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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2009-05-22 23:51:44 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2009-05-22 23:51:44 +0000
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-<head>
-<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label limits</title>
-</head><body>
-<h3>Sub- and superscript positioning for operators</h3>
-<p/>The commonest hand-written style for expressions is to place the limit
-expressions on operators such as <code>\</code><code>sum</code> and <code>\</code><code>int</code> physically
-above and below the operator. In (La)TeX, we write these limit
-expressions using sub- and superscripts applied to the operator, but
-they don&rsquo;t always appear in the &ldquo;handwritten&rdquo; way in TeX&rsquo;s
-output.
-<p/>The reason is, that when an expression appears in non-display maths,
-in running text (and is therefore in TeX <code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>), placing
-the limits thus could lead to ragged line spacing (and hence
-difficult-to-read text). It is therefore common (in <code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>)
-to place the limits as one would sub- and superscripts of variables.
-<p/>This is not universally satisfactory, so the primitive <code>\</code><code>limits</code> is
-provided:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-$\sum\limits_{n=1}^{m} ...$
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-which will place the limits right above and below the symbol (and be
-blowed to the typography...).
-<p/>Contrariwise, you may wish to change the arrangement of the limits
-when in <code>\</code><code>displaystyle</code>. For this purpose, there&rsquo;s a corresponding
-<code>\</code><code>nolimits</code>:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-\[\sum\nolimits_{n=1}^{m} ...\]
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-which will place the limits as they would be in <code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>.
-<p/>Alternatively, one can manipulate the
-<code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>/<code>\</code><code>displaystyle</code> state of the mathematics. To get
-&ldquo;<code>\</code><code>limits</code> placement&rdquo; in inline maths,
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{m} ...$
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-and for &ldquo;<code>\</code><code>nolimits</code> placement&rdquo; in display maths,
-<code>\</code><code>nolimits</code>:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-\[\textstyle\sum_{n=1}^{m} ...\]
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-will serve. Either of these forms may have effects other than on the
-operator you&rsquo;re considering, but there are still those who prefer this
-formulation.
-<p/>Remember, if you&rsquo;re
-<a href="FAQ-newfunction.html">declaring a special operator of your own</a>, the
-AMSLaTeX functions (that you ought to be using) allow you to choose
-how limits are displayed, at definition time.
-<p/>(Note that the macro <code>\</code><code>int</code> normally has <code>\</code><code>nolimits</code> built in to
-its definition. There is an example in the TeXbook to show how odd
-<code>\</code><code>int</code><code>\</code><code>limits</code> looks when typeset.)
-<p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=limits">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=limits</a>
-</body>