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author | Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at> | 2010-05-12 16:54:37 +0000 |
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committer | Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at> | 2010-05-12 16:54:37 +0000 |
commit | 661c41a09e39a182865e0b51e34cc995a0dc96e8 (patch) | |
tree | 2f79bb1406e22fdcb2587be8ffda6c0c609d7932 /Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/pods/perldiag.pod | |
parent | b645030efc22e13c2498a1522083634ab91b2de1 (diff) |
move tlperl.straw to tlperl
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@18210 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/pods/perldiag.pod')
-rwxr-xr-x | Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/pods/perldiag.pod | 5065 |
1 files changed, 5065 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/pods/perldiag.pod b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/pods/perldiag.pod new file mode 100755 index 00000000000..1129a050a09 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/pods/perldiag.pod @@ -0,0 +1,5065 @@ +=head1 NAME + +perldiag - various Perl diagnostics + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of +desperation): + + (W) A warning (optional). + (D) A deprecation (optional). + (S) A severe warning (enabled by default). + (F) A fatal error (trappable). + (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable). + (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable). + (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl). + +The majority of messages from the first three classifications above +(W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma. + +If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning +category is included with the classification letter in the description +below. + +Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w> +and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> +to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead +of printing it. See L<perlvar>. + +Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled +with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch. + +Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See +L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively +disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma. +See L<warnings>. + +The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or +lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are +denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are +ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than +letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a +letter. + +=over 4 + +=item accept() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget +to check the return value of your socket() call? See +L<perlfunc/accept>. + +=item Allocation too large: %lx + +(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. + +=item '%c' allowed only after types %s + +(F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only +after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use & + +(W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl +keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling +one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the +subroutine is not imported. + +To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand +before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package. +Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's +imported with the C<use subs> pragma). + +To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix +on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine +to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or +L<attributes>). + +=item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator + +(F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at +all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either +first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with +C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.) + +=item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s + +(W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way +you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying +a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration. + +=item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line +redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to +redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please. + +=item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line +redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and +into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other, +though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script +which 'splits' output into two streams, such as + + open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!"; + while (<STDIN>) { + print; + print OUT; + } + close OUT; + +=item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s) + +(W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and +transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply +one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to +a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a +hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what +you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for +alternatives. + +=item Args must match #! line + +(F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked +with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems +impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches; +for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>. + +=item Arg too short for msgsnd + +(F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long). + +=item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine + +(F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a +subroutine with an ampersand, such as: + + $foo{$bar} + $ref->{"susie"}[12] + &do_something + +=item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice + +(F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element, +such as: + + $foo{$bar} + $ref->{"susie"}[12] + +or a hash or array slice, such as: + + @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy] + @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"} + +=item %s argument is not a subroutine name + +(F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine +name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this +error. + +=item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s + +(W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator +that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message +will identify which operator was so unfortunate. + +=item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s" + +(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you +forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming +data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing +the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer. +If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be +the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO. + +=item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s() + +(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some +spots. This is now heavily deprecated. + +=item assertion botched: %s + +(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. + +=item Assertion failed: file "%s" + +(P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined. + +=item Assignment to both a list and a scalar + +(F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments +must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't +know which context to supply to the right side. + +=item A thread exited while %d threads were running + +(W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main +thread) exited while there were still other threads running. +Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the +created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main +thread. See L<threads>. + +=item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash + +(F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in +the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash. + +=item Attempt to bless into a reference + +(F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be +the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've +supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote + + bless $self, $proto; + +when you intended + + bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto; + +If you actually want to bless into the stringified version +of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for +example by: + + bless $self, "$proto"; + +=item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash + +(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key +which is not in its key set. + +=item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash + +(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been +declared readonly from a restricted hash. + +=item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx + +(P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas +that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be +outside any of those arenas. + +=item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string + +(P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of +strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other +strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count +of a string that can no longer be found in the table. + +=item Attempt to free temp prematurely + +(W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the +free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the +SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the +free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does +try to free it. + +=item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers + +(P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases. + +=item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar + +(W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to +see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 +earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. +This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or +that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was +mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been +corrupted. + +=item Attempt to join self + +(F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an +impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need +to move the join() to some other thread. + +=item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value + +(W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a +function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This +means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become +invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use +literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to +avoid this warning. + +=item Attempt to reload %s aborted. + +(F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to +compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again +unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and +L<perlvar/%INC>. + +=item Attempt to set length of freed array + +(W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You +can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index +of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example + + $r = do {my @a; \$#a}; + $$r = 503 + +=item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr + +(W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() +used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to +dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>. + +=item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s + +(F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() +or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively, +S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and +S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>. + +=item Bad evalled substitution pattern + +(F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a +substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate, +most likely an unexpected right brace '}'. + +=item Bad filehandle: %s + +(F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the +symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an +open(), or did it in another package. + +=item Bad free() ignored + +(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never +been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by +setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0. + +This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard" +dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB> +which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc(). + +=item Bad hash + +(P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer. + +=item Badly placed ()'s + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead +of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into +Perl yourself. + +=item Bad name after %s:: + +(F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then +didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside +of quotes, so + + $var = 'myvar'; + $sym = mypack::$var; + +is not the same as + + $var = 'myvar'; + $sym = "mypack::$var"; + +=item Bad realloc() ignored + +(S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had +never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled +by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1. + +=item Bad symbol for array + +(P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that +wasn't a symbol table entry. + +=item Bad symbol for dirhandle + +(P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something +that wasn't a symbol table entry. + + +=item Bad symbol for filehandle + +(P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something +that wasn't a symbol table entry. + +=item Bad symbol for hash + +(P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that +wasn't a symbol table entry. + +=item Bareword found in conditional + +(W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a +conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part +of the last argument of the previous construct, for example: + + open FOO || die; + +It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as +a bareword: + + use constant TYPO => 1; + if (TYOP) { print "foo" } + +The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors. + +=item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use + +(F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a +subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>" +symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine? + +=item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package + +(W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the +compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps +you need to predeclare a package? + +=item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted + +(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN +subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is +exited. + +=item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted + +(F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which +implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already +occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not +be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely +depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up. + +=item \1 better written as $1 + +(W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. +The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a +substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form +because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if +there are more than 9 backreferences. + +=item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable + +(W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 +(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See +L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. + +=item bind() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to +check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>. + +=item binmode() on closed filehandle %s + +(W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened. +Check you control flow and number of arguments. + +=item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable + +(W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable. + +=item Bizarre copy of %s in %s + +(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not +copyable. + +=item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s + +(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to +iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition +which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown. + +=item Callback called exit + +(F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv() +exited by calling exit. + +=item %s() called too early to check prototype + +(W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the +parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check +that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an +early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the +subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype +checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the +function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid +the warning. See L<perlsub>. + +=item Cannot compress integer in pack + +(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER +compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you +attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308). +See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack + +(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer +format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob + +(F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference in it, +then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. The access +triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is no legal conversion +from that type of reference to a typeglob. + +=item Cannot copy to %s in %s + +(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot +be directly assigned not. + +=item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack + +(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed +integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted +to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Can't bless non-reference value + +(F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces" +encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>. + +=item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer + +(F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than +a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>. + +=item Can't "break" outside a given block + +(F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block. + +=item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s" + +(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package +functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined +in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>. + +=item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value + +(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the +object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something +like this will reproduce the error: + + $BADREF = undef; + process $BADREF 1,2,3; + $BADREF->process(1,2,3); + +=item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference + +(F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It +ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you +didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an +object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>. + +=item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference + +(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the +object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a +defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name. +Something like this will reproduce the error: + + $BADREF = 42; + process $BADREF 1,2,3; + $BADREF->process(1,2,3); + +=item Can't chdir to %s + +(F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory +that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist. + +=item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid + +(P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for +nosuid. + +=item Can't coerce array into hash + +(F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no +information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that +only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0. + +=item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s + +(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries +(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't +say things like: + + *foo += 1; + +You CAN say + + $foo = *foo; + $foo += 1; + +but then $foo no longer contains a glob. + +=item Can't coerce %s to number in %s + +(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries +(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. + +=item Can't coerce %s to string in %s + +(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries +(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. + +=item Can't "continue" outside a when block + +(F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when> +or C<default> block. + +=item Can't create pipe mailbox + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted +quotas or other plumbing problems. + +=item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s" + +(F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific +class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration. The semantics may be +extended for other types of variables in future. + +=item Can't declare %s in "%s" + +(F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or +"state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names. + +=item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file + +(S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as +a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored. + +=item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s + +(S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated +reason. + +=item Can't do inplace edit without backup + +(F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try +reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say +C<-i.bak>, or some such. + +=item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique + +(S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14 +characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during +inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored. + +=item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your +regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the +regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Can't do setegid! + +(P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of +suidperl. + +=item Can't do seteuid! + +(P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason. + +=item Can't do setuid + +(F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do +setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form +sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under +the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the +file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your +sysadmin why he and/or she removed it. + +=item Can't do waitpid with flags + +(F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only +waitpid() without flags is emulated. + +=item Can't emulate -%s on #! line + +(F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this +point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! +line. + +=item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform + +(F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian, +or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or +little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible. +See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Can't exec "%s": %s + +(W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the +named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the +permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in +C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another +architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that +can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support +#! at all.) + +=item Can't exec %s + +(F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because +that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may +need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere. + +=item Can't execute %s + +(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute +found in the PATH did not have correct permissions. + +=item Can't find an opnumber for "%s" + +(F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there +is no builtin with the name C<word>. + +=item Can't find %s character property "%s" + +(F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name +could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property +(remember that the names of character properties consist only of +alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix? + +=item Can't find label %s + +(F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's +possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>. + +=item Can't find %s on PATH + +(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be +found in the PATH. + +=item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH + +(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be +found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The +script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it. + +=item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF + +(F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means +that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count +nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis: + + print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.); + +If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included +unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's +editor will have a way to help you find these characters. + +=item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" + +(F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for +example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a +Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties. +If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either +by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until +possible C<\E>). + +=item Can't fork + +(F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a +pipeline. + +=item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer? + +(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference +between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. +Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in +the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into +account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all +the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to +the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using +the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only +if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, +because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning +appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up +and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking +routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you +shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises +only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.) + +=item Can't get pipe mailbox device name + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a +pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use. + +=item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your +mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer. + +=item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop + +(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach +loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>. + +=item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block + +(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like +a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if +you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no. +See L<perlfunc/goto>. + +=item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback) + +(F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the +comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such +as the reduce() function in List::Util). + +=item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s + +(F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval +"string" or block. + +=item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine + +(F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one +subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole +cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD +routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>. + +=item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default + +(W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD +signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this +signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child +processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This +situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl +may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless. + +=item Can't "last" outside a loop block + +(F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block, +except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current +block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish" +block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can +usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the +inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See +L<perlfunc/last>. + +=item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table + +(F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a +package, but failed because the package stash has no name. + +=item Can't load '%s' for module %s + +(F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This +may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is +incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen +between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic +extension was built against an older version of the library that is +installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic +extensions. + +=item Can't localize lexical variable %s + +(F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a +lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you want to +localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the +package name. + +=item Can't localize through a reference + +(F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently +handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref +pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure +that $ref will still be a reference. + +=item Can't locate %s + +(F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be +found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC, +unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you +need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where +the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name +to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See +L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>. + +=item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC + +(F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows +autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes +are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> +the file, say, by doing C<make install>. + +=item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC + +(F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like +for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was +unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>. + +=item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" + +(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package +functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular +method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>. + +=item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA + +(W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that +doesn't seem to exist. + +=item Can't locate PerlIO%s + +(F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist, +e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile"). + +=item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system + +(F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably +VMS. + +=item Can't modify %s in %s + +(F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try +to change it, such as with an auto-increment. + +=item Can't modify nonexistent substring + +(P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed +a NULL. + +=item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call + +(F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as +such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">. + +=item Can't msgrcv to read-only var + +(F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive +buffer. + +=item Can't "next" outside a loop block + +(F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but +there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't +count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or +grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect +though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops +once. See L<perlfunc/next>. + +=item Can't open %s: %s + +(S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >> +filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line +switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this +is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on +the command line. + +=item Can't open a reference + +(W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing, +using the 3-arg open() syntax : + + open FH, '>', $ref; + +but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of +open is not supported. + +=item Can't open bidirectional pipe + +(W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. +You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such +as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using +">", and then read it in under a different file handle. + +=item Can't open error file %s as stderr + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line +redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on +the command line for writing. + +=item Can't open input file %s as stdin + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line +redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the +command line for reading. + +=item Can't open output file %s as stdout + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line +redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on +the command line for writing. + +=item Can't open output pipe (name: %s) + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line +redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined +for stdout. + +=item Can't open perl script%s + +(F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason. + +If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the +shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so +you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>. + +=item Can't read CRTL environ + +(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV +from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was +missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ +or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not +searched. + +=item Can't "redo" outside a loop block + +(F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but +there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't +count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() +or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect +though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that +loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>. + +=item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file + +(S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup +file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with +the modified file. The file was left unmodified. + +=item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file + +(S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, +probably because you don't have write permission to the directory. + +=item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried +to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed. + +=item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s' + +(F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed +to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If +method name is C<???>, this is an internal error. + +=item Can't reswap uid and euid + +(P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of +suidperl. + +=item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine + +(F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as +temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This +is not allowed. + +=item Can't return outside a subroutine + +(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where +there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>. + +=item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context + +(F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine, +but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant +to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around +the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in +list context. + +=item Can't stat script "%s" + +(P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it +open already. Bizarre. + +=item Can't swap uid and euid + +(P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of +suidperl. + +=item Can't take log of %g + +(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a +negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes +standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the +negative numbers. + +=item Can't take sqrt of %g + +(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a +negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard +with Perl, though, if you really want to do that. + +=item Can't undef active subroutine + +(F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can, +however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the +redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure. + +=item Can't unshift + +(F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such +as the main Perl stack. + +=item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d + +(P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it +into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so +specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message +indicates that such a conversion was attempted. + +=item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup + +(F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol +table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous +for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>. + +=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference + +(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must +be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors. + +=item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use + +(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic +references are disallowed. See L<perlref>. + +=item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available + +(F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the +Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to +provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values. + +=item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s + +(F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian +byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not +allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Can't use %s for loop variable + +(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a +foreach. + +=item Can't use global %s in "%s" + +(F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This +is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location +(namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to +have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but +weren't. + +=item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s + +(F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type +that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. +For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that +is inside a big-endian group. + +=item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison + +(F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons. +You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator, +and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable. +Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the +lexical variable. + +=item Can't use %s ref as %s ref + +(F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a +reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to +test the type of the reference, if need be. + +=item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use + +(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic +references are disallowed. See L<perlref>. + +=item Can't use subscript on %s + +(F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a +subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that +didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable. + +=item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression + +(W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that +creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a +backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular +expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a +value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form +instead. + +=item Can't use "when" outside a topicalizer + +(F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach> +loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit +from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails, +or if you use an