and is still active. During the RIDT'89 + conference, emphasis was laid on the rasterisation of + outline characters and on rendering techniques. RIDT'91 + concentrated more on digital halftoning and on + greyscale characters. However, both of these + conferences bore in mind that beyond the mathematics of + shapes and their rendering, printing types exist with + their own aesthetic rules. That is why the + presentations were made by a mix of technologists, + scientists and designers. The RIDT'94 programme + committee tried to attract a similar mix of papers when + this conference was launched. As expected, the fields + have moved on since the last conference, but we hope + that the selected papers adequately exhibit the present + state of the art in raster imaging and digital + typography. In the recent past, formal research in + digital typography has dealt with graphical algorithms, + such as the rendering of outline characters and the + generation of outline characters from bit-mapped + drawings, to name but two. Present research focuses on + models and methods for concise but precise font + description and modelling. That trend began in industry + with font interpolation programs and font systems such + as Adobe Systems' Multiple Master technology. This + research definitively belongs to computer science, with + keywords such as {\em object orientation}, {\em regular + expressions}, {\em string matching\/} and {\em shape + parameterization}. A look at related fields, such as + computer-aided design, shows that there still remains + plenty of mathematical research to be done in digital + typography. Mathematics is already used in CAD to + express aesthetic criteria, both at the local + (individual curves/surfaces) and the global level, for + ensuring overall appearance and design consistency. + \ldots{}.", +} + +@Article{McQueen:EPODD-6-3-117, + author = "Clyde D. {McQueen III} and Raymond G. Beausoleil", + title = "{Infinifont}: a parametric font generation system", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "117--132", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We have developed a high-performance parametric font + generation system for the creation and commercial + supply of digital fonts, and in particular, for + generating a wide variety of digital typefaces using a + single compact representation of typographic knowledge + and characteristics. Typographic feature detail can be + added or removed, depending on the application. The + system does not rely on master outlines for + interpolation between or extrapolation from static + typefaces. Our current implementation of this + technology generates 50 Latin text characters per + second on a 25-MHz 80386 platform without the use of a + mathematics coprocessor.", + keywords = "Infinifont, Parametric, Font generation system", +} + +@Article{Durst:EPODD-6-3-133, + author = "Martin J. D{\"u}rst", + title = "Coordinate-independent font description using {Kanji} + as an example", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "133--143", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Abstract, font-independent character descriptions are + important for a systematic approach to automated and + semi-automated font design. This is particularly so for + large character sets such as Kanji. The paper defines a + completely coordinate-independent notation for Kanji, + which contains all the necessary information to produce + legible character sketches.", + keywords = "Abstract character description, Coordinate-independent + font, Large fonts, Kanji, Prolog", +} + +@Article{Haralambous:EPODD-6-3-145, + author = "Yannis Haralambous", + title = "Parametrization of {PostScript} fonts through + {\MF}\emdash an alternative to {Adobe Multiple Master + Fonts}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "145--157", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Jan 12 08:17:44 1999", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In this paper we present a new method of parametrizing + PostScript fonts in order to create font families. By + changing parameter values one can obtain different + weights, condensed or expanded versions, small caps as + well as optically scaled fonts. The tool used to + parametrize PostScript fonts is D.~E. Knuth's {\MF} + program. Instead of designing a font from scratch, + {\MF} is used as an extrapolator of existing PostScript + fonts: out of the information contained in them we + build a meta-font; for every choice of parameter + values, special versions of {\MF} allow us to return to + PostScript and produce a new PostScript font.", + keywords = "Font design, PostScript, {\MF}", +} + +@Article{Stamm:EPODD-6-3-159, + author = "Beat Stamm", + title = "Object-orientation and extensibility in a + font-scaler", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "159--170", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Today's font-scalers generate screenfonts with + acceptable quality on-the-fly from a generic font + representation. However, as closed systems they + discourage the integration of separate solutions to + different aspects of font-scaling. This paper + illustrates an {\em object-oriented approach\/} that + allows for both {\em contour and rendering + independence}. Refined solutions can be packaged + separately into intelligent contour and rendering + objects. The approach results in a {\em small and + efficient font-scaling system\/} that masters + complexity by concept rather than industriousness.", + keywords = "Font representation, Medium and low-resolution + font-scaling, Object-orientation, Contour and rendering + independence", +} + +@Article{Hussain:EPODD-6-3-171, + author = "Fiaz Hussain and Michael L. V. Pitteway", + title = "Rasterizing the outlines of fonts", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "171--181", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Two mathematical descriptions of outlines which have + found acceptability and widespread usage are the + B{\'e}zier cubic and the general conic forms (which + include the distinctive parabolic format). Though there + are good reasons for employing just the general conic, + PostScript characterises fonts in terms of splines + based on four-point B{\'e}zier cubics. In order to + improve the efficiency with which these PostScript + fonts can be rendered, the equation of the B{\'e}zier + cubic is here reduced to the non-parametric form + required to exploit an efficient cubic tracking + algorithm first presented in 1968. Although successful + in most cases, the occasional breakdowns are both + spectacular and disastrous. The cause of the problem is + analysed, and possible solutions suggested.", + keywords = "Algorithm, B\'ezier, Conic, Fonts, Rasterize, Spline", +} + +@Article{Klassen:EPODD-6-3-183, + author = "R. Victor Klassen", + title = "Variable width splines: a possible font + representation?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "183--194", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Many fonts derive from stroke-based ancestry. Pressure + applied to the pen or brush provided some variation in + the stroke width, which defined a region on each side + of a centreline. A simple representation of fonts as + variable width strokes is presented in this paper. + Advantages include a good first step toward typographic + scaling (stroke width scales independently of overall + scale factor), and preservation of topology at low + resolutions (minimum stroke width can be enforced). A + chief disadvantage is the lack of experience designing + fonts in this paradigm, or building routines to convert + from other paradigms.", + keywords = "Strokes, Scaling, Typography, Offset curves, Variable + width splines", +} + +@Article{Itoh:EPODD-6-3-195, + author = "Koichi Itoh and Yoshio Ohno", + title = "A curve fitting algorithm for character fonts", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "195", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents an algorithm that automatically + generates outline fonts from a grey-level image of a + character obtained by a scanner. Our algorithm begins + by extracting contour points from the image and + dividing