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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2005-12-29 00:34:36 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2005-12-29 00:34:36 +0000 |
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tree | c710ef0b82f65ae0f818e6ea8f10c2f40f2decf3 /Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-403.html | |
parent | 2293d6885b754133151c14be7e01ad81baf0afbf (diff) |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-403.html b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-403.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0f74a6048f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/latex2e-html/ltx-403.html @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +<html> +<head> +<title>Delimiters</title> +</head> +<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000099" vlink="#cc0000" alink="#cc0000"> +<h1><font size="-2">Hypertext Help with LaTeX</font><br><font color="#cc0000">Delimiters</font></h1> +Delimiters are objects which act logically like parentheses. These can +be used only in math mode. +<p> +The delimiters recognized by LaTeX include +<ul> +<li><tt>(</tt> (left parenthesis) +<li><tt>)</tt> (right parenthesis) +<li><tt>[</tt> (left bracket) +<li><tt>]</tt> (right bracket) +<li><tt>\{</tt> (left brace) +<li><tt>\}</tt> (right brace) +<li><tt>|</tt> (vertical line) +<li><tt>\vert</tt> (vertical line) +<li><tt>\|</tt> (double vertical lines) +<li><tt>\Vert</tt> (double vertical lines) +<li><tt>/</tt> (slash) +<li><tt><a href="ltx-164.html">\backslash</a></tt> (backslash) +<li><tt>\langle</tt> (left angle bracket) +<li><tt>\rangle</tt> (right angle bracket) +<li><tt>\uparrow</tt> (uparrow) +<li><tt>\downarrow</tt> (down arrow) +<li><tt>\updownarrow</tt> (up/down arrow) +</ul> + +<h2><a name="big">Making delimiters the right size</a></h2> +Delimiters in formulas should be big enough to "fit" around the formulas +they delimit (for example arround arrays). +To obtain "stretchable" delimiters (LaTeX makes them the +appropriate size) type a <tt>\left</tt> or <tt>\right</tt> command before +the delimiter. <tt>\left</tt> and <tt>\right</tt> commands must come in +matching pairs, although the delimiters themselves need not be the same. +Thus, <pre> \left \{ ... \right \[ </pre> produces a legal pair. +In cases where only one delimiter is desired, it +is possible to make the matching delimiter "invisible" by typing a +period (<tt>.</tt>) after the command, i.e., +<tt>\left.</tt> or <tt>\right.</tt>. +<p> +In an <a href="ltx-223.html">eqnarray environment</a> the matching <tt>\left</tt> +and <tt>\right</tt> cannot be split between lines and it may be necessary to +use an "invisible" <tt>\right.</tt> and <tt>\left.</tt> to terminate and +begin parts on different lines. In this case a second problem may arise, +since the size of the delimiters will be chosen only for the +<strong>local part</strong>, so that the size of the <strong>visible</strong> +"left" and "right" delimiters might not match. +The solution is to trick LaTeX into thinking +that both parts have the same vertical height. This can be done by placing +a strut, that is a zero-width <a href="ltx-306.html"><tt>\rule</tt></a>. It +can also be accomplished with the <tt>\vphantom</tt> command, which I have +not found documented, but which appears to work. +<p> +<pre><tt>\vphantom{construct}</tt></pre> +creates a zero-width object with the height of <tt>construct</tt>. The +argument can contain things such as <a href="ltx-235.html"><tt>\frac</tt></a> +or the <a href="ltx-408.html">variable size math symbols</a> and should +be chosen according to what is in the section with the delimiter you want to match. + +<h2>Some examples</h2> +<h3>A six-j symbol</h3> +<pre> + <tt>\[ \left<a href="ltx-164.html">\{</a> + \begin{<a href="ltx-202.html">array</a>}{ccc} + a & b & c <a href="ltx-181.html">\\</a> + d & e & f \end{array} + \right<a href="ltx-164.html">\}</a> \]</tt> +</pre> +This should be displayed something like (insofar as it can be rendered in +"ascii art"): +<pre> + ( a b c ) + - - + ( d e f ) +</pre> +Note that the <tt>\[ ... \]</tt> set this off as <a href="ltx-421.html"> +Display Math</a>, and that the <a href="ltx-202.html">Array Environment</a> +is used to generate the three centered columns inside the braces. +<h3>A "multiple choice" equation</h3> +<pre> + <tt>\[ f(x) = + \left\{ \begin{array}{l} + 0, x < 0 \\ 1, x = 0 \\ + 2, x > 0 \end{array} \right. \]</tt> +</pre> +will be displayed as +<pre> +<tt> ( 0, x < 0 + f(x) = - 1, x = 0 + ( 2, x > 0</tt> +</pre> +Note that the "invisible" <tt>\right</tt> delimiter is specified using +a "period". +<hr> +See also: +See also <a href="ltx-115.html">Math Formulas</a>, + <a href="ltx-117.html">Math Symbols</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="ltx-404.html">Binary and relational operators</a> +<li><a href="ltx-115.html">Math formulas</a>, +<li><a href="ltx-202.html">Arrays</a> +<li><a href="ltx-406.html">Arrows</a> +<li><a href="ltx-408.html">Variable size symbols (sums, integrals, etc.)</a> +</ul> +<hr> +Back to the <a href="ltx-2.html">LaTeX Table of Contents</a> +<hr> +<address> +Revised: Sheldon Green, 28 Nov 1995. +</address> +</body> +</html> + |