explicit C<continue>.) + +=item Can't weaken a nonreference + +(F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only +references can be weakened. + +=item Can't x= to read-only value + +(F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) +with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself. +Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that. + +=item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack + +(W pack) You said + + pack("C", $x) + +where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is +only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, +and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant + + pack("C", $x & 255) + +If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format +instead. + +=item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack + +(W pack) You said + + pack("U0W", $x) + +where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects +all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you +meant: + + pack("U0W", $x & 255) + +=item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack + +(W pack) You said + + pack("c", $x) + +where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format +is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, +and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant + + pack("c", $x & 255); + +If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format +instead. + +=item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack + +(W unpack) You tried something like + + unpack("H", "\x{2a1}") + +where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value +below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value +modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: + + unpack("H", "\x{a1}") + +=item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack + +(W pack) You tried something like + + pack("u", "\x{1f3}b") + +where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a +value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl +uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: + + pack("u", "\x{f3}b") + +=item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack + +(W unpack) You tried something like + + unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b") + +where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a +value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl +uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: + + unpack("s", "\x{f3}b") + +=item close() on unopened filehandle %s + +(W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened. + +=item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s + +(W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really +a dirhandle. Check your control flow. + +=item Code missing after '/' + +(F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another +template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item %s: Command not found + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. +Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. + +=item Compilation failed in require + +(F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement. +Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it +encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately. + +=item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded + +(W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex +situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited +to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow +arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without +recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string +under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than +in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so +that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information +on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.) + +=item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable + +(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call +cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast() +function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a +cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread +has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to +first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed +after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the +lock. + +=item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable + +(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call +cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal() +function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a +cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread +has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to +first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed +after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the +lock. + +=item connect() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget +to check the return value of your socket() call? See +L<perlfunc/connect>. + +=item Constant(%s)%s: %s + +(F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define +an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name +specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the +corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and +L<overload>. + +=item Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find +the character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you +forgot to load the corresponding C<charnames> pragma? +See L<charnames>. + + +=item Constant is not %s reference + +(F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma) +is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference. +The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This +usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value. +See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>. + +=item Constant subroutine %s redefined + +(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been +eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for +commentary and workarounds. + +=item Constant subroutine %s undefined + +(W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible +for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and +workarounds. + +=item Copy method did not return a reference + +(F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See +L<overload/Copy Constructor>. + +=item CORE::%s is not a keyword + +(F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords. + +=item corrupted regexp pointers + +(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular +expression compiler gave it. + +=item corrupted regexp program + +(P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a +valid magic number. + +=item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx + +(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. + +=item Count after length/code in unpack + +(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but +you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See +L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s" + +(W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) +100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an +infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in +which case it indicates something else. + +This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary, +setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value. + +=item defined(@array) is deprecated + +(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it +checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the +array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example. + +=item defined(%hash) is deprecated + +(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it +checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash +is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example. + +=item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed + +(F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file +there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>. + +=item Delimiter for here document is too long + +(F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too +long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code +that triggers this error. + +=item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional + +(D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>. +There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable +not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false +conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of +static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people +relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by +declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg + + sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ } + +becomes + + { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } } + +Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use C<state> variables to +have lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>): + + sub f { state $x; return $x++ } + +=item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s' + +(F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is +just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than +to create a dangling reference. + +=item Did not produce a valid header + +See Server error. + +=item %s did not return a true value + +(F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that +it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's +traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would +do. See L<perlfunc/require>. + +=item (Did you mean &%s instead?) + +(W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some +such. + +=item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?) + +(W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global +variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which +seems superfluous. + +=item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?) + +(W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or +@hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got +carried away. + +=item Died + +(F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or +you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty. + +=item Document contains no data + +See Server error. + +=item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed + +(F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not +define a C<$VERSION.> + +=item '/' does not take a repeat count + +(F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code. +See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s' + +(P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed. + +=item do_study: out of memory + +(P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead. + +=item (Do you need to predeclare %s?) + +(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message +"%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module +name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be +because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing +"sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing +something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the +subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty +"sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration. + +=item dump() better written as CORE::dump() + +(W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully +qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>. + +=item dump is not supported + +(F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump. + +=item Duplicate free() ignored + +(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had +already been freed. + +=item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s + +(W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type +in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item elseif should be elsif + +(S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's +ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named +"elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is +unlikely to be what you want. + +=item Empty %s + +(F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as +described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in +a regular expression without specifying the property name. + +=item entering effective %s failed + +(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and +effective uids or gids failed. + +=item %ENV is aliased to %s + +(F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been +aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the +program's environment. This is potentially insecure. + +=item Error converting file specification %s + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file +specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a +single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed +an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the +conversion routines don't handle. Drat. + +=item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression + +(F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular +expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which +is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>. + +=item %s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' + +(F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the +C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the +pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it +is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly +building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using +that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>. + +=item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' + +(F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width +assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> +pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>. + +=item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming +any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Excessively long <> operator + +(F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a +Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of +filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a +variable and glob that. + +=item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system + +(F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>. + +=item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors + +(F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails. + +=item Exiting eval via %s + +(W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a +goto, or a loop control statement. + +=item Exiting format via %s + +(W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a +goto, or a loop control statement. + +=item Exiting pseudo-block via %s + +(W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a +sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a +loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>. + +=item Exiting subroutine via %s + +(W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such +as a goto, or a loop control statement. + +=item Exiting substitution via %s + +(W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such +as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement. + +=item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main) + +(W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has +the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is +usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package, +e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage'); + +=item %s: Expression syntax + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. +Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. + +=item %s failed--call queue aborted + +(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK, +CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the +queue of such routines has been prematurely ended. + +=item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal +character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-" +in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the +"-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the +problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS +system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more +details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell +you which section of the Perl source code is distressed. + +=item fcntl is not implemented + +(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a +PDP-11 or something? + +=item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value + +(F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which +is not possible. + +=item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack + +(W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator +which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for +a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified +C<u63> as format. + +=item Filehandle %s opened only for input + +(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended +it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or +"+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to +write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>. + +=item Filehandle %s opened only for output + +(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If +you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it +with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you +intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>. +Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0 +(also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?). + +=item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input + +(W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id +as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR +previously. + +=item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output + +(W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id +as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously. + +=item Final $ should be \$ or $name + +(F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be +a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that +happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the +name. + +=item flock() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed +some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on +filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the +same name? + +=item Format not terminated + +(F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got +to the end of your file without finding such a line. + +=item Format %s redefined + +(W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say + + { + no warnings 'redefine'; + eval "format NAME =..."; + } + +=item Found = in conditional, should be == + +(W syntax) You said + + if ($foo = 123) + +when you meant + + if ($foo == 123) + +(or something like that). + +=item %s found where operator expected + +(S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. +If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an +operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an +operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon. + +=item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s" + +(S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed. + +=item gethostent not implemented + +(F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably +because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname +on the Internet. + +=item get%sname() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed +socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call? + +=item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s" + +(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the +C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC. + +=item getsockopt() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you +forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See +L<perlfunc/getsockopt>. + +=item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name + +(F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates +that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"), +declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say +which package the global variable is in (using "::"). + +=item glob failed (%s) + +(W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for +C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a +C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a +nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit +resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is +broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in +config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it +were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all +empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will +think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run +C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl. + +=item Glob not terminated + +(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting +a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and +not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out +earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". + +=item Got an error from DosAllocMem + +(P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete +version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway. + +=item goto must have label + +(F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an +unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>. + +=item ()-group starts with a count + +(F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is +supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group. + See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item %s had compilation errors + +(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails. + +=item Had to create %s unexpectedly + +(S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought +to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be +created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump. + +=item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s() + +(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some +spots. This is now heavily deprecated. + +=item %s has too many errors + +(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors. +Further error messages would likely be uninformative. + +=item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable + +(W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 +(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See +L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. + +=item Identifier too long + +(F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to +about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound +names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions +of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations. + +=item Ignoring %s in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W) Named Unicode character escapes (\N{...