the points into a number of segments at the + corner points. The next step is fitting a piecewise + cubic B\'ezier curve to each segment. To fit cubic + B\'ezier curves to segments, we use least-squares + fitting, without fixing the end points of the curves. + We locate the end points by computing the intersection + of the adjoining curves. This algorithm greatly + improves the shape of the corner of the outline + fonts.", + keywords = "Curve fitting algorithm, Grey-level characters, Kanji + characters", +} + +@Article{Scheermesser:EPODD-6-3-207, + author = "Thomas Scheermesser and Olof Bryngdahl", + title = "Digital Halftoning with texture control", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "207--212", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Depending on the characteristics of the output device + and the specific application, various expectations from + halftoned images exist. Good reproduction of average + grey values is usually demanded from images intended + for visual perception. Because textures can drastically + influence the appearance of a binary image, it is + desirable to control their occurrence. In this paper we + present a spectral approach to this problem, and an + algorithm which is able to control the occurrence of + specific textures as well as ensuring good + continuous-tone reproduction.", + keywords = "Halftoning, Texture, Fourier spectrum", +} + +@Article{Zeggel:EPODD-6-3-213, + author = "Thomas Zeggel and Olof Bryngdahl", + title = "Error diffusion on an adaptive raster", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "213--218", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The principles of a new halftoning algorithm are + presented. The idea is to use error diffusion not on a + fixed raster, but to adapt the raster to the properties + of the original continuous-tone image, e.g., the local + intensity. Examples show the advantages of this + approach.", + keywords = "Halftoning, Error diffusion", +} + +@Article{Stamm:EPODD-6-3-219, + author = "Beat Stamm", + title = "Dynamic regularisation of intelligent outline fonts", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "219--230", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper introduces a novel way to perform dynamic + regularisation of outline fonts. In the proposed font + representation, the characters are decomposed into the + components {\em glyph}, {\em contour}, {\em knot}, and + {\em number}. These components are scaled and mostly + {\em rounded before they are assembled}. Together with + {\em adroitly-defined B\'{e}zier curves}, this implies + regularisation of the outlines without explicit + grid-fitting, instructions, or hints. As a result, a + single font representation permits font-scaling at + increasing levels of detail, along with increasing type + size and resolution.", + keywords = "Font representation, Dynamic regularisation, Medium + and low-resolution font-scaling", +} + +@Article{Dyson:EPODD-6-3-231, + author = "Mary C. Dyson", + title = "Improving discrimination of symbols for display at low + resolution", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "231--239", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This research draws attention to the fact that the + issues involved in rendering characters on screen at + low resolution are as relevant to symbols or icons as + they are to letterforms. The results of research aimed + at improving the perceptibility of letterforms on + screen are used to develop a set of modifications that + can be applied to symbols that have been scanned from + an original design on paper. These modifications are + implemented in two stages: rule-based modifications, + followed by individual pixel editing. The effectiveness + of these modifications in improving the + discriminability of symbols varying in graphic + complexity is evaluated by a perceptual experiment + which compares the unmodified versions with the two + modified versions. Subjective judgements of each of the + versions are also obtained. The results suggest that + these modifications can improve the discrimination of + symbols on screen. However, the graphic complexity of + symbols affects the type and extent of modifications + that can be made. This factor must therefore be + considered in any development of automatic instructions + for the rendering of symbols at low resolution.", + keywords = "Symbols, Perception, Screen, Hinting", +} + +@Article{DeLange:EPODD-6-3-241, + author = "Rudi W. De Lange and Hendry L. Esterhuizen and Derek + Beatty", + title = "Performance differences between {Times} and + {Helvetica} in a reading task", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "241--248", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Jan 06 18:28:52 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Typographers and printers often regard seriffed or + roman typefaces as more legible and appropriate for + reading material than typefaces without serifs. Authors + contend that readers prefer roman above sans serif, + that it is read faster, and that the comprehension rate + is possibly higher when text is set in a roman + typeface. The absence of satisfactory empirical data to + prove these assumptions, and the importance of + legibility in academic reading material, motivated this + study. The aim of the study was to determine the + comparative legibility of sans serif and roman + typefaces. Four hundred and fifty primary school + subjects from nine different schools were used in a + control group pre-test, post-test research design where + four different experiments were completed. Romans and + sans serifs were found to be equally legible, as no + significant statistical difference was found between + the reading speed, scanning speed, accuracy and + comprehension at the 0.05 level. These results are in + contrast to the assumption that romans are more legible + than sans serifs. They can be interpreted as promising + for graphic designers and typographers, as it appears + that legibility will not necessarily be sacrificed when + certain reading material is set in a sans serif + typeface.", + keywords = "Legibility, Sans serif typeface, Roman typeface, + Reading task, Times Roman, Helvetica", +} + +@Article{Zramdini:EPODD-6-3-249, + author = "Abdel Wahab Zramdini and Rolf Ingold", + title = "Optical font recognition from projection profiles", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "249--260", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents a statistical approach for font + attribute recognition based on features extracted from + projection profiles of text lines and using a Bayesian + classifier. The presented features allow the + discrimination of the font weight, slope and size.", + keywords = "Font recognition, Projection profiles, Discrimination + power, Bayesian classifier", +} + +@Article{Herz:EPODD-6-3-261, + author = "Jacky Herz and Roger D. Hersch", + title = "Analysing character shapes by string matching + techniques", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "261--272", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Preliminary attempts at automatic analysis and + synthesis of typographic shapes are described. String + matching techniques are used to recover implicit + relationships between character parts. A knowledge base + describing local character shape parts is created and + is used in order to propagate local shape modifications + across different characters.", + keywords = "Digital typography, Shape analysis, String matching, + Shape similarities, Implicit design intentions", +} + +@Article{Sennhauser:EPODD-6-3-273, + author = "Ren{\'e} Sennhauser", + title = "Improving the recognition accuracy of text recognition + systems using typographical constraints", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "273--282", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Feb 24 08:59:27 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Spelling correction techniques can be used to improve + the recognition accuracy of text recognition systems. + In this paper a new spelling-error model is proposed + that is especially suited to the correction of + recognition