trunk/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@621 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

14 files changed, 3944 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/fontchart.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/fontchart.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6acc6211551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/fontchart.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+% make a (fairly large) font chart
+
+\newlinechar=`@
+\message{@Name of the font to chart = }
+\read-1 to \fontname
+
+\font\f=\fontname at .75in
+\f
+
+% Here's the best way I know to discover character height and depth
+% when they are possibly negative.
+\fontdimen5\f=-10000pt % a new (rather small) xheight
+\textfont0=\f
+\newdimen\h \newdimen\d % will be set to the character's height, depth
+\def\htdp#1{\setbox0=\hbox{\char#1}\h=-\ht0
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\accent#1\char#1}\advance\h\ht0 \advance\h-10000pt
+ \setbox0=\null \wd0=-10000pt % in case the character has a charlist!
+ \setbox0=\hbox{$\mathaccent#1{\box0}$}%
+ \d=\ht0 \advance\d-10000pt \advance\d-\h}
+
+% (By the way, my previous best was this:
+% \textfont15=\f % use family "F
+% \fontdimen8\tenex=0pt % set defaultrulethickness zero
+% \setbox1=\null \ht1=-10000pt \setbox2=\null \dp3=-10000pt
+% \newdimen\d \newdimen\h \newcount\n
+% \n=#1 \advance\n"F00
+% \setbox0=\hbox{$\radical\n{\copy1}$}
+% \d=\dp0 \advance\d-5000pt \advance\d\d %\showthe\d
+% \setbox0=\hbox{$\radical\n{\copy2}$}
+% \h=\ht0 \advance\h-5000pt \advance\h-.5\d
+% \ifdim\h>0pt \h=.5\h \fi
+% ....very tricky! But it works only when height+depth is positive.)
+
+\tracinglostchars=0
+\nopagenumbers
+
+\def\testrow#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{\penalty1\def\\{\char'#1#2}%
+ \\0\\1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\global\chardef\p=\lastpenalty}} % p=1 if none there
+
+\raggedbottom
+\baselineskip=1in
+\topskip=.75in
+\newdimen\w \w=.75in
+\headline={\vtop{\hbox{\tt\fontname\unskip, page \folio\hfil}
+  \kern-.75in\unitsdigits}\hss}
+\footline={\unitsdigits\hss}
+\def\unitsdigits{\hbox{\kern.3in \tt
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 0\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 1\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 2\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 3\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 4\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 5\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 6\hss}%
+ \hbox to\w{\ \ 7\hss}}}
+
+\def\row#1#2{\testrow#1#2%
+\ifnum\p=0\hbox{\hbox to.3in{\tt#1#2\hfil}%
+ \mod#1#20\mod#1#21\mod#1#22\mod#1#23\mod#1#24\mod#1#25\mod#1#26\mod#1#27%
+ \hbox to.3in{\tt\hfil#1#2}}\fi}
+
+\newdimen\pixel \pixel=.00333333in
+\def\mod#1#2#3{\chardef\c='#1#2#3 \htdp\c
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\penalty1\c\global\chardef\p=\lastpenalty}%
+ \ifnum\p=1 \hbox to\w{}\else
+ \setbox2=\hbox{\c\/}%
+ \hbox to\w{\kern-\pixel \vrule width\pixel height\h depth\d
+  \copy\leftbox\copy0\copy\rightbox
+  \vrule width\pixel height\h depth\d \kern-\pixel \kern-\wd0
+  \raise\h\vbox{\hrule height\pixel width\wd0}\kern-\wd0
+  \lower\d\vbox{\hrule height0pt depth\pixel width\wd0}\kern-\wd0
+  \ifdim\wd2>\wd0 \kern\wd2\raise\h\copy\icbox \fi
+  \hss}\fi}
+
+\newbox\leftbox % marking the baseline at the left
+\setbox\leftbox=\hbox{\kern-\pixel\vrule width\pixel height4pt
+  \vrule height0pt depth\pixel width4pt \kern-4pt}
+\newbox\rightbox % marking the baseline at the right
+\setbox\rightbox=\hbox{\kern-4pt\vrule height0pt depth\pixel width4pt
+  \vrule width\pixel height4pt \kern-\pixel}
+\newbox\icbox % the mark of an italic correction
+\setbox\icbox=\hbox{\kern-4pt\vrule height\pixel width4pt depth0pt
+  \vrule width\pixel depth4pt}
+
+\row00 \row01 \row02 \row03 \row04 \row05 \row06 \row07
+\row10 \row11 \row12 \row13 \row14 \row15 \row16 \row17
+\row20 \row21 \row22 \row23 \row24 \row25 \row26 \row27
+\row30 \row31 \row32 \row33 \row34 \row35 \row36 \row37
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/gkpmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/gkpmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cdcd7b9c087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/gkpmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+\tracingpages=1 % TEMPORARY!
+% Macros for `Concrete Mathematics'
+\ifx\gkpmac\fmtversion\endinput\else\let\gkpmac=\fmtversion\fi
+
+% Fonts for regular text
+
+\font\textrm=ccr10		% roman
+\font\textit=ccti10		% italic (emphasis)
+\font\textsl=ccsl10		% slanted (titles)
+\font\textbf=cmbx10			% bold
+\font\textcsc=cccsc10		% caps and small caps
+\font\oldsty=ccmi10		% equation numbers
+
+% Fonts for regular math
+% I'm setting \fontdimen2 to zero because AMS forgot to do it;
+% they may have fixed the problem in the meantime, but no harm is done
+
+\font\mathtext=ccr10
+ \font\mathsubtext=ccr7
+ \font\mathsubsubtext=ccr5
+\font\mathlet=eurm10 \fontdimen2\mathlet=0pt
+ \font\mathsublet=eurm7  \fontdimen2\mathsublet=0pt
+ \font\mathsubsublet=eurm5 \fontdimen2\mathsubsublet=0pt
+ \skewchar\mathlet='177 \skewchar\mathsublet='177 \skewchar\mathsubsublet='177
+\font\mathsym=cmsy10
+ \font\mathsubsym=cmsy7
+ \font\mathsubsubsym=cmsy5
+ \skewchar\mathsym='60 \skewchar\mathsubsym='60 \skewchar\mathsubsubsym='60
+\font\mathext=cmex10
+ \font\mathsubext=cmex10
+ \font\mathsubsubext=cmex10
+\font\mathscr=euxm10\fontdimen2\mathscr=0pt
+ \font\mathsubscr=euxm7 \fontdimen2\mathsubscr=0pt
+ \font\mathsubsubscr=euxm5 \fontdimen2\mathsubsubscr=0pt
+ \skewchar\mathscr='60 \skewchar\mathsubscr='60 \skewchar\mathsubsubscr='60
+\font\mathfr=eufm10\fontdimen2\mathfr=0pt
+ \font\mathsubfr=eufm7 \fontdimen2\mathsubfr=0pt
+ \font\mathsubsubfr=eufm5 \fontdimen2\mathsubsubfr=0pt
+\font\matheuex=euex10\fontdimen2\matheuex=0pt
+
+\font\eulerbf=eurb10 \fontdimen2\eulerbf=0pt % not hooked in to these macros
+
+% Fonts for graffiti
+
+\font\gtext=ccslc9
+\font\goldstyle=ccmic9
+ \fontdimen3\gtext=0pt \fontdimen4\gtext=0pt % no stretch or shrink
+\font\gmathtext=ccr9
+ \font\gmathsubtext=ccr6
+ \font\gmathsubsubtext=ccr5
+\font\gmathlet=eurm10 scaled 900 \fontdimen2\gmathlet=0pt
+ \font\gmathsublet=eurm7 scaled 857 \fontdimen2\gmathsublet=0pt
+ \font\gmathsubsublet=eurm5 \fontdimen2\gmathsubsublet=0pt
+ \skewchar\gmathlet='177 \skewchar\gmathsublet='177
+   \skewchar\gmathsubsublet='177
+\font\gmathsym=cmsy9
+ \font\gmathsubsym=cmsy6
+ \font\gmathsubsubsym=cmsy5
+ \skewchar\gmathsym='60 \skewchar\gmathsubsym='60 \skewchar\gmathsubsubsym='60
+\font\gmathext=cmex9
+ \font\gmathsubext=cmex9
+ \font\gmathsubsubext=cmex9
+\font\gmathscr=euxm10 scaled 900 \fontdimen2\gmathscr=0pt
+ \font\gmathsubscr=euxm7 scaled 857 \fontdimen2\gmathsubscr=0pt
+ \font\gmathsubsubscr=euxm5 \fontdimen2\gmathsubsubscr=0pt
+ \skewchar\gmathscr='60 \skewchar\gmathsubscr='60 \skewchar\gmathsubsubscr='60
+\font\gmathfr=eufm10 scaled 900 \fontdimen2\gmathfr=0pt
+ \font\gmathsubfr=eufm7 scaled 857 \fontdimen2\gmathsubfr=0pt
+ \font\gmathsubsubfr=eufm5 \fontdimen2\gmathsubsubfr=0pt
+\font\gmatheuex=euex9 \fontdimen2\gmatheuex=0pt
+
+% Fonts for headings, etc.
+
+\font\chapfont=cmbxcd10 scaled 8000
+\font\title=cmbx10 scaled \magstep5
+\font\subtitle=cmbx10 scaled 1315 % that's magstep 1.5
+\font\subsubtitle=cmbxsl10
+\font\runhead=cmbx9
+\font\foliofont=cmr9
+\font\gtfont=cmmi9 % for the \t accent
+\font\ninesl=ccsl9 % used in the index only
+
+% Normal text conventions
+
+\catcode`@=11 % borrow the private macros of PLAIN (with care)
+\def\wlog#1{} % don't put allocation info into the log
+
+\hsize=28pc
+\vsize=45.25pc
+\parindent=20pt
+\baselineskip=13pt
+
+\let\sc=\textcsc
+\let\bf=\textbf
+\def\textindent#1{\noindent\hbox to\parindent{\bf#1\hfil}\ignorespaces}
+\def\exitem{\hangindent2\parindent \textindent}
+
+\textfont0=\mathtext
+ \scriptfont0=\mathsubtext
+ \scriptscriptfont0=\mathsubsubtext
+\textfont1=\mathlet \let\tfont=\teni
+ \scriptfont1=\mathsublet
+ \scriptscriptfont1=\mathsubsublet
+\textfont2=\mathsym
+ \scriptfont2=\mathsubsym
+ \scriptscriptfont2=\mathsubsubsym
+\textfont3=\mathext
+ \scriptfont3=\mathsubext
+ \scriptscriptfont3=\mathsubsubext
+\def\rm{\fam\z@\textrm}
+\def\it{\fam\itfam\textit} % \it is family 4, defined in PLAIN
+\def\sl{\textsl}
+\textfont\itfam=\textit
+\newfam\scrfam \ifnum\scrfam=8\relax\else\error\fi % family 8, script
+\textfont\scrfam=\mathscr
+ \scriptfont\scrfam=\mathsubscr
+ \scriptscriptfont\scrfam=\mathsubsubscr
+\def\scr{\fam8 }
+\mathcode`0="7130
+\mathcode`1="7131
+\mathcode`2="7132
+\mathcode`3="7133
+\mathcode`4="7134
+\mathcode`5="7135
+\mathcode`6="7136
+\mathcode`7="7137
+\mathcode`8="7138
+\mathcode`9="7139
+\newfam\frfam % family 9, fraktur
+\textfont\frfam=\mathfr
+ \scriptfont\frfam=\mathsubfr
+ \scriptscriptfont\frfam=\mathsubsubfr
+\def\frak{\fam9 }
+\newfam\euexfam % family 10, substitions for euler symbols
+\newfam\eqfam % family 11, cmr equal signs for Relbar (!)
+\font\teneq=cmr10 \textfont\eqfam=\teneq 
+\font\nineeq=cmr9
+% I'm not using Relbar except in 9&10pt, so this family is very incomplete...
+
+\mathchardef\intop="1A52
+\mathchardef\ointop="1A48
+\mathchardef\coprod="1A60
+\mathchardef\prod="1A51
+\mathchardef\sum="1A50
+\mathchardef\braceld="A7A \mathchardef\bracerd="A7B
+\mathchardef\bracelu="A7C \mathchardef\braceru="A7D
+\mathchardef\infty="0A31
+
+\mathchardef\nearrow="3A25
+\mathchardef\searrow="3A26
+\mathchardef\nwarrow="3A2D
+\mathchardef\swarrow="3A2E
+\mathchardef\Leftrightarrow="3A2C
+\mathchardef\Leftarrow="3A28
+\mathchardef\Rightarrow="3A29
+\mathchardef\leftrightarrow="3A24 \mathcode`\^^W="3A24
+\mathchardef\leftarrow="3A20 \let\gets=\leftarrow \mathcode`\^^X="3A20
+\mathchardef\rightarrow="3A21 \let\to=\rightarrow \mathcode`\^^Y="3A21
+\def\uparrow{\delimiter"3A22378 } \mathcode`\^^K="3A22
+\def\downarrow{\delimiter"3A23379 } \mathcode`\^^A="3A23
+\def\updownarrow{\delimiter"3A6C33F }
+\def\Uparrow{\delimiter"3A2A37E }
+\def\Downarrow{\delimiter"3A2B37F }
+\def\Updownarrow{\delimiter"3A6D377 }
+\mathchardef\leftharpoonup="3A18
+\mathchardef\leftharpoondown="3A19
+\mathchardef\rightharpoonup="3A1A
+\mathchardef\rightharpoondown="3A1B
+
+\textfont\euexfam=\matheuex
+\scriptfont\euexfam=\mathsubsym % this is OK since I don't use all characters
+% of euex in subscripts/superscripts; otherwise I'd have to make euex7 and euex6
+\scriptscriptfont\euexfam=\mathsubsym % only for \mathchoice, not really chosen
+\mathcode`+="292B
+\mathcode`-="292D
+\mathcode`!="0921
+\mathcode`(="4928 \delcode`(="928300
+\mathcode`)="5929 \delcode`)="929301
+\mathcode`[="495B \delcode`[="95B302
+\mathcode`]="595D \delcode`]="95D303
+\mathcode`=="393D
+\mathchardef\Relbar="3B3D % we need the old = to match \Arrows
+\mathchardef\Gamma="7100
+\mathchardef\Delta="7101
+\mathchardef\Theta="7102
+\mathchardef\Lambda="7103
+\mathchardef\Xi="7104
+\mathchardef\Pi="7105
+\mathchardef\Sigma="7106
+\mathchardef\Upsilon="7107
+\mathchardef\Phi="7108
+\mathchardef\Psi="7109
+\mathchardef\Omega="710A
+\let\varsigma=\sigma \let\varrho=\rho % Euler doesn't have these
+\mathchardef\aleph="0840
+\def\rbrace{\delimiter"5867A09 } \let\}=\rbrace
+\def\lbrace{\delimiter"4866A08 } \let\{=\lbrace
+%\mathchardef\equiv="3811 \let\cong=\equiv % lowres bars weren't spaced right
+\mathchardef\leq="3814 \let\le=\leq
+\mathchardef\geq="3815 \let\ge=\geq
+\mathchardef\Re="083C
+\mathchardef\Im="083D
+\def\vert{\delimiter"86A30C }
+\def\backslash{\delimiter"86E30F }
+
+\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height9pt depth4pt width\z@}%
+\newbox\bigstrutbox \newbox\biggstrutbox
+\setbox\bigstrutbox=\hbox{\vrule height11pt depth4pt width\z@}%
+\def\bigstrut{\relax\ifmmode\copy\bigstrutbox\else\unhcopy\bigstrutbox\fi}
+\setbox\biggstrutbox=\hbox{\vrule height17pt depth10pt width\z@}%
+\def\biggstrut{\relax\ifmmode\copy\biggstrutbox\else\unhcopy\biggstrutbox\fi}
+\rm
+
+\newmuskip\normalthick \normalthick=5mu plus 5mu
+\newmuskip\normalmedmu \normalmedmu=\medmuskip
+\newmuskip\displaythick \displaythick=10mu minus 3mu
+\everymath{\thickmuskip=\normalthick}
+
+\abovedisplayskip=8pt plus 3pt minus 2pt % there's 2pt more (opened up)
+\belowdisplayskip=10pt plus 3pt minus 2pt
+
+% displays not centered; all have capability of \eqalign
+\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
+{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
+  {\catcode`\^^M=5$$%
+   \advance\displayindent\parindent\advance\displaywidth-\parindent%
+   \openup2pt #1\halign\bgroup\span\preamble\cr}}
+\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
+\jot=\z@  % we do our own opening up
+
+\def\displaymath{$\thickmuskip=\displaythick\displaystyle}
+\def\preamble{\hfil\displaymath{##}$&&\displaymath{{}##}$\hfil}
+\def\tablepreamble{\bigstrut\hfil$##$\hfil\ &\vrule##&&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil}
+\def\xbox{\qquad\hbox} % for third column of explanation
+
+\newcount\eqcount
+\def\equ(#1.#2){{\rm({\oldsty#1}.{\oldsty#2})}}
+\def\eq(#1){\equ(\chapno.#1)}
+\def\thiseq{\xdef\next{(\chapno.\number\eqcount)}\expandafter\equ\next}
+\def\eqno{\global\advance\eqcount 1 \global\everycr{\makeeqno\thiseq}}
+\newdimen\backup
+\def\makeeqno#1{\noalign{\global\everycr{}%
+  \advance\displaywidth\displayindent
+  \setbox0=\hbox to\displaywidth{\hfil#1}%
+  \backup=\prevdepth \advance\backup\ht0
+  \setbox0=\vbox{\kern-\backup\box0}\ht0=\z@ \dp0=\z@
+  \setbox0=\vbox{\box0}\unvbox0}} % that puts equation number on prev line!
+
+\newif\iftitle
+\newskip\chaptopspace \chaptopspace=1in minus 5pt
+\def\beginchapter#1 #2 \par{ % we should be at top of a page
+  \titletrue \eqcount=0
+  \ifodd\pageno
+   \rightline{\chapfont#1\kern-.05em}
+   \vskip\chaptopspace
+   \rightline{\title#2}
+   \moveleft7pc % this applies to the \vbox after the \fi
+  \else % left-hand page
+   \leftline{\kern-.05em\chapfont#1}
+   \vskip\chaptopspace
+   \leftline{\title#2} \fi
+  \vbox{\hrule width 35pc}
+  \def\chapno{#1} \edef\chaptitle{#2}
+  \mark{#1\enspace #2}
+  \smallskip\noindent}
+
+\def\beginsection#1 #2 \par{ % should not be first in the chapter
+  \backup=\lastskip	% but should come on first or second page of chapter
+  \mark{#1\enspace #2}	% because the mark gives running head on right page
+  \nobreak\vskip-\backup\penalty-200
+  {\subtitle\baselineskip=34pt
+    \noindent\hbox to2\parindent{#1\hfil}\uppercase{\kern-.05em#2}\par}
+  \nobreak\vskip5pt\noindent\hbox to2\parindent{}}
+
+\newcount\excount
+\def\beginexercises{\backup=\lastskip \excount=0
+  \mark{\chapno\enspace Exercises}
+  \nobreak\vskip-\backup\penalty-200
+  {\subtitle\baselineskip=34pt\noindent Exercises\par}\nobreak}
+
+{\catcode`\|=\active
+\gdef\table#1\tabref|#2|{\hrule height1pt width\hsize \kern2pt
+ \noindent\strut{\bf Table |#2|\enspace}#1\par
+ \hrule height.5pt width\hsize\tabref|#2|}}
+
+\def\medbr{\ifnum\lastpenalty>9999 \medskip \else\medbreak\fi}
+\def\subhead#1\par{\medbr
+  {\subsubtitle\noindent#1\par}\nobreak}
+\def\ex:{\par{\advance\medskipamount-1pt\medbr}%
+  \advance\excount 1 \item{\number\excount}}
+
+\def\dash---{\thinspace---\hskip.16667em\relax}
+\def\qback{\kern-.15em} % between , or . and ''
+\def\undertext#1{$\underline{\smash{\hbox{#1}}}$}
+\def\newline{\hfil\break}
+\def\Hint:{{\it Hint:\/}}
+\let\macron=\= % we will use \= for congruence relation
+\def\t#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\tfont\accent"7F\next#1}}
+
+% Here's a definition that was corrected in plain.tex version 3.14159;
+% I'm keeping the old version here, because I had already been compensating
+% for its deficiencies in script and scriptscript styles; without this
+% buggy version, it would be hard for me to match the old pages precisely
+\def\bmod{\mskip-\medmuskip\mkern5mu
+  \mathbin{\rm mod}\penalty900\mkern5mu\mskip-\medmuskip}
+
+% Graffiti macros
+\chardef\other=12
+\newread\grfi \openin\grfi=\jobname.grf
+%\newwrite\grfo \immediate\openout\grfo=\jobname.grf % let's hope no conflict
+%% Hmmm...; that doesn't work on Unix.
+%% Here's my first solution, a kludge where I alternated between .grf and .gr
+%\newif\ifgrf  \newwrite\grfo \newwrite\grfempty
+%\ifeof\grfi \grffalse
+%\else\read\grfi to\grfitest \ifeof\grfi \grffalse \else \grftrue \fi\fi
+%\ifgrf\else \openin\grfi=\jobname.gr
+%  \ifeof\grfi\else\read\grfi to\grfitest \fi\fi
+%\immediate\openout\grfo=\jobname.gr\ifgrf\else f\fi
+%\immediate\write\grfo{} % an empty line will start a nonempty file (Unix only)
+%% and then at the end I said
+% \immediate\openout\grfempty=\jobname.gr\ifgrf f\fi % clear the input file
+%% That solution worked with the following original macros
+%\def\testnextgrf{{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+%  \global\read\grfi to\next}\expandafter\testgrf\meaning\next\testgrf}
+%\expandafter\def\expandafter\testgrf\meaning\empty#1 #2\testgrf{%
+%  \setup#2!!!!!$\ifx\thisone\thatone\if#1R\Rtrue\else\Rfalse\fi\else\Rguess\fi}
+%% Anyway, here's my second approach to Unix: (order n^2 algorithm)
+\def\\{{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials \endlinechar=-1 \let\eol=0
+  \gdef\grfmem{}
+  \expandafter\def\expandafter\gbbl\meaning\empty{}
+  \def\appgrf{\read\grfi to\g
+    \ifx\g\empty\else\xdef\grfmem{\grfmem\expandafter\gbbl\meaning\g\eol}\fi}
+  \def\next{\ifeof\grfi\let\next\relax\else\appgrf\fi\next}\next}}
+\\ % now \grfmem is "L aaaaa\eol R bbbbb\eol ... R zzzzz\eol".
+\def\testnextgrf#1 #2\eol#3\\{\gdef\grfmem{#3}\setup#2!!!!!$%
+  \ifx\thisone\thatone\if#1R\Rtrue\else\Rfalse\fi\else\Rguess\fi}
+\newwrite\grfo \immediate\openout\grfo=\jobname.grf % no conflict now
+
+\def\graffiti{% set up graffiti style
+ \hsize=6pc
+ \baselineskip=10pt \lineskip=0pt \lineskiplimit=0pt
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \mathsurround=1pt
+ \textfont0=\gmathtext
+  \scriptfont0=\gmathsubtext
+  \scriptscriptfont0=\gmathsubsubtext
+ \textfont1=\gmathlet \let\tfont=\gtfont
+  \scriptfont1=\gmathsublet
+  \scriptscriptfont1=\gmathsubsublet
+ \textfont2=\gmathsym
+  \scriptfont2=\gmathsubsym
+  \scriptscriptfont2=\gmathsubsubsym
+ \textfont3=\gmathext
+  \scriptfont3=\gmathsubext
+  \scriptscriptfont3=\gmathsubsubext
+\textfont\scrfam=\gmathscr
+ \scriptfont\scrfam=\gmathsubscr
+ \scriptscriptfont\scrfam=\gmathsubsubscr
+\textfont\frfam=\gmathfr
+ \scriptfont\frfam=\gmathsubfr
+ \scriptscriptfont\frfam=\gmathsubsubfr
+\textfont\euexfam=\gmatheuex
+\scriptfont\euexfam=\gmathsubsym % OK since I don't use all chars in this size
+\textfont\eqfam=\nineeq
+ \def\rm{\fam\z@\gtext}%
+ \let\oldsty=\goldstyle
+ \let\big=\ninebig
+ \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7.25pt depth2.75pt width\z@}%
+ \gtext
+ \rightskip=\z@ plus2em % ragged right
+ \tolerance=2000
+ \hyphenpenalty=300
+ \exhyphenpenalty=300
+ \doublehyphendemerits=100000
+ \finalhyphendemerits=\doublehyphendemerits
+ }
+\def\ninebig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\tenrm\textfont2=\tensy
+  \left#1\vbox to7.25pt{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\grafctr{\hbox to4.5pc{\hfil##\hfil}}
+
+\newif\ifR % does this entry go on a right-hand page?