}) may return multi-char +or zero length sequences. When such an escape is used in a character class +its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has +been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope. + +=item Illegal binary digit %s + +(F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number. + +=item Illegal binary digit %s ignored + +(W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a +binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the +offending digit. + +=item Illegal character %s (carriage return) + +(F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it +would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error +when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your +version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk +to your Perl administrator. + +=item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s + +(W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal +characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \. + +=item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine + +(F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine, +you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>. + +=item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s + +(F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>. + +=item Illegal division by zero + +(F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in +your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against +meaningless input. + +=item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored + +(W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or +A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal +number stopped before the illegal character. + +=item Illegal modulus zero + +(F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most +numbers don't take to this kindly. + +=item Illegal number of bits in vec + +(F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of +two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that). + +=item Illegal octal digit %s + +(F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number. + +=item Illegal octal digit %s ignored + +(W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number. +Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9. + +=item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s + +(X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the +following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>. + +=item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s" + +(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's +internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=> +delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored. + +=item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s| + +(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical +name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and +didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was +ignored. + +=item (in cleanup) %s + +(W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised +the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the +system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of +times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that +would otherwise result in the same message being repeated. + +Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could +also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>. + +=item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s' + +(F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not +C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3 +documentation in L<mro> for more information. + +=item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647 + +(F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as +Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC +encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF). + +=item Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input +text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns +either consume text or fail. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden + +(F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the initialization +of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write C<state ($a) = 42> as +C<state $a = 42> to change from list to scalar context. Constructions such +as C<state (@a) = foo()> will be supported in a future perl release. + +=item Insecure dependency in %s + +(F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like. +The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or +setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The +tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly +from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any +such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See +L<perlsec> for more information. + +=item Insecure directory in %s + +(F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or +setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by +the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory. +See L<perlsec>. + +=item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s + +(F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or +setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>, +C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data +supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set +the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>. + +=item Integer overflow in %s number + +(W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified +either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for +your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number. +On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number +representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or +0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl +transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation +internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent +operations. + +=item Integer overflow in format string for %s + +(F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()> +or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of +integers for your architecture. + +=item Integer overflow in version + +(F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the +size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning +because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a +element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by +trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like +100/9. + +=item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser. +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks + +(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times +you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call +to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see +L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so +Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to +terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command. + +=item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The +<-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item %s (...) interpreted as function + +(W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator +followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list +operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See +L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>. + +=item Invalid %s attribute: %s + +The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized +by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. + +=item Invalid %s attributes: %s + +The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not +recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. + +=item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s" + +(W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See +L<perlfunc/sprintf>. + +=item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256 +didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion +from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. +The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead. +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the +escape was discovered. + +=item Invalid mro name: '%s' + +(F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")> +or C<use mro 'foo'>, where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO). +(Currently, the only valid ones are C<dfs> and C<c3>). See L<mro>. + +=item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character +greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the +C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only +up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the +problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator + +(F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum +character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>. + +=item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list + +(F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the +elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a +parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon. +See L<attributes>. + +=item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s + +(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a +colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list. +If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that +list was terminated too soon. + +=item Invalid type '%s' in %s + +(F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. +See L<perlfunc/pack>. +(W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be +silently ignored. + +=item Invalid version format (multiple underscores) + +(F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals +that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed +version formats. + +=item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal) + +(F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore. +See L<version> for the allowed version formats. + +=item ioctl is not implemented + +(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty +strange for a machine that supports C. + +=item ioctl() on unopened %s + +(W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened. +Check you control flow and number of arguments. + +=item IO layers (like "%s") unavailable + +(F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore +you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured +with 'useperlio'. + +=item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture + +(F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality, +neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK). + +=item $* is no longer supported + +(S deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has +been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In previous versions of perl the use of +C<$*> enabled or disabled multi-line matching within a string. + +Instead of using C<$*> you should use the C</m> (and maybe C</s>) regexp +modifiers. (In older versions: when C<$*> was set to a true value then all regular +expressions behaved as if they were written using C</m>.) + +=item $# is no longer supported + +(S deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has +been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the +printf/sprintf functions instead. + +=item `%s' is not a code reference + +(W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant +needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference +to a subroutine. + +=item `%s' is not an overloadable type + +(W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is +unaware of. + +=item junk on end of regexp + +(P) The regular expression parser is confused. + +=item Label not found for "last %s" + +(F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop +of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See +L<perlfunc/last>. + +=item Label not found for "next %s" + +(F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of +that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See +L<perlfunc/last>. + +=item Label not found for "redo %s" + +(F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of +that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See +L<perlfunc/last>. + +=item leaving effective %s failed + +(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and +effective uids or gids failed. + +=item length/code after end of string in unpack + +(F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack +length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in +an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item listen() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget +to check the return value of your socket() call? See +L<perlfunc/listen>. + +=item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/ + +(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can +handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. + +=item lstat() on filehandle %s + +(W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean +by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat() +instead on the filehandle.) + +=item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet + +(F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash +values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See +L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">. + +=item Malformed integer in [] in pack + +(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits +are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Malformed integer in [] in unpack + +(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits +are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX + +(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form + + prefix1;prefix2 + +or + prefix1 prefix2 + +with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of +a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may +appear if components are not found, or are too long. See +"PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>. + +=item Malformed prototype for %s: %s + +(F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The +syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for +obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run +when the function is called. + +=item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s) + +(S utf8) (F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8 +encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on. + +One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that +you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy +8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8. + +If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte +sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is +set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error +message. + +See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">. + +=item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate + +Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while +doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate. + +=item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack + +(F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding +rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. + +=item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack + +(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding +rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. + +=item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack + +(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding +rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. + +=item Maximal count of pending signals (%s) exceeded + +(F) Perl aborted due to a too important number of signals pending. This +usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals +too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from +resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals +safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.) + +=item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the +regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE +shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. +See L<perlre>. + +=item "%s" may clash with future reserved word + +(W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4 +interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is +"use" or "my". + +=item % may not be used in pack + +(F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the +checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way. +See L<perlfunc/unpack>. + +=item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing + +(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that +doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. + +=item Method %s not permitted + +See Server error. + +=item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d + +(S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused +by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually +ended earlier on the current line. + +=item Misplaced _ in number + +(W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not +separate two digits. + +=item Missing argument to -%c + +(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow +immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces. + +=item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{} + +(F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within +double-quotish context. + +=item Missing comma after first argument to %s function + +(F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an +"indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them. + +=item Missing command in piped open + +(W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or +C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or +blank. + +=item Missing control char name in \c + +(F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control +character name. + +=item Missing name in "my sub" + +(F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that +they have a name with which they can be found. + +=item Missing $ on loop variable + +(F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables +are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it +can vary from one line to the next. + +=item (Missing operator before %s?) + +(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message +"%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma. + +=item Missing right brace on %s + +(F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>. + +=item Missing right curly or square bracket + +(F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing +ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you +were last editing. + +=item (Missing semicolon on previous line?) + +(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message +"%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on +the previous line just because you saw this message. + +=item Modification of a read-only value attempted + +(F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a +constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler +catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is: + + sub mod { $_[0] = 1 } + mod(2); + +Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string. + +Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR> +is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>: + + $x = 1; + foreach my $n ($x, 2) { + $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2 + } + +=item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s + +(F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the +subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array +backwards. + +=item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s + +(P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it +couldn't be created for some peculiar reason. + +=item Module name must be constant + +(F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use". + +=item Module name required with -%c option + +(F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but +you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details +about C<-M> and C<-m>. + +=item More than one argument to open + +(F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This +can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a +list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode. +See L<perlfunc/open> for details. + +=item msg%s not implemented + +(F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system. + +=item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported + +(W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. +They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C. + +=item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack + +(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not +follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value. +See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item "my sub" not yet implemented + +(F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try +that yet. + +=item "%s" variable %s can't be in a package + +(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make +sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use +local() if you want to localize a package variable. + +=item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo + +(W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names. +If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it +again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is +provided for this purpose. + +NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c, +%c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered +the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it +will not trigger this warning. + +=item Negative '/' count in unpack + +(F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was +negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Negative length + +(F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer +length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine. + +=item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context + +(F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be +greater than or equal to zero. + +=item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So +things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular +expression about where the problem was discovered. + +Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and +C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>. + +=item %s never introduced + +(S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of +scope before it could possibly have been used. + +=item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method + +(F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a +real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context. +See L<mro>. + +=item No %s allowed while running setuid + +(F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or +setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there +will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least +securable. See L<perlsec>. + +=item No comma allowed after %s + +(F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not +allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments. +Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments. + +One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a +constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such +importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system +does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an +explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see +L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list +would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not +remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that +constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import +list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where +this error was triggered? + +=item No command into which to pipe on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line +redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it +doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command. + +=item No DB::DB routine defined + +(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but +for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> +module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each +statement. + +=item No dbm on this machine + +(P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should +supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>. + +=item No DB::sub routine defined + +(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but +for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> +module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning +of each ordinary subroutine call. + +=item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts + +(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user. + +=item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line +redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't +find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr. + +=item No group ending character '%c' found in template + +(F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its +matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item No input file after < on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line +redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the +name of the file from which to read data for stdin. + +=item No #! line + +(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line +even on machines that don't support the #! construct. + +=item No next::method '%s' found for %s + +(F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name +in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want +it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method> +or C<next::can>. See L<mro>. + +=item "no" not allowed in expression + +(F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and +returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. + +=item No output file after > on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line +redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it +doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout. + +=item No output file after > or >> on command line + +(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line +redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't +find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout. + +=item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our" + +(F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our" +declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing +semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions. + +=item No Perl script found in input + +(F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning +with #! and containing the word "perl". + +=item No setregid available + +(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for +your system. + +=item No setreuid available + +(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for +your system. + +=item No %s specified for -%c + +(F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but +you haven't specified one. + +=item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s + +(F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable +but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated +package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma. + +=item No such class %s + +(F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration, but +this class doesn't exist at this point in your program. + +=item No such hook: %s + +(F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl. Currently, Perl +accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks + +=item No such pipe open + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to +close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught +earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle. + +=item No such signal: SIG%s + +(W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was +not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal +names on your system. + +=item Not a CODE reference + +(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a +subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can +use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See +also L<perlref>. + +=item Not a format reference + +(F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous +format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist. + +=item Not a GLOB reference + +(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a +symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to +something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what +kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. + +=item Not a HASH reference + +(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a +reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to +find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. + +=item Not an ARRAY reference + +(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found +a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function +to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. + +=item Not a perl script + +(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line +even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must +mention perl. + +=item Not a SCALAR reference + +(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found +a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function +to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. + +=item Not a subroutine reference + +(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a +subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can +use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See +also L<perlref>. + +=item Not a subroutine reference in overload table + +(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that +doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. + +=item Not enough arguments for %s + +(F) The function requires more arguments than you specified. + +=item Not enough format arguments + +(W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line +supplied. See L<perlform>. + +=item %s: not found + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead +of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl +yourself. + +=item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC + +(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local +timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent +to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name +F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which +need to be added to UTC to get local time. + +=item Non-string passed as bitmask + +(W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select(). +Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for +select. See L<perlfunc/select> + +=item Null filename used + +(F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many +machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>. + +=item NULL OP IN RUN + +(P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode +pointer. + +=item Null picture in formline + +(F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture +specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you +supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>. + +=item Null realloc + +(P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL. + +=item NULL regexp argument + +(P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time. + +=item NULL regexp parameter + +(P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd. + +=item Number too long + +(F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to +about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future +versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In +the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of +"1_000_000"). + +=item Octal number in vector unsupported + +(F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors. +The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a +future version. + +=item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable + +(W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 +(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See +L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. + +See also L<perlport> for writing portable code. + +=item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant + +(W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of +arguments. The arguments should come in pairs. + +=item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash + +(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, +which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. + +=item Odd number of elements in hash assignment + +(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, +which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. + +=item Offset outside string + +(F, W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation +with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to +imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will +take place when going past the end of the string when either +C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened +for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour +with real files). + +=item %s() on unopened %s + +(W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was +never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket() +call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package. + +=item -%s on unopened filehandle %s + +(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle +that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>. + +=item oops: oopsAV + +(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. + +=item oops: oopsHV + +(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. + +=item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file + +(W io deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to +a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. +Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing +and is deprecated. + +=item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory + +(W io deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to +a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. +Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing +and is deprecated. + +=item Operation "%s": no method found, %s + +(F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no +handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms +of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless +C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>. + +=item Operator or semicolon missing before %s + +(S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser +was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to +use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For +example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said +"*foo * 'foo'". + +=item "our" variable %s redeclared + +(W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before +in the current lexical scope. + +=item Out of memory! + +(X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient +remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has +no option but to exit immediately. + +At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your +process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and +C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check +the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a> +and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively. + +=item Out of memory during %s extend + +(X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond +the largest possible memory allocation. + +=item Out of memory during "large" request for %s + +(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient +remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However, +the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a +possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted. + +=item Out of memory during request for %s + +(X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was +insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the +request. + +The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it +depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable. +However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an +emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error +is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file +where the failed request happened. + +=item Out of memory during ridiculously large request + +(F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error +is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., +C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>. + +=item Out of memory for yacc stack + +(F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue +parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or +otherwise. + +=item '.' outside of string in pack + +(F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working +position to before the start of the packed string being built. + +=item '@' outside of string in unpack + +(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside +the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack + +(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside +the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid +UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s + +(W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a +package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself +some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a +mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>. + +=item pack/unpack repeat count overflow + +(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your +signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item page overflow + +(W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a +page. See L<perlform>. + +=item panic: %s + +(P) An internal error. + +=item panic: attempt to call %s in %s + +(P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls +an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this +platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to +enter this branch on this platform. + +=item panic: ck_grep + +(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep. + +=item panic: ck_split + +(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split. + +=item panic: corrupt saved stack index + +(P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than +there are in the savestack. + +=item panic: del_backref + +(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak +reference. + +=item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return + +(P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL), +last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from +an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is +a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed. + +=item panic: die %s + +(P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered +it wasn't an eval context. + +=item panic: do_subst + +(P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational +data. + +=item panic: do_trans_%s + +(P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational +data. + +=item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d + +(P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval> +failure was caught. + +=item panic: frexp + +(P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible. + +=item panic: goto + +(P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label, +and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in. + +=item panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash + +(P) The internal routine used to clear a hashes entries tried repeatedly, +but each time something added more entries to the hash. Most likely the hash +contains an object with a reference back to the hash and a destructor that +adds a new object to the hash. + +=item panic: INTERPCASEMOD + +(P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier. + +=item panic: INTERPCONCAT + +(P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets. + +=item panic: kid popen errno read + +(F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno. + +=item panic: last + +(P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered +it wasn't a block context. + +=item panic: leave_scope clearsv + +(P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the +scope. + +=item panic: leave_scope inconsistency + +(P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an +invalid enum on the top of it. + +=item panic: magic_killbackrefs + +(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak +references to an object. + +=item panic: malloc + +(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc. + +=item panic: memory wrap + +(P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible. + +=item panic: pad_alloc + +(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating +and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. + +=item panic: pad_free curpad + +(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating +and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. + +=item panic: pad_free po + +(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. + +=item panic: pad_reset curpad + +(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating +and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. + +=item panic: pad_sv po + +(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. + +=item panic: pad_swipe curpad + +(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating +and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. + +=item panic: pad_swipe po + +(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. + +=item panic: pp_iter + +(P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame. + +=item panic: pp_match%s + +(P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational +data. + +=item panic: pp_split + +(P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split. + +=item panic: realloc + +(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc. + +=item panic: restartop + +(P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and +didn't supply the destination. + +=item panic: return + +(P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and +then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context. + +=item panic: scan_num + +(P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number. + +=item panic: sv_chop %s + +(P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the +scalar's string buffer. + +=item panic: sv_insert + +(P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there +was string. + +=item panic: top_env + +(P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that. + +=item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called + +(P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted +at run time. + +=item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen + +(P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed +to even) byte length. + +=item panic: yylex + +(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier. + +=item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without +consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before the +nesting limit is exceeded. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Parentheses missing around "%s" list + +(W parenthesis) You said something like + + my $foo, $bar = @_; + +when you meant + + my ($foo, $bar) = @_; + +Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma. + +=item C<-p> destination: %s + +(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p> +command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've +redirected it with select().) + +=item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?) + +(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message +"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means +that a method requires a package that has not been loaded. + +=item Perl_my_%s() not available + +(F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, +so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order +conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the +'<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped + +(F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more +recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since +you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>. + +=item PERL_SH_DIR too long + +(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the +C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>. + +=item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s" + +See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values. + +=item perl: warning: Setting locale failed. + +(S) The whole warning message will look something like: + + perl: warning: Setting locale failed. + perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: + LC_ALL = "En_US", + LANG = (unset) + are supported and installed on your system. + perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). + +Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the +settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value. +This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating +system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called +locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not +dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that +Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix +the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time +you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in +L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>. + +=item Permission denied + +(F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good. + +=item pid %x not a child + +(W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a +process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is +fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended. + +=item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack + +(F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*". + +=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script + +(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name, +which provides a race condition that breaks security. + +=item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE +shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. +Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix +the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>, +not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>. + +=item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument + +(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike +the BSD version, which takes a pid. + +=item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go +I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example: +/[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently +implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will +cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about +where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax +beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions. +If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular +expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the +backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression +about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning +with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you +need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression +character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[=" +and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the +problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list + +(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal +strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as +literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the +parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.) + +You probably wrote something like this: + + @list = qw( + a # a comment + b # another comment + ); + +when you should have written this: + + @list = qw( + a + b + ); + +If you really want comments, build your list the +old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas: + + @list = ( + 'a', # a comment + 'b', # another comment + ); + +=item Possible attempt to separate words with commas + +(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore +commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used +different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also +frequently used.) + +You probably wrote something like this: + + qw! a, b, c !; + +which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without +commas if you don't want them to appear in your data: + + qw! a b c !; + +=item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument + +(F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for. +Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the +end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and +Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>. + +=item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator + +(W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction +with a numeric comparison operator, like this : + + if ($x & $y == 0) { ... } + +This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the +higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you +really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the +parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>). + +=item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string + +(W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string +but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a +literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened +to the array you apparently lost track of. + +=item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead + +(D deprecated) You have written something like this: + + sub doit + { + use attrs qw(locked); + } + +You should use the new declaration syntax instead. + + sub doit : locked + { + ... + +The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for +backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">. + +=item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s) + +(S precedence) The old irregular construct + + open FOO || die; + +is now misinterpreted as + + open(FOO || die); + +because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and +list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put +parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead +of "||". + +=item Premature end of script headers + +See Server error. + +=item printf() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime +before now. Check your control flow. + +=item print() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime +before now. Check your control flow. + +=item Process terminated by SIG%s + +(W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix +applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2 +port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see +L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" +in L<perlos2>. + +=item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s + +(S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been +declared or defined with a different function prototype. + +=item Prototype not terminated + +(F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype +definition. + +=item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you +meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about +where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the +{min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where +the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where +it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the +quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match +"abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is +C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Range iterator outside integer range + +(F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".." +are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally. +One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment +by prepending "0" to your numbers. + +=item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s + +(W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really +a dirhandle. Check your control flow. + +=item readline() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime +before now. Check your control flow. + +=item read() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. + +=item read() on unopened filehandle %s + +(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. + +=item Reallocation too large: %lx + +(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. + +=item realloc() of freed memory ignored + +(S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had +already been freed. + +=item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch + +(F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce +the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead, +which is why it's currently left out of your copy. + +=item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s' + +(F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl +believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a +crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth. + +=item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s + +(F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking +a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance +hierarchy. + +=item Reference found where even-sized list expected + +(W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list +with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually +means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use +parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>. + + %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG + %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG + %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right + %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine + +=item Reference is already weak + +(W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak. +Doing so has no effect. + +=item Reference miscount in sv_replace() + +(W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with +a reference count of other than 1. + +=item Reference to invalid group 0 + +(F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer to +capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers (normal +backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative +backreferences), but using 0 does not make sense. + +=item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are +not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you +wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression, +prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07> + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there are +not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the expression before +where the C<\g{-7}> was located. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular +expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses such +as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<(?<NAME>...). Check if the name has been spelled +correctly both in the backreference and the declaration. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The +most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside +of the C<....> part. + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. + +=item regexp memory corruption + +(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular +expression compiler gave it. + +=item Regexp out of space + +(P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it +earlier. + +=item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible) + +(F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a +numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never +terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>. + +=item Reversed %s= operator + +(W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must +always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators. + +=item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s + +(W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed or not +really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. + +=item Runaway format + +(F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it +produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the +199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust +themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by +shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>. + +=item Scalars leaked: %d + +(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars: +not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited. +What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad, +especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running. + +=item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] + +(W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a +single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar +value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always +behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its +argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it, +and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things +if you're expecting only one subscript. + +On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array +element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because +Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See +L<perlref>. + +=item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s} + +(W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single +element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value +(indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves +like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its +argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it, +and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things +if you're expecting only one subscript. + +On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element +as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will +not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See +L<perlref>. + +=item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl + +(F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid +or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense. + +=item Search pattern not terminated + +(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{} +construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. +Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error. + +Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or> +construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written +in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be +misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern. + +=item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern + +(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?> +construct. + +The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in +C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly +parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around +the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>. + +=item %sseek() on unopened filehandle + +(W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a +filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed. + +=item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s + +(W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not +really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. + +=item select not implemented + +(F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call. + +=item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported + +(F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in +the current implementation. + +=item Semicolon seems to be missing + +(W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing +semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma. + +=item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string + +(S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a +scalar that had previously been marked as free. + +=item sem%s not implemented + +(F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system. + +=item send() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime +before now. Check your control flow. + +=item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE +shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See +L<perlre>. + +=item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but +has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about +where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The +<-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Sequence \\%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape +sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written. + +=item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing +parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in +the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See +L<perlre>. + +=item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance +for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in +the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See +L<perlre>. + +=item 500 Server error + +See Server error. + +=item Server error + +This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying +to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text +varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants +are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document +contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not +produce a valid header". + +B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>. + +You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the +user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user +account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables +(like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a +location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less. +Please see the following for more information: + + http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html + http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html + http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/ + +You should also look at L<perlfaq9>. + +=item setegid() not implemented + +(F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't +support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure +didn't think so. + +=item seteuid() not implemented + +(F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't +support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure +didn't think so. + +=item setpgrp can't take arguments + +(F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no +arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process +group ID. + +=item setrgid() not implemented + +(F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't +support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure +didn't think so. + +=item setruid() not implemented + +(F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't +support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure +didn't think so. + +=item setsockopt() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you +forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See +L<perlfunc/setsockopt>. + +=item Setuid/gid script is writable by world + +(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the +world, because the world might have written on it already. + +=item Setuid script not plain file + +(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file, +but from a socket, a pipe or another device. + +=item shm%s not implemented + +(F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system. + +=item !=~ should be !~ + +(W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be +interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement) +operators: probably not what you intended. + +=item <> should be quotes + +(F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written +C<require 'file'>. + +=item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s" + +(W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string, +as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false +result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is +probably not what you had in mind. + +=item shutdown() on closed socket %s + +(W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit +superfluous. + +=item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined + +(W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. +Perhaps you put it into the wrong package? + +=item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation + +(F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not +overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure for +the smart match. + +=item sort is now a reserved word + +(F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore. +But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle. + +=item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value + +(F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew +it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly. +See L<perlfunc/sort>. + +=item Sort subroutine didn't return single value + +(F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more +or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>. + +=item splice() offset past end of array + +(W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of +the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end +of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try +explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See +L<perlfunc/splice>. + +=item Split loop + +(P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't +iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what +happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>. + +=item Statement unlikely to be reached + +(W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a +die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns +unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() +instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in +a block by itself. + +=item stat() on unopened filehandle %s + +(W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that +was either never opened or has since been closed. + +=item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" + +(P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation +stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to +C<can> may break this. + +=item Subroutine %s redefined + +(W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say + + { + no warnings 'redefine'; + eval "sub name { ... }"; + } + +=item Substitution loop + +(P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution +shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which +is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in +L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">. + +=item Substitution pattern not terminated + +(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} +construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. +Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. + +=item Substitution replacement not terminated + +(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} +construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. +Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. + +=item substr outside of string + +(W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of +a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the +length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if +substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an +assignment or as a subroutine argument for example). + +=item suidperl is no longer needed since %s + +(F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but +a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway. + +=item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d + +(P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually +inferior to its current type. + +=item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two +branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to +contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in +clustering parentheses: + + (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause) + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a +number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression +about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item switching effective %s is not implemented + +(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real +and effective uids or gids. + +=item %s syntax + +(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds. + +=item syntax error + +(F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include: + + A keyword is misspelled. + A semicolon is missing. + A comma is missing. + An opening or closing parenthesis is missing. + An opening or closing brace is missing. + A closing quote is missing. + +Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax +error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.) +The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when +it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens +before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input. +Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon +the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call +C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see +if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 +questions>. + +=item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead +of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl +yourself. + +=item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s" + +(F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through +a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict" +or "my $var" or "our $var". + +=item sysread() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. + +=item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s + +(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. + +=item System V %s is not implemented on this machine + +(F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem", +"shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your +machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be +unconfigured. Consult your system support. + +=item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime +before now. Check your control flow. + +=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles + +(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't +know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead. + +=item Target of goto is too deeply nested + +(F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested +for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing. + +=item tell() on unopened filehandle + +(W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that +was either never opened or has since been closed. + +=item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s + +(W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really +a dirhandle. Check your control flow. + +=item That use of $[ is unsupported + +(F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted +as a compiler directive. You may say only one of + + $[ = 0; + $[ = 1; + ... + local $[ = 0; + local $[ = 1; + ... + +This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out +from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>. + +=item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia + +(F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine, +probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they +think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they +will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I +will deny it. + +=item The %s function is unimplemented + +The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according +to the probings of Configure. + +=item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat + +(F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic +linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went +past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename +instead. + +=item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables + +(F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations. + +=item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s) + +=item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s) + +(W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an +element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl +wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll +need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine +F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the +target of the change to +%ENV which produced the warning. + +=item thread failed to start: %s + +(W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason. + +=item times not implemented + +(F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I +suspect you're not running on Unix. + +=item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line + +(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the +B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line. +This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a +script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment. +So Perl gives up. + +If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #! +mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by +editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first +argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>. + +If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the +B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>. + +=item To%s: illegal mapping '%s' + +(F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst, +uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you +specified an illegal mapping. +See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">. + +=item Too deeply nested ()-groups + +(F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level. + +=item Too few args to syscall + +(F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the +system call to call, silly dilly. + +=item Too late for "-%s" option + +(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the +B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. + +In the case of B<-M> and B<-m>, this is an error because those options are +not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead. + +The B<-C> option only works if it is specified on the command line as well +(with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either specify +this option on the command line, or, if your system supports it, make your +script executable and run it directly instead of passing it to perl. + +=item Too late to run %s block + +(W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper, +when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are +loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use> +instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a +BEGIN block. + +=item Too many args to syscall + +(F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall(). + +=item Too many arguments for %s + +(F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified. + +=item Too many )'s + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. +Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. + +=item Too many ('s + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. +Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. + +=item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/ + +(F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. +Backslash it. See L<perlre>. + +=item Transliteration pattern not terminated + +(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][] +or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables +C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error. + +=item Transliteration replacement not terminated + +(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][], +y/// or y[][] construct. + +=item '%s' trapped by operation mask + +(F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's +disallowed. See L<Safe>. + +=item truncate not implemented + +(F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that +Configure knows about. + +=item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s) + +(F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a +certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be +%NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the +{EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>. + +=item umask not implemented + +(F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to +use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700). + +=item Unable to create sub named "%s" + +(F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name. + +=item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs + +(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how +many execution contexts were entered and left. + +=item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores + +(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how +many values were temporarily localized. + +=item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs + +(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how +many blocks were entered and left. + +=item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees + +(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how +many mortal scalars were allocated and freed. + +=item Undefined format "%s" called + +(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in +another package? See L<perlform>. + +=item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called + +(F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. +Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>. + +=item Undefined subroutine &%s called + +(F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has +since been undefined. + +=item Undefined subroutine called + +(F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined, +or if it was, it has since been undefined. + +=item Undefined subroutine in sort + +(F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem +to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>. + +=item Undefined top format "%s" called + +(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in +another package? See L<perlform>. + +=item Undefined value assigned to typeglob + +(W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la +C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean +C<undef *foo>. + +=item %s: Undefined variable + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. +Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. + +=item unexec of %s into %s failed! + +(F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF +representative, who probably put it there in the first place. + +=item Unicode character %s is illegal + +(W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by +the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know +what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>. + +=item Unknown BYTEORDER + +(F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte +order. + +=item Unknown open() mode '%s' + +(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list +of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>, +C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>. + +=item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s" + +(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O +system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and +internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>, +are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't +explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the +value of the environment variable PERLIO. + +=item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s + +(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before +iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of +data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to +subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes. + +=item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s) + +You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma. + +=item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct +is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition +is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the +condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the +condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number +matched). + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was +discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c' + +You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation +of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. + +=item Unknown Unicode option value %x + +You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation +of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. + +=item Unknown warnings category '%s' + +(F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings +category that is unknown to perl at this point. + +Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module +(e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module + +=item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier +after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review +L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns. + +first. + +=item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to +include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it +first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem +was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular +expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the +matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about +where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Unmatched right %s bracket + +(F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening +ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a +general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place +you were last editing. + +=item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word + +(W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a +reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it +somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a +subroutine. + +=item Unrecognized character %s in column %d + +(F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character +in your Perl script (or eval) at the specified column. Perhaps you tried +to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program. + +=item Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not +recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was +understood literally. +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the +escape was discovered. + +=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through + +(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not +recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally. + +=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not +recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally. +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the +escape was discovered. + +=item Unrecognized signal name "%s" + +(F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not +recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names +on your system. + +=item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options) + +(F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you +think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the +bad switch on your behalf.) + +=item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline + +(W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that +operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, +PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>. + +=item Unsupported directory function "%s" called + +(F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir(). + +=item Unsupported function %s + +(F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently. +At least, Configure doesn't think so. + +=item Unsupported function fork + +(F) Your version of executable does not support forking. + +Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors +of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try +changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on. + +=item Unsupported script encoding %s + +(F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which +declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read. + +=item Unsupported socket function "%s" called + +(F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at +least that's what Configure thought. + +=item Unterminated attribute list + +(F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the +start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a +block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous +attribute too soon. See L<attributes>. + +=item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list + +(F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing +an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis +character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash +character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>. + +=item Unterminated compressed integer + +(F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER +compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer. +See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate +the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. + +=item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate +the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. + +=item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You missed a close brace on a \g{..