errors occurring during the recognition of + printed documents. An implementation of this model is + described that exploits typographical constraints + derived from character shapes. In particular, the fact + is used that vertical strokes in character images are + seldom misrecognised. Experimental results show: (1) + that the sizes of candidate word sets are substantially + reduced; and (2) that the probability that the wrong + candidate word is chosen is reduced by an average + factor of approximately 2 when compared to spelling + correction techniques without the use of typographical + constraints.", + keywords = "Text recognition, Recognition accuracy, Spelling + correction, Typographical constraints, Stem matching, + Typographical distance measure", +} + +@Article{Zapf:EPODD-6-3-283, + author = "Hermann Zapf", + title = "About micro-typography and the {\em hz\/}-program", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "283--288", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Desktop publishing has changed the production of books + in recent years. For the first time the author has the + possibility of preparing and influencing the design of + his text. A publisher will not always be happy about + this, especially if the author does not want to follow + the strict rules of the publishing house which it may + have \ldots{}.", + keywords = "Micro-typography, {\em hz\/}-program", +} + +@Article{Bigelow:EPODD-6-3-289, + author = "Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes", + title = "The design of a {Unicode} font", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "289--305", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The international scope of computing, digital + information interchange, and electronic publishing has + created a need for world-wide character encoding + standards. Unicode is a comprehensive standard designed + to meet such a need. To be readable by humans, + character codes require fonts that provide visual + images\,---\,glyphs\,---\,corresponding to the codes. + The design of a font developed to provide a portion of + the Unicode standard is described and discussed.", + keywords = "Unicode, International character standard, Type + design, Lucida", +} + +@Article{Andre:EPODD-6-3-307, + author = "Jacques Andr{\'e} and Richard Southall", + title = "Colophon", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "3", + pages = "307--308", + month = sep, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Aug 26 09:57:08 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Quint:EPODD-6-4-313, + author = "Vincent Quint and Christoph H{\"u}ser and Wiebke + M{\"o}hr", + title = "Editorial: Special issue: {Proceedings of EP'94, the + Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation, and + Typography Conference}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "313--314", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Jun 7 18:36:23 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Groves:EPODD-6-4-315, + author = "Michael J. Groves and David F. Brailsford", + title = "Separate compilation of structured documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "315--326", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper draws a parallel between document + preparation and the traditional processes of + compilation and link editing for computer programs. A + block-based document model is described which allows + for separate compilation of various portions of a + document. These portions are brought together and + merged by a linker program, called {\tt dlink}, whose + pilot implementation is based on {\tt ditroff} and on + its underlying intermediate code. In the light of + experiences with {\tt dlink} the requirements for a + universal `object-module language' for documents are + discussed. These requirements often resemble the + characteristics of the intermediate codes used by + programming-language compilers but with interesting + extra constraints which arise from the way documents + are `executed'.", + keywords = "Link editing, Separate compilation, Structured + documents, Formatting, Troff, PDF", +} + +@Article{Roisin:EPODD-6-4-327, + author = "C{\'e}cile Roisin and Ir{\`e}ne Vatton", + title = "Merging logical and physical structures in documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "327--337", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Although it is well established that structured + documents and generic models bring benefits to + applications involving documents, integrating these + document models in the formatting process of + interactive editors is still an open problem. In this + paper, the problem of laying out and formatting + structured documents is investigated, taking into + account the DSSSL standard. One key point of this model + is the possibility of expressing the logical structure + of documents independently from their graphical aspect. + However, this approach induces a more complex + formatting process, as two independent structures have + to be merged. This discussion is illustrated by our + experience of dynamic formatting in the Grif editor.", + keywords = "Structured documents, Interactive editing, Formatting + process", +} + +@Article{Levy:EPODD-6-4-339, + author = "David M. Levy", + title = "Document reuse and document systems", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "339--348", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "While reuse is currently the focus of much attention + in the programming language community, it is also a + central, but less noticed, issue in the creation and + use of documents, and therefore in the design of + document systems. To a great extent, the work of + producing new documents, and new versions of old + documents, involves reusing pieces of previously + existing documents, where reuse involves finding the + relevant material, modifying it as needed, and + stitching the pieces together. The objective of this + paper is to demonstrate how a focus on reuse can shed + light on current efforts to build structured document + systems and to design and use standards, such as SGML, + ODA, and OLE, that address structured and compound + documents.", + keywords = "Reuse, Structured documents, Compound documents, + Document standards, ODA, SGML, OLE", +} + +@Article{Morris:EPODD-6-4-349, + author = "Robert A. Morris and Edward M. Blachman and Charles + Meyer", + title = "A constraint-based editor for linguistic scholars", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "349--360", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "A constraint-based interactive structure editor for + use by linguists is described. Multiple, inter-related + constraint sets are supported. A novel search mechanism + is introduced which modifies itself locally dependent + on document structure as the search progresses.", + keywords = "Constraint-based, Corpus linguistics, Markup, SGML, + ICE, Text Encoding Initiative", +} + +@Article{Feng:EPODD-6-4-361, + author = "An Feng and Toshiro Wakayama", + title = "{SIMON}: {A} grammar-based transformation system for + structured documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "361--372", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "SIMON is a grammar-based transformation system for + restructuring documents. Its target applications + include meta-level specification of document assembly, + view definition and retrieval for multiview documents, + and document type evolution. The internal document + model is based on attribute grammars, and it interfaces + with external document models such as SGML through + input and output conversion. The transformation engine + of SIMON is an amalgamation of syntax-directed + computation and content-oriented computation: the + former is through higher-order (and related) extensions + of attribute grammars whereas the latter is done by + externally defined programs and it is for computation + not naturally amenable to the syntax-directed paradigm. + The current implementation of SIMON employs the + higher-order extension proposed in \cite{Vogt-89} for + the syntax-directed computation, and C++ for the + content-oriented computation.", + keywords = "Structured documents, Document transformation, + Document type evolution, Document assembly, Multiview + documents, Attribute grammars", +} + +@Article{Kuikka:EPODD-6-4-373, + author = "Eila Kuikka and Martti Penttonen", + title = "Transformation of structured documents with the use of + grammar", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "373--383", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In structured text processing systems the need for + transformation of document instances is obvious if the + structure definition of the document type changes. This + article presents a transformation method with the use + of an extended syntax-directed translation schema and + its implementation to certain modifications in a + syntax-directed document processing system created by + the authors. The method uses grammars to define both + the structure of documents and transformation between + structures.", + keywords = "Type transformations, Structured documents, + Syntax-directed translation schema", +} + +@Article{Arnon:EPODD-6-4-385, + author = "Dennis S. Arnon", + title = "{Scrimshaw}: {A} language for document queries and + transformations", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "385--396", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We present a new language for tree pattern matching + and transformation called Scrimshaw. It extends to + trees the familiar notions of regular expressions, + pattern matching, and pattern replacement for strings. + As we show by examples, it serves well as both a + structured document query language and as a language + for expressing document transformations. Scrimshaw has + been implemented in a C-like language and is in ongoing + use.", + keywords = "Tree pattern matching, Document query languages, + Document conversion, SGML", +} + +@Article{Erfle:EPODD-6-4-397, + author = "Robert Erfle", + title = "Specification of temporal constraints in multimedia + documents using {HyTime}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "397--411", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Multimedia documents also include time dependent media + like audio and video. In contrast to traditional text + documents temporal constraints have to be determined + that tell a presentation application when and for how + long certain parts of the document have to be + presented. The paper shows how temporal constraints may + be specified with HyTime. An analysis of different + approaches covering the specification of temporal + constraints resulted in a catalogue of relevant issues. + They are explained in the context of an abstract + document model. Then it is shown how each issue may be + specified with HyTime introducing and explaining all + necessary constructs and principles. Several HyTime + encoded example scenarios illustrate the actual usage + of HyTime building blocks.", + keywords = "Multimedia, Structured documents, HyTime, SGML, MHEG", +} + +@Article{Sullow:EPODD-6-4-413, + author = "Klaus S{\"u}llow and Ingrid Gabel-Becker and Marlies + Ockenfeld and Wolfgang Putz and Gisela Roth", + title = "{MultiMedia Forum}: an interactive online journal", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "413--422", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The MultiMedia Forum (MMF) is an all digital journal + supporting the information types text, image, audio, + and video. All editing and reading of the MMF is taking + place via online access to a central database + containing SGML documents, which are connected by + hyperlinks enabling the creation of issues by + clustering information. The MMF is used as an in-house + journal at the Integrated Publication and Information + Systems Institute (IPSI) and thus serves as the basis + of a field experiment furnishing results based on + practical experience.", + keywords = "Online publishing, In-house journal, SGML, Multimedia + editing, Field test", +} + +@Article{Hayashi:EPODD-6-4-423, + author = "Koichi Hayashi and Akifumi Sekijima", + title = "Mediating interface between hypertext and structured + documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "423--434", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "In this paper we describe a unified document model for + an authoring system that takes advantage of both + hypertext and structured document models: hypertext, + which represents a document as a network of information + fragments freely referencing one another, helps users + create ideas; and structured document models, which + represent a document as a rigid tree structure of + document components, help users organize documents and + make layouts. Our document model comprises the + underlying structure and the surface: the underlying + structure is a network structure; and the surface is an + interface providing a view of the underlying structure. + The key features of our document model are: (1) the + surface defines tree structures as marked parts of the + underlying structure, and maintains consistency between + the network and tree structures; (2) the surface + monitors users' walks in the underlying network and + marks the trails to define tree structures; and (3) the + defined tree structures work as structured documents. + Nelumbo, a prototype system, integrates different types + of editors that handle features of hypertext and + structured documents. Users can choose any of the tools + at will, and editing with the tools affects the + underlying structure consistently.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Structured documents, Authoring system, + Writing process model, Document model, History tree, + Multi-level formatting", +} + +@Article{Belaid:EPODD-6-4-435, + author = "Abdel Bela{\"\i}d and Julian C. Anigbogu and Yannich + Chenevoy", + title = "Qualitative analysis of low-level logical structures", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "435--446", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents a qualitative approach to logical + structure recognition of library references. The system + is driven by a generic model of a reference class and + by an {\sc ocr} flow, given in {\sc sgml} format, that + include {\sc ascii} code of the characters and + information about the typographic style and the lexical + affiliation of words. The approach used is based on + hypotheses production and verification about the + existence of sub-field limits in the reference area. At + each step of the analysis, the generated hypotheses are + sorted on the basis of their confidence scores and the + most likely hypothesis is analyzed. The result is a + structured flow containing, in {\sc unimarc} format, + the list of different sub-fields recognized, + accompanied with their confidence score.", + keywords = "Document analysis, Low-level logical structure, + Qualitative analysis, ODA formalism, Library + reference", +} + +@Article{Fankhauser:EPODD-6-4-447, + author = "Peter Fankhauser and Yi Xu", + title = "{\em {MarkItUp}!\/} An incremental approach to + document structure recognition", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "447--456", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Aug 27 10:40:29 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents {\sl MarkItUp!}, a system to + recognize the structure of untagged electronic + documents which contain sub--documents with similar + format. For these kinds of documents manual structure + recognition is a highly repetitive task. On the other + hand, the specification of recognition grammars + requires significant intellectual effort. Our approach + uses manually structured examples to incrementally + generate recognition grammars by means of techniques + for learning by example. Users can structure example + portions of a document by inserting mark--ups. {\em + MarkItUp!\/} then abstracts and unifies the structure + of the examples. On this basis it tries to structure + another example with similar format. Users can correct + or accept the produced structure. With every accepted + example thereby a grammar is acquired and gradually + refined, which can be used to successfully structure + the other portions of the document.", + keywords = "Document structure recognition, Learning by example, + Structure unification, SGML", +} + +@Article{Hu:EPODD-6-4-457, + author = "Tao Hu and Rolf Ingold", + title = "A mixed approach toward an efficient logical structure + recognition from document images", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "457--468", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents our efforts to improve the + efficiency of a document structure analysis system, + which intends to analyse the complete logical structure + of a document. The usage of fuzzy logic improves the + system robustness; however, the problem of system + efficiency was revealed to be critical. Different + techniques have been studied to overcome this problem. + Dynamic programming, heuristics, and dynamic threshold + are used for parsing, which achieves a linear + complexity. A new concept of key step, based on the + principle of sub-goals, is incorporated with a + multi-pass and mixed top-down analysis strategy, which + avoids the combinatorial explosion of the number of + search paths. Finally, the paper shows that the + error-tolerating parser based on an analysis graph + seems more realistic and efficient than an + error-correcting parser.", + keywords = "Document structure analysis, Logical structure + recognition, System architecture, Fuzzy logic, Top-down + analysis, Analysis strategy, Dynamic programming, + Heuristics, Error-tolerating parser", +} + +@Article{Aberer:EPODD-6-4-469, + author = "Karl Aberer and Klemens B{\"o}hm and Christoph + H{\"u}ser", + title = "The prospects of publishing using advanced database + concepts", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "469--480", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Publishing is a distributed process which is + characterized by the cooperation of different experts. + The approach of the Integrated Publication and + Information Systems Institute (IPSI) in supporting + electronic publishing is to build an integrated + publication environment. The publication of electronic + documents demands enhanced support from publishing + tools and imposes new challenges on database + technology. Taking a hypermedia reference publication + as an example, requirements on database technology for + the production of electronic publications are + discussed. Those can be met by using an object-oriented + database management system like VODAK\@. We present an + efficient, flexible and application-independent + database application for structured document handling + (D-STREAT). Our focus is on dynamic Document Type + Definition management.", + keywords = "SGML, Object-oriented database systems, Structured + document storage, Document type definition handling", +} + +@Article{Smith:EPODD-6-4-481, + author = "Philip N. Smith and David F. Brailsford and David R. + Evans and Leon Harrison and Steve G. Probets and Peter + E. Sutton", + title = "Journal publishing with {Acrobat}: the {CAJUN} + project", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "481--493", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The publication of material in `electronic form' + should ideally preserve, in a unified document + representation, all of the richness of the printed + document while maintaining enough of its underlying + structure to enable searching and other forms of + semantic processing. Until recently it has been hard to + find a document representation which combined these + attributes and which also stood some chance of becoming + a {\em de facto\/} multi-platform standard. This paper + sets out experience gained within the Electronic + Publishing Research Group at the University of + Nottingham in using Adobe Acrobat software and its + underlying PDF (Portable Document Format) notation. The + CAJUN project began in 1993 and has used Acrobat + software to produce electronic versions of journal + papers for network and CD-ROM dissemination. The paper + describes the project's progress so far and also gives + a brief assessment of PDF's suitability as a universal + document interchange standard.", + keywords = "Acrobat, PostScript, CD-ROM, Networks, Archiving, + Automatic linking", +} + +@Article{Rostek:EPODD-6-4-495, + author = "Lothar Rostek and Wiebke M{\"o}hr and Dietrich H. + Fischer", + title = "Weaving a web: the structure and creation of an object + network representing an electronic reference work", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "495--505", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "For the improvement of large-scale electronic + publications, such as encyclopaedic reference works, we + propose an object-oriented document model that in + addition to the SGML-structured text corpus represents + other access structures, in particular a fine-grained, + highly structured, tightly interconnected network of + domain-specific objects and facts. The paper presents + strategies and tools for efficient acquisition of the + desired object network into an Editor's Workbench. The + application context is the {\it Dictionary of Art}, to + be published as a print edition by Macmillan Publishers + Ltd.\ in 1996.", + keywords = "Object-oriented document model, Hypermedia + publication, Knowledge acquisition, Object network", +} + +@Article{Filgueiras:EPODD-6-4-507, + author = "Miguel Filgueiras and Jos{\'e} Paulo Leal", + title = "Representation and manipulation of music documents in + {\SceX}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "507", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "We present the ideas underlying \SceX, a music + typesetting system that we are developing at the + University of Porto. The focus is on the languages used + for representing music documents and on the graphic + editor that provides a means for their preparation.", + keywords = "Music typesetting, Music symbolic notation, Music + graphic editors", +} + +@Article{Huser:EPODD-6-4-519, + author = "Christoph H{\"u}ser and Wiebke M{\"o}hr", + title = "Colophon", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "6", + number = "4", + pages = "519--520", + month = dec, + year = "1993", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Sat Jun 4 17:16:01 1994", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Furuta:EPODD-7-1-1, + author = "Richard K. Furuta and David F. Brailsford", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "1", + pages = "1--2", + month = mar, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Wonneberger:EPODD-7-1-3, + author = "Reinhard Wonneberger", + title = "{\TeX} in an industrial environment", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "1", + pages = "3--19", + month = mar, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "During its first decade, {\TeX} has been at home + mainly in the academic world. Therefore it comes as a + surprise to find that it has been spreading into + industry during the last few years, and we try to + outline some highlights of this development first. Then + criteria for an industrial environment application area + and reasons for using the structured document + processing approach are discussed. It is shown what + r{\^{o}}le {\TeX} can play in an integrated document + processing environment, and this r{\^{o}}le is + exemplified by a case study from application at EDS.", + keywords = "{\TeX}, {\LaTeX}, SGML, Computer services industry, + Structured document processing", +} + +@Article{Richy:EPODD-7-1-21, + author = "H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Richy", + title = "A hypertext electronic index based on the {Grif} + structured editor", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "1", + pages = "21--34", + month = mar, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This paper presents an electronic index service that + was developed in the Grif editor by taking advantage of + the hypertext facilities available in the system. Grif + is a structured document editor based on the generic + structure concept that supports both hierarchical + structures and non-hierarchical links. The active + cross-reference within the Grif index makes activation + and browsing through indexing more powerful than in + other systems: the index