+\def\Rguess{\def\ifR{\ifodd\pageno}}
+\long\def\g#1\g{\def\next{#1!!!!!}\expandafter\writegrf\meaning\next$%
+  \ifx\grfmem\empty\Rguess\else\expandafter\testnextgrf\grfmem\\\fi
+% pre-Unix, that line was  \ifeof\grfi\Rguess\else\testnextgrf\fi
+  \setbox0=\vtop{\graffiti#1%
+  \write\m@ne\ifR{\Rcheck}\else{\Lcheck}\fi}% log file records successes
+  \ifvmode\kern-\prevdepth\kern-\ht0\dp0=\z@\nointerlineskip\bgroup
+  \else\dp0=\dp\strutbox\strut\vadjust{\kern-\dp\strutbox\kern-\ht0\fi
+   \ifR\moveleft7\else\moveright29\fi pc\box0}}
+\expandafter\def\expandafter\writegrf\meaning\empty#1#2#3#4#5#6${%
+  \write\grfo{\LorR #1#2#3#4#5}\def\thisone{#1#2#3#4#5}}
+\def\setup#1#2#3#4#5#6${\def\thatone{#1#2#3#4#5}}
+\def\LorR{\ifodd\pageno R \else L \fi}
+\def\Lcheck{\ifodd\pageno Bad guess!\fi}
+\def\Rcheck{\ifodd\pageno\else Bad guess!\fi}
+
+% Page layout
+\newif\ifpreprint \preprinttrue % should be false when making the final copy
+\newdimen\pageheight \pageheight=\vsize
+\newdimen\totheight \totheight=49.5pc
+\newdimen\folioht \setbox0=\hbox{\foliofont0} \folioht=\ht0
+\def\leftheadline{\hbox to35pc{\vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the baseline
+    \llap{\kern-2pc\iftitle\leftcorner\else\foliofont\folio\fi\hfil}%
+    \iftitle\hfil\copyrite\else\runhead\uppercase\expandafter{\chaptitle}\hfil\fi}}
+\def\rightheadline{\hbox to35pc{\iftitle\copyrite\fi\hfil
+    \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the baseline
+    \runhead\uppercase\expandafter{\topmark}%
+    \rlap{\hfil\iftitle\rightcorner\else\foliofont\folio\fi\kern-2pc}}}
+\def\leftcorner{\vrule\vbox to\folioht{\hrule width9pt\vfil}}
+\def\rightcorner{\vbox to\folioht{\hrule width9pt\vfil}\vrule}
+\def\copyrite{\ifpreprint{\textfont2=\sevensy\sevenrm\copyright\ 1988
+   Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; all rights reserved}\fi}
+
+\def\onepageout#1{\escapechar=-1 % for writing \tabrefs
+    \shipout\vbox to\totheight{ % here we define one page of output
+    \offinterlineskip % butt the boxes together
+    \vbox to 2pc{ % this part goes on top of the regular pages
+      \ifodd\pageno \rightheadline\else\leftheadline\fi
+      \vfill} % this completes the \vbox to 2pc
+    \ifodd\pageno\moveright7pc\fi #1
+    \vfill
+    \iftitle \global\titlefalse % reset the titlepage switch
+	\ifodd\pageno \hbox to35pc{\hfil\foliofont\folio}
+	\else\hbox{\foliofont\folio}\fi\fi
+    \ifpreprint\ifinxmode\makeinxfooter\fi\fi
+    }
+  \advancepageno}
+
+\output{\onepageout{\pagebody}}
+
+\newbox\inxfootbanner
+\def\hours{\count0=\time \divide\count0 by60 % find the o'clock
+  \multiply\count0 by40 \advance\count0\time % convert to hhmm
+  \advance\count0 10000 \expandafter\gobbleone\number\count0\relax}
+\def\gobbleone1{}
+\setbox\inxfootbanner=\rlap{\hbox to 6.5in{\hrulefill\sevenrm\quad
+ Author's page proof produced by \TeX\ at
+ \hours\space on \ifcase\month\or
+   January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+   July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day}}
+\def\makeinxfooter{\vbox to0pt{\kern10pt\copy\inxfootbanner\kern4pt
+  \rlap{\vbadness=\maxdimen \inxcolumns}\vss}}
+\def\inxcolumns{\ifvoid\inxbox\let\next\relax\else\let\next\contribcol\fi\next}
+\def\contribcol{\setbox0=\vsplit\inxbox to54pt
+  \vtop{\unvbox0}\kern20pt \inxcolumns}
+\def\inxstyle{\vrule height6pt depth2pt width\z@ \sevenrm}
+\splittopskip=6pt
+
+% Cross references
+
+% \ref{value}|name| gives value to |name|
+% \eqref|name| gives \eqcount to |name|
+% \exref|name| gives \excount to |name|
+% \tabref|name| gives appropriate page number to |name|
+% \refin foo inputs references from job foo (other than this job)
+% \showmissestrue if you want to see missing references
+
+\newif\ifshowmisses
+\def\vertical{|}
+\def\inref#1 #{\expandafter\def\csname\vertical#1\endcsname}
+
+\catcode`\|=\active
+\expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do\|}
+\newcount\defcount	% number of old definitions not yet repeated
+\newcount\changecount	% number of new definitions that are changed
+\newcount\miscount	% number of unknown references
+
+\newread\tempin
+\def\refin#1 {\openin\tempin=#1.ref
+ \ifeof\tempin\closein\tempin
+ \else\closein\tempin \let|\inref \input#1.ref \let|\crossref \fi}
+
+{\let\|=\jobname
+ \def\def{\global\advance\defcount1 \gdef}\expandafter\refin\| }
+\newwrite\refo \immediate\openout\refo=\jobname.ref
+
+\def\ref#1|#2|{\xdef\temp{#1}\expandafter\dordef\csname\vertical#2\endcsname}
+\def\dordef#1{\ifx#1\temp \global\advance\defcount-1
+ \else\global\advance\changecount1 \global\let#1\temp\fi
+ {\escapechar=-1\immediate\write\refo{\noexpand#1{\temp}}}}
+\def\eqref{\ref{\number\eqcount}}
+\def\exref{\ref{\number\excount}}
+\def\tabref|#1|{\expandafter\pageref\csname\vertical#1\endcsname}
+\def\pageref#1{\ifx#1\relax\else\global\advance\defcount-1 \fi
+ \write\refo{\noexpand#1{\number\pageno}}%
+ \write\m@ne{\ifx#1\relax New Pageref!\else
+  \ifnum#1=\pageno\else Changed Pageref!\fi\fi}}
+\def\crossref#1|{\expandafter\usedef\csname\vertical#1\endcsname}
+\def\usedef#1{\ifx#1\relax
+  \ifshowmisses\showmiss#1\fi\global\advance\miscount1 ??\else #1\fi}
+\let|=\crossref
+\def\showmiss#1{{\escapechar=-1%
+ \message{***** WARNING: Undefined reference #1\string|! *****}}}
+
+\def\cite#1.{\ifinxmode\write\bnx{[#1] \number\pageno.}\fi#1}
+{\catcode`\@=\active
+\gdef\newcite#1.{\ifinxmode\write\bnx{[#1'] \number\pageno.}\fi#1$'@$}}
+
+\outer\def\bye{
+ \ifnum\miscount>0
+  \message{(\the\miscount\space undefined references were present)}\fi
+ \ifnum\changecount>0
+  \message{(\the\changecount\space new references written on \jobname.ref)}\fi
+ \ifnum\defcount>0
+  \message{(\the\defcount\space old references dropped from \jobname.ref)}\fi
+ \par\vfill\supereject
+ \end}
+
+% Exercises
+
+\newwrite\ans
+\immediate\openout\ans=\jobname.ans
+
+\outer\def\answer{\par
+  \immediate\write\ans{}
+  \immediate\write\ans{\string\ansno\chapno.\the\excount:}
+  \copytoblankline}
+\def\copytoblankline{\begingroup\setupcopy\copyans}
+\def\setupcopy{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials \obeylines}
+{\obeylines \gdef\copyans#1
+  {\def\next{#1}%
+  \ifx\next\empty\let\next=\endgroup %
+  \else\immediate\write\ans{\next} \let\next=\copyans\fi\next}}
+
+\def\ansno#1:{\par\medbreak\def\thisansno{\source#1}%
+ \noindent\hbox to\parindent{\bf #1\hfil}\ignorespaces}
+
+% Pictures (a subset of \LaTeX's conventions)
+\newskip\hsssglue \hsssglue=0pt plus 1fill minus 1fill \def\hsss{\hskip\hsssglue}
+
+\newdimen\unitlength \newdimen\linethickness
+\newdimen\@picheight \newdimen\@xdim \newdimen\@ydim \newdimen\@len \newdimen\@save
+\newcount\@multicount \newcount\@xarg \newcount\@yarg
+\newbox\@picbox \newbox\@mpbox
+
+\font\tenln=line10     \font\tenlnw=linew10
+\font\tencirc=lcircle10 \font\tencircw=lcirclew10
+\font\smallln=linew10 scaled 483 % that's magstep-4
+
+\def\thinlines{\let\linefont=\tenln \let\circlefont=\tencirc
+  \linethickness=\fontdimen8\linefont}
+\def\thicklines{\let\linefont=\tenlnw \let\circlefont=\tencircw
+  \linethickness=\fontdimen8\linefont}
+\thinlines
+
+\def\beginpicture(#1,#2)(#3,#4){\@picheight=#2\unitlength \let\line=\@line
+  \setbox\@picbox=\hbox to#1\unitlength\bgroup
+    \kern-#3\unitlength \lower#4\unitlength\hbox\bgroup\ignorespaces}
+\def\endpicture{\egroup\hss\egroup
+  \ht\@picbox=\@picheight \dp\@picbox=\z@
+  \leavevmode\box\@picbox}
+
+\def\put(#1,#2)#3{\raise#2\unitlength\rlap{\kern#1\unitlength #3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\multiput(#1,#2)(#3,#4)#5#6{\@multicount=#5
+ \@xdim=#1\unitlength \@ydim=#2\unitlength \setbox\@mpbox=\hbox{#6}%
+ \loop\ifnum\@multicount>0
+   \raise\@ydim\rlap{\kern\@xdim \unhcopy\@mpbox}%
+   \advance\@xdim#3\unitlength \advance\@ydim#4\unitlength
+   \advance\@multicount\m@ne \repeat\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\makebox(#1,#2)#3{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox to#1\unitlength{\hss#3\hss}%
+  \@ydim=\ht\@picbox \advance\@ydim-\dp\@picbox
+  \ht\@picbox=#2\unitlength \dp\@picbox=\z@
+  \leavevmode\lower.5\@ydim\box\@picbox}
+
+\newif\ifneg
+\def\@line(#1,#2)#3{\@xarg=#1 \@yarg=#2 \@len=#3\unitlength \leavevmode
+ \ifnum\@xarg<0 \reverseline \else \negfalse \@ydim=\z@\fi
+ \ifnum\@xarg=0 \@vline
+ \else\ifnum\@yarg=0 \@hline \else\@sline\fi\fi
+ \ifneg\kern-\@len\else\@save=\@ydim\fi}
+\def\reverseline{\negtrue \kern-\@len \@xarg=-\@xarg
+ \@ydim=\@len \multiply\@ydim\@yarg \divide\@ydim\@xarg \@yarg=-\@yarg}
+
+\def\@hline{\vrule height.5\linethickness depth.5\linethickness width\@len}
+\def\@vline{\kern-.5\linethickness\vrule width\linethickness
+  \ifnum\@yarg<0 height\z@ depth\else depth\z@ height\fi\@len
+  \kern-.5\linethickness}
+
+\def\@sline{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\linefont \count@=\@xarg \multiply\count@ 8
+ \ifnum\@yarg>0 \advance\count@\@yarg \advance\count@-9
+ \else \advance\count@-\@yarg \advance\count@ 55 \fi \char\count@}%
+ \ifnum\@yarg<0 \@picheight=-\ht\@picbox \advance\@ydim\@picheight
+ \else \@picheight=\ht\@picbox \fi
+ \@xdim=\wd\@picbox \@save=\@ydim
+ \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len \raise\@ydim\copy\@picbox
+  \advance\@xdim\wd\@picbox \advance\@ydim\@picheight \repeat
+ \advance\@xdim-\@len \kern-\@xdim
+ \multiply\@xdim\@yarg \divide\@xdim\@xarg \advance\@ydim-\@xdim
+ \raise\@ydim\box\@picbox}
+
+\def\vector(#1,#2)#3{\@line(#1,#2){#3}%
+ \ifnum\@xarg=0 \@vvector \else\ifnum\@yarg=0 \@hvector \else\@svector\fi\fi}
+\def\@hvector{\ifneg\rlap{\linefont\char27}\else
+ \smash{\llap{\linefont\char45}}\fi} % we have to smash because of font bug
+\def\@vvector{\ifnum\@yarg<0 \raise-\@len\rlap{\linefont\char63}%
+ \else\setbox\@picbox=\rlap{\linefont\char54}\advance\@len-\ht\@picbox
+ \raise\@len\box\@picbox\fi}
+
+\def\@svector{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox to\z@{\linefont
+ \ifnum\@yarg<0 \count@=55 \@yarg=-\@yarg \else\count@=-9 \fi
+ \ifneg\multiply\@xarg16 \multiply\@yarg2
+ \else\hss % \llap
+  \ifnum\@xarg>2 \multiply\@xarg9 \multiply\@yarg2 \advance\count@29
+  \else\ifnum\@yarg>2 \multiply\@xarg16 \multiply\@yarg9 \advance\count@-20
+   \else\multiply\@xarg24 \multiply\@yarg3 \fi\fi\fi
+  \advance\count@\@xarg \advance\count@\@yarg \char\count@
+  \ifneg\hss\fi}% \rlap
+ \raise\@save\box\@picbox}
+
+\def\disk#1{\@len=#1\unitlength \count@='160 \@diskcirc}
+\def\circle#1{\@len=#1\unitlength \count@='140 \@diskcirc}
+\def\@diskcirc{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\circlefont\char\count@}\@xdim=\wd\@picbox
+ \leavevmode \ifdim\@len>15.499\@xdim \@bigdc \else \@smalldc\fi}
+\def\@bigdc{\ifnum\count@<'160 \@bigcirc
+ \else \@len=15\@xdim \@diskcirc\fi}
+\def\@smalldc{{\advance\@len-.5\@xdim
+ \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len \advance\count@\@ne \advance\@xdim\wd\@picbox\repeat
+ \hbox{\circlefont\char\count@}}}
+\def\@bigcirc{{\circlefont\count@=15
+ \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char\count@}\@xdim=\wd\@picbox
+ \ifdim\@len>2.5\@xdim \@len=2.5\@xdim\fi
+ \advance\@len-.125\wd\@picbox
+ \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len \advance\count@ 4 \advance\@xdim.25\wd\@picbox\repeat
+ \@ydim=.5\@xdim \advance\@ydim.5\linethickness
+ \setbox\@picbox=\vbox{\hbox{\char\count@\advance\count@-3\char\count@}%
+  \nointerlineskip
+  \hbox{\advance\count@\m@ne\char\count@\advance\count@\m@ne\char\count@}}%
+ \kern-\@ydim\lower\@ydim\box\@picbox}}
+
+\newif\ifovaltl \newif\ifovaltr \newif\ifovalbl \newif\ifovalbr
+\ovaltltrue \ovaltrtrue \ovalbltrue \ovalbrtrue
+\def\oval(#1,#2){\@xdim=#1\unitlength \@ydim=#2\unitlength
+ {\circlefont \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char0}
+ \ifdim\@xdim<\wd\@picbox \@xdim=\wd\@picbox\fi
+ \ifdim\@ydim<\wd\@picbox \@ydim=\wd\@picbox\fi
+ \@save=\@xdim \ifdim\@ydim<\@save \@save=\@ydim \fi
+ \count@=39
+ \loop \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char\count@}\ifdim\@save<\wd\@picbox
+  \advance\count@-4 \repeat
+ \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height\ht\@picbox depth\dp\@picbox width\z@
+   \kern\wd\@picbox}%
+ \@save=.5\wd\@picbox \advance\@save-.5\linethickness
+ \setbox0=\hbox to\@xdim{\ifovaltl\char\count@\else\strut\fi
+  \kern-\@save\leaders\hrule height\ifovaltl\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil
+  \leaders\hrule height\ifovaltr\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil\kern\@save
+  \ifovaltr\advance\count@-3\char\count@\else\strut\fi\kern-\wd\@picbox}%
+  \advance\count@\m@ne
+ \setbox2=\hbox to\@xdim{\ifovalbl\char\count@\else\strut\fi
+  \kern-\@save\leaders\hrule height\ifovalbl\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil
+  \leaders\hrule height\ifovalbr\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil\kern\@save
+  \ifovalbr\advance\count@\m@ne\char\count@\else\strut\fi\kern-\wd\@picbox}%
+ \@save=\@ydim \advance\@save-\wd\@picbox \divide\@save 2
+ \setbox\@picbox=\vbox{\box0\nointerlineskip
+  \hbox to\@xdim{\vrule height\@save width\ifovaltl\linethickness\else\z@\fi
+    \hfil\ifovaltr\vrule width\linethickness\kern-\linethickness\fi}%
+  \nointerlineskip
+  \hbox to\@xdim{\vrule height\@save width\ifovalbl\linethickness\else\z@\fi
+    \hfil\ifovalbr\vrule width\linethickness\kern-\linethickness\fi}%
+  \nointerlineskip\box2}%
+  \@save=.5\@ydim \advance\@save.5\linethickness \leavevmode
+  \kern-.5\@xdim \kern-.5\linethickness \lower\@save\box\@picbox}}
+
+\def\cpic#1\endcpic{\vcenter{\hbox{\beginpicture#1\endpicture}}}
+
+% Squines (quadratic splines)
+% example of use: to plot f(x) between x0 and x1, you can say
+% \put(0,0){\squine(x0,xm,x1,y0,ym,y1)}, where y0=f(x0), y1=f(x1)
+% xm=(y0-y1+s1x1-s0x0)/(s1-s0), ym=(s0(s1x1-y1)-s1(s0x0-y0))/(s1-s0),
+% s0=f'(x0), and s1=f'(x1).
+
+\newdimen\@xi \newdimen\@xii \newdimen\@xiii \newdimen\@xiv
+\newdimen\@xpt \newdimen\@xoldpt
+\newdimen\@yi \newdimen\@yii \newdimen\@yiii \newdimen\@yiv
+\newdimen\@ypt \newdimen\@yoldpt
+\def\squine(#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6){\setbox\@picbox\hbox{\tencirc q}%
+ \global\@xoldpt=#1\unitlength \global\@yoldpt=#4\unitlength \kern\@xoldpt
+ \@xi=\@xoldpt \@xii=#2\unitlength \@xiii=#3\unitlength
+ \@yi=\@yoldpt \@yii=#5\unitlength \@yiii=#6\unitlength
+ \squinerec
+ \@xpt=#3\unitlength \@ypt=#6\unitlength \@addpoint
+ \raise\@ypt\copy\@picbox}
+\newif\iffar
+\def\squinerec{\farfalse \testnear\@xi\@xiii \testnear\@yi\@yiii
+ \iffar \decast \fi}
+\def\testnear#1#2{\@save=#1\advance\@save-#2%
+ \ifdim\@save<\z@ \@save=-\@save\fi \ifdim\@save>\p@ \fartrue \fi}
+\def\decast{\@xpt=\@xi \advance\@xpt\@xii \divide\@xpt2
+ \advance\@xii\@xiii \divide\@xii2
+ \@xiv=\@xpt \advance\@xiv\@xii \divide\@xiv2
+ \@ypt=\@yi \advance\@ypt\@yii \divide\@ypt2
+ \advance\@yii\@yiii \divide\@yii2
+ \@yiv=\@ypt \advance\@yiv\@yii \divide\@yiv2
+ \begingroup\@xii=\@xpt \@xiii=\@xiv
+  \@yii=\@ypt \@yiii=\@yiv \squinerec\endgroup
+ \@xpt=\@xiv \@ypt=\@yiv \@addpoint
+ \@xi=\@xiv \@yi=\@yiv \squinerec}
+\def\@addpoint{%\message{(\the\@xpt,\the\@ypt)}%
+ \global\advance\@xoldpt-\@xpt \wd\@picbox=-\@xoldpt
+ \raise\@yoldpt\copy\@picbox \global\@xoldpt=\@xpt \global\@yoldpt=\@ypt}
+
+% Math operators
+\def\2{\mskip-.5mu2\mskip.5mu}
+\newmuskip\lessfortimes \lessfortimes=-2mu minus -2mu
+\def\cdt{\mskip\lessfortimes\cdot\mskip\lessfortimes}
+\def\nullnum{\phantom{0}}
+\def\twonullnum{\phantom{00}}
+\def\bex{\mskip-2mu}
+\def\twoconditions#1#2{_{\scriptstyle#1\atop\scriptstyle#2}}
+\def\tworestrictions#1#2{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+  \halign{\strut\hfil##\hfil\cr#1\cr#2\cr}}}
+\def\dts{\mathinner{\ldotp\ldotp}}
+\def\[#1]{[\hbox{$\mskip1mu\thickmuskip=\thinmuskip#1\mskip1mu$}]}
+\def\bigi[#1\bigr]{\bigl[\hbox{$\thickmuskip=\thinmuskip#1$}\bigr]}
+\def\Bigi[#1\Bigr]{\Bigl[\hbox{$\thickmuskip=\thinmuskip#1$}\Bigr]}
+\def\prp(#1){(\hbox{$\thickmuskip=\thinmuskip#1$})}
+\def\pbigi(#1\bigr){\bigl(\hbox{$\thickmuskip=\thinmuskip#1$}\bigr)}
+\def\_#1{\def\next{#1}%
+ \ifx\next\risingsign\expandafter\rising\else^{\underline{#1}}\fi}
+\def\risingsign{^}
+\def\rising#1{^{\overline{#1}}}
+\def\dotminus{\mathbin{\buildrel{\hbox{\runhead.}}\over{\smash{-}\vphantom{_2}}}}
+\let\divides=\backslash
+\def\edivides{\divides\mskip-4mu\divides}
+\def\ndivides{\mathpalette\notdiv\relax}
+\def\notdiv#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1\divides$}%
+ \vcenter{\hbox to\wd0{$\hss\scriptscriptstyle/\hss$}}\kern-\wd0
+ \vcenter{\hbox to\wd0{$\hss\kern.5pt\scriptscriptstyle/\hss$}}\kern-\wd0
+ \box0\relax}
+\def\spec{\mathop{\rm Spec}}
+\def\half{{1\over2}}
+\def\rp{\mathchar"323F } % relatively prime
+\def\lcm{\mathop{\rm lcm}}
+\def\And{\quad{\rm and}\quad}
+\let\==\equiv
+\def\tmod#1{(mod~$#1$)}
+\let\implies=\Longrightarrow
+\def\?{\hbox{!`}} % subfactorial
+\def\hyp{\mathop{F{}}\nolimits\hyper}
+\def\tightplus{\medmuskip=1.5mu\relax}
+\def\hyper#1#2#3{\mathchoice{\tightplus
+   \hbox{$\displaystyle\biggl({#1\atop#2}\Big\vert\,{#3}\!\biggr)$}}%
+ {\bigl({#1\atop#2}\vert\mskip2mu#3\bigr)}%
+ {}{}}	% used only in D and T styles
+%\def\hypk_#1{\mathop{F{}}_{#1}\nolimits\hyper} % confl with mFn convention
+\def\hypk_#1#2#3#4{\mathop{F{}}\mathchoice{\tightplus
+  \hbox{$\displaystyle\biggl({#2\atop#3}\Big\vert\,{#4}\!\biggr)$}%
+  \lower\fontdimen11\mathsym\hbox{$\scriptstyle\!#1$}}%
+ {\bigl({#2\atop#3}\vert\mskip2mu#4\bigr)\lower\fontdimen12\mathsym
+   \hbox{$\scriptstyle\!#1$}}%
+ {}{}}	% used only in D and T styles
+\def\double(#1\choose#2){\mathchoice{\biggl(\!\!{#1\choose#2}\!\!\biggr)}
+ {\bigl(\!{#1\choose#2}\!\bigr)}{}{}} % only D and T styles
+\def\hypstrut{\vphantom{_1\_^k}} % if there's another denominator with \_^k
+\def\deg{\mathop{\rm deg}}
+\def\Bscr{{\scr B}}
+\def\Escr{{\scr E}}
+\def\Fscr{{\scr F}}
+\def\Pscr{{\scr P}}
+\def\Sscr{{\scr S}}
+\def\adj{\relbar\joinrel\relbar} % adjacent in a graph
+\let\<=\langle \let \>=\rangle
+\def\Pr{\mathop{\rm Pr}\nolimits}
+\def\Mean{\mathop{\rm Mean}\nolimits}
+\def\Var{\mathop{\rm Var}\nolimits}
+\def\between{\big\vert\hbox{\vphantom)}} % \between_a^b
+{\catcode`\'=\active \gdef'{^\bgroup\mskip2mu\prim@s}} % more space before '
+\def\array#1[#2]{\hbox{\tt#1[$#2$]}}
+\def\given{\mskip1mu\vert\mskip1mu}
+\def\euler{\atopwithdelims<>}
+\def\Euler#1#2{\mathchoice{\biggl<\mskip-7mu{#1\euler#2}\mskip-7mu\biggr>}%
+ {\bigl<\!{#1\euler#2}\!\bigr>}{}{}}
+
+\newbox\phihatbox \newbox\scrphihatbox
+\setbox\phihatbox=\hbox{$\phi$} \ht\phihatbox=1ex
+\setbox\scrphihatbox=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\phi$}
+  \ht\scrphihatbox=\fontdimen5\mathsublet
+\setbox\phihatbox=\hbox{$\widehat{\box\phihatbox}$}
+\setbox\scrphihatbox=\hbox{$\hat{\box\scrphihatbox}$}
+\def\phihat{\mathchoice{\copy\phihatbox}{\copy\phihatbox}%
+ {\copy\scrphihatbox}{{\hat\phi}}}
+
+\newbox\mathsizebox
+\def\setmathsize#1{\global\setbox\mathsizebox=\hbox{\displaymath#1$}}
+\def\mathsize#1{\hbox to\wd\mathsizebox{\displaymath#1$\hss}}
+
+\newbox\sqrtstrutbox
+\setbox\sqrtstrutbox=\hbox{\vrule height10.5pt width\z@}
+\def\strutsqrt#1{\copy\sqrtstrutbox\sqrt{{}^{\mathstrut}#1}}
+
+\newbox\Sqbox % for sum of squares
+\setbox\Sqbox=\vbox{\tenrm\hrule height.6pt\kern-.6pt
+  \hbox to1.5ex{\vrule height1.5ex width.6pt\hss\vrule width.6pt}\kern-.6pt
+  \hrule height.3pt depth.3pt}
+\def\Sq{\mskip1.5mu\copy\Sqbox\mskip1.5mu}
+
+% primitive index macros
+% "stuff for index" will go into a file for sorting and into normal text
+% "!stuff for index" will go into the file only
+\expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do\"}
+\def\hexcode{"} \catcode`\"=\active
+
+\newif\ifinxmode
+\newwrite\inx \newwrite\bnx
+\newbox\inxbox
+
+\newif\ifsilent
+\def\beginxref{\futurelet\next\beginxrefswitch}
+\def\beginxrefswitch{\ifx\next!\let\next=\silentxref
+  \else\silentfalse\let\next=\xref\fi \next}
+\def\silentxref!{\silenttrue\xref}
+\let"=\beginxref
+
+\def\xref#1"{\ifinxmode\edef\text{#1}\makexref\fi
+  \ifsilent\ignorespaces\else#1\fi}
+\def\makexref{\global\setbox\inxbox=%
+   \vbox{\unvbox\inxbox\allowbreak\hbox{\inxstyle\text}}%
+  \xdef\writeit{\write\inx{\text\space!\space
+     \noexpand\number\pageno.}}\writeit}
+
+% Final considerations
+\catcode`\@=\active \def@{\mskip1mu\relax}
+\expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do\@}
+
+\hyphenation{logical Mac-Mahon hyper-geo-metric hyper-geo-met-rics Ber-noulli}
+
+\preprintfalse		% WE ARE MAKING THE REAL BOOK!
+\inxmodetrue		% WE ARE PREPARING A ROUGH INDEX
+\showmissestrue		% THE REFERENCES SHOULD ALL BE READY NOW
+
+\ifinxmode\immediate\openout\inx=\jobname.inx \fi % file for index reminders
+\ifinxmode\immediate\openout\bnx=\jobname.bnx \fi % file for bib reminders
+
+% To make the book:
+% First TeX BIB, to get BIB.REF correct. (Must have \cite entries.)
+% Then TeX CHAP1..CHAP9, PREF, ANS, CRED, FRONT, CONT.
+% Then make BNX file from individual *.BNX files including BIB.BNX.
+% Then reTeX BIB.
+% *.INX files are raw data only. Index and Contents are prepared by hand.
+
+% To produce only a subset of pages, put the page numbers on separate
+% lines in a file called pages.tex, ended by 999
+% WARNING: This will screw up the .grf file! Save it, then restore it.
+% WARNING: This may screw up the .ref file (if there are \tabrefs). Ditto.
+\let\Shipout=\shipout
+\newread\pages \newcount\nxtpg \openin\pages=pages
+\def\getnxtpg{\ifeof\pages\else
+ {\endlinechar=-1\read\pages to\next
+  \ifx\next\empty % in this case we should have eof now
+  \else\global\nxtpg=\next\fi}\fi}
+\ifeof\pages\else\message{OK, I'll ship only the requested pages!}
+ \getnxtpg\fi
+\def\shipout{\ifeof\pages\let\next=\Shipout
+ \else\ifnum\pageno=\nxtpg\getnxtpg\let\next=\Shipout
+  \else\let\next=\Tosspage\fi\fi \next}
+\newbox\garbage \def\Tosspage{\deadcycles=0\setbox\garbage=}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/letter.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/letter.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..531a8b520df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/letter.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+% This macro file is for business letters
+
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\def\narrower{\advance\leftskip by 20pt \advance\rightskip by 20pt }
+
+\raggedbottom
+\interlinepenalty=1000
+\hsize=6.25truein \voffset=24pt \advance\vsize by-\voffset
+\parindent=0pt \parskip=0pt
+\nopagenumbers
+\headline={\ifnum\pageno>1
+  \tenrm To \addressee\hfil\today\hfil Page \folio
+  \else\hfil\fi}
+
+\def\beginlinemode{\endmode
+  \begingroup\obeylines\def\endmode{\par\endgroup}}
+\def\beginparmode{\endmode
+  \begingroup\parskip=\medskipamount \def\endmode{\par\endgroup}}
+\let\endmode=\par
+\def\endletter{\endmode\vfill\supereject \pageno=1 }
+
+\newdimen\longindentation \longindentation=4truein
+\newbox\theaddress
+\def\address{\beginlinemode\getaddress}
+{\obeylines\gdef\getaddress#1
+  #2
+  {\gdef\addressee{#2\unskip}%
+    \global\setbox\theaddress=\vbox\bgroup\raggedright%
+    \hsize=\longindentation \everypar{\hangindent2em}#2
+    \def\endmode{\egroup\endgroup \copy\theaddress \bigskip}}}
+
+\def\body{\beginparmode}
+\def\closing{\beginlinemode\getclosing}
+{\obeylines\gdef\getclosing #1
+  #2
+  {\nobreak\bigskip \leftskip=\longindentation #2
+    \nobreak\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip % space for signature
+    \def
+    {\endgraf\nobreak}}}
+\def\annotations{\beginlinemode\def\par{\endgraf\nobreak}\obeylines\par}
+\def\ps{\beginparmode\nobreak
+  \interlinepenalty5000\def\par{\endgraf\penalty5000}}
+\def\cc{\beginparmode\nobreak
+  \interlinepenalty5000\def\par{\endgraf\penalty5000}}
+
+\def\up#1{\leavevmode \raise.16ex\hbox{#1}}
+\font\smallheadfont=cmr8 at 8truept
+\font\largeheadfont=cmbx10 at 14.4truept
+\font\logofont=stan70 at 70truept
+\def\stanfordseal{\vbox{\kern-3truept\hbox{\logofont A}\kern-3truept}}
+
+\def\csdreturn{Computer Science Department\par \stanfordreturn}
+\def\stanfordreturn{Stanford University\par
+    Stanford, CA 94305\kern.5pt-21\kern-.5pt40 USA\par}
+\def\letterhead{\pageno=1 \univletterhead
+  {\leftskip=\longindentation
+    {\baselineskip9truept\smallheadfont\sendingaddress}
+    \bigskip\bigskip\rm\today\bigskip}}
+\def\specrule#1{\nointerlineskip
+  \line{\hbox to 60truept{\hrulefill
+      \hphantom{\stanfordseal\kern-#1truept}%
+    \hrulefill}\hrulefill}\nointerlineskip}
+\def\univletterhead{\vglue-34pt
+  \specrule{11}\vskip8truept
+  \hbox{\hbox to\longindentation{\smash{\hbox to60truept{\hfil\kern2.5truept
+        \lower10truept\stanfordseal\hfil}}%
+      \largeheadfont STANFORD UNIVERSITY\hfil}%
+    \smallheadfont STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305\kern.5pt-21\kern-.5pt40}
+  \vskip6truept\specrule{17}\vskip13truept }
+
+\def\deklet{
+  \def\sendingaddress{DONALD E. KNUTH\par
+    Professor Emeritus of The Art of\par
+    \qquad Computer Programming\par
+    Department of Computer Science\par
+    Telephone \up[415\up]\thinspace 723-4367\par}
+  \def\returnaddress{Prof.~D. E. Knuth\par \csdreturn}
+  \letterhead}
+
+\def\memoto{\beginlinemode\parindent=60truept
+  \everypar{\hangindent70truept}\startmemo}
+\def\bigmemoto{\beginlinemode\parindent=60pt % use this for magstep>1!
+  \everypar{\hangindent70pt}\startmemo}
+\def\textin#1{\noindent\hbox to\parindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces}
+{\obeylines\gdef\startmemo #1
+  {\gdef\addressee{#1}%
+  \global\pageno=1 \vglue-34pt\specrule{11}\vskip8truept
+  \leftline{\smash{\hbox to60truept{\hfil\kern2.5truept
+        \lower10truept\stanfordseal\hfil}}%
+    \largeheadfont Stanford Computer Science Department %
+    \rm\today}%
+  \vskip6truept\specrule{20}\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip%
+  \textin{Memo to:}#1
+  \def\endmode{\par\endgroup\bigskip}}
+  \gdef\from #1
+  {\smallskip\textin{From:}#1
+  }
+  \gdef\subject #1
+  {\smallskip\textin{Subject:}#1
+  }
+}
+
+\def\makelabel{\endletter\hbox{\vrule
+    \vbox{\hrule \kern6truept
+      \hbox{\kern6truept\stanfordseal\kern3pt
+          \vbox{\smallheadfont\baselineskip9truept\hsize=2truein\returnaddress}
+        \kern6truept}\kern6truept\hrule}\vrule}
+  \kern.1truein
+  \hbox{\vrule
+    \vbox{\hrule \kern12truept
+      \hbox{\kern12truept\copy\theaddress
+        \kern12truept}\kern12truept\hrule}\vrule}
+  \pageno=0\vfill\eject}
+
+\def\frac#1/#2{\leavemode\kern.1em\raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 
+ #1}\kern-.1em/\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/list.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/list.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1daeba2bbe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/list.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% Makes a listing of one or more files
+% Typical usage:
+% tex list *.c \\end
+
+\def\grabfile#1 {\setbox0=\lastbox\endgraf\doit{#1}}
+\everypar{\grabfile}
+
+\font\filenamefont= cmtt8 scaled\magstep3
+\font\headlinefont= cmr8
+\font\listingfont= cmtex10
+\font\eoffont= cmti8
+
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\newcount\m \newcount\n
+\n=\time \divide\n 60 \m=-\n \multiply\m 60 \advance\m \time
+\def\hours{\twodigits\n\twodigits\m}
+\def\twodigits#1{\ifnum #1<10 0\fi \number#1}
+
+\newlinechar=`@
+\message{@\today\space at \hours}
+
+\raggedbottom
+\nopagenumbers
+
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\doit#1{\message{@Listing #1@}
+  \begingroup \everypar{} \frenchspacing
+  \headline{\filenamefont#1\quad\headlinefont \today\ at \hours
+      \hfill Page \folio}
+  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+  \catcode127=\other \catcode9=\other \catcode12=\other
+  \parindent 0pt \parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil minus 1in
+  \everypar{\hangindent 1in} \rightskip=0pt plus 2in
+  \def\par{\ifvmode\penalty-500\medskip\else\endgraf\fi}
+  \listingfont \obeylines \obeyspaces \global\pageno=1
+  \input #1 {\eoffont(end of\/ file)}\endgraf\vfill\eject\endgroup}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\catcode`\_=\other % allow _ in file names
+
+% A tab (^^I) prints as lowercase gamma.
+% Character ^^M could be made visible, with a bit of work;
+% at present, it's indistinguishable from newline (^^J).
+
+% You can get up to 103 characters on a line without an overfull box.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/llist.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/llist.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f107169e248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/llist.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+% Makes a landscape listing of one or more files
+% Typical usage:
+% tex llist *.c \\end
+
+\def\grabfile#1 {\setbox0=\lastbox\endgraf\doit{#1}}
+\everypar{\grabfile}
+
+\font\filenamefont= cmtt8 scaled\magstep3
+\font\headlinefont= cmr8
+\font\listingfont= cmtex8
+\font\eoffont= cmti8
+
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\newcount\m \newcount\n
+\n=\time \divide\n 60 \m=-\n \multiply\m 60 \advance\m \time
+\def\hours{\twodigits\n\twodigits\m}
+\def\twodigits#1{\ifnum #1<10 0\fi \number#1}
+
+\newlinechar=`@
+\message{@\today\space at \hours}
+
+\baselineskip=9pt
+\medskipamount=4pt minus 1pt
+\raggedbottom
+\nopagenumbers
+
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\doit#1{\message{@Listing #1@}
+  \begingroup \everypar{} \frenchspacing
+  \headline{\ifright \headlinefont \hfill Page \folio
+    \else\filenamefont#1\quad\headlinefont \today\ at \hours\hfill \fi}
+  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+  \catcode127=\other \catcode9=\other \catcode12=\other
+  \parindent 0pt \parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil minus .8in
+  \everypar{\hangindent 1in} \rightskip=0pt plus 2in
+  \def\par{\ifvmode\penalty-50\medskip\else\endgraf\fi}
+  \listingfont \obeylines \obeyspaces \global\pageno=1
+  \input #1 {\eoffont(end of\/ file)}\endgraf\vfill\eject
+  \ifright\null\vfill\eject\fi\endgroup}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\catcode`\_=\other % allow _ in file names
+
+\hsize=4.6truein
+\vsize=7truein
+\hoffset=-.5truein
+\voffset=-.2truein
+\newif\ifright
+\newbox\lefthalf
+\output{\ifright
+ \shipout\hbox{\hbox to5.5in{\box\lefthalf\hss}%
+    \vbox{\makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}}
+    \advancepageno\global\rightfalse
+ \else\global\setbox\lefthalf\vbox{\makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}
+    \global\righttrue\fi}
+
+\special{landscape}
+
+% A tab (^^I) prints as lowercase gamma.
+% Character ^^M could be made visible, with a bit of work;
+% at present, it's indistinguishable from newline (^^J).
+
+% You can get up to 91 characters on a line without an overfull box.
+% (But lines with more than 84 characters will be clipped, if they
+% appear on a righthand halfpage.)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/manmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/manmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d8678ab5070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/manmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+% Macros for The TeXbook
+
+\catcode`@=11 % borrow the private macros of PLAIN (with care)
+
+\font\tentex=cmtex10
+
+\font\inchhigh=cminch
+\font\titlefont=cmssdc10 at 40pt
+
+\font\ninerm=cmr9
+\font\eightrm=cmr8
+\font\sixrm=cmr6
+
+\font\ninei=cmmi9
+\font\eighti=cmmi8
+\font\sixi=cmmi6
+\skewchar\ninei='177 \skewchar\eighti='177 \skewchar\sixi='177
+
+\font\ninesy=cmsy9
+\font\eightsy=cmsy8
+\font\sixsy=cmsy6
+\skewchar\ninesy='60 \skewchar\eightsy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60
+
+\font\eightss=cmssq8
+
+\font\eightssi=cmssqi8
+
+\font\ninebf=cmbx9
+\font\eightbf=cmbx8
+\font\sixbf=cmbx6
+
+\font\ninett=cmtt9
+\font\eighttt=cmtt8
+
+\hyphenchar\tentt=-1 % inhibit hyphenation in typewriter type
+\hyphenchar\ninett=-1
+\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1
+
+\font\ninesl=cmsl9
+\font\eightsl=cmsl8
+
+\font\nineit=cmti9
+\font\eightit=cmti8
+
+\font\tenu=cmu10 % unslanted text italic
+\font\magnifiedfiverm=cmr5 at 10pt
+\font\manual=manfnt % font used for the METAFONT logo, etc.
+\font\cmman=cmman % font used for miscellaneous Computer Modern variations
+
+\newskip\ttglue
+\def\tenpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}%
+  \textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
+  \textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
+  \textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
+  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
+  \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit}%
+  \textfont\itfam=\tenit
+  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl}%
+  \textfont\slfam=\tensl
+  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}%
+  \textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
+   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
+  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}%
+  \textfont\ttfam=\tentt
+  \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
+  \normalbaselineskip=12pt
+  \def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}%
+  \let\sc=\eightrm
+  \let\big=\tenbig
+  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8.5pt depth3.5pt width\z@}%
+  \normalbaselines\rm}
+
+\def\ninepoint{\def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}%
+  \textfont0=\ninerm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
+  \textfont1=\ninei \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
+  \textfont2=\ninesy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
+  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
+  \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}%
+  \textfont\itfam=\nineit
+  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}%
+  \textfont\slfam=\ninesl
+  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}%
+  \textfont\bffam=\ninebf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
+   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
+  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett}%
+  \textfont\ttfam=\ninett
+  \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
+  \normalbaselineskip=11pt
+  \def\MF{{\manual hijk}\-{\manual lmnj}}%
+  \let\sc=\sevenrm
+  \let\big=\ninebig
+  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width\z@}%
+  \normalbaselines\rm}
+
+\def\eightpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}%
+  \textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
+  \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
+  \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
+  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
+  \def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}%
+  \textfont\itfam=\eightit
+  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl}%
+  \textfont\slfam=\eightsl
+  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}%
+  \textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
+   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
+  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}%
+  \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt
+  \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
+  \normalbaselineskip=9pt
+  \def\MF{{\manual opqr}\-{\manual stuq}}%
+  \let\sc=\sixrm
+  \let\big=\eightbig
+  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt depth2pt width\z@}%
+  \normalbaselines\rm}
+
+\def\tenmath{\tenpoint\fam-1 } % use after $ in ninepoint sections
+\def\tenbig#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to8.5pt{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\ninebig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\tenrm\textfont2=\tensy
+  \left#1\vbox to7.25pt{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\eightbig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\ninerm\textfont2=\ninesy
+  \left#1\vbox to6.5pt{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+
+% Page layout
+\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight \newdimen\ruleht
+\hsize=29pc  \vsize=44pc  \maxdepth=2.2pt  \parindent=3pc
+\pagewidth=\hsize \pageheight=\vsize \ruleht=.5pt
+\abovedisplayskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 1pt
+\belowdisplayskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 1pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt plus 3pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=4pt plus 3pt
+
+%\newinsert\footins
+\def\footnote#1{\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}#1\@sf
+      \insert\footins\bgroup\eightpoint
+      \interlinepenalty100 \let\par=\endgraf
+        \leftskip=\z@skip \rightskip=\z@skip
+        \splittopskip=10pt plus 1pt minus 1pt \floatingpenalty=20000
+        \smallskip\item{#1}\bgroup\strut\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
+\skip\footins=12pt plus 2pt minus 4pt % space added when footnote is present
+%\count\footins=1000 % footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
+\dimen\footins=30pc % maximum footnotes per page
+
+\newinsert\margin
+\dimen\margin=\maxdimen
+%\count\margin=0 \skip\margin=0pt % marginal inserts take up no space
+
+\newif\iftitle
+\def\titlepage{\global\titletrue} % for pages without headlines
+\def\rhead{} % \rhead contains the running headline
+
+\def\leftheadline{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
+    \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the baseline
+    \llap{\tenbf\folio\kern1pc}% folio to left of text
+    \tenit\rhead\hfil% running head flush left
+    }}
+\def\rightheadline{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
+    \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the baseline
+    \hfil\tenit\rhead\/% running head flush right
+    \rlap{\kern1pc\tenbf\folio}% folio to right of text
+    }}
+
+\def\onepageout#1{\shipout\vbox{ % here we define one page of output
+    \offinterlineskip % butt the boxes together
+    \vbox to 3pc{ % this part goes on top of the 44pc pages
+      \iftitle % the next is used for title pages
+        \global\titlefalse % reset the titlepage switch
+        \setcornerrules % for camera alignment
+      \else\ifodd\pageno \rightheadline\else\leftheadline\fi\fi
+      \vfill} % this completes the \vbox to 3pc
+    \vbox to \pageheight{
+      \ifvoid\margin\else % marginal info is present
+        \rlap{\kern31pc\vbox to\z@{\kern4pt\box\margin \vss}}\fi
+      #1 % now insert the main information
+      \ifvoid\footins\else % footnote info is present
+        \vskip\skip\footins \kern-3pt
+        \hrule height\ruleht width\pagewidth \kern-\ruleht \kern3pt
+        \unvbox\footins\fi
+      \boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth
+      } % this completes the \vbox to \pageheight
+    }
+  \advancepageno}
+
+\def\setcornerrules{\hbox to \pagewidth{\vrule width 1pc height\ruleht
+    \hfil \vrule width 1pc}
+  \hbox to \pagewidth{\llap{\sevenrm(page \folio)\kern1pc}%
+    \vrule height1pc width\ruleht depth\z@
+    \hfil \vrule width\ruleht depth\z@}}
+
+\output{\onepageout{\unvbox255}}
+
+\newbox\partialpage
+\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup
+  \output={\global\setbox\partialpage=\vbox{\unvbox255\bigskip}}\eject
+  \output={\doublecolumnout} \hsize=14pc \vsize=89pc}
+\def\enddoublecolumns{\output={\balancecolumns}\eject
+  \endgroup \pagegoal=\vsize}
+
+\def\doublecolumnout{\splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
+  \dimen@=44pc \advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage
+  \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
+  \onepageout\pagesofar
+  \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty}
+\def\pagesofar{\unvbox\partialpage
+  \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}}
+\def\balancecolumns{\setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox255} \dimen@=\ht0
+  \advance\dimen@ by\topskip \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
+  \divide\dimen@ by2 \splittopskip=\topskip
+  {\vbadness=10000 \loop \global\setbox3=\copy0
+    \global\setbox1=\vsplit3 to\dimen@
+    \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@ \global\advance\dimen@ by1pt \repeat}
+  \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}
+  \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}
+  \pagesofar}
+
+% To produce only a subset of pages, put the page numbers on separate
+% lines in a file called pages.tex
+\let\Shipout=\shipout
+\newread\pages \newcount\nextpage \openin\pages=pages
+\def\getnextpage{\ifeof\pages\else
+ {\endlinechar=-1\read\pages to\next
+  \ifx\next\empty % in this case we should have eof now
+  \else\global\nextpage=\next\fi}\fi}
+\ifeof\pages\else\message{OK, I'll ship only the requested pages!}
+ \getnextpage\fi
+\def\shipout{\ifeof\pages\let\next=\Shipout
+ \else\ifnum\pageno=\nextpage\getnextpage\let\next=\Shipout
+  \else\let\next=\Tosspage\fi\fi \next}
+\newbox\garbage \def\Tosspage{\deadcycles=0\setbox\garbage=}
+
+% Chapter formatting
+% The preface and table of contents are formatted in place, not here
+
+\newcount\exno % for the number of exercises in the current chapter
+\newcount\subsecno % for the number of subsections in the current chapter
+
+\def\beginchapter#1 #2#3. #4\par{\global\exno=0
+  \subsecno=0
+  \def\chapno{#2#3}
+  \ifodd\pageno
+    \errmessage{You had too much text on that last page; I'm backing up}
+    \advance\pageno by-1 \fi
+  \titlepage
+  \def\\{ } % \\'s in the title will be treated as spaces
+  \message{#1 #2#3:} % show the chapter title on the terminal
+  \def\MF{{\manual 89:;<=>:}} % slant the logo
+  \xdef\rhead{#1 #2#3: #4\unskip}
+  {\def\TeX{T\kern-.2em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.06em X}
+    \def\MF{{\vbox to30pt{}\manual ()*+,-.*}}
+    \def\\{#3}
+    \ifx\empty\\ \rightline{\inchhigh #2\kern-.04em}
+    \else\rightline{\inchhigh #2\kern-.06em#3\kern-.04em}\fi
+    \vskip 1.75pc
+    \baselineskip 36pt \lineskiplimit \titlelsl \lineskip 12pt
+    \let\\=\cr % now the \\'s are line dividers
+    \halign{\line{\titlefont\hfil##}\\#4\unskip\\}
+    \vfill\eject} % output the chapter title page
+  \tenpoint
+  \noindent\ignorespaces} % the first paragraph of a chapter is not indented
+\newdimen\titlelsl \titlelsl=1pt
+
+\outer\def\endchapter{\ifodd\pageno \else\vfill\eject\null\fi
+  \begingroup\bigskip\vfill % beginning of the quotes
+  \def\eject{\endgroup\eject}
+  \def\par{\ifhmode\/\endgraf\fi}\obeylines
+  \def\TeX{T\kern-.2em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.000em X}
+  \def\MF{{\manual opqr}\-{\manual stuq}}
+  \eightpoint \let\tt=\ninett
+  \baselineskip 10pt
+  \parfillskip \z@
+  \interlinepenalty 10000
+  \leftskip \z@ plus 40pc minus \parindent
+  \let\rm=\eightss \let\sl=\eightssi
+  \everypar{\sl}}
+\def\author#1(#2){\smallskip\noindent\rm--- #1\unskip\enspace(#2)}
+
+\def\dbend{{\manual\char127}} % dangerous bend sign
+\def\d@nger{\medbreak\begingroup\clubpenalty=10000
+  \def\par{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak} \noindent\hang\hangafter=-2
+  \hbox to0pt{\hskip-\hangindent\dbend\hfill}\ninepoint}
+\outer\def\danger{\d@nger}
+\def\dd@nger{\medbreak\begingroup\clubpenalty=10000
+  \def\par{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak} \noindent\hang\hangafter=-2
+  \hbox to0pt{\hskip-\hangindent\dbend\kern1pt\dbend\hfill}\ninepoint}
+\outer\def\ddanger{\dd@nger}
+\def\enddanger{\endgraf\endgroup} % omits the \medbreak
+
+\outer\def\subsection#1. {\medbreak\advance\subsecno by 1
+  \noindent{\it \the\subsecno.\enspace#1.\enspace}}
+\def\ansno#1.#2:{\medbreak\noindent
+  \hbox to\parindent{\bf\hss#1.#2.\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+
+% Composition macros
+\hyphenation{man-u-script man-u-scripts ap-pen-dix xscaled}
+
+\def\AmSTeX{$\cal A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\cal M$}\kern-.075em
+  S$-\TeX}
+\def\bull{\vrule height .9ex width .8ex depth -.1ex } % square bullet
+\def\SS{{\it SS}} % scriptscript style
+\def\|{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\|}} % vertical line
+\def\dn{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char'14}} % downward arrow
+\def\up{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char'13}} % upward arrow
+\def\]{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\ }} % visible space
+
+\def\pt{\,{\rm pt}} % units of points, in math formulas
+\def\em{\,{\rm em}} % units of ems, in math formulas
+\def\<#1>{\leavevmode\hbox{$\langle$#1\/$\rangle$}} % syntactic quantity
+\def\oct#1{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\hex#1{\hbox{\rm\H{}\tt#1}} % hexadecimal constant
+\def\cstok#1{\leavevmode\thinspace\hbox{\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule\kern1pt
+        \hbox{\vphantom{\tt/}\thinspace{\tt#1}\thinspace}}
+      \kern1pt\hrule}\vrule}\thinspace} % control sequence token
+
+{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }}
+\def\parbreak{\hfil\break\indent\strut}
+\def\stretch{\nobreak\hskip0pt plus2pt\relax}
+
+% macros for non-centered displays
+\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
+{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
+  {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup\indent##\hfil&&\qquad##\hfil\cr}}
+\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
+
+% (the following \begin...\end-type macros do not appear in Appendix E)
+% macros for demonstrating math constructions
+\outer\def\beginmathdemo{$$\advance\baselineskip by2pt
+  \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 160pt{##\hfil}&$##$\hfil\cr\noalign{\vskip-2pt}}
+\outer\def\begindisplaymathdemo {$$\advance\baselineskip by15pt
+  \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 160pt{##\hfil}&$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\cr
+  \noalign{\vskip-15pt}}
+\outer\def\beginlongmathdemo{$$\advance\baselineskip by2pt
+  \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 210pt{##\hfil}&$##$\hfil\cr\noalign{\vskip-2pt}}
+\outer\def\beginlongdisplaymathdemo {$$\advance\baselineskip by15pt
+  \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 210pt{##\hfil}&$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\cr
+  \noalign{\vskip-15pt}}
+\outer\def\endmathdemo{\egroup$$}
+
+% macros for font tables
+\def\oddline#1{\cr
+  \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
+  \multispan{19}\hrulefill&
+  \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{#1x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr
+  \noalign{\nointerlineskip}}
+\def\evenline{\cr\noalign{\hrule}}
+\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}}
+\def\beginchart#1{$$\postdisplaypenalty=-10000 \global\count@=0 #1
+  \halign to\hsize\bgroup
+    \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt&
+    &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr
+    \lower6.5pt\null
+    &&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline}
+\def\endchart{\raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B&
+  &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$}
+\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\char\count@}%
+  \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition
+  \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi
+  \box0\global\advance\count@ by1 }
+\def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}
+\def\normalchart{%
+  &\oct{00x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline0
+  &\oct{01x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{02x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline1
+  &\oct{03x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{04x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline2
+  &\oct{05x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{06x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline3
+  &\oct{07x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{10x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline4
+  &\oct{11x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{12x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline5
+  &\oct{13x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{14x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline6
+  &\oct{15x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
+  &\oct{16x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline7
+  &\oct{17x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline}
+
+% (now Appendix E resumes again)
+% macros for verbatim scanning
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup
+  \catcode`\\=\other
+  \catcode`\{=\other
+  \catcode`\}=\other
+  \catcode`\$=\other
+  \catcode`\&=\other
+  \catcode`\#=\other
+  \catcode`\%=\other
+  \catcode`\~=\other
+  \catcode`\_=\other
+  \catcode`\^=\other
+  \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
+
+\outer\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf \ttverbatim \parskip=\z@
+  \catcode`\|=0 \rightskip-5pc \ttfinish}
+{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\other % | is temporary escape character
+  |obeylines % end of line is active
+  |gdef|ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{#2}|endgroup$$}}
+
+\catcode`\|=\active
+{\obeylines \gdef|{\ttverbatim \spaceskip\ttglue \let^^M=\  \let|=\endgroup}}
+
+% macros for syntax rules (again, not in Appendix E)
+\def\[#1]{\silenttrue\xref|#1|\thinspace{\tt#1}\thinspace} % keyword in syntax
+\def\beginsyntax{\endgraf\nobreak\medskip
+  \begingroup \catcode`<=13 \catcode`[=13
+  \let\par=\endsyntaxline \obeylines}
+\def\endsyntaxline{\futurelet\next\syntaxswitch}
+\def\syntaxswitch{\ifx\next\<\let\next=\syntaxrule
+  \else\ifx\next\endsyntax\let\next=\endgroup
+  \else\let\next=\continuerule\fi\fi \next}
+\def\continuerule{\hfil\break\indent\qquad}
+\def\endsyntax{\medbreak\noindent}
+{\catcode`<=13 \catcode`[=13
+  \global\let<=\< \global\let[=\[
+  \gdef\syntaxrule<#1>{\endgraf\indent\silentfalse\xref\<#1>}}
+\def\is{\ $\longrightarrow$ }
+\def\alt{\ $\vert$ }
+
+% macros to demarcate lines quoted from TeX source files
+\def\beginlines{\par\begingroup\nobreak\medskip\parindent\z@ \obeylines
+  \hrule\kern1pt\nobreak \everypar{\strut}}
+\def\endlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup\medbreak\noindent}
+\def\weakendlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup\medskip\noindent}
+\def\finalendlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup\medbreak}
+
+\outer\def\exercise{\medbreak
+  \global\advance\exno by 1
+  \noindent\llap{\manual\char'170\rm\kern.15em}% triangle in margin
+  {\ninebf EXERCISE \bf\chapno.\the\exno}\par\nobreak\noindent}
+\def\dexercise{\global\advance\exno by 1
+  \llap{\manual\char'170\rm\kern.15em}% triangle in indented space
+  {\eightbf EXERCISE \bf\chapno.\the\exno}\hfil\break}
+\outer\def\dangerexercise{\d@nger \dexercise}
+\outer\def\ddangerexercise{\dd@nger \dexercise}
+
+\newwrite\ans
+\immediate\openout\ans=answers % file for answers to exercises
+\outer\def\answer{\par\medbreak
+  \immediate\write\ans{}
+  \immediate\write\ans{\string\ansno\chapno.\the\exno:}
+  \copytoblankline}
+\def\copytoblankline{\begingroup\setupcopy\copyans}
+\def\setupcopy{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+  \catcode`\|=\other \obeylines}
+{\obeylines \gdef\copyans#1
+  {\def\next{#1}%
+  \ifx\next\empty\let\next=\endgroup %
+  \else\immediate\write\ans{\next} \let\next=\copyans\fi\next}}
+
+% Editorial notes: some things to watch for.
+
+% f |\ and f ^|\ => insert \/  [e.g., if\/ |\hbox|...]
+% appendi => check for \null  [e.g., Appendix~B\null.]
+% ly- => the hyphen is probably omittable
+% ''. and '', => transpose to .'' and ,''
+% dgement => dgment
+% in MFbook: f@' and \MF, and \MF.
+
+% Macros for drawing figures (not in Appendix E)
+\def\hidehrule#1#2{\kern-#1\hrule height#1 depth#2 \kern-#2 }
+\def\hidevrule#1#2{\kern-#1{\dimen0=#1
+    \advance\dimen0 by#2\vrule width\dimen0}\kern-#2 }
+% \makeblankbox puts rules at the edges of a blank box
+% whose dimensions are those of \box0 (assuming nonnegative wd,ht,dp)
+% #1 is rule thickness outside, #2 is rule thickness inside
+\def\makeblankbox#1#2{\hbox{\lower\dp0\vbox{\hidehrule{#1}{#2}%
+    \kern-#1% overlap the rules at the corners
+    \hbox to\wd0{\hidevrule{#1}{#2}%
+      \raise\ht0\vbox to #1{}% set the vrule height
+      \lower\dp0\vtop to #1{}% set the vrule depth
+      \hfil\hidevrule{#2}{#1}}%
+    \kern-#1\hidehrule{#2}{#1}}}}
+\def\maketypebox{\makeblankbox{0pt}{1pt}}
+\def\makelightbox{\makeblankbox{.2pt}{.2pt}}
+
+% \box\bigdot is a null box with a bullet at its reference point
+\newbox\bigdot \newbox\smalldot
+\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{}$} % \ht0 is the axis height
+\setbox1=\hbox to\z@{$\hss\bullet\hss$} % bullet is centered on the axis
+\setbox\bigdot=\vbox to\z@{\kern-\ht1 \kern\ht0 \box1 \vss}
+\setbox1=\hbox to\z@{$\hss\cdot\hss$} % cdot is centered on the axis
+\setbox\smalldot=\vbox to\z@{\kern-\ht1 \kern\ht0 \box1 \vss}
+
+% \arrows makes things like <--- text --->
+\def\arrows#1#2{% #1=width, #2=text
+  {\setbox0=\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\mathord-\mkern-2mu$}
+    \hbox to #1{\kern-.055556em$\leftarrow\mkern-6mu$%
+      \cleaders\copy0\hfil
+      \kern.4em #2\kern.4em
+      \cleaders\copy0\hfil
+      $\mkern-6mu\rightarrow$\kern-.055556em}}}
+
+% \samplebox makes the outline of a box, with big dot at reference point
+\def\samplebox#1#2#3#4{% #1=ht, #2=dp, #3=wd, #4=text
+  {\setbox0=\vtop{\vbox to #1{\hbox to #3{}\vss}
+      \nointerlineskip
+      \vbox to #2{}}% now \box0 has the desired ht, dp, and wd
+    \hbox{\copy\bigdot
+      \vrule height.2pt depth.2pt width#3%
+      \kern-#3%
+      \makelightbox
+      \kern-#3%
+      \raise#1\vbox{\hbox to #3{\hss#4\hss}
+        \kern 3pt}}}}
+
+% \sampleglue makes glue between sample boxes
+\newdimen\varunit
+\varunit=\hsize \advance\varunit by-2\parindent
+\divide\varunit by 58 % illustrations in Chapter 12
+\def\sampleglue#1#2{% #1=width, #2=text
+  \vtop{\hbox to #1{\xleaders\hbox to .5\varunit{\hss\copy\smalldot\hss}\hfil}
+    \kern3pt
+    \tabskip \z@ plus 1fil
+    \halign to #1{\hfil##\cr#2\cr}}}
+
+% Indexing macros
+\newif\ifproofmode
+\proofmodetrue % this should be false when making camera-ready copy
+\newwrite\inx
+\immediate\openout\inx=index % file for index reminders
+\newif\ifsilent
+\def\specialhat{\ifmmode\def\next{^}\else\let\next=\beginxref\fi\next}
+\def\beginxref{\futurelet\next\beginxrefswitch}
+\def\beginxrefswitch{\ifx\next\specialhat\let\next=\silentxref
+  \else\silentfalse\let\next=\xref\fi \next}
+\catcode`\^=\active \let ^=\specialhat
+\def\silentxref^{\silenttrue\xref}
+
+\def\marginstyle{\vrule height6pt depth2pt width\z@ \sevenrm}
+
+\chardef\bslash=`\\
+\def\xref{\futurelet\next\xrefswitch}
+\def\xrefswitch{\begingroup
+  \ifx\next|\aftergroup\vxref % case 1 or 2, |arg| or |\arg|
+  \else\ifx\next\<\aftergroup\anglexref % case 3, "\<arg>" means angle brackets
+    \else\aftergroup\normalxref \fi\fi\endgroup} % case 0, "{arg}"
+\def\vxref|{\catcode`\\=\active \futurelet\next\vxrefswitch}
+\def\vxrefswitch#1|{\catcode`\\=0
+  \ifx\next\empty\def\xreftype{2}%
+    \def\next{{\tt\bslash\text}}% type 2, |\arg|
+  \else\def\xreftype{1}\def\next{{\tt\text}}\fi % type 1, |arg|
+  \edef\text{#1}\makexref}
+{\catcode`\|=0 \catcode`\\=\active |gdef\{}}
+\def\anglexref\<#1>{\def\xreftype{3}\def\text{#1}%
+  \def\next{\<\text>}\makexref}
+\def\normalxref#1{\def\xreftype{0}\def\text{#1}\let\next=\text\makexref}
+\def\makexref{\ifproofmode\insert\margin{\hbox{\marginstyle\text}}%
+   \xdef\writeit{\write\inx{\text\space!\xreftype\space
+     \noexpand\number\pageno.}}\writeit
+   \else\ifhmode\kern\z@\fi\fi
+  \ifsilent\ignorespaces\else\next\fi}
+% the \insert (which is done in proofmode only) suppresses hyphenation,
+% so the \kern\z@ is put in to give the same effect in non-proofmode.
+
+% Internal cross references that may change
+\def\sesame{61} % page number for Sesame Street quote
+\def\bmiexno{20} % exercise number for bold math italic
+\def\punishexno{1} % exercise number for `punishment'
+\def\fracexno{6} % exercise number for `\frac'
+\def\vshippage{31} % error message from `\vship'
+\def\storypage{24} % listing of story.tex
+\def\metaT{4} % exercise number for T of METAFONT
+\def\xwhat{2} % exercise number for x3:=whatever
+\def\Xwhat{2} % exercise number for whatever itself
+
+\def\checkequals#1#2{\ifnum#1=#2\else
+  \errmessage{Redefine \string#1 to be \the#2}\fi}
+
+% Things for The METAFONTbook only
+\ifx\MFmanual\!\else\endinput\fi
+
+\def\!{\kern-.03em\relax}
+
+\def\frac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em
+  \raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}\kern-.1em
+  /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}}
+
+\outer\def\displayfig #1 (#2){$$\advance\abovedisplayskip by 3pt
+  \leftline{\indent\figbox{#1}{3in}{#2}\vbox}$$}
+\def\rightfig #1 (#2 x #3) ^#4 {% #2 wide and #3 deep, raised #4
+  \strut\vadjust{\setbox0=\vbox to 0pt{\vss
+      \hbox to\pagewidth{\hfil
+        \raise #4\figbox{#1}{#2}{#3}\vtop \quad}}
+    \dp0=0pt \box0}}
+\def\figbox#1#2#3#4{#4to#3{ % makes a box #2 wide and #3 deep
+    \ifproofmode\kern0pt\hrule\vfill
+    \hsize=#2 \baselineskip 6pt \fiverm\noindent\raggedright
+    (Figure #1 will be inserted here; too bad you can't see it now.)
+    \endgraf\vfill\hrule
+    \else\vfill\hbox to#2{}\fi}}
+
+\def\endsyntax{\begingroup\let\par=\endgraf\medbreak\endgroup\noindent}
+
+\let\BEGINCHAPTER=\beginchapter
+\def\beginchapter{\titlelsl=1pt \BEGINCHAPTER}
+\def\beginChapter{\titlelsl=2pt \BEGINCHAPTER}
+
+\def\decreasehsize #1 {\advance\hsize-#1}
+\def\restorehsize{\hsize=\pagewidth}
+
+\catcode`\@=\active
+\catcode`\"=\active
+\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\"=\other
+  \catcode`\\=\other
+  \catcode`\{=\other
+  \catcode`\}=\other
+  \catcode`\$=\other
+  \catcode`\&=\other
+  \catcode`\#=\other
+  \catcode`\%=\other
+  \catcode`\~=\other
+  \catcode`\_=\other
+  \catcode`\^=\other
+  \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
+\def\setupcopy{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+  \catcode`\|=\other \catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\"=\other \obeylines}
+\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em}}
+\def@#1@{\begingroup\def\_{\kern.04em
+    \vbox{\hrule width.3em height .6pt}\kern.08em}%
+  \ifmmode\mathop{\bf#1}\else\hbox{\bf#1\/}\fi\endgroup}
+\def"#1"{\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\xrefswitch{\begingroup
+  \ifx\next|\aftergroup\vxref % case 1, |arg| or |\arg|
+  \else\ifx\next@\aftergroup\boldxref % case 2, "@arg@" means boldface
+  \else\ifx\next"\aftergroup\italxref % case 4, ""arg"" means boldface
+  \else\ifx\next\<\aftergroup\anglexref % case 3, "\<arg>" means angle brackets
+    \else\aftergroup\normalxref \fi\fi\fi\fi\endgroup} % case 0, "{arg}"
+\def\boldxref@#1@{\def\xreftype{2}\def\text{#1}%
+  \def\next{@\text@}\makexref}
+\def\italxref"#1"{\def\xreftype{4}\def\text{#1}%
+  \def\next{"\text"}\makexref}
+
+\def\pyth+{\mathbin{++}}
+\def\0{\raise.7ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\#$}}
+\def\to{\mathrel{\ldotp\ldotp}}
+\def\dashto{\mathrel{\hbox{-\thinspace-\kern-.05em}}}
+\def\ddashto{\mathrel{\hbox{-\thinspace-\thinspace-\kern-.05em}}}
+\def\round{\mathop{\rm round}}
+\def\angle{\mathop{\rm angle}}
+\def\rmsqrt{\mathop{\rm sqrt}}
+\def\reverse{\mathop{\rm reverse}}
+\def\curl{\mathop{\rm curl}}
+\def\tension{\mathop{\rm tension}}
+\def\atleast{\mathop{\rm atleast}}
+\def\controls{\mathop{\rm controls}}
+\def\and{\,{\rm and}\,}
+\def\cycle{{\rm cycle}}
+\def\pickup{@pickup@ \thinspace}
+\def\penpos#1{\hbox{\it penpos}_{#1}}
+\def\pentaper#1{\hbox{\it pentaper}_{#1}}
+
+\chardef\hexa=1  % first hex
+\chardef\hexb=2 % top and bot adjusted
+\chardef\hexc=3 % same, bold
+\chardef\hexd=4 % same, confined to box
+\chardef\hexe=5 % penstroked hex
+\chardef\Aa=6 % stick-figure A, golden ratio
+\def\sevenAs{\char7\char8\char9\char10\char11\char12\char13} % same, variants
+\chardef\Az=14 % same, with crooked bar
+\chardef\Ab=15 % \Aa with rectilinear elliptical pen
+\chardef\Ac=16 % same, with the ellipse tilted
+\chardef\beana=17 % kidney bean, default pen
+\chardef\beanb=18 % same, twice as bold
+\chardef\beanc=19 % same, rectilinear elliptical pen
+\chardef\beand=20 % same, with the ellipse tilted
+\chardef\niba=21 % 10x rectilinear ellipse
+\chardef\nibb=22 % same, with the ellipse tilted
+\chardef\nibc=23 % same, 90 degrees titled
+\chardef\IOT=24 % Ionian T
+\chardef\IOS=25 % Ionian S
+\chardef\IOO=26 % Ionian O
+\chardef\IOI=27 % Ionian I
+\chardef\cubea=28 % possible cube
+\chardef\cubeb=29 % impossible cube
+\chardef\bicentennial=30 % star with overlapping strokes
+\chardef\oneu=31 % 1/4 of uuuu ornament
+\chardef\circa=32 % quartercircle
+\chardef\circb=33 % filled quartercircle
+\chardef\circc=34 % rotated quartercircle
+\chardef\circd=35 % cone
+\chardef\circe=36 % concentric circles
+\chardef\circf=37 % concentric diamonds
+\chardef\fouru=38 % uuuu ornament
+\chardef\fourc=39 % same, rotated
+\chardef\seventh='140 % 1/7, to go with cmssqi8
+
+\newdimen\apspix
+\apspix=31448sp % 8 APS pixels = 52413.64sp, and I'm taking 60% of this
+% to crude approximation, there are about 2\apspix per pt
+\newdimen\blankpix \newdimen\Blankpix
+\setbox0=\hbox{\manual P} \blankpix=\wd0 % approximately 1pt blank pixel
+\setbox0=\hbox{\manual R} \Blankpix=\wd0 % approximately 3pt blank pixel
+
+\def\leftheadline{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
+    \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the baseline
+    \llap{\tenbf\folio\kern1pc}% folio to left of text
+    \def\MF{{\manual 89:;<=>:}}% slanted 10pt
+    \tenit\rhead\hfil% running head flush left
+    }}
+\def\rightheadline{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
+    \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the baseline
+    \def\MF{{\manual 89:;<=>:}}% slanted 10pt
+    \hfil\tenit\rhead\/% running head flush right
+    \rlap{\kern1pc\tenbf\folio}% folio to right of text
+    }}
+\def\ttok#1{\leavevmode\thinspace\hbox{\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule\kern1pt
+        \hbox{\vphantom{\tt(j}\thinspace{\tt#1}\thinspace}}
+      \kern1pt\hrule}\vrule}\thinspace} % token
+
+\newdimen\tinypix \setbox0=\hbox{\sixrm0} \tinypix=5pt
+\newdimen\pixcorr \pixcorr=\tinypix \advance\pixcorr by-\wd0
+\def\pixpat#1#2#3#4{\vcenter{\sixrm\baselineskip=\tinypix
+  \hbox{#1\kern\pixcorr#2}\hbox{#3\kern\pixcorr#4}}}
+
+\font\rand=random
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/mftmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/mftmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3243e74d68d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/mftmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+% special macros for use with MFT output
+
+\font\tenlogo=logo10 % font used for the METAFONT logo
+\font\tentex=cmtex10 \hyphenchar\tentex=-1 % font used for strings
+\font\sevenit=cmti7  \scriptfont\itfam=\sevenit
+\def\MF{{\tenlogo META}\-{\tenlogo FONT}}
+
+\parindent=0pt
+\thinmuskip=5mu
+\thickmuskip=6mu plus 6mu
+\mathcode`\|="326A
+
+\def\\#1{{\it#1}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\0#1#2#3{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1#2#3\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\1#1{\mathop{\hbox{\rm#1}}} % operator, in roman type
+\def\2#1{\mathop{\hbox{\bf#1\/\kern.05em}}} % operator, in bold type
+\def\3#1{\,\mathclose{\hbox{\bf#1\/}}} % `fi' and `endgroup'
+\def\4#1{\mathbin{\hbox{\bf#1\/}}} % `step' and `at'
+\def\5#1{\hbox{\bf#1\/}} % `true' and `nullpicture'
+\def\6#1{\mathbin{\rm#1}} % `++' and `scaled'
+\def\7{\hbox\bgroup\nocats\frenchspacing\finstring} % string token
+\def\8#1{\mathrel{\mathcode`\.="8000 \mathcode`\-="8000
+  #1\unkern}} % `..' and `--'
+\def\9{\hfill$\%} % comment separator
+\def\?#1{\mathopen{#1}\;} % `:', `::', and `||:'
+\def\frac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em
+  \raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}\kern-.1em
+  /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}}
+
+\mathchardef\AM="2026 % ampersand
+\let\BL=\medskip % space for empty line
+\mathchardef\BS="026E %  backslash
+\mathchardef\HA="0222 % hat ("005E not as good)
+\def\PS{\mathbin{+{-}+}} % pythagorean subtraction
+\def\SH{\raise.7ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\#$}} % sharp sign for sharped units
+\mathchardef\TI="007E % tilde
+
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\nocats{\catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
+  \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
+  \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other
+  \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other}
+\def\finstring"#1"{\tentex"#1"\egroup}
+
+\newbox\shorthyf \setbox\shorthyf=\hbox{-\kern-.05em}
+\mathchardef\period=`\.