} pattern (group reference) in +a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry. + +=item Unterminated <> operator + +(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting +a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and +not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out +earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". + +=item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist + +(W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was +still valid when C<untie> was called. + +=item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s) + +(F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. +See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information. + +=item Usage: Win32::%s(%s) + +(F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. +See L<Win32> for more information. + +=item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no +meaning unless removed from the entire regexp: + + if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... } + +must be written as + + if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... } + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about +where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Useless localization of %s + +(W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is +legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at +some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged. + +=item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no +meaning unless applied to the entire regexp: + + if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... } + +must be written as + + if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... } + +The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about +where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. + +=item Useless use of %s in void context + +(W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does +nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a +value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very +often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl +to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd +get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and +said + + $one, $two = 1, 2; + +when you meant to say + + ($one, $two) = (1, 2); + +Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list +reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for +example, if you say + + $array = (1,2); + +when you should have said + + $array = [1,2]; + +The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value, +while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in +a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which +throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See +L<perlref> for more on this. + +This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1 +since they are often used in statements like + + 1 while sub_with_side_effects(); + +String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned +about. + +=item Useless use of "re" pragma + +(W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful. + +=item Useless use of sort in scalar context + +(W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in : + + my $x = sort @y; + +This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away. + +=item Useless use of %s with no values + +(W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments +apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't +usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's +possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect +if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so, +you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning. + +=item "use" not allowed in expression + +(F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and +returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. + +=item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated + +(D deprecated, W syntax) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted +form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document. + +=item Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated + +(D deprecated, W syntax) The values you give to a format should be +separated by commas, not just aligned on a line. + +=item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated + +(D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to +$ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this +behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they +will simply fail. + +Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not +blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory. + +=item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s/// + +(W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c +modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions. + +=item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g + +(W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't +use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is +used. (This may change in the future.) + +=item Use of freed value in iteration + +(F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? +This error is typically caused by code like the following: + + @a = (3,4); + @a = () for (1,2,@a); + +You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over. +For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full +reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the +middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value. + +=item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated + +(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form +to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob. + +=item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split + +(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split> +operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern +repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect. + +=item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated + +(D deprecated, W syntax) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you +clobber a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results +of a split() explicitly to an array (or list). + +=item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated + +(D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines +are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the +subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. +C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<< +$obj->bar() >>). + +This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for +methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing +code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl +currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited +C<AUTOLOAD>s. + +The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading +non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used +to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class +named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during +startup. + +In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);> +you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to +C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>. + +=item Use of %s in printf format not supported + +(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from +only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl. + +=item Use of %s is deprecated + +(D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, +generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the +old way has bad side effects. + +=item Use of -l on filehandle %s + +(W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file +it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for. +The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead. + +=item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated + +(D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package +name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many +otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;> +instead. + +=item Use of reference "%s" as array index + +(W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably +isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend +to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error. + +If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so: +C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects, +either, because you can overload the numification and stringification +operators and then you assumably know what you are doing. + +=item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated + +(D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future +versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either +explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of +use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be +suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using +a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>. + +=item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated + +(W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple +arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed +but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your +arguments. See L<perlsec>. + +=item Use of uninitialized value%s + +(W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already +defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. +To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables. + +To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the +name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot +do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value +in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation +displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your +program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that " +. $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator, +even though there is no C<.> in your program. + +=item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated + +(D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in +C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 +used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will +be removed in a future version. + +=item Using an array as a reference is deprecated + +(D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in +C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to +allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be +removed in a future version. + +=item UTF-16 surrogate %s + +(W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by +requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and +0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of +UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl +encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal +character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off +this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>. + +=item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined() + +(W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), +C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs +can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression +false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these +constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the +C<defined> operator. + +=item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long + +(W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an +%ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string +longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to +1024 characters. + +=item Variable "%s" is not available + +(W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is +attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available. +This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be +declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created. +(Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous +subs are created at run-time.) For example, + + sub { my $a; sub f { $a } } + +At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a, +since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, +the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by +now been created and is live: + + sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->(); + +The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has +gone out of scope, for example, + + sub f { + my $a; + sub { eval '$a' } + } + f()->(); + +Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being +executed, so its $a is not available for capture. + +=item Variable "%s" is not imported%s + +(F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that +you apparently thought was imported from another module, because +something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by +that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the +front of your variable. + +=item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/ + +(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and +known at compile time. See L<perlre>. + +=item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s + +(W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the current +scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous +instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the +earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until +all closure referents to it are destroyed. + +=item Variable syntax + +(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead +of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into +Perl yourself. + +=item Variable "%s" will not stay shared + +(W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a +lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine. + +When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of +the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first* +call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the +outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no +longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the +variable will no longer be shared. + +This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine +anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that +reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they +are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables. + +=item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an argument +or check that you are using the right verb. + +=item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ + +(F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the +argument or check that you are using the right verb. + +=item Version number must be a constant number + +(P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into +its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with +the version number. + +=item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s' + +(W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which +are being ignored. + +=item Warning: something's wrong + +(W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or +you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty. + +=item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly + +(S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on +the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk +space. + +=item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous + +(S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that +looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a +term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand +function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write + + rand + 5; + +you may THINK you wrote the same thing as + + rand() + 5; + +but in actual fact, you got + + rand(+5); + +So put in parentheses to say what you really mean. + +=item Wide character in %s + +(S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting +one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest +way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the +output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the +warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to +cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the +filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>. + +=item Within []-length '%c' not allowed + +(F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if +C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be +determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an +of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template. + +=item write() on closed filehandle %s + +(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime +before now. Check your control flow. + +=item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode + +When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything +into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in +this encoding, for example + + utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode + +if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8. + +=item 'X' outside of string + +(F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before +the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item 'x' outside of string in unpack + +(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after +the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. + +=item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET! + +(F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the +sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip +about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around +your script. + +=item You need to quote "%s" + +(W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. +Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared, +which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the +assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS +what you want, put an & in front.) + +=item Your random numbers are not that random + +(F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could +not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates +Something Very Wrong. + +=back + +=head1 SEE ALSO + +L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>. + +=cut |