tables, helpful as a medium + for supporting search by keywords in paper documents, + support browsing in electronic documents. These indexes + are easy to use as they are displayed in the same form + as indexes in a paper document.", + keywords = "Grif, Hypertext, Index, Structured document", +} + +@Article{Hatzimanikatis:EPODD-7-1-35, + author = "A. Hatzimanikatis and I. Gaviotis and D. + Christodoulakis", + title = "{Distributed Documents}: an architecture for open + distributed hypertext", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "1", + pages = "35--48", + month = mar, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "A conceptual design for our architecture centered + around the entities of a hypermedia node, link, anchor + and document is initially presented. Each entity has a + well-defined interface so that the respective instances + can cooperate despite the number of different media + types. Virtual documents are created as views on other + documents borrowing from their content and customizing + their behavior during navigation and editing. The + system functionality is provided by hypertext document + objects, acting as providers of hypermedia services. + There are store and display services which are + accessible and consumable by the local and remote + clients spanning the operating systems and workstation + boundaries. Due to the object-based approach taken at + design and implementation, the incorporation of new + types of services (general and media specific) is + straightforward and integrates smoothly with the rest + of the system.", + keywords = "Hypermedia systems, Hypermedia services, Distributed + systems, Open architectures", +} + +@Article{Barron:EPODD-7-1-49, + author = "David W. Barron", + title = "Book Review: {Michael R. Gabriel, {\em A Guide to the + Literature of Electronic Publishing: CD-ROM, Desktop + Publishing, and Electronic Mail, Books and Journals}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "1", + pages = "49--49", + month = mar, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Pickering:EPODD-7-1-51, + author = "Adrian Pickering", + title = "Book Review: {Antoni Diller, {\em {\LaTeX} Line by + Line, Tips and Techniques for Document Processing}}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "1", + pages = "51--52", + month = mar, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "", + keywords = "", +} + +@Article{Quint:EPODD-7-2-53, + author = "Vincent Quint", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "2", + pages = "53--54", + month = jun, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "", + keywords = "", +} + +@Article{Quint:EPODD-7-2-55, + author = "Vincent Quint and Ir{\`{e}}ne Vatton", + title = "Making structured documents active", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "2", + pages = "55--74", + month = jun, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Active documents result from a combination of some + specific features in documents and some mechanisms in a + document manipulation system. In this paper we present + the possibilities offered by a structured model of + documents and a structured editor for making active + documents. Several application are described + (annotations, electronic indexes, cooperative editing, + documents as user interfaces, etc.) which show how a + document's logical structure may be exploited for + developing a variety of active document applications.", + keywords = "Active documents, Structured documents, Editors, User + interfaces, Grif", +} + +@Article{English:EPODD-7-2-75, + author = "Paul M. English and Raman Tenneti", + title = "{Interleaf} active documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "2", + pages = "75--87", + month = jun, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "A commercial structured document processing system has + been built with an extensible object system. This + system is an excellent platform for the design, + implementation, and delivery of active documents. + Examples are discussed.", + keywords = "Active documents, Document-based applications, User + interfaces, Document-object systems, Lisp", +} + +@Article{Haake:EPODD-7-2-89, + author = "Anja Haake and Christoph H{\"{u}}ser and Klaus + Reichenberger", + title = "The {Individualized Electronic Newspaper}: an example + of electronic publication", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "2", + pages = "89--111", + month = jun, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "During the last four years the PaVE department at + GMD-IPSI experimented with the Individualized + Electronic Newspaper, an active publication that is + individualized and composed on demand for a reader, and + then delivered electronically. This work concentrated + on the user interface design for active electronic + publications and, in particular, on the investigation + of publishing systems architectures supporting the + preparation and production of active electronic + publications. The paper introduces two alternative + interfaces for an electronic publication showing the + potential of the electronic medium for publication + design. The main part of the paper presents our + approach to making such publications possible: a + combination of structured documents and knowledge-based + techniques based on a sound publishing model. This + approach guided the design of an integrated publication + environment for the preparation and production of + active documents.", + keywords = "Interface design, Structured documents, Publishing + models, Publishing architectures", +} + +@Article{Hall:EPODD-7-3-113, + author = "Wendy Hall", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "3", + pages = "113--115", + month = sep, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "", + keywords = "", +} + +@Article{Harrison:EPODD-7-3-117, + author = "Leon Harrison", + title = "A review of multimedia technology and dissemination + systems", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "3", + pages = "117--146", + month = sep, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The connotations of `publishing' are undergoing rapid + change as technology itself changes. Placing marks on + paper (by whatever means), and distributing the result, + are perhaps the first thoughts that the word evokes but + nowadays it encompasses an ever-widening range of + preparation, presentation and dissemination methods. + Video sources, animation, still images and sound + samples are now available as methods of imparting + knowledge---and all of these are increasingly reliant + on technology-dependent delivery systems. The end-user + of information contained in such electronic + publications has expectations of the delivery and + display mechanisms which have been shaped, in the main, + by exposure to the broadcast media, whose centrally + funded resources are capable of exploiting + high-technology solutions. In trying to emulate similar + delivery systems at a personal level, the electronic + publisher needs to have a general awareness of what + present-day technologies can achieve, together with an + appreciation of cost and practical issues. This paper + gives a brief survey of these newer technologies as + seen from today's perspective.", + keywords = "Multimedia, Electronic publishing, Delivery systems, + Standards", +} + +@Article{Clark:EPODD-7-3-147, + author = "A. F. Clark and S. L. Cheah and T. K. Tan", + title = "Hypertext and multimedia enhancements to the {\TeX} + system", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "3", + pages = "147--161", + month = sep, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Enhancements have been made to the {\TeX} system to + support hypertext and multimedia facilities. A special + previewer, \verb=hdvi=, has been developed to give + access to these facilities. Using {\TeX}'s + \verb=\special= mechanism, the previewer displays + images, line graphics, audio, and video, as well as + supporting hypertext; it also permits limited + interaction with the underlying operating system. A + {\LaTeX} style file has been devised to provide access + to all these features. Some user feedback with the + system is described and the effectiveness of the + general approach is discussed.", + keywords = "Hypertext, Multimedia, {\TeX}", +} + +@Article{Carr:EPODD-7-3-163, + author = "L. A. Carr and D. W. Barron and H. C. Davis and W. + Hall", + title = "Why use {HyTime}?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "3", + pages = "163--178", + month = sep, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language + (HyTime) is a recently adopted International Standard + (ISO/IEC 10744:1992). The paper presents the need and + potential for HyTime, provides a brief explanation of + its various facilities and shows how it may be applied + to good effect in various situations, with particular + reference to hypertext interchange from Microcosm (an + open hypertext system). It then goes on to explore + several alternatives to HyTime and compare their + relative strengths and weaknesses.", +} + +@Article{Rizk:EPODD-7-3-179, + author = "Antoine Rizk and Francis Malezieux and Alain Leger", + title = "Using the {MHEG} standard in the hypermedia system + {Multicard}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "3", + pages = "179--193", + month = sep, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Mar 10 07:56:18 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The MHEG standard will define a coded representation + of multimedia and hypermedia information objects so as + to facilitate exchange of hypermedia applications over + various platforms. This standard has been developed + entirely independently of existing architectures such + as Dexter and `Dexter like' systems such as Multicard, + KMS[1], etc. In order for the MHEG standard to succeed, + it is important that existing hypermedia systems and + applications can be rendered MHEG compatible, rather + than those applications having to be rewritten using + new MHEG engines. This paper provides a case study of + how the MHEG standard could be adopted in one such + hypermedia system, namely Multicard. The aim is to + highlight the similarities and differences of the MHEG + standard and Multicard and to provide an idea of the + work required in order for such a system to read MHEG + compatible streams. The paper starts with a brief + description of the Multicard system, the Dexter model + and the MHEG standard.", + keywords = "MHEG, Multicard, Hypermedia", +} + +@Article{Hersch:EPODD-7-4-195, + author = "Roger D. Hersch", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "4", + pages = "195--196", + month = dec, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Haralambous:EPODD-7-4-197, + author = "Yannis Haralambous", + title = "Typesetting {Khmer}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "4", + pages = "197--215", + month = dec, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "Because of the complexity of Khmer script, up to now + there has been neither a typesetting system nor + standard encoding for the Khmer language. Presented in + this paper are: (a) a complete typesetting system for + Khmer based on {\TeX}, {\MF} and an ANSI~C + preprocessor, as well as (b) a proposal for an 8-bit + encoding table for Khmer information interchange. + Problems of phonic input, subscript and superscript + positioning, collating order, spelling reforms and + hyphenation are solved, and their solutions described. + Finally an alternative solution using~16-bit output + font tables is briefly sketched.", + keywords = "Khmer, {\TeX}, {\MF}, Computer typesetting", +} + +@Article{Kokula:EPODD-7-4-217, + author = "Michael Kokula", + title = "Automatic generation of script font ligatures based on + curve smoothness optimization", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "4", + pages = "217--229", + month = dec, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "The idea of type as a fixed geometrical object is + shown to be inadequate for script types. The method + presented creates ligatures between script font glyphs + on-the-fly, i.e. as a part of the glyph rasterization + process. This is done by manipulation of an existing + font. So the process described here can be used to give + existing fonts the intelligence to join characters + correctly when being interpreted by a standard font + rasterizer or print server. Of vital importance to the + method is the natural appearance of the curve serving + as the `ligature backbone'. In this article, a new + smoothness criterion for curves is developed. Then, a + method is presented that creates a curve connecting two + given curves in a natural-looking way --- this is done + by optimizing a parametric curve by means of the new + criterion. With this algorithm being integrated into + on-the-fly generation of script font ligatures, these + ligatures get the required level of quality.", + keywords = "Automatic ligatures, Script fonts, Connecting curves, + Curve smoothness, Curve optimization", +} + +@Article{Andre:EPODD-7-4-231, + author = "J. Andr\'e and I. Vatton", + title = "Dynamic optical scaling and variable-sized + characters", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "4", + pages = "231--250", + month = dec, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "First, a survey on optical scaling is carried out, + both from the traditional point of view and from that + of today's digital typography. Then the special case of + large characters, such as braces or integral signs, is + considered. It is shown that such variable-sized + symbols should be computed at print time in order to + approach the quality of metal typesetting. Finally, an + implementation of such dynamic fonts, still in progress + in the Grif editor, is described.", + keywords = "Optical scaling, Variable sized characters, Large + symbols, Dynamic font, Parametrized font, Grif", +} + +@Article{Herz:EPODD-7-4-251, + author = "J. Herz and R. D. Hersch", + title = "Towards a universal auto-hinting system for + typographic shapes", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "4", + pages = "251--260", + month = dec, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + abstract = "This contribution presents a simple method for the + automatic recognition and hinting of character + structure elements such as horizontal and vertical + stems. Stem recognition is based on successive steps + such as extraction of straight or nearly straight + contour segments, detection of hidden segments, merging + of original and hidden segments into larger segments, + sorting of segments into classes according to their + slopes and, finally, composition of black and white + stems. Reference values required for character hinting + purposes are obtained by evaluating the regularity of + the font through statistical analysis of features such + as stem widths and stem angles. Knowledge about the + location of stems and analysis of outline parts between + stems is used in order to produce automatically + appropriate grid constraint rules (hints). The + presented outline analysis and stem extraction + techniques are very general and may be applied to + non-Latin characters as well.", + keywords = "Digital typography, Shape analysis, Stem recognition, + Automatic hinting", +} + +@Article{Zapf:EPODD-7-4-261, + author = "Herman Zapf", + title = "Call for foundation of a `{Sir Francis Drake + Society}'", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "7", + number = "4", + pages = "261--263", + month = dec, + year = "1994", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri May 19 16:03:41 1995", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-8-1-1, + author = "P. J. Brown and Heather Brown", + title = "Embedded or separate hypertext mark-up: is it an + issue?", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "1", + pages = "1--13", + month = mar, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Nov 26 06:12:59 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + keywords = "Hypertext, Mark-up, Guide, WWW, CD-ROM, UNIX, + Microcosm, Hyper-G", +} + +@Article{Chiba:EPODD-8-1-15, + author = "Kazuya Chiba and Masaki Kyojima", + title = "Document transformation based on syntax-directed tree + translation", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "1", + pages = "15--29", + month = mar, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Nov 26 06:12:59 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + keywords = "Class-level document transformation, Context-free + grammar, Document transformation, Structured document, + Syntax-directed translation", +} + +@Article{Kacmar:EPODD-8-1-31, + author = "Charles J. Kacmar", + title = "A process approach for providing hypermedia services + to existing, non-hypermedia applications", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "1", + pages = "31--48", + month = mar, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Tue Nov 26 06:12:59 1996", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", + keywords = "Hypertext, Hypermedia, Retrofit, Conversion, + Migration", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-8-2/3-49, + author = "Allen Brown and Anne Br{\"u}ggemann-Klein and An + Feng", + title = "Editorial: Special Issue: {Proceedings of EP'96, the + Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation, and + Typography Conference}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "49--50", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:32 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{vanOssenbruggen:EPODD-8-2/3-51, + author = "Jacco {van Ossenbruggen} and Anton Eli{\"e}ns and + Bastian Sch{\"o}nhage", + title = "{Web} Applications and {SGML}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "51--62", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Francois:EPODD-8-2/3-63, + author = "Patricia Fran{\c{c}}ois and Philippe Futtersack and + Christophe Espert", + title = "{SGML\slash HyTime} Repositories and Object + Paradigms", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "63--79", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Richy:EPODD-8-2/3-81, + author = "H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Richy and Jacques Andr{\'e}", + title = "Typographic Sheets and Structured Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "81--93", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{King:EPODD-8-2/3-95, + author = "P. R. King", + title = "Modelling Multimedia Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "95--110", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Haralambous:EPODD-8-2/3-111, + author = "Yannis Haralambous", + title = "The Traditional {Arabic} Typecase Extended to the + {Unicode} Set of Glyphs", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "111--123", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Munson:EPODD-8-2/3-125, + author = "Ethan V. Munson", + title = "A New Presentation Language for Structured Documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "125--138", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Bruggemann-Klein:EPODD-8-2/3-139, + author = "Anne Br{\"u}ggemann-Klein and Rolf Klein and Stefan + Wohlfeil", + title = "Pagination Reconsidered", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "139--152", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Smith:EPODD-8-2/3-153, + author = "Philip N. Smith and David N. Brailsford", + title = "Towards Structured, Block-Based {PDF}", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "153--165", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Wang:EPODD-8-2/3-167, + author = "Xinxin Wang and Derick Wood", + title = "{\sc Xtable} --- {A} Tabular Editor and Formatter", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "167--179", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Kuikka:EPODD-8-2/3-181, + author = "E. Kuikka and A. Salminen", + title = "Filtering Structured Documents in the {SYNDOC} + Environment", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "181--193", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Ahonen:EPODD-8-2/3-195, + author = "Helena Ahonen", + title = "Automatic Generation of {SGML} Content Models", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "195--206", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Lovegrove:EPODD-8-2/3-207, + author = "William S. Lovegrove and David F. Brailsford", + title = "Document Analysis of {PDF} Files: Methods, Results and + Implications", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "207--220", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Zhang:EPODD-8-2/3-221, + author = "Qin Zhang and John M. Danskin", + title = "A Pattern-Based Lossy Compression Scheme for Document + Images", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "221--233", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:02 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Kumar:EPODD-8-2/3-235, + author = "Vijay Kumar and Richard Furuta and Robert B. Allen", + title = "Interactive Interfaces for Knowledge-rich Domains", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "235--246", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:03 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Allen:EPODD-8-2/3-247, + author = "R. B. Allen", + title = "Retrieval from Facet Spaces", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "247--257", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:03 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Brown:EPODD-8-2/3-259, + author = "P. J. Brown", + title = "The {Stick-e} Document: {A} Framework for Creating + Context-aware Applications", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "259--272", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:03 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Bruggemann-Klein:EPODD-8-2/3-273, + author = "Anne Br{\"u}ggemann-Klein", + title = "Colophon", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "273--273", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:03 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Anonymous:EPODD-8-2/3-275, + author = "Anonymous", + title = "{EP'96} Author Index", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "275--275", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:03 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Anonymous:EPODD-8-2/3-277, + author = "Anonymous", + title = "{EP'96} Key Word Index", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "2/3", + pages = "277--277", + month = jun # "\slash " # sep, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Fri Jul 11 07:26:03 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Brailsford:EPODD-8-4-279, + author = "David Brailsford and Richard Furuta", + title = "Editorial", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "279--280", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Devroye:EPODD-8-4-281, + author = "Luc Devroye and Michael McDougall", + title = "Random fonts for the simulation of handwriting", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "281--294", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Murata:EPODD-8-4-295, + author = "Makoto Murata", + title = "File format for documents containing both logical + structures and layout structures", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "295--317", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Kuikka:EPODD-8-4-319, + author = "E. Kuikka and M. Penttonen", + title = "Transformation of structured documents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "319--341", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Barron:EPODD-8-4-343, + author = "David W. Barron", + title = "Portable documents: problems and (partial) solutions", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "343--367", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Anonymous:EPODD-8-4-369, + author = "Anonymous", + title = "Author Index", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "369--369", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Anonymous:EPODD-8-4-371, + author = "Anonymous", + title = "Keyword Index", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "371--372", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} + +@Article{Anonymous:EPODD-8-4-i, + author = "Anonymous", + title = "Volume Contents", + journal = j-EPODD, + volume = "8", + number = "4", + pages = "i--iii", + month = dec, + year = "1995", + CODEN = "EPODEU", + ISSN = "0894-3982", + bibdate = "Thu Jul 10 14:25:06 1997", + bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib", +} |