+{\catcode`\-=\active \global\def-{\copy\shorthyf\mkern3.9mu}
+ \catcode`\.=\active \global\def.{\period\mkern3mu}}
+
+\def\bf{\fam\bffam
+  \def\_{\kern.04em\vbox{\hrule width.3em height .6pt}\kern.08em}%
+  \tenbf}
+
+\def\join#1${} % say %%\join in .mf file to join lines together
+\def\]{\hskip0pt plus 1filll\ } % say % comment\] to get comment flush left
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/mptmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/mptmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5af73afdfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/mptmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+% Special macros for use with MFT output.
+% Adapted to METAPOST sources by Wlodek Bzyl, July 2001.
+
+\ifx\mptmacisloaded\relax\endinput\else\let\mptmacisloaded=\relax\fi
+
+\catcode`\@=11
+
+\font\tenlogo=logo10 % font used for the METAFONT logo
+\font\tentex=cmtex10 \hyphenchar\tentex=-1 % font used for strings
+\font\sevenit=cmti7  \scriptfont\itfam=\sevenit
+\def\MF{{\tenlogo META}\-{\tenlogo FONT}}
+\def\MP{{\tenlogo META}\-{\tenlogo POST}}
+
+\parindent=0pt
+\thinmuskip=5mu
+\thickmuskip=6mu plus 6mu
+\mathcode`\|="326A
+
+\def\\#1{{\it#1}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\0#1#2#3{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1#2#3\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\1#1{\mathop{\hbox{\rm#1}}} % operator, in roman type
+\def\2#1{\mathop{\hbox{\mftbf#1\/\kern.05em}}} % operator, in bold type
+\def\3#1{\,\mathclose{\hbox{\mftbf#1\/}}} % `fi' and `endgroup'
+\def\4#1{\mathbin{\hbox{\mftbf#1\/}}} % `step' and `at'
+\def\5#1{\hbox{\mftbf#1\/}} % `true' and `nullpicture'
+\def\6#1{\mathbin{\rm#1}} % `++' and `scaled'
+\def\7{\hbox\bgroup\mft@nocats\frenchspacing\mft@finstring} % string token
+\def\8#1{\mathrel{\mathcode`\.="8000 \mathcode`\-="8000
+  #1\unkern}} % `..' and `--'
+\def\9{\hfill$\%} % comment separator
+\def\?#1{\mathopen{#1}\;} % `:', `::', and `||:'
+\def\frac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em
+  \raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}\kern-.1em
+  /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}}
+
+\mathchardef\AM="2026 % ampersand
+\let\BL=\medskip % space for empty line
+\mathchardef\BS="026E %  backslash
+\mathchardef\HA="0222 % hat ("005E not as good)
+\def\PS{\mathbin{+{-}+}} % pythagorean subtraction
+\def\SH{\raise.7ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\#$}} % sharp sign for sharped units
+\mathchardef\TI="007E % tilde
+
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\mft@noc@ts{\catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
+  \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
+  \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\~=\other
+  \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other}
+\def\mft@nocats{\mft@noc@ts \catcode`\%=\other}
+\def\mft@finstring"#1"{\tentex"#1"\egroup}
+
+\newbox\mft@shorthyf \setbox\mft@shorthyf=\hbox{-\kern-.05em}
+\mathchardef\period=`\.
+{\catcode`\-=\active \global\def-{\copy\mft@shorthyf\mkern3.9mu}
+ \catcode`\.=\active \global\def.{\period\mkern3mu}}
+
+\def\mftbf{\fam\bffam
+  \def\_{\kern.04em\vbox{\hrule width.3em height .6pt}\kern.08em}%
+  \tenbf}
+
+\def\join#1${} % say %%\join in .mf file to join lines together
+\def\]{\hskip0pt plus 1filll\ } % say % comment\] to get comment flush left
+
+{\obeyspaces \global\let =\ } % don't skip spaces which begin a line
+
+\def\mft@verbatimtex{\begingroup 
+  \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}% don't skip empty lines
+  \mft@nocats \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
+
+% the percent sign in btex .. etex group is a comment character.
+\def\mft@btex{\begingroup \mft@noc@ts \obeyspaces \tt}
+
+% Names `\mftbeginV', `\mftbeginB', and `\mftend' are hard-wired into MFT
+
+\outer\def\mftbeginV#1{\5{#1}$\mftverbatimtex}
+\outer\def\mftbeginB#1{\5{#1}$\mftbtex}
+\def\mftend#1{$\5{#1}}
+
+\outer\def\mftverbatimtex{\let\par=\endgraf \mft@verbatimtex \parskip=\z@
+  \mft@finish}
+\outer\def\mftbtex{\mft@btex \mft@finish}
+
+{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\other % | is temporary escape character
+  |obeylines % end of line is active
+  |gdef|mft@finish#1\mftend{#1|endgroup|mftend}}
+
+\catcode`\@=12
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/picmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/picmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e1b537ab8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/picmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+% Pictures (a subset of \LaTeX's conventions, plus squines)
+\catcode`@=11 % enable private control sequences
+\def\wlog#1{} % don't put allocation info into the log
+
+\newskip\hsssglue \hsssglue=0pt plus 1fill minus 1fill \def\hsss{\hskip\hsssglue}
+
+\newdimen\unitlength \newdimen\linethickness
+\newdimen\@picheight \newdimen\@xdim \newdimen\@ydim \newdimen\@len \newdimen\@save
+\newcount\@multicount \newcount\@xarg \newcount\@yarg
+\newbox\@picbox \newbox\@mpbox
+
+\font\tenln=line10     \font\tenlnw=linew10
+\font\tencirc=lcircle10 \font\tencircw=lcirclew10
+
+\def\thinlines{\let\linefont=\tenln \let\circlefont=\tencirc
+  \linethickness=\fontdimen8\linefont}
+\def\thicklines{\let\linefont=\tenlnw \let\circlefont=\tencircw
+  \linethickness=\fontdimen8\linefont}
+\thinlines
+
+\def\beginpicture(#1,#2)(#3,#4){\@picheight=#2\unitlength
+  \setbox\@picbox=\hbox to#1\unitlength\bgroup \let\line=\@line
+    \kern-#3\unitlength \lower#4\unitlength\hbox\bgroup\ignorespaces}
+\def\endpicture{\egroup\hss\egroup
+  \ht\@picbox=\@picheight \dp\@picbox=\z@
+  \leavevmode\box\@picbox}
+
+\def\put(#1,#2)#3{\raise#2\unitlength\rlap{\kern#1\unitlength #3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\multiput(#1,#2)(#3,#4)#5#6{\@multicount=#5\relax
+ \@xdim=#1\unitlength \@ydim=#2\unitlength \setbox\@mpbox=\hbox{#6}%
+ \loop\ifnum\@multicount>0
+   \raise\@ydim\rlap{\kern\@xdim \unhcopy\@mpbox}%
+   \advance\@xdim#3\unitlength \advance\@ydim#4\unitlength
+   \advance\@multicount\m@ne \repeat\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\makebox(#1,#2)#3{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox to#1\unitlength{\hss#3\hss}%
+  \@ydim=\ht\@picbox \advance\@ydim-\dp\@picbox
+  \ht\@picbox=#2\unitlength \dp\@picbox=\z@
+  \leavevmode\lower.5\@ydim\box\@picbox}
+
+\newif\ifneg
+\def\@line(#1,#2)#3{\@xarg=#1 \@yarg=#2 \@len=#3\unitlength \leavevmode
+ \ifnum\@xarg<0 \reverseline \else \negfalse \@ydim=\z@\fi
+ \ifnum\@xarg=0 \@vline
+ \else\ifnum\@yarg=0 \@hline \else\@sline\fi\fi
+ \ifneg\kern-\@len\else\@save=\@ydim\fi}
+\def\reverseline{\negtrue \kern-\@len \@xarg=-\@xarg
+ \@ydim=\@len \multiply\@ydim\@yarg \divide\@ydim\@xarg \@yarg=-\@yarg}
+
+\def\@hline{\vrule height.5\linethickness depth.5\linethickness width\@len}
+\def\@vline{\kern-.5\linethickness\vrule width\linethickness
+  \ifnum\@yarg<0 height\z@ depth\else depth\z@ height\fi\@len
+  \kern-.5\linethickness}
+
+\def\@sline{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\linefont \count@=\@xarg \multiply\count@ 8
+ \ifnum\@yarg>0 \advance\count@\@yarg \advance\count@-9
+ \else \advance\count@-\@yarg \advance\count@ 55 \fi \char\count@}%
+ \ifnum\@yarg<0 \@picheight=-\ht\@picbox \advance\@ydim\@picheight
+ \else \@picheight=\ht\@picbox \fi
+ \@xdim=\wd\@picbox \@save=\@ydim
+ \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len \raise\@ydim\copy\@picbox
+  \advance\@xdim\wd\@picbox \advance\@ydim\@picheight \repeat
+ \advance\@xdim-\@len \kern-\@xdim
+ \multiply\@xdim\@yarg \divide\@xdim\@xarg \advance\@ydim-\@xdim
+ \raise\@ydim\box\@picbox}
+
+\def\vector(#1,#2)#3{\@line(#1,#2){#3}%
+ \ifnum\@xarg=0 \@vvector \else\ifnum\@yarg=0 \@hvector \else\@svector\fi\fi}
+\def\@hvector{\ifneg\rlap{\linefont\char27}\else
+ \smash{\llap{\linefont\char45}}\fi} % we have to smash because of font bug
+\def\@vvector{\ifnum\@yarg<0 \raise-\@len\rlap{\linefont\char63}%
+ \else\setbox\@picbox=\rlap{\linefont\char54}\advance\@len-\ht\@picbox
+ \raise\@len\box\@picbox\fi}
+
+\def\@svector{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox to\z@{\linefont
+ \ifnum\@yarg<0 \count@=55 \@yarg=-\@yarg \else\count@=-9 \fi
+ \ifneg\multiply\@xarg16 \multiply\@yarg2
+ \else\hss % \llap
+  \ifnum\@xarg>2 \multiply\@xarg9 \multiply\@yarg2 \advance\count@29
+  \else\ifnum\@yarg>2 \multiply\@xarg16 \multiply\@yarg9 \advance\count@-20
+   \else\multiply\@xarg24 \multiply\@yarg3 \fi\fi\fi
+  \advance\count@\@xarg \advance\count@\@yarg \char\count@
+  \ifneg\hss\fi}% \rlap
+ \raise\@save\box\@picbox}
+
+\def\disk#1{\@len=#1\unitlength \count@='160 \@diskcirc}
+\def\circle#1{\@len=#1\unitlength \count@='140 \@diskcirc}
+\def\@diskcirc{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\circlefont\char\count@}\@xdim=\wd\@picbox
+ \leavevmode \ifdim\@len>15.499\@xdim \@bigdc \else \@smalldc\fi}
+\def\@bigdc{\ifnum\count@<'160 \@bigcirc
+ \else \@len=15\@xdim \@diskcirc\fi}
+\def\@smalldc{{\advance\@len-.5\@xdim
+ \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len \advance\count@\@ne \advance\@xdim\wd\@picbox\repeat
+ \hbox{\circlefont\char\count@}}}
+\def\@bigcirc{{\circlefont\count@=15
+ \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char\count@}\@xdim=\wd\@picbox
+ \ifdim\@len>2.5\@xdim \@len=2.5\@xdim\fi
+ \advance\@len-.125\wd\@picbox
+ \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len \advance\count@ 4 \advance\@xdim.25\wd\@picbox\repeat
+ \@ydim=.5\@xdim \advance\@ydim.5\linethickness
+ \setbox\@picbox=\vbox{\hbox{\char\count@\advance\count@-3\char\count@}%
+  \nointerlineskip
+  \hbox{\advance\count@\m@ne\char\count@\advance\count@\m@ne\char\count@}}%
+ \kern-\@ydim\lower\@ydim\box\@picbox}}
+
+\newif\ifovaltl \newif\ifovaltr \newif\ifovalbl \newif\ifovalbr
+\ovaltltrue \ovaltrtrue \ovalbltrue \ovalbrtrue
+\def\oval(#1,#2){\@xdim=#1\unitlength \@ydim=#2\unitlength
+ {\circlefont \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char0}
+ \ifdim\@xdim<\wd\@picbox \@xdim=\wd\@picbox\fi
+ \ifdim\@ydim<\wd\@picbox \@ydim=\wd\@picbox\fi
+ \@save=\@xdim \ifdim\@ydim<\@save \@save=\@ydim \fi
+ \count@=39
+ \loop \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char\count@}\ifdim\@save<\wd\@picbox
+  \advance\count@-4 \repeat
+ \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height\ht\@picbox depth\dp\@picbox width\z@
+   \kern\wd\@picbox}%
+ \@save=.5\wd\@picbox \advance\@save-.5\linethickness
+ \setbox0=\hbox to\@xdim{\ifovaltl\char\count@\else\strut\fi
+  \kern-\@save\leaders\hrule height\ifovaltl\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil
+  \leaders\hrule height\ifovaltr\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil\kern\@save
+  \ifovaltr\advance\count@-3\char\count@\else\strut\fi\kern-\wd\@picbox}%
+  \advance\count@\m@ne
+ \setbox2=\hbox to\@xdim{\ifovalbl\char\count@\else\strut\fi
+  \kern-\@save\leaders\hrule height\ifovalbl\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil
+  \leaders\hrule height\ifovalbr\linethickness\else\z@\fi\hfil\kern\@save
+  \ifovalbr\advance\count@\m@ne\char\count@\else\strut\fi\kern-\wd\@picbox}%
+ \@save=\@ydim \advance\@save-\wd\@picbox \divide\@save 2
+ \setbox\@picbox=\vbox{\box0\nointerlineskip
+  \hbox to\@xdim{\vrule height\@save width\ifovaltl\linethickness\else\z@\fi
+    \hfil\ifovaltr\vrule width\linethickness\kern-\linethickness\fi}%
+  \nointerlineskip
+  \hbox to\@xdim{\vrule height\@save width\ifovalbl\linethickness\else\z@\fi
+    \hfil\ifovalbr\vrule width\linethickness\kern-\linethickness\fi}%
+  \nointerlineskip\box2}%
+  \@save=.5\@ydim \advance\@save.5\linethickness \leavevmode
+  \kern-.5\@xdim \kern-.5\linethickness \lower\@save\box\@picbox}}
+
+\def\cpic#1\endcpic{\vcenter{\hbox{\beginpicture#1\endpicture}}}
+
+% Squines (quadratic splines)
+% example of use: to plot f(x) between x0 and x1, you can say
+% \put(0,0){\squine(x0,xm,x1,y0,ym,y1)}, where y0=f(x0), y1=f(x1)
+% xm=(y0-y1+s1x1-s0x0)/(s1-s0), ym=(s0(s1x1-y1)-s1(s0x0-y0))/(s1-s0),
+% s0=f'(x0), and s1=f'(x1).
+
+\newdimen\@xi \newdimen\@xii \newdimen\@xiii \newdimen\@xiv
+\newdimen\@xpt \newdimen\@xoldpt
+\newdimen\@yi \newdimen\@yii \newdimen\@yiii \newdimen\@yiv
+\newdimen\@ypt \newdimen\@yoldpt
+\def\squine(#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6){\setbox\@picbox\hbox{\tencirc q}%
+ \global\@xoldpt=#1\unitlength \global\@yoldpt=#4\unitlength \kern\@xoldpt
+ \@xi=\@xoldpt \@xii=#2\unitlength \@xiii=#3\unitlength
+ \@yi=\@yoldpt \@yii=#5\unitlength \@yiii=#6\unitlength
+ \squinerec
+ \@xpt=#3\unitlength \@ypt=#6\unitlength \@addpoint
+ \raise\@ypt\copy\@picbox}
+\newif\iffar
+\def\squinerec{\farfalse \testnear\@xi\@xiii \testnear\@yi\@yiii
+ \iffar \decast \fi}
+\def\testnear#1#2{\@save=#1\advance\@save-#2%
+ \ifdim\@save<\z@ \@save=-\@save\fi \ifdim\@save>\p@ \fartrue \fi}
+\def\decast{\@xpt=\@xi \advance\@xpt\@xii \divide\@xpt2
+ \advance\@xii\@xiii \divide\@xii2
+ \@xiv=\@xpt \advance\@xiv\@xii \divide\@xiv2
+ \@ypt=\@yi \advance\@ypt\@yii \divide\@ypt2
+ \advance\@yii\@yiii \divide\@yii2
+ \@yiv=\@ypt \advance\@yiv\@yii \divide\@yiv2
+ \begingroup\@xii=\@xpt \@xiii=\@xiv
+  \@yii=\@ypt \@yiii=\@yiv \squinerec\endgroup
+ \@xpt=\@xiv \@ypt=\@yiv \@addpoint
+ \@xi=\@xiv \@yi=\@yiv \squinerec}
+\def\@addpoint{%\message{(\the\@xpt,\the\@ypt)}%
+ \global\advance\@xoldpt-\@xpt \wd\@picbox=-\@xoldpt
+ \raise\@yoldpt\copy\@picbox \global\@xoldpt=\@xpt \global\@yoldpt=\@ypt}
+
+\catcode`\@=12 % disable private control sequences
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/plain.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/plain.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02d0523dd55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/plain.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,1241 @@
+% This is the plain TeX format that's described in The TeXbook.
+% N.B.: A version number is defined at the very end of this file;
+%       please change that number whenever the file is modified!
+% And don't modify the file unless you change its name:
+%       Everybody's "plain.tex" file should be the same, worldwide.
+
+% Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long
+% as this file is not modified. Modifications are permitted, but only if
+% the resulting file is not named plain.tex.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 % left brace is begin-group character
+\catcode`\}=2 % right brace is end-group character
+\catcode`\$=3 % dollar sign is math shift
+\catcode`\&=4 % ampersand is alignment tab
+\catcode`\#=6 % hash mark is macro parameter character
+\catcode`\^=7 \catcode`\^^K=7 % circumflex and uparrow are for superscripts
+\catcode`\_=8 \catcode`\^^A=8 % underline and downarrow are for subscripts
+\catcode`\^^I=10 % ascii tab is a blank space
+\chardef\active=13 \catcode`\~=\active % tilde is active
+\catcode`\^^L=\active \outer\def^^L{\par} % ascii form-feed is "\outer\par"
+
+\message{Preloading the plain format: codes,}
+
+% We had to define the \catcodes right away, before the message line,
+% since \message uses the { and } characters.
+% When INITEX (the TeX initializer) starts up,
+% it has defined the following \catcode values:
+% \catcode`\^^@=9 % ascii null is ignored
+% \catcode`\^^M=5 % ascii return is end-line
+% \catcode`\\=0 % backslash is TeX escape character
+% \catcode`\%=14 % percent sign is comment character
+% \catcode`\ =10 % ascii space is blank space
+% \catcode`\^^?=15 % ascii delete is invalid
+% \catcode`\A=11 ... \catcode`\Z=11 % uppercase letters
+% \catcode`\a=11 ... \catcode`\z=11 % lowercase letters
+% all others are type 12 (other)
+
+% Here is a list of the characters that have been specially catcoded:
+\def\dospecials{\do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&%
+  \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~}
+% (not counting ascii null, tab, linefeed, formfeed, return, delete)
+% Each symbol in the list is preceded by \do, which can be defined
+% if you want to do something to every item in the list.
+
+% We make @ signs act like letters, temporarily, to avoid conflict
+% between user names and internal control sequences of plain format.
+\catcode`@=11
+
+% INITEX sets up \mathcode x=x, for x=0..255, except that
+% \mathcode x=x+"7100, for x = `A to `Z and `a to `z;
+% \mathcode x=x+"7000, for x = `0 to `9.
+% The following changes define internal codes as recommended
+% in Appendix C of The TeXbook:
+\mathcode`\^^@="2201 % \cdot
+\mathcode`\^^A="3223 % \downarrow
+\mathcode`\^^B="010B % \alpha
+\mathcode`\^^C="010C % \beta
+\mathcode`\^^D="225E % \land
+\mathcode`\^^E="023A % \lnot
+\mathcode`\^^F="3232 % \in
+\mathcode`\^^G="0119 % \pi
+\mathcode`\^^H="0115 % \lambda
+\mathcode`\^^I="010D % \gamma
+\mathcode`\^^J="010E % \delta
+\mathcode`\^^K="3222 % \uparrow
+\mathcode`\^^L="2206 % \pm
+\mathcode`\^^M="2208 % \oplus
+\mathcode`\^^N="0231 % \infty
+\mathcode`\^^O="0140 % \partial
+\mathcode`\^^P="321A % \subset
+\mathcode`\^^Q="321B % \supset
+\mathcode`\^^R="225C % \cap
+\mathcode`\^^S="225B % \cup
+\mathcode`\^^T="0238 % \forall
+\mathcode`\^^U="0239 % \exists
+\mathcode`\^^V="220A % \otimes
+\mathcode`\^^W="3224 % \leftrightarrow
+\mathcode`\^^X="3220 % \leftarrow
+\mathcode`\^^Y="3221 % \rightarrow
+\mathcode`\^^Z="8000 % \ne
+\mathcode`\^^[="2205 % \diamond
+\mathcode`\^^\="3214 % \le
+\mathcode`\^^]="3215 % \ge
+\mathcode`\^^^="3211 % \equiv
+\mathcode`\^^_="225F % \lor
+\mathcode`\ ="8000 % \space
+\mathcode`\!="5021
+\mathcode`\'="8000 % ^\prime
+\mathcode`\(="4028
+\mathcode`\)="5029
+\mathcode`\*="2203 % \ast
+\mathcode`\+="202B
+\mathcode`\,="613B
+\mathcode`\-="2200
+\mathcode`\.="013A
+\mathcode`\/="013D
+\mathcode`\:="303A
+\mathcode`\;="603B
+\mathcode`\<="313C
+\mathcode`\=="303D
+\mathcode`\>="313E
+\mathcode`\?="503F
+\mathcode`\[="405B
+\mathcode`\\="026E % \backslash
+\mathcode`\]="505D
+\mathcode`\_="8000 % \_
+\mathcode`\{="4266
+\mathcode`\|="026A
+\mathcode`\}="5267
+\mathcode`\^^?="1273 % \smallint
+
+% INITEX sets \uccode`x=`X and \uccode `X=`X for all letters x,
+% and \lccode`x=`x, \lccode`X=`x; all other values are zero.
+% No changes to those tables are needed in plain TeX format.
+
+% INITEX sets \sfcode x=1000 for all x, except that \sfcode`X=999
+% for uppercase letters. The following changes are needed:
+\sfcode`\)=0 \sfcode`\'=0 \sfcode`\]=0
+% The \nonfrenchspacing macro will make further changes to \sfcode values.
+
+% Finally, INITEX sets all \delcode values to -1, except \delcode`.=0
+\delcode`\(="028300
+\delcode`\)="029301
+\delcode`\[="05B302
+\delcode`\]="05D303
+\delcode`\<="26830A
+\delcode`\>="26930B
+\delcode`\/="02F30E
+\delcode`\|="26A30C
+\delcode`\\="26E30F
+% N.B. { and } should NOT get delcodes; otherwise parameter grouping fails!
+
+% To make the plain macros more efficient in time and space,
+% several constant values are declared here as control sequences.
+% If they were changed, anything could happen; so they are private symbols.
+\chardef\@ne=1
+\chardef\tw@=2
+\chardef\thr@@=3
+\chardef\sixt@@n=16
+\chardef\@cclv=255
+\mathchardef\@cclvi=256
+\mathchardef\@m=1000
+\mathchardef\@M=10000
+\mathchardef\@MM=20000
+
+% Allocation of registers
+
+% Here are macros for the automatic allocation of \count, \box, \dimen,
+% \skip, \muskip, and \toks registers, as well as \read and \write
+% stream numbers, \fam codes, \language codes, and \insert numbers.
+
+\message{registers,}
+
+% When a register is used only temporarily, it need not be allocated;
+% grouping can be used, making the value previously in the register return
+% after the close of the group.  The main use of these macros is for
+% registers that are defined by one macro and used by others, possibly at
+% different nesting levels.  All such registers should be defined through
+% these macros; otherwise conflicts may occur, especially when two or more
+% macro packages are being used at once.
+
+% The following counters are reserved:
+%   0 to 9  page numbering
+%       10  count allocation
+%       11  dimen allocation
+%       12  skip allocation
+%       13  muskip allocation
+%       14  box allocation
+%       15  toks allocation
+%       16  read file allocation
+%       17  write file allocation
+%       18  math family allocation
+%       19  language allocation
+%       20  insert allocation
+%       21  the most recently allocated number
+%       22  constant -1
+% New counters are allocated starting with 23, 24, etc.  Other registers are
+% allocated starting with 10.  This leaves 0 through 9 for the user to play
+% with safely, except that counts 0 to 9 are considered to be the page and
+% subpage numbers (since they are displayed during output). In this scheme,
+% \count 10 always contains the number of the highest-numbered counter that
+% has been allocated, \count 14 the highest-numbered box, etc.
+% Inserts are given numbers 254, 253, etc., since they require a \count,
+% \dimen, \skip, and \box all with the same number; \count 20 contains the
+% lowest-numbered insert that has been allocated. Of course, \box255 is
+% reserved for \output; \count255, \dimen255, and \skip255 can be used freely.
+
+% It is recommended that macro designers always use
+% \global assignments with respect to registers numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and
+% always non-\global assignments with respect to registers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 255.
+% This will prevent ``save stack buildup'' that might otherwise occur.
+
+\count10=22 % allocates \count registers 23, 24, ...
+\count11=9 % allocates \dimen registers 10, 11, ...
+\count12=9 % allocates \skip registers 10, 11, ...
+\count13=9 % allocates \muskip registers 10, 11, ...
+\count14=9 % allocates \box registers 10, 11, ...
+\count15=9 % allocates \toks registers 10, 11, ...
+\count16=-1 % allocates input streams 0, 1, ...
+\count17=-1 % allocates output streams 0, 1, ...
+\count18=3 % allocates math families 4, 5, ...
+\count19=0 % allocates \language codes 1, 2, ...
+\count20=255 % allocates insertions 254, 253, ...
+\countdef\insc@unt=20 % the insertion counter
+\countdef\allocationnumber=21 % the most recent allocation
+\countdef\m@ne=22 \m@ne=-1 % a handy constant
+\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} % write on log file (only)
+
+% Here are abbreviations for the names of scratch registers
+% that don't need to be allocated.
+
+\countdef\count@=255
+\dimendef\dimen@=0
+\dimendef\dimen@i=1 % global only
+\dimendef\dimen@ii=2
+\skipdef\skip@=0
+\toksdef\toks@=0
+
+% Now, we define \newcount, \newbox, etc. so that you can say \newcount\foo
+% and \foo will be defined (with \countdef) to be the next counter.
+% To find out which counter \foo is, you can look at \allocationnumber.
+% Since there's no \boxdef command, \chardef is used to define a \newbox,
+% \newinsert, \newfam, and so on.
+
+\outer\def\newcount{\alloc@0\count\countdef\insc@unt}
+\outer\def\newdimen{\alloc@1\dimen\dimendef\insc@unt}
+\outer\def\newskip{\alloc@2\skip\skipdef\insc@unt}
+\outer\def\newmuskip{\alloc@3\muskip\muskipdef\@cclvi}
+\outer\def\newbox{\alloc@4\box\chardef\insc@unt}
+\let\newtoks=\relax % we do this to allow plain.tex to be read in twice
+\outer\def\newhelp#1#2{\newtoks#1#1\expandafter{\csname#2\endcsname}}
+\outer\def\newtoks{\alloc@5\toks\toksdef\@cclvi}
+\outer\def\newread{\alloc@6\read\chardef\sixt@@n}
+\outer\def\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}
+\outer\def\newfam{\alloc@8\fam\chardef\sixt@@n}
+\outer\def\newlanguage{\alloc@9\language\chardef\@cclvi}
+\def\alloc@#1#2#3#4#5{\global\advance\count1#1by\@ne
+  \ch@ck#1#4#2% make sure there's still room
+  \allocationnumber=\count1#1%
+  \global#3#5=\allocationnumber
+  \wlog{\string#5=\string#2\the\allocationnumber}}
+\outer\def\newinsert#1{\global\advance\insc@unt by\m@ne
+  \ch@ck0\insc@unt\count
+  \ch@ck1\insc@unt\dimen
+  \ch@ck2\insc@unt\skip
+  \ch@ck4\insc@unt\box
+  \allocationnumber=\insc@unt
+  \global\chardef#1=\allocationnumber
+  \wlog{\string#1=\string\insert\the\allocationnumber}}
+\def\ch@ck#1#2#3{\ifnum\count1#1<#2%
+  \else\errmessage{No room for a new #3}\fi}
+
+% Here are some examples of allocation.
+\newdimen\maxdimen \maxdimen=16383.99999pt % the largest legal <dimen>
+\newskip\hideskip \hideskip=-1000pt plus 1fill % negative but can grow
+\newskip\centering \centering=0pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt
+\newdimen\p@ \p@=1pt % this saves macro space and time
+\newdimen\z@ \z@=0pt % can be used both for 0pt and 0
+\newskip\z@skip \z@skip=0pt plus0pt minus0pt
+\newbox\voidb@x % permanently void box register
+
+% And here's a different sort of allocation:
+% For example, \newif\iffoo creates \footrue, \foofalse to go with \iffoo.
+\outer\def\newif#1{\count@\escapechar \escapechar\m@ne
+  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
+   \def\@if#1{true}{\let#1=\iftrue}%
+  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
+   \def\@if#1{false}{\let#1=\iffalse}%
+  \@if#1{false}\escapechar\count@} % the condition starts out false
+\def\@if#1#2{\csname\expandafter\if@\string#1#2\endcsname}
+{\uccode`1=`i \uccode`2=`f \uppercase{\gdef\if@12{}}} % `if' is required
+
+% Assign initial values to TeX's parameters
+
+\message{parameters,}
+
+% All of TeX's numeric parameters are listed here,
+% but the code is commented out if no special value needs to be set.
+% INITEX makes all parameters zero except where noted.
+
+\pretolerance=100
+\tolerance=200 % INITEX sets this to 10000
+\hbadness=1000
+\vbadness=1000
+\linepenalty=10
+\hyphenpenalty=50
+\exhyphenpenalty=50
+\binoppenalty=700
+\relpenalty=500
+\clubpenalty=150
+\widowpenalty=150
+\displaywidowpenalty=50
+\brokenpenalty=100
+\predisplaypenalty=10000
+% \postdisplaypenalty=0
+% \interlinepenalty=0
+% \floatingpenalty=0, set during \insert
+% \outputpenalty=0, set before TeX enters \output
+\doublehyphendemerits=10000
+\finalhyphendemerits=5000
+\adjdemerits=10000
+% \looseness=0, cleared by TeX after each paragraph
+% \pausing=0
+% \holdinginserts=0
+% \tracingonline=0
+% \tracingmacros=0
+% \tracingstats=0
+% \tracingparagraphs=0
+% \tracingpages=0
+% \tracingoutput=0
+\tracinglostchars=1
+% \tracingcommands=0
+% \tracingrestores=0
+% \language=0
+\uchyph=1
+% \lefthyphenmin=2 \righthyphenmin=3 set below
+% \globaldefs=0
+% \maxdeadcycles=25 % INITEX does this
+% \hangafter=1 % INITEX does this, also TeX after each paragraph
+% \fam=0
+% \mag=1000 % INITEX does this
+% \escapechar=`\\ % INITEX does this
+\defaulthyphenchar=`\-
+\defaultskewchar=-1
+% \endlinechar=`\^^M % INITEX does this
+\newlinechar=-1
+\delimiterfactor=901
+% \time=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+% \day=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+% \month=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+% \year=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+\showboxbreadth=5
+\showboxdepth=3
+\errorcontextlines=5
+
+\hfuzz=0.1pt
+\vfuzz=0.1pt
+\overfullrule=5pt
+\hsize=6.5in
+\vsize=8.9in
+\maxdepth=4pt
+\splitmaxdepth=\maxdimen
+\boxmaxdepth=\maxdimen
+% \lineskiplimit=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
+\delimitershortfall=5pt
+\nulldelimiterspace=1.2pt
+\scriptspace=0.5pt
+% \mathsurround=0pt
+% \predisplaysize=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
+% \displaywidth=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
+% \displayindent=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
+\parindent=20pt
+% \hangindent=0pt, zeroed by TeX after each paragraph
+% \hoffset=0pt
+% \voffset=0pt
+
+% \baselineskip=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
+% \lineskip=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
+\parskip=0pt plus 1pt
+\abovedisplayskip=12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt plus 3pt
+\belowdisplayskip=12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=7pt plus 3pt minus 4pt
+% \leftskip=0pt
+% \rightskip=0pt
+\topskip=10pt
+\splittopskip=10pt
+% \tabskip=0pt
+% \spaceskip=0pt
+% \xspaceskip=0pt
+\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
+
+\thinmuskip=3mu
+\medmuskip=4mu plus 2mu minus 4mu
+\thickmuskip=5mu plus 5mu
+
+% We also define special registers that function like parameters:
+\newskip\smallskipamount \smallskipamount=3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
+\newskip\medskipamount \medskipamount=6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\newskip\bigskipamount \bigskipamount=12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
+\newskip\normalbaselineskip \normalbaselineskip=12pt
+\newskip\normallineskip \normallineskip=1pt
+\newdimen\normallineskiplimit \normallineskiplimit=0pt
+\newdimen\jot \jot=3pt
+\newcount\interdisplaylinepenalty \interdisplaylinepenalty=100
+\newcount\interfootnotelinepenalty \interfootnotelinepenalty=100
+
+% Definitions for preloaded fonts
+
+\def\magstephalf{1095 }
+\def\magstep#1{\ifcase#1 \@m\or 1200\or 1440\or 1728\or 2074\or 2488\fi\relax}
+
+% Fonts assigned to \preloaded are not part of "plain TeX",
+% but they are preloaded so that other format packages can use them.
+% For example, if another set of macros says "\font\ninerm=cmr9",
+% TeX will not have to reload the font metric information for cmr9.
+
+\message{fonts,}
+
+\font\tenrm=cmr10 % roman text
+\font\preloaded=cmr9
+\font\preloaded=cmr8
+\font\sevenrm=cmr7
+\font\preloaded=cmr6
+\font\fiverm=cmr5
+
+\font\teni=cmmi10 % math italic
+\font\preloaded=cmmi9
+\font\preloaded=cmmi8
+\font\seveni=cmmi7
+\font\preloaded=cmmi6
+\font\fivei=cmmi5
+
+\font\tensy=cmsy10 % math symbols
+\font\preloaded=cmsy9
+\font\preloaded=cmsy8
+\font\sevensy=cmsy7
+\font\preloaded=cmsy6
+\font\fivesy=cmsy5
+
+\font\tenex=cmex10 % math extension
+
+\font\preloaded=cmss10 % sans serif
+\font\preloaded=cmssq8
+
+\font\preloaded=cmssi10 % sans serif italic
+\font\preloaded=cmssqi8
+
+\font\tenbf=cmbx10 % boldface extended
+\font\preloaded=cmbx9
+\font\preloaded=cmbx8
+\font\sevenbf=cmbx7
+\font\preloaded=cmbx6
+\font\fivebf=cmbx5
+
+\font\tentt=cmtt10 % typewriter
+\font\preloaded=cmtt9
+\font\preloaded=cmtt8
+
+\font\preloaded=cmsltt10 % slanted typewriter
+
+\font\tensl=cmsl10 % slanted roman
+\font\preloaded=cmsl9
+\font\preloaded=cmsl8
+
+\font\tenit=cmti10 % text italic
+\font\preloaded=cmti9
+\font\preloaded=cmti8
+\font\preloaded=cmti7
+
+\message{more fonts,}
+\font\preloaded=cmu10 % unslanted text italic
+
+\font\preloaded=cmmib10 % bold math italic
+\font\preloaded=cmbsy10 % bold math symbols
+
+\font\preloaded=cmcsc10 % caps and small caps
+
+\font\preloaded=cmssbx10 % sans serif bold extended
+
+\font\preloaded=cmdunh10 % Dunhill style
+
+\font\preloaded=cmr7 scaled \magstep4 % for titles
+\font\preloaded=cmtt10 scaled \magstep2
+\font\preloaded=cmssbx10 scaled \magstep2
+
+\font\preloaded=manfnt % METAFONT logo and dragon curve and special symbols
+
+% Additional \preloaded fonts can be specified here.
+% (And those that were \preloaded above can be eliminated.)
+
+\let\preloaded=\undefined % preloaded fonts must be declared anew later.
+
+\skewchar\teni='177 \skewchar\seveni='177 \skewchar\fivei='177
+\skewchar\tensy='60 \skewchar\sevensy='60 \skewchar\fivesy='60
+
+\textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
+\def\rm{\fam\z@\tenrm}
+\textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
+\def\mit{\fam\@ne} \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\teni}
+\textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
+\def\cal{\fam\tw@}
+\textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
+\newfam\itfam \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit} % \it is family 4
+\textfont\itfam=\tenit
+\newfam\slfam \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl} % \sl is family 5
+\textfont\slfam=\tensl
+\newfam\bffam \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf} % \bf is family 6
+\textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
+\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
+\newfam\ttfam \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt} % \tt is family 7
+\textfont\ttfam=\tentt
+
+% Macros for setting ordinary text
+\message{macros,}
+
+\def\frenchspacing{\sfcode`\.\@m \sfcode`\?\@m \sfcode`\!\@m
+  \sfcode`\:\@m \sfcode`\;\@m \sfcode`\,\@m}
+\def\nonfrenchspacing{\sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000%
+  \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250 }
+
+\def\normalbaselines{\lineskip\normallineskip
+  \baselineskip\normalbaselineskip \lineskiplimit\normallineskiplimit}
+
+\def\^^M{\ } % control <return> = control <space>
+\def\^^I{\ } % same for <tab>
+
+\def\lq{`} \def\rq{'}
+\def\lbrack{[} \def\rbrack{]}
+
+\let\endgraf=\par \let\endline=\cr
+
+\def\space{ }
+\def\empty{}
+\def\null{\hbox{}}
+
+\let\bgroup={ \let\egroup=}
+
+% In \obeylines, we say `\let^^M=\par' instead of `\def^^M{\par}'
+% since this allows, for example, `\let\par=\cr \obeylines \halign{...'
+{\catcode`\^^M=\active % these lines must end with %
+  \gdef\obeylines{\catcode`\^^M\active \let^^M\par}%
+  \global\let^^M\par} % this is in case ^^M appears in a \write
+\def\obeyspaces{\catcode`\ \active}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\space}
+
+\def\loop#1\repeat{\def\body{#1}\iterate}
+\def\iterate{\body \let\next\iterate \else\let\next\relax\fi \next}
+\let\repeat=\fi % this makes \loop...\if...\repeat skippable
+
+\def\thinspace{\kern .16667em }
+\def\negthinspace{\kern-.16667em }
+\def\enspace{\kern.5em }
+
+\def\enskip{\hskip.5em\relax}
+\def\quad{\hskip1em\relax}
+\def\qquad{\hskip2em\relax}
+
+\def\smallskip{\vskip\smallskipamount}
+\def\medskip{\vskip\medskipamount}
+\def\bigskip{\vskip\bigskipamount}
+
+\def\nointerlineskip{\prevdepth-1000\p@}
+\def\offinterlineskip{\baselineskip-1000\p@
+  \lineskip\z@ \lineskiplimit\maxdimen}
+
+\def\topglue{\nointerlineskip\vglue-\topskip\vglue} % for top of page
+\def\vglue{\afterassignment\vgl@\skip@=}
+\def\vgl@{\par \dimen@\prevdepth \hrule height\z@
+  \nobreak\vskip\skip@ \prevdepth\dimen@}
+\def\hglue{\afterassignment\hgl@\skip@=}
+\def\hgl@{\leavevmode \count@\spacefactor \vrule width\z@
+  \nobreak\hskip\skip@ \spacefactor\count@}
+
+\def~{\penalty\@M \ } % tie
+\def\slash{/\penalty\exhyphenpenalty} % a `/' that acts like a `-'
+
+\def\break{\penalty-\@M}
+\def\nobreak{\penalty \@M}
+\def\allowbreak{\penalty \z@}
+
+\def\filbreak{\par\vfil\penalty-200\vfilneg}
+\def\goodbreak{\par\penalty-500 }
+\def\eject{\par\break}
+\def\supereject{\par\penalty-\@MM}
+
+\def\removelastskip{\ifdim\lastskip=\z@\else\vskip-\lastskip\fi}
+\def\smallbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount
+  \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi}
+\def\medbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount
+  \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi}
+\def\bigbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount
+  \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi}
+
+\def\line{\hbox to\hsize}
+\def\leftline#1{\line{#1\hss}}
+\def\rightline#1{\line{\hss#1}}
+\def\centerline#1{\line{\hss#1\hss}}
+
+\def\rlap#1{\hbox to\z@{#1\hss}}
+\def\llap#1{\hbox to\z@{\hss#1}}
+
+\def\m@th{\mathsurround\z@}
+\def\underbar#1{$\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dp\z@\z@
+  \m@th \underline{\box\z@}$}
+
+\newbox\strutbox
+\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8.5pt depth3.5pt width\z@}
+\def\strut{\relax\ifmmode\copy\strutbox\else\unhcopy\strutbox\fi}
+
+\def\hidewidth{\hskip\hideskip} % for alignment entries that can stick out
+\def\ialign{\everycr{}\tabskip\z@skip\halign} % initialized \halign
+\newcount\mscount
+\def\multispan#1{\omit \mscount#1\relax
+  \loop\ifnum\mscount>\@ne \sp@n\repeat}
+\def\sp@n{\span\omit\advance\mscount\m@ne}
+
+\newif\ifus@ \newif\if@cr
+\newbox\tabs \newbox\tabsyet \newbox\tabsdone
+
+\def\cleartabs{\global\setbox\tabsyet\null \setbox\tabs\null}
+\def\settabs{\setbox\tabs\null \futurelet\next\sett@b}
+\let\+=\relax % in case this file is being read in twice
+\def\sett@b{\ifx\next\+\def\nxt{\afterassignment\s@tt@b\let\nxt}%
+  \else\let\nxt\s@tcols\fi \let\next\relax \nxt}
+\def\s@tt@b{\let\nxt\relax \us@false\m@ketabbox}
+\def\tabalign{\us@true\m@ketabbox} % non-\outer version of \+
+\outer\def\+{\tabalign}
+\def\s@tcols#1\columns{\count@#1\dimen@\hsize
+  \loop\ifnum\count@>\z@ \@nother \repeat}
+\def\@nother{\dimen@ii\dimen@ \divide\dimen@ii\count@
+  \setbox\tabs\hbox{\hbox to\dimen@ii{}\unhbox\tabs}%
+  \advance\dimen@-\dimen@ii \advance\count@\m@ne}
+
+\def\m@ketabbox{\begingroup
+  \global\setbox\tabsyet\copy\tabs
+  \global\setbox\tabsdone\null
+  \def\cr{\@crtrue\crcr\egroup\egroup
+    \ifus@\unvbox\z@\lastbox\fi\endgroup
+    \setbox\tabs\hbox{\unhbox\tabsyet\unhbox\tabsdone}}%
+  \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup\@crfalse
+    \ialign\bgroup&\t@bbox##\t@bb@x\crcr}
+
+\def\t@bbox{\setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup}
+\def\t@bb@x{\if@cr\egroup % now \box\z@ holds the column
+  \else\hss\egroup \global\setbox\tabsyet\hbox{\unhbox\tabsyet
+      \global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}% now \box\@ne holds its size
+    \ifvoid\@ne\global\setbox\@ne\hbox to\wd\z@{}%
+    \else\setbox\z@\hbox to\wd\@ne{\unhbox\z@}\fi
+    \global\setbox\tabsdone\hbox{\box\@ne\unhbox\tabsdone}\fi
+  \box\z@}
+
+\def\hang{\hangindent\parindent}
+\def\textindent#1{\indent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+\def\item{\par\hang\textindent}
+\def\itemitem{\par\indent \hangindent2\parindent \textindent}
+\def\narrower{\advance\leftskip\parindent
+  \advance\rightskip\parindent}
+
+\outer\def\beginsection#1\par{\vskip\z@ plus.3\vsize\penalty-250
+  \vskip\z@ plus-.3\vsize\bigskip\vskip\parskip
+  \message{#1}\leftline{\bf#1}\nobreak\smallskip\noindent}
+\outer\def\proclaim #1. #2\par{\medbreak
+  \noindent{\bf#1.\enspace}{\sl#2\par}%
+  \ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount \removelastskip\penalty55\medskip\fi}
+
+\def\raggedright{\rightskip\z@ plus2em \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em\relax}
+\def\ttraggedright{\tt\rightskip\z@ plus2em\relax} % for use with \tt only
+
+\chardef\%=`\%
+\chardef\&=`\&
+\chardef\#=`\#
+\chardef\$=`\$
+\chardef\ss="19
+\chardef\ae="1A
+\chardef\oe="1B
+\chardef\o="1C
+\chardef\AE="1D
+\chardef\OE="1E
+\chardef\O="1F
+\chardef\i="10 \chardef\j="11 % dotless letters
+\def\aa{\accent23a}
+\def\l{\char32l}
+\def\L{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{L}\hbox to\wd0{\hss\char32L}}
+
+\def\leavevmode{\unhbox\voidb@x} % begins a paragraph, if necessary
+\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em}}
+\def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{!}\dimen@\ht0\advance\dimen@-1ex%
+  \rlap{\raise.67\dimen@\hbox{\char'27}}A}
+
+\def\mathhexbox#1#2#3{\leavevmode
+  \hbox{$\m@th \mathchar"#1#2#3$}}
+\def\dag{\mathhexbox279}
+\def\ddag{\mathhexbox27A}
+\def\S{\mathhexbox278}
+\def\P{\mathhexbox27B}
+\def\Orb{\mathhexbox20D}
+
+\def\oalign#1{\leavevmode\vtop{\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip.25ex%
+  \ialign{##\crcr#1\crcr}}} \def\o@lign{\lineskiplimit\z@ \oalign}
+\def\ooalign{\lineskiplimit-\maxdimen \oalign} % chars over each other
+{\catcode`p=12 \catcode`t=12 \gdef\\#1pt{#1}} \let\getf@ctor=\\
+\def\sh@ft#1{\dimen@#1\kern\expandafter\getf@ctor\the\fontdimen1\font
+  \dimen@} % kern by #1 times the current slant
+\def\d#1{{\o@lign{\relax#1\crcr\hidewidth\sh@ft{-1ex}.\hidewidth}}}
+\def\b#1{{\o@lign{\relax#1\crcr\hidewidth\sh@ft{-3ex}%
+    \vbox to.2ex{\hbox{\char22}\vss}\hidewidth}}}
+\def\c#1{{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\ifdim\ht\z@=1ex\accent24 #1%
+  \else\ooalign{\unhbox\z@\crcr\hidewidth\char24\hidewidth}\fi}}
+\def\copyright{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{c}\hfil\crcr\Orb}}}
+
+\def\dots{\relax\ifmmode\ldots\else$\m@th\ldots\,$\fi}
+\def\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}
+
+\def\`#1{{\accent18 #1}}
+\def\'#1{{\accent19 #1}}
+\def\v#1{{\accent20 #1}} \let\^^_=\v
+\def\u#1{{\accent21 #1}} \let\^^S=\u
+\def\=#1{{\accent22 #1}}
+\def\^#1{{\accent94 #1}} \let\^^D=\^
+\def\.#1{{\accent95 #1}}
+\def\H#1{{\accent"7D #1}}
+\def\~#1{{\accent"7E #1}}
+\def\"#1{{\accent"7F #1}}
+\def\t#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\the\textfont1\accent"7F\next#1}}
+
+\def\hrulefill{\leaders\hrule\hfill}
+\def\dotfill{\cleaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hfill}
+\def\rightarrowfill{$\m@th\smash-\mkern-7mu%
+  \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill
+  \mkern-7mu\mathord\rightarrow$}
+\def\leftarrowfill{$\m@th\mathord\leftarrow\mkern-7mu%
+  \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill
+  \mkern-7mu\smash-$}
+\mathchardef\braceld="37A \mathchardef\bracerd="37B
+\mathchardef\bracelu="37C \mathchardef\braceru="37D
+\def\downbracefill{$\m@th \setbox\z@\hbox{$\braceld$}%
+  \braceld\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\braceru
+  \bracelu\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\bracerd$}
+\def\upbracefill{$\m@th \setbox\z@\hbox{$\braceld$}%
+  \bracelu\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\bracerd
+  \braceld\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\braceru$}
+
+\outer\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
+
+% Macros for math setting
+\message{math definitions,}
+
+\let\sp=^ \let\sb=_
+\def\,{\mskip\thinmuskip}
+\def\>{\mskip\medmuskip}
+\def\;{\mskip\thickmuskip}
+\def\!{\mskip-\thinmuskip}
+\def\*{\discretionary{\thinspace\the\textfont2\char2}{}{}}
+{\catcode`\'=\active \gdef'{^\bgroup\prim@s}}
+\def\prim@s{\prime\futurelet\next\pr@m@s}
+\def\pr@m@s{\ifx'\next\let\nxt\pr@@@s \else\ifx^\next\let\nxt\pr@@@t
+  \else\let\nxt\egroup\fi\fi \nxt}
+\def\pr@@@s#1{\prim@s} \def\pr@@@t#1#2{#2\egroup}
+{\catcode`\^^Z=\active \gdef^^Z{\not=}} % ^^Z is like \ne in math
+
+{\catcode`\_=\active \global\let_=\_} % _ in math is either subscript or \_
+
+\mathchardef\alpha="010B
+\mathchardef\beta="010C
+\mathchardef\gamma="010D
+\mathchardef\delta="010E
+\mathchardef\epsilon="010F
+\mathchardef\zeta="0110
+\mathchardef\eta="0111
+\mathchardef\theta="0112
+\mathchardef\iota="0113
+\mathchardef\kappa="0114
+\mathchardef\lambda="0115
+\mathchardef\mu="0116
+\mathchardef\nu="0117
+\mathchardef\xi="0118
+\mathchardef\pi="0119
+\mathchardef\rho="011A
+\mathchardef\sigma="011B
+\mathchardef\tau="011C
+\mathchardef\upsilon="011D
+\mathchardef\phi="011E
+\mathchardef\chi="011F
+\mathchardef\psi="0120
+\mathchardef\omega="0121
+\mathchardef\varepsilon="0122
+\mathchardef\vartheta="0123
+\mathchardef\varpi="0124
+\mathchardef\varrho="0125
+\mathchardef\varsigma="0126
+\mathchardef\varphi="0127
+\mathchardef\Gamma="7000
+\mathchardef\Delta="7001
+\mathchardef\Theta="7002
+\mathchardef\Lambda="7003
+\mathchardef\Xi="7004
+\mathchardef\Pi="7005
+\mathchardef\Sigma="7006
+\mathchardef\Upsilon="7007
+\mathchardef\Phi="7008
+\mathchardef\Psi="7009
+\mathchardef\Omega="700A
+
+\mathchardef\aleph="0240
+\def\hbar{{\mathchar'26\mkern-9muh}}
+\mathchardef\imath="017B
+\mathchardef\jmath="017C
+\mathchardef\ell="0160
+\mathchardef\wp="017D
+\mathchardef\Re="023C
+\mathchardef\Im="023D
+\mathchardef\partial="0140
+\mathchardef\infty="0231
+\mathchardef\prime="0230
+\mathchardef\emptyset="023B
+\mathchardef\nabla="0272
+\def\surd{{\mathchar"1270}}
+\mathchardef\top="023E
+\mathchardef\bot="023F
+\def\angle{{\vbox{\ialign{$\m@th\scriptstyle##$\crcr
+      \not\mathrel{\mkern14mu}\crcr
+      \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
+      \mkern2.5mu\leaders\hrule height.34pt\hfill\mkern2.5mu\crcr}}}}
+\mathchardef\triangle="0234
+\mathchardef\forall="0238
+\mathchardef\exists="0239
+\mathchardef\neg="023A \let\lnot=\neg
+\mathchardef\flat="015B
+\mathchardef\natural="015C
+\mathchardef\sharp="015D
+\mathchardef\clubsuit="027C
+\mathchardef\diamondsuit="027D
+\mathchardef\heartsuit="027E
+\mathchardef\spadesuit="027F
+
+\mathchardef\coprod="1360
+\mathchardef\bigvee="1357
+\mathchardef\bigwedge="1356
+\mathchardef\biguplus="1355
+\mathchardef\bigcap="1354
+\mathchardef\bigcup="1353
+\mathchardef\intop="1352 \def\int{\intop\nolimits}
+\mathchardef\prod="1351
+\mathchardef\sum="1350
+\mathchardef\bigotimes="134E
+\mathchardef\bigoplus="134C
+\mathchardef\bigodot="134A
+\mathchardef\ointop="1348 \def\oint{\ointop\nolimits}
+\mathchardef\bigsqcup="1346
+\mathchardef\smallint="1273
+
+\mathchardef\triangleleft="212F
+\mathchardef\triangleright="212E
+\mathchardef\bigtriangleup="2234
+\mathchardef\bigtriangledown="2235
+\mathchardef\wedge="225E \let\land=\wedge
+\mathchardef\vee="225F \let\lor=\vee
+\mathchardef\cap="225C
+\mathchardef\cup="225B
+\mathchardef\ddagger="227A
+\mathchardef\dagger="2279
+\mathchardef\sqcap="2275
+\mathchardef\sqcup="2274
+\mathchardef\uplus="225D
+\mathchardef\amalg="2271
+\mathchardef\diamond="2205
+\mathchardef\bullet="220F
+\mathchardef\wr="226F
+\mathchardef\div="2204
+\mathchardef\odot="220C
+\mathchardef\oslash="220B
+\mathchardef\otimes="220A
+\mathchardef\ominus="2209
+\mathchardef\oplus="2208
+\mathchardef\mp="2207
+\mathchardef\pm="2206
+\mathchardef\circ="220E
+\mathchardef\bigcirc="220D
+\mathchardef\setminus="226E % for set difference A\setminus B
+\mathchardef\cdot="2201
+\mathchardef\ast="2203
+\mathchardef\times="2202
+\mathchardef\star="213F
+
+\mathchardef\propto="322F
+\mathchardef\sqsubseteq="3276
+\mathchardef\sqsupseteq="3277
+\mathchardef\parallel="326B
+\mathchardef\mid="326A
+\mathchardef\dashv="3261
+\mathchardef\vdash="3260
+\mathchardef\nearrow="3225
+\mathchardef\searrow="3226
+\mathchardef\nwarrow="322D
+\mathchardef\swarrow="322E
+\mathchardef\Leftrightarrow="322C
+\mathchardef\Leftarrow="3228
+\mathchardef\Rightarrow="3229
+\def\neq{\not=} \let\ne=\neq
+\mathchardef\leq="3214 \let\le=\leq
+\mathchardef\geq="3215 \let\ge=\geq
+\mathchardef\succ="321F
+\mathchardef\prec="321E
+\mathchardef\approx="3219
+\mathchardef\succeq="3217
+\mathchardef\preceq="3216
+\mathchardef\supset="321B
+\mathchardef\subset="321A
+\mathchardef\supseteq="3213
+\mathchardef\subseteq="3212
+\mathchardef\in="3232
+\mathchardef\ni="3233 \let\owns=\ni
+\mathchardef\gg="321D
+\mathchardef\ll="321C
+\mathchardef\not="3236
+\mathchardef\leftrightarrow="3224
+\mathchardef\leftarrow="3220 \let\gets=\leftarrow
+\mathchardef\rightarrow="3221 \let\to=\rightarrow
+\mathchardef\mapstochar="3237 \def\mapsto{\mapstochar\rightarrow}
+\mathchardef\sim="3218
+\mathchardef\simeq="3227
+\mathchardef\perp="323F
+\mathchardef\equiv="3211
+\mathchardef\asymp="3210
+\mathchardef\smile="315E
+\mathchardef\frown="315F
+\mathchardef\leftharpoonup="3128
+\mathchardef\leftharpoondown="3129
+\mathchardef\rightharpoonup="312A
+\mathchardef\rightharpoondown="312B
+
+\def\joinrel{\mathrel{\mkern-3mu}}
+\def\relbar{\mathrel{\smash-}} % \smash, because - has the same height as +
+\def\Relbar{\mathrel=}
+\mathchardef\lhook="312C \def\hookrightarrow{\lhook\joinrel\rightarrow}
+\mathchardef\rhook="312D \def\hookleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rhook}
+\def\bowtie{\mathrel\triangleright\joinrel\mathrel\triangleleft}
+\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}
+\def\Longrightarrow{\Relbar\joinrel\Rightarrow}
+\def\longrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
+\def\longleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\relbar}
+\def\Longleftarrow{\Leftarrow\joinrel\Relbar}
+\def\longmapsto{\mapstochar\longrightarrow}
+\def\longleftrightarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rightarrow}
+\def\Longleftrightarrow{\Leftarrow\joinrel\Rightarrow}
+\def\iff{\;\Longleftrightarrow\;}
+
+\mathchardef\ldotp="613A % ldot as a punctuation mark
+\mathchardef\cdotp="6201 % cdot as a punctuation mark
+\mathchardef\colon="603A % colon as a punctuation mark
+\def\ldots{\mathinner{\ldotp\ldotp\ldotp}}
+\def\cdots{\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}
+\def\vdots{\vbox{\baselineskip4\p@ \lineskiplimit\z@
+    \kern6\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}
+\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
+    \raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
+
+\def\acute{\mathaccent"7013 }
+\def\grave{\mathaccent"7012 }
+\def\ddot{\mathaccent"707F }
+\def\tilde{\mathaccent"707E }
+\def\bar{\mathaccent"7016 }
+\def\breve{\mathaccent"7015 }
+\def\check{\mathaccent"7014 }
+\def\hat{\mathaccent"705E }
+\def\vec{\mathaccent"017E }
+\def\dot{\mathaccent"705F }
+\def\widetilde{\mathaccent"0365 }
+\def\widehat{\mathaccent"0362 }
+\def\overrightarrow#1{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
+      \rightarrowfill\crcr\noalign{\kern-\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}
+\def\overleftarrow#1{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
+      \leftarrowfill\crcr\noalign{\kern-\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}
+\def\overbrace#1{\mathop{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
+      \downbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
+\def\underbrace#1{\mathop{\vtop{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      \upbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
+\def\skew#1#2#3{{\muskip\z@#1mu\divide\muskip\z@\tw@ \mkern\muskip\z@
+    #2{\mkern-\muskip\z@{#3}\mkern\muskip\z@}\mkern-\muskip\z@}{}}
+
+\def\lmoustache{\delimiter"437A340 } % top from (, bottom from )
+\def\rmoustache{\delimiter"537B341 } % top from ), bottom from (
+\def\lgroup{\delimiter"462833A } % extensible ( with sharper tips
+\def\rgroup{\delimiter"562933B } % extensible ) with sharper tips
+\def\arrowvert{\delimiter"26A33C } % arrow without arrowheads
+\def\Arrowvert{\delimiter"26B33D } % double arrow without arrowheads
+\def\bracevert{\delimiter"77C33E } % the vertical bar that extends braces
+\def\Vert{\delimiter"26B30D } \let\|=\Vert
+\def\vert{\delimiter"26A30C }
+\def\uparrow{\delimiter"3222378 }
+\def\downarrow{\delimiter"3223379 }
+\def\updownarrow{\delimiter"326C33F }
+\def\Uparrow{\delimiter"322A37E }
+\def\Downarrow{\delimiter"322B37F }
+\def\Updownarrow{\delimiter"326D377 }
+\def\backslash{\delimiter"26E30F } % for double coset G\backslash H
+\def\rangle{\delimiter"526930B }
+\def\langle{\delimiter"426830A }
+\def\rbrace{\delimiter"5267309 } \let\}=\rbrace
+\def\lbrace{\delimiter"4266308 } \let\{=\lbrace
+\def\rceil{\delimiter"5265307 }
+\def\lceil{\delimiter"4264306 }
+\def\rfloor{\delimiter"5263305 }
+\def\lfloor{\delimiter"4262304 }
+
+\def\bigl{\mathopen\big}
+\def\bigm{\mathrel\big}
+\def\bigr{\mathclose\big}
+\def\Bigl{\mathopen\Big}
+\def\Bigm{\mathrel\Big}
+\def\Bigr{\mathclose\Big}
+\def\biggl{\mathopen\bigg}
+\def\biggm{\mathrel\bigg}
+\def\biggr{\mathclose\bigg}
+\def\Biggl{\mathopen\Bigg}
+\def\Biggm{\mathrel\Bigg}
+\def\Biggr{\mathclose\Bigg}
+\def\big#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to8.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\Big#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to11.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\bigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to14.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\Bigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to17.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\n@space{\nulldelimiterspace\z@ \m@th}
+
+\def\choose{\atopwithdelims()}
+\def\brack{\atopwithdelims[]}
+\def\brace{\atopwithdelims\{\}}
+
+\def\sqrt{\radical"270370 }
+
+\def\mathpalette#1#2{\mathchoice{#1\displaystyle{#2}}%
+  {#1\textstyle{#2}}{#1\scriptstyle{#2}}{#1\scriptscriptstyle{#2}}}
+\newbox\rootbox
+\def\root#1\of{\setbox\rootbox
+  \hbox{$\m@th\scriptscriptstyle{#1}$}\mathpalette\r@@t}
+\def\r@@t#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1\sqrt{#2}$}\dimen@\ht\z@
+  \advance\dimen@-\dp\z@
+  \mkern5mu\raise.6\dimen@\copy\rootbox \mkern-10mu\box\z@}
+\newif\ifv@ \newif\ifh@
+\def\vphantom{\v@true\h@false\ph@nt}
+\def\hphantom{\v@false\h@true\ph@nt}
+\def\phantom{\v@true\h@true\ph@nt}
+\def\ph@nt{\ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathph@nt}%
+  \else\let\next\makeph@nt\fi\next}
+\def\makeph@nt#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\finph@nt}
+\def\mathph@nt#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\finph@nt}
+\def\finph@nt{\setbox\tw@\null
+  \ifv@ \ht\tw@\ht\z@ \dp\tw@\dp\z@\fi
+  \ifh@ \wd\tw@\wd\z@\fi \box\tw@}
+\def\mathstrut{\vphantom(}
+\def\smash{\relax % \relax, in case this comes first in \halign
+  \ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathsm@sh}\else\let\next\makesm@sh
+  \fi\next}
+\def\makesm@sh#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\finsm@sh}
+\def\mathsm@sh#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\finsm@sh}
+\def\finsm@sh{\ht\z@\z@ \dp\z@\z@ \box\z@}
+
+\def\cong{\mathrel{\mathpalette\@vereq\sim}} % congruence sign
+\def\@vereq#1#2{\lower.5\p@\vbox{\lineskiplimit\maxdimen\lineskip-.5\p@
+    \ialign{$\m@th#1\hfil##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr=\crcr}}}
+\def\notin{\mathrel{\mathpalette\c@ncel\in}}
+\def\c@ncel#1#2{\m@th\ooalign{$\hfil#1\mkern1mu/\hfil$\crcr$#1#2$}}
+\def\rightleftharpoons{\mathrel{\mathpalette\rlh@{}}}
+\def\rlh@#1{\vcenter{\m@th\hbox{\ooalign{\raise2pt
+          \hbox{$#1\rightharpoonup$}\crcr
+        $#1\leftharpoondown$}}}}
+\def\buildrel#1\over#2{\mathrel{\mathop{\kern\z@#2}\limits^{#1}}}
+\def\doteq{\buildrel\textstyle.\over=}
+
+\def\log{\mathop{\rm log}\nolimits}
+\def\lg{\mathop{\rm lg}\nolimits}
+\def\ln{\mathop{\rm ln}\nolimits}
+\def\lim{\mathop{\rm lim}}
+\def\limsup{\mathop{\rm lim\,sup}}
+\def\liminf{\mathop{\rm lim\,inf}}
+\def\sin{\mathop{\rm sin}\nolimits}
+\def\arcsin{\mathop{\rm arcsin}\nolimits}
+\def\sinh{\mathop{\rm sinh}\nolimits}
+\def\cos{\mathop{\rm cos}\nolimits}
+\def\arccos{\mathop{\rm arccos}\nolimits}
+\def\cosh{\mathop{\rm cosh}\nolimits}
+\def\tan{\mathop{\rm tan}\nolimits}
+\def\arctan{\mathop{\rm arctan}\nolimits}
+\def\tanh{\mathop{\rm tanh}\nolimits}
+\def\cot{\mathop{\rm cot}\nolimits}
+\def\coth{\mathop{\rm coth}\nolimits}
+\def\sec{\mathop{\rm sec}\nolimits}
+\def\csc{\mathop{\rm csc}\nolimits}
+\def\max{\mathop{\rm max}}
+\def\min{\mathop{\rm min}}
+\def\sup{\mathop{\rm sup}}
+\def\inf{\mathop{\rm inf}}
+\def\arg{\mathop{\rm arg}\nolimits}
+\def\ker{\mathop{\rm ker}\nolimits}
+\def\dim{\mathop{\rm dim}\nolimits}
+\def\hom{\mathop{\rm hom}\nolimits}
+\def\det{\mathop{\rm det}}
+\def\exp{\mathop{\rm exp}\nolimits}
+\def\Pr{\mathop{\rm Pr}}
+\def\gcd{\mathop{\rm gcd}}
+\def\deg{\mathop{\rm deg}\nolimits}
+
+\def\bmod{\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip\mkern5mu
+  \mathbin{\rm mod}\penalty900\mkern5mu\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip}
+\def\pmod#1{\allowbreak\mkern18mu({\rm mod}\,\,#1)}
+
+\def\cases#1{\left\{\,\vcenter{\normalbaselines\m@th
+    \ialign{$##\hfil$&\quad##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}
+\def\matrix#1{\null\,\vcenter{\normalbaselines\m@th
+    \ialign{\hfil$##$\hfil&&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil\crcr
+      \mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}
+      #1\crcr\mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}}}\,}
+\def\pmatrix#1{\left(\matrix{#1}\right)}
+\newdimen\p@renwd
+\setbox0=\hbox{\tenex B} \p@renwd=\wd0 % width of the big left (
+\def\bordermatrix#1{\begingroup \m@th
+  \setbox\z@\vbox{\def\cr{\crcr\noalign{\kern2\p@\global\let\cr\endline}}%
+    \ialign{$##$\hfil\kern2\p@\kern\p@renwd&\thinspace\hfil$##$\hfil
+      &&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil\crcr
+      \omit\strut\hfil\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}%
+      #1\crcr\omit\strut\cr}}%
+  \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvcopy\z@\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
+  \setbox\tw@\hbox{\unhbox\@ne\unskip\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
+  \setbox\tw@\hbox{$\kern\wd\@ne\kern-\p@renwd\left(\kern-\wd\@ne
+    \global\setbox\@ne\vbox{\box\@ne\kern2\p@}%
+    \vcenter{\kern-\ht\@ne\unvbox\z@\kern-\baselineskip}\,\right)$}%
+  \null\;\vbox{\kern\ht\@ne\box\tw@}\endgroup}
+
+\def\openup{\afterassignment\@penup\dimen@=}
+\def\@penup{\advance\lineskip\dimen@
+  \advance\baselineskip\dimen@
+  \advance\lineskiplimit\dimen@}
+\def\eqalign#1{\null\,\vcenter{\openup\jot\m@th
+  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+\newif\ifdt@p
+\def\displ@y{\global\dt@ptrue\openup\jot\m@th
+  \everycr{\noalign{\ifdt@p \global\dt@pfalse \ifdim\prevdepth>-1000\p@
+      \vskip-\lineskiplimit \vskip\normallineskiplimit \fi
+      \else \penalty\interdisplaylinepenalty \fi}}}
+\def\@lign{\tabskip\z@skip\everycr{}} % restore inside \displ@y
+\def\displaylines#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
+  \halign{\hbox to\displaywidth{$\@lign\hfil\displaystyle##\hfil$}\crcr
+    #1\crcr}}
+\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\centering
+  \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
+    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
+    &\llap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
+    #1\crcr}}
+\def\leqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\centering
+  \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
+    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
+    &\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\displaywidth\crcr
+    #1\crcr}}
+
+% Definitions related to output
+
+\message{output routines,}
+
+\countdef\pageno=0 \pageno=1 % first page is number 1
+\newtoks\headline \headline={\hfil} % headline is normally blank
+\newtoks\footline \footline={\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}
+  % footline is normally a centered page number in font \tenrm
+\newif\ifr@ggedbottom
+\def\raggedbottom{\topskip 10\p@ plus60\p@ \r@ggedbottomtrue}
+\def\normalbottom{\topskip 10\p@ \r@ggedbottomfalse} % undoes \raggedbottom
+\def\folio{\ifnum\pageno<\z@ \romannumeral-\pageno \else\number\pageno \fi}
+\def\nopagenumbers{\footline{\hfil}} % blank out the footline
+\def\advancepageno{\ifnum\pageno<\z@ \global\advance\pageno\m@ne
+  \else\global\advance\pageno\@ne \fi} % increase |pageno|
+
+\newinsert\footins
+\def\footnote#1{\let\@sf\empty % parameter #2 (the text) is read later
+  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
+  #1\@sf\vfootnote{#1}}
+\def\vfootnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup
+  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
+  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
+  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
+  \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
+  \textindent{#1}\footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t}
+\def\fo@t{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\f@@t
+  \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
+\def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
+\def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
+\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}
+\def\footstrut{\vbox to\splittopskip{}}
+\skip\footins=\bigskipamount % space added when footnote is present
+\count\footins=1000 % footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
+\dimen\footins=8in % maximum footnotes per page
+
+\newinsert\topins
+\newif\ifp@ge \newif\if@mid
+\def\topinsert{\@midfalse\p@gefalse\@ins}
+\def\midinsert{\@midtrue\@ins}
+\def\pageinsert{\@midfalse\p@getrue\@ins}
+\skip\topins=\z@skip % no space added when a topinsert is present
+\count\topins=1000 % magnification factor (1 to 1)
+\dimen\topins=\maxdimen % no limit per page
+\def\@ins{\par\begingroup\setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup} % start a \vbox
+\def\endinsert{\egroup % finish the \vbox
+  \if@mid \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@\dp\z@ \advance\dimen@12\p@
+    \advance\dimen@\pagetotal \advance\dimen@-\pageshrink
+    \ifdim\dimen@>\pagegoal\@midfalse\p@gefalse\fi\fi
+  \if@mid \bigskip\box\z@\bigbreak
+  \else\insert\topins{\penalty100 % floating insertion
+    \splittopskip\z@skip
+    \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty\z@
+    \ifp@ge \dimen@\dp\z@
+    \vbox to\vsize{\unvbox\z@\kern-\dimen@}% depth is zero
+    \else \box\z@\nobreak\bigskip\fi}\fi\endgroup}
+
+\output{\plainoutput}
+\def\plainoutput{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}%
+  \advancepageno
+  \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@MM \else\dosupereject\fi}
+\def\pagebody{\vbox to\vsize{\boxmaxdepth\maxdepth \pagecontents}}
+\def\makeheadline{\vbox to\z@{\vskip-22.5\p@
+  \line{\vbox to8.5\p@{}\the\headline}\vss}\nointerlineskip}
+\def\makefootline{\baselineskip24\p@\lineskiplimit\z@\line{\the\footline}}
+\def\dosupereject{\ifnum\insertpenalties>\z@ % something is being held over
+  \line{}\kern-\topskip\nobreak\vfill\supereject\fi}
+
+\def\pagecontents{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi
+  \dimen@=\dp\@cclv \unvbox\@cclv % open up \box255
+  \ifvoid\footins\else % footnote info is present
+    \vskip\skip\footins
+    \footnoterule
+    \unvbox\footins\fi
+  \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
+\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@
+  \hrule width 2truein \kern 2.6\p@} % the \hrule is .4pt high
+
+% Hyphenation, miscellaneous macros, and initial values for standard layout
+\message{hyphenation}
+
+\lefthyphenmin=2 \righthyphenmin=3 % disallow x- or -xx breaks
+\input hyphen
+
+\def\magnification{\afterassignment\m@g\count@}
+\def\m@g{\mag\count@
+  \hsize6.5truein\vsize8.9truein\dimen\footins8truein}
+
+\def\loggingall{\tracingcommands\tw@\tracingstats\tw@
+  \tracingpages\@ne\tracingoutput\@ne\tracinglostchars\@ne
+  \tracingmacros\tw@\tracingparagraphs\@ne\tracingrestores\@ne
+  \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen\errorstopmode}
+\def\tracingall{\tracingonline\@ne\loggingall}
+
+\def\showhyphens#1{\setbox0\vbox{\parfillskip\z@skip\hsize\maxdimen\tenrm
+  \pretolerance\m@ne\tolerance\m@ne\hbadness0\showboxdepth0\ #1}}
+
+\normalbaselines\rm % select roman font
+\nonfrenchspacing % punctuation affects the spacing
+\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
+
+\def\fmtname{plain}\def\fmtversion{3.14159265} % identifies the current format
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/story.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/story.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fcbaa4151af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/story.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+\hrule
+\vskip 1in
+\centerline{\bf A SHORT STORY}
+\vskip 6pt
+\centerline{\sl    by A. U. Thor} % !`?`?! (modified)
+\vskip .5cm
+Once upon a time, in a distant
+  galaxy called \"O\"o\c c,
+there lived a computer
+named R.~J. Drofnats.
+
+Mr.~Drofnats---or ``R. J.,'' as
+he preferred to be called---% error has been fixed!
+was happiest when he was at work
+typesetting beautiful documents.
+\vskip 1in
+\hrule
+\vfill\eject
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/testfont.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/testfont.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7d146f8671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/testfont.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+% A testbed for font evaluation (see The METAFONTbook, Appendix H)
+
+\tracinglostchars=0
+\tolerance=1000
+\raggedbottom
+\nopagenumbers
+\parindent=0pt
+\newlinechar=`@
+\hyphenpenalty=200
+\doublehyphendemerits=30000
+\hyphenation{prom-i-nent}
+
+\newcount\m \newcount\n \newcount\p \newdimen\dim
+\chardef\other=12
+
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\def\hours{\n=\time \divide\n 60
+  \m=-\n \multiply\m 60 \advance\m \time
+  \twodigits\n\twodigits\m}
+\def\twodigits#1{\ifnum #1<10 0\fi \number#1}
+
+\def\init{\message{@Name of the font to test = }
+  \read-1 to\fontname \startfont
+  \message{Now type a test command (\string\help\space for help):}}
+\def\startfont{\font\testfont=\fontname \spaceskip=0pt
+  \leftline{\sevenrm Test of \fontname\unskip\ on \today\ at \hours}
+  \medskip
+  \testfont \setbaselineskip
+  \ifdim\fontdimen6\testfont<10pt \rightskip=0pt plus 20pt
+  \else\rightskip=0pt plus 2em \fi
+  \spaceskip=\fontdimen2\testfont % space between words (\raggedright)
+  \xspaceskip=\fontdimen2\testfont \advance\xspaceskip by\fontdimen7\testfont}
+
+{\catcode`\|=0 \catcode`\\=\other
+|gdef|help{|message{%
+\init switches to another font;@%
+\end or \bye finishes the run;@%
+\table prints the font layout in tabular format;@%
+\text prints a sample text, assuming TeX text font conventions;@%
+\sample combines \table and \text;@%
+\mixture mixes a background character with a series of others;@%
+\alternation interleaves a background character with a series;@%
+\alphabet prints all lowercase letters within a given background;@%
+\ALPHABET prints all uppercase letters within a given background;@%
+\series prints a series of letters within a given background;@%
+\lowers prints a comprehensive test of lowercase;@%
+\uppers prints a comprehensive test of uppercase;@%
+\digits prints a comprehensive test of numerals;@%
+\math prints a comprehensive test of TeX math italic;@%
+\names prints a text that mixes upper and lower case;@%
+\punct prints a punctuation test;@%
+\bigtest combines many of the above routines;@%
+\help repeats this message;@%
+and you can use ordinary TeX commands (e.g., to \input a file).}}}
+
+\def\setbaselineskip{\setbox0=\hbox{\n=0
+\loop\char\n \ifnum \n<255 \advance\n 1 \repeat}
+\baselineskip=6pt \advance\baselineskip\ht0 \advance\baselineskip\dp0 }
+
+\def\setchar#1{{\escapechar-1\message{\string#1 character = }%
+  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+  \read-1 to\next
+  \expandafter\finsetchar\next\next#1}}
+\def\finsetchar#1#2\next#3{\global\chardef#3=`#1
+  \ifnum #3=`\# \global\chardef#3=#2 \fi}
+\def\promptthree{\setchar\background
+  \setchar\starting \setchar\ending}
+
+\def\mixture{\promptthree \domix\mixpattern}
+\def\alternation{\promptthree \domix\altpattern}
+\def\mixpattern{\0\1\0\0\1\1\0\0\0\1\1\1\0\1}
+\def\altpattern{\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\1\0}
+\def\domix#1{\par\chardef\0=\background \n=\starting
+  \loop \chardef\1=\n #1\endgraf
+  \ifnum \n<\ending \advance\n 1 \repeat}
+
+\def\!{\discretionary{\background}{\background}{\background}}
+\def\series{\promptthree \!\doseries\starting\ending\par}
+\def\doseries#1#2{\n=#1\loop\char\n\!\ifnum\n<#2\advance\n 1 \repeat}
+\def\complower{\!\doseries{`a}{`z}\doseries{'31}{'34}\par}
+\def\compupper{\!\doseries{`A}{`Z}\doseries{'35}{'37}\par}
+\def\compdigs{\!\doseries{`0}{`9}\par}
+\def\alphabet{\setchar\background\complower}
+\def\ALPHABET{\setchar\background\compupper}
+
+\def\lowers{\docomprehensive\complower{`a}{`z}{'31}{'34}}
+\def\uppers{\docomprehensive\compupper{`A}{`Z}{'35}{'37}}
+\def\digits{\docomprehensive\compdigs{`0}{`4}{`5}{`9}}
+\def\docomprehensive#1#2#3#4#5{\par\chardef\background=#2
+  \loop{#1} \ifnum\background<#3\m=\background\advance\m 1
+  \chardef\background=\m \repeat \chardef\background=#4
+  \loop{#1} \ifnum\background<#5\m=\background\advance\m 1
+  \chardef\background=\m \repeat}
+
+\def\names{ {\AA}ngel\aa\ Beatrice Claire
+  Diana \'Erica Fran\c{c}oise Ginette H\'el\`ene Iris
+  Jackie K\=aren {\L}au\.ra Mar{\'\i}a N\H{a}ta{\l}{\u\i}e {\O}ctave
+  Pauline Qu\^eneau Roxanne Sabine T\~a{\'\j}a Ur\v{s}ula
+  Vivian Wendy Xanthippe Yv{\o}nne Z\"azilie\par}
+\def\punct{\par\dopunct{min}\dopunct{pig}\dopunct{hid}
+  \dopunct{HIE}\dopunct{TIP}\dopunct{fluff}
+  \$1,234.56 + 7/8 = 9\% @ \#0\par}
+\def\dopunct#1{#1,\ #1:\ #1;\ `#1'\ ?`#1?\ !`#1!\ (#1)\ [#1]\ #1*\ #1.\par}
+
+\def\bigtest{\sample
+  hamburgefonstiv HAMBURGEFONSTIV\par
+  \names \punct \lowers \uppers \digits}
+
+\def\math{\textfont1=\testfont \skewchar\testfont=\skewtrial
+ \mathchardef\Gamma="100 \mathchardef\Delta="101
+ \mathchardef\Theta="102 \mathchardef\Lambda="103 \mathchardef\Xi="104
+ \mathchardef\Pi="105 \mathchardef\Sigma="106 \mathchardef\Upsilon="107
+ \mathchardef\Phi="108 \mathchardef\Psi="109 \mathchardef\Omega="10A
+ \def\ii{i} \def\jj{j}
+ \def\\##1{|##1|+}\mathtrial
+ \def\\##1{##1_2+}\mathtrial
+ \def\\##1{##1^2+}\mathtrial
+ \def\\##1{##1/2+}\mathtrial
+ \def\\##1{2/##1+}\mathtrial
+ \def\\##1{##1,{}+}\mathtrial
+ \def\\##1{d##1+}\mathtrial
+ \let\ii=\imath \let\jj=\jmath \def\\##1{\hat##1+}\mathtrial}
+\newcount\skewtrial \skewtrial='177
+\def\mathtrial{$\\A \\B \\C \\D \\E \\F \\G \\H \\I \\J \\K \\L \\M \\N \\O
+ \\P \\Q \\R \\S \\T \\U \\V \\W \\X \\Y \\Z \\a \\b \\c \\d \\e \\f \\g
+ \\h \\\ii \\\jj \\k \\l \\m \\n \\o \\p \\q \\r \\s \\t \\u \\v \\w \\x \\y
+ \\z \\\alpha \\\beta \\\gamma \\\delta \\\epsilon \\\zeta \\\eta \\\theta
+ \\\iota \\\kappa \\\lambda \\\mu \\\nu \\\xi \\\pi \\\rho \\\sigma \\\tau
+ \\\upsilon \\\phi \\\chi \\\psi \\\omega \\\vartheta \\\varpi \\\varphi
+ \\\Gamma \\\Delta \\\Theta \\\Lambda \\\Xi \\\Pi \\\Sigma \\\Upsilon
+ \\\Phi \\\Psi \\\Omega \\\partial \\\ell \\\wp$\par}
+\def\mathsy{\begingroup\skewtrial='060 % for math symbol font tests
+ \def\mathtrial{$\\A \\B \\C \\D \\E \\F \\G \\H \\I \\J \\K \\L
+  \\M \\N \\O \\P \\Q \\R \\S \\T \\U \\V \\W \\X \\Y \\Z$\par}
+ \math\endgroup}
+
+\def\oct#1{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\hex#1{\hbox{\rm\H{}\tt#1}} % hexadecimal constant
+\def\setdigs#1"#2{\gdef\h{#2}% \h=hex prefix; \0\1=corresponding octal
+ \m=\n \divide\m by 64 \xdef\0{\the\m}%
+ \multiply\m by-64 \advance\m by\n \divide\m by 8 \xdef\1{\the\m}}
+\def\testrow{\setbox0=\hbox{\penalty 1\def\\{\char"\h}%
+ \\0\\1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\\8\\9\\A\\B\\C\\D\\E\\F%
+ \global\p=\lastpenalty}} % \p=1 if none of the characters exist
+\def\oddline{\cr
+  \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
+  \multispan{19}\hrulefill&
+  \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{\h x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr
+  \noalign{\nointerlineskip}}
+\newif\ifskipping
+\def\evenline{\loop\skippingfalse
+ \ifnum\n<256 \m=\n \divide\m 16 \chardef\next=\m
+ \expandafter\setdigs\meaning\next \testrow
+ \ifnum\p=1 \skippingtrue \fi\fi
+ \ifskipping \global\advance\n 16 \repeat
+ \ifnum\n=256 \let\next=\endchart\else\let\next=\morechart\fi
+ \next}
+\def\morechart{\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty5000}
+ \chartline \oddline \m=\1 \advance\m 1 \xdef\1{\the\m}
+ \chartline \evenline}
+\def\chartline{&\oct{\0\1x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&}
+\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}}
+\def\table{$$\global\n=0
+  \halign to\hsize\bgroup
+    \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt&
+    &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr
+    \lower6.5pt\null
+    &&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline}
+\def\endchart{\cr\noalign{\hrule}
+  \raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B&
+  &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$\par}
+\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\noboundary\char\n\noboundary}%
+  \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition
+  \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi
+  \box0\global\advance\n 1 }
+\def\reposition{\setbox0=\vbox{\kern2pt\box0}\dim=\dp0
+  \advance\dim 2pt \dp0=\dim}
+\def\centerlargechars{
+  \def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}}
+
+\def\text{{\advance\baselineskip-4pt
+\setbox0=\hbox{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
+\ifdim\hsize>2\wd0 \ifdim 15pc>2\wd0 \hsize=15pc \else \hsize=2\wd0 \fi\fi
+On November 14, 1885, Senator \& Mrs.~Leland Stanford called
+together at their San Francisco mansion the 24~prominent men who had
+been chosen as the first trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University.
+They handed to the board the Founding Grant of the University, which they
+had executed three days before. This document---with various amendments,
+legislative acts, and court decrees---remains as the University's charter.
+In bold, sweeping language it stipulates that the objectives of the University
+are ``to qualify students for personal success and direct usefulness in life;
+and to promote the publick welfare by exercising an influence in behalf of
+humanity and civilization, teaching the blessings of liberty regulated by
+law, and inculcating love and reverence for the great principles of
+government as derived from the inalienable rights of man to life, liberty,
+and the pursuit of happiness.'' \moretext
+(!`THE DAZED BROWN FOX QUICKLY GAVE 12345--67890 JUMPS!)\par}}
+\def\moretext{?`But aren't Kafka's Schlo{\ss} and {\AE}sop's {\OE}uvres
+often na{\"\i}ve  vis-\`a-vis the d{\ae}monic ph{\oe}nix's official r\^ole
+in fluffy souffl\'es? }
+\def\omitaccents{\let\moretext=\relax}
+
+\def\sample{\table\text}
+
+\ifx\noinit!\else\init\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/webmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/webmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ca707bb9b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/webmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+% standard macros for WEB listings (in addition to PLAIN.TEX)
+\xdef\fmtversion{\fmtversion+WEBMAC4.1} % identifies current set of macros
+\parskip 0pt % no stretch between paragraphs
+\parindent 1em % for paragraphs and for the first line of Pascal text
+
+\font\eightrm=cmr8 \let\sc=\eightrm % NOT a caps-and-small-caps font!
+\let\mainfont=\tenrm
+\font\titlefont=cmr7 scaled\magstep4 % title on the contents page
+\font\ttitlefont=cmtt10 scaled\magstep2 % typewriter type in title
+\font\tentex=cmtex10 % TeX extended character set (used in strings)
+\fontdimen7\tentex=0pt % no extra space after punctuation
+
+\def\\#1{\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\|#1{\hbox{$#1$}} % one-letter identifiers look a bit better this way
+\def\&#1{\hbox{\bf#1\/}} % boldface type for reserved words
+\def\.#1{\hbox{\tentex % typewriter type for strings
+  \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string
+  \let\'=\RQ % right quote in a string
+  \let\`=\LQ % left quote in a string
+  \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
+  \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
+  \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string
+  \let\ =\SP % space in a string
+  \let\_=\UL % underline in a string
+  \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string
+  #1}}
+\def\#{\hbox{\tt\char`\#}} % parameter sign
+\def\${\hbox{\tt\char`\$}} % dollar sign
+\def\%{\hbox{\tt\char`\%}} % percent sign
+\def\^{\ifmmode\mathchar"222 \else\char`^ \fi} % pointer or hat
+% circumflex accents can be obtained from \^^D instead of \^
+\def\AT!{@} % at sign for control text
+
+\chardef\AM=`\& % ampersand character in a string
+\chardef\BS=`\\ % backslash in a string
+\chardef\LB=`\{ % left brace in a string
+\def\LQ{{\tt\char'22}} % left quote in a string
+\chardef\RB=`\} % right brace in a string
+\def\RQ{{\tt\char'23}} % right quote in a string
+\def\SP{{\tt\char`\ }} % (visible) space in a string
+\chardef\TL=`\~ % tilde in a string
+\chardef\UL=`\_ % underline character in a string
+
+\newbox\bak \setbox\bak=\hbox to -1em{} % backspace one em
+\newbox\bakk\setbox\bakk=\hbox to -2em{} % backspace two ems
+
+\newcount\ind % current indentation in ems
+\def\1{\global\advance\ind by1\hangindent\ind em} % indent one more notch
+\def\2{\global\advance\ind by-1} % indent one less notch
+\def\3#1{\hfil\penalty#10\hfilneg} % optional break within a statement
+\def\4{\copy\bak} % backspace one notch
+\def\5{\hfil\penalty-1\hfilneg\kern2.5em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces}% optional break
+\def\6{\ifmmode\else\par % forced break
+  \hangindent\ind em\noindent\kern\ind em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces\fi}
+\def\7{\Y\6} % forced break and a little extra space
+
+\let\yskip=\smallskip
+\def\to{\mathrel{.\,.}} % double dot, used only in math mode
+\def\note#1#2.{\Y\noindent{\hangindent2em\baselineskip10pt\eightrm#1~#2.\par}}
+\def\lapstar{\rlap{*}}
+\def\startsection{\Q\noindent{\let\*=\lapstar\bf\modstar.\quad}}
+\def\defin#1{\global\advance\ind by 2 \1\&{#1 }} % begin `define' or `format'
+\def\A{\note{See also section}} % crossref for doubly defined section name
+\def\As{\note{See also sections}} % crossref for multiply defined section name
+\def\B{\mathopen{\.{@\{}}} % begin controlled comment
+\def\C#1{\ifmmode\gdef\XX{\null$\null}\else\gdef\XX{}\fi % Pascal comments
+  \XX\hfil\penalty-1\hfilneg\quad$\{\,$#1$\,\}$\XX}
+\def\D{\defin{define}} % macro definition
+\def\E{\cdot10^} % exponent in floating point constant
+\def\ET{ and~} % conjunction between two section numbers
+\def\ETs{, and~} % conjunction between the last two of several section numbers
+\def\F{\defin{format}} % format definition
+\let\G=\ge % greater than or equal sign
+\def\H#1{\hbox{\rm\char"7D\tt#1}} % hexadecimal constant
+\let\I=\ne % unequal sign
+\def\J{\.{@\&}} % TANGLE's join operation
+\let\K=\gets % left arrow
+\let\L=\le % less than or equal sign
+\outer\def\M#1.{\MN#1.\ifon\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg % beginning of section
+  \vskip12ptminus3pt\startsection\ignorespaces}
+\outer\def\N#1.#2.{\MN#1.\vfil\eject % beginning of starred section
+  \def\rhead{\uppercase{\ignorespaces#2}} % define running headline
+  \message{*\modno} % progress report
+  \edef\next{\write\cont{\Z{#2}{\modno}{\the\pageno}}}\next % to contents file
+  \ifon\startsection{\bf\ignorespaces#2.\quad}\ignorespaces}
+\def\MN#1.{\par % common code for \M, \N
+  {\xdef\modstar{#1}\let\*=\empty\xdef\modno{#1}}
+  \ifx\modno\modstar \onmaybe \else\ontrue \fi \mark{\modno}}
+\def\O#1{\hbox{\rm\char'23\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\P{\rightskip=0pt plus 100pt minus 10pt % go into Pascal mode
+  \sfcode`;=3000
+  \pretolerance 10000
+  \hyphenpenalty 10000 \exhyphenpenalty 10000
+  \global\ind=2 \1\ \unskip}
+\def\Q{\rightskip=0pt % get out of Pascal mode
+  \sfcode`;=1500 \pretolerance 200 \hyphenpenalty 50 \exhyphenpenalty 50 }
+\let\R=\lnot % logical not
+\let\S=\equiv % equivalence sign
+\def\T{\mathclose{\.{@\}}}} % terminate controlled comment
+\def\U{\note{This code is used in section}} % crossref for use of a section
+\def\Us{\note{This code is used in sections}} % crossref for uses of a section
+\let\V=\lor % logical or
+\let\W=\land % logical and
+\def\X#1:#2\X{\ifmmode\gdef\XX{\null$\null}\else\gdef\XX{}\fi % section name
+  \XX$\langle\,$#2{\eightrm\kern.5em#1}$\,\rangle$\XX}
+\def\Y{\par\yskip}
+\let\Z=\let % now you can \send the control sequence \Z
+\def\){\hbox{\.{@\$}}} % sign for string pool check sum
+\def\]{\hbox{\.{@\\}}} % sign for forced line break
+\def\=#1{\kern2pt\hbox{\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule
+        \hbox{\strut\kern2pt\.{#1}\kern2pt}}
+      \hrule}\vrule}\kern2pt} % verbatim string
+\let\~=\ignorespaces
+\let\*=*
+
+\def\onmaybe{\let\ifon=\maybe} \let\maybe=\iftrue
+\newif\ifon \newif\iftitle \newif\ifpagesaved
+\def\lheader{\mainfont\the\pageno\eightrm\qquad\rhead\hfill\title\qquad
+  \tensy x\mainfont\topmark} % top line on left-hand pages
+\def\rheader{\tensy x\mainfont\topmark\eightrm\qquad\title\hfill\rhead
+  \qquad\mainfont\the\pageno} % top line on right-hand pages
+\def\page{\box255 }
+\def\normaloutput#1#2#3{\ifodd\pageno\hoffset=\pageshift\fi
+  \shipout\vbox{
+    \vbox to\fullpageheight{
+      \iftitle\global\titlefalse
+      \else\hbox to\pagewidth{\vbox to10pt{}\ifodd\pageno #3\else#2\fi}\fi
+      \vfill#1}} % parameter #1 is the page itself
+  \global\advance\pageno by1}
+
+\def\rhead{\.{WEB} OUTPUT} % this running head is reset by starred sections
+\def\title{} % an optional title can be set by the user
+\def\topofcontents{\centerline{\titlefont\title}
+  \vfill} % this material will start the table of contents page
+\def\botofcontents{\vfill} % this material will end the table of contents page
+\def\contentspagenumber{0} % default page number for table of contents
+\newdimen\pagewidth \pagewidth=6.5in % the width of each page
+\newdimen\pageheight \pageheight=8.7in % the height of each page
+\newdimen\fullpageheight \fullpageheight=9in % page height including headlines
+\newdimen\pageshift \pageshift=0in % shift righthand pages wrt lefthand ones
+\def\magnify#1{\mag=#1\pagewidth=6.5truein\pageheight=8.7truein
+  \fullpageheight=9truein\setpage}
+\def\setpage{\hsize\pagewidth\vsize\pageheight} % use after changing page size
+\def\contentsfile{CONTENTS} % file that gets table of contents info
+\def\readcontents{\input CONTENTS}
+
+\newwrite\cont
+\output{\setbox0=\page % the first page is garbage
+  \openout\cont=\contentsfile
+  \global\output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}}
+\setpage
+\vbox to \vsize{} % the first \topmark won't be null
+
+\def\ch{\note{The following sections were changed by the change file:}
+  \let\*=\relax}
+\newbox\sbox % saved box preceding the index
+\newbox\lbox % lefthand column in the index
+\def\inx{\par\vskip6pt plus 1fil % we are beginning the index
+  \write\cont{} % ensure that the contents file isn't empty
+  \closeout\cont % the contents information has been fully gathered
+  \output{\ifpagesaved\normaloutput{\box\sbox}\lheader\rheader\fi
+    \global\setbox\sbox=\page \global\pagesavedtrue}
+  \pagesavedfalse \eject % eject the page-so-far and predecessors
+  \setbox\sbox\vbox{\unvbox\sbox} % take it out of its box
+  \vsize=\pageheight \advance\vsize by -\ht\sbox % the remaining height
+  \hsize=.5\pagewidth \advance\hsize by -10pt
+    % column width for the index (20pt between cols)
+  \parfillskip 0pt plus .6\hsize % try to avoid almost empty lines
+  \def\lr{L} % this tells whether the left or right column is next
+  \output{\if L\lr\global\setbox\lbox=\page \gdef\lr{R}
+    \else\normaloutput{\vbox to\pageheight{\box\sbox\vss
+        \hbox to\pagewidth{\box\lbox\hfil\page}}}\lheader\rheader
+    \global\vsize\pageheight\gdef\lr{L}\global\pagesavedfalse\fi}
+  \message{Index:}
+  \parskip 0pt plus .5pt
+  \outer\def\:##1, {\par\hangindent2em\noindent##1:\kern1em} % index entry
+  \let\ttentry=\. \def\.##1{\ttentry{##1\kern.2em}} % give \tt a little room
+  \def\[##1]{$\underline{##1}$} % underlined index item
+  \rm \rightskip0pt plus 2.5em \tolerance 10000 \let\*=\lapstar
+  \hyphenpenalty 10000 \parindent0pt}
+\def\fin{\par\vfill\eject % this is done when we are ending the index
+  \ifpagesaved\null\vfill\eject\fi % output a null index column
+  \if L\lr\else\null\vfill\eject\fi % finish the current page
+  \parfillskip 0pt plus 1fil
+  \def\rhead{NAMES OF THE SECTIONS}
+  \message{Section names:}
+  \output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
+  \setpage
+  \def\note##1##2.{\hfil\penalty-1\hfilneg\quad{\eightrm##1~##2.}}
+  \linepenalty=10 % try to conserve lines
+  \def\U{\note{Used in section}} % crossref for use of a section
+  \def\Us{\note{Used in sections}} % crossref for uses of a section
+  \def\:{\par\hangindent 2em}\let\*=*\let\.=\ttentry}
+\def\con{\par\vfill\eject % finish the section names
+  \rightskip 0pt \hyphenpenalty 50 \tolerance 200
+  \setpage
+  \output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
+  \titletrue % prepare to output the table of contents
+  \pageno=\contentspagenumber \def\rhead{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
+  \message{Table of contents:}
+  \topofcontents
+  \line{\hfil Section\hbox to3em{\hss Page}}
+  \def\Z##1##2##3{\line{\ignorespaces##1
+    \leaders\hbox to .5em{.\hfil}\hfil\ ##2\hbox to3em{\hss##3}}}
+  \readcontents\relax % read the contents info
+  \botofcontents \end} % print the contents page(s) and terminate
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/wlist.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/wlist.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a665a32a627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/base/wlist.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+% Makes a landscape listing of one or more files with wide lines
+% Typical usage:
+% tex list *.c \\end
+
+\hsize=9in
+\vsize=6.5in
+\special{landscape}
+
+\def\grabfile#1 {\setbox0=\lastbox\endgraf\doit{#1}}
+\everypar{\grabfile}
+
+\font\filenamefont= cmtt8 scaled\magstep3
+\font\headlinefont= cmr8
+\font\listingfont= cmtex8
+\font\eoffont= cmti8
+
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\newcount\m \newcount\n
+\n=\time \divide\n 60 \m=-\n \multiply\m 60 \advance\m \time
+\def\hours{\twodigits\n\twodigits\m}
+\def\twodigits#1{\ifnum #1<10 0\fi \number#1}
+
+\newlinechar=`@
+\message{@\today\space at \hours}
+
+\baselineskip=9pt
+\medskipamount=4pt minus 1pt
+\raggedbottom
+\nopagenumbers
+
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\doit#1{\message{@Listing #1@}
+  \begingroup \everypar{} \frenchspacing
+  \headline{\filenamefont#1\quad\headlinefont \today\ at \hours
+      \hfill Page \folio}
+  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials
+  \catcode127=\other \catcode9=\other \catcode12=\other
+  \parindent 0pt \parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil minus 1in
+  \everypar{\hangindent 1in} \rightskip=0pt plus 2in
+  \def\par{\ifvmode\penalty-500\medskip\else\endgraf\fi}
+  \listingfont \obeylines \obeyspaces \global\pageno=1
+  \input #1 {\eoffont(end of\/ file)}\endgraf\vfill\eject\endgroup}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\catcode`\_=\other % allow _ in file names
+
+% A tab (^^I) prints as lowercase gamma.
+% Character ^^M could be made visible, with a bit of work;
+% at present, it's indistinguishable from newline (^^J).
+
+% You can get up to 170 characters on a line without an overfull box.