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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2015-04-13 13:48:08 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2015-04-13 13:48:08 +0000 |
commit | 013bf3bc293cf08e4b4167cb42180bc355f399c0 (patch) | |
tree | 5235dfbae8830590c7fc6a0c70ecd3c84d22c677 /Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/base/encguide.tex | |
parent | bacfc70aefdbc2ec3496c976ad12fe9ef26604e1 (diff) |
latex2e 2015/01/01
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@36834 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/base/encguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/base/encguide.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 332368e7585..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/base/encguide.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1413 +0,0 @@ -% \iffalse meta-comment -% -% Copyright 1993-2014 -% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere -% in this file. -% -% This file is part of the LaTeX base system. -% ------------------------------------------- -% -% It may be distributed and/or modified under the -% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c -% of this license or (at your option) any later version. -% The latest version of this license is in -% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt -% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX -% version 2005/12/01 or later. -% -% This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained". -% -% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is -% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional -% information. -% -% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution -% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with -% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution. -% -% \fi -% $Id: encguide.tex 5713 2006-01-18 23:29:23Z robin $ -% - - -\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] - -\documentclass{ltxguide}[1994/11/20] - -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} -\IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{} -\usepackage{textcomp} -\usepackage{url} -\usepackage{mflogo} - -\addtolength\textheight{6\baselineskip} -\addtolength\topmargin{-2\baselineskip} - - -\newcommand\ttverb[1]{\texttt{\string#1}} - - -% for encodings -\providecommand{\Enc}[1]{\texttt{#1}} - -% for packages -\providecommand{\Pkg}[1]{% - \textsf{#1}} - -% for files -\providecommand{\File}[1]{% - \texttt{#1}} - -% let's have meta values too -\providecommand{\meta}[1]{% - \ensuremath{\langle}\emph{#1}\ensuremath{\rangle}} - -\usepackage{tabularx} - -% eine Umgebung zur Darstellung von Kodierungen -% -% Argumente: -% #1: Name in LaTeX (z.B. OT1) -% #2: Name der Kodierung (z.B. TeX text) -% #3: Name des Autors (z.B. Don Knuth) -% #4: Bereich der benützten Glyphindizes -% #5: variable Positionen -% #6: Beispielzeichensatz -% #7: Referenz -% -% XXX add code to handle more than a single font example (e.g., larm1000, -% lbrm1000, and lcrm1000). -% -\newenvironment{encodinginfo}[7]% - {\noindent - \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}l>{\raggedright\let\\\tabularnewline}X}% - \LaTeX{} name: & \texttt{#1}\\% - Public name: & #2\\% - Author: & #3\\% - Glyph slots used: & #4\\% - Variable slots: & #5\\% - Font example: & \def\@tempa{#6}\ifx\@tempa\@empty---% - \else\texttt{#6}\referenceftable{#6}\fi\\% - Further reference: & #7% - \end{tabularx}% - \par\nobreak - \vspace*{3pt}% - \quote - }% - {\endquote - \vspace{6pt}} - -\makeatletter -\def\referenceftable#1{ - \@ifundefined{r@fonttable:#1}% - \relax - {;\space encoding table on page~\pageref{fonttable:#1}}% -} - -% font table macros mainly lifted from manmac.tex -\def\oct#1{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} -\def\hex#1{\hbox{\rm\H{}\tt#1}} - -\def\oddline#1{\cr\noalign{\nointerlineskip} - \multispan{19}\hrulefill& - \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{#1x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr - \noalign{\nointerlineskip}} -\def\evenline{\cr\noalign{\hrule}} -\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}} -\def\beginchart#1#2{$$\global\count@=0 #1 - \halign to\hsize\bgroup - \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt& - &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr - \lower6.5pt\null - &&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline} -\def\endchart{\raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B& - &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$} -\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\noboundary\char\count@\noboundary}% - \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition - \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi - \box0\global\advance\count@ by1 } -\def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}} -\def\normalchart{% - &\oct{00x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline0 - &\oct{01x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{02x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline1 - &\oct{03x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{04x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline2 - &\oct{05x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{06x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline3 - &\oct{07x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{10x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline4 - &\oct{11x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{12x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline5 - &\oct{13x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{14x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline6 - &\oct{15x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{16x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline7 - &\oct{17x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - \top} - -\def\notophalf{} -\def\tophalf{% -%\noalign{\vskip 5pt\hrule} - &\oct{20x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline8 - &\oct{21x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{22x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline9 - &\oct{23x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{24x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline A - &\oct{25x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{26x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline B - &\oct{27x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{30x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline C - &\oct{31x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{32x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline D - &\oct{33x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{34x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline E - &\oct{35x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline - &\oct{36x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline F - &\oct{37x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline} - -\def\ftable#1#2{% - \batchmode - \font\X=#1% - \errorstopmode - \ifx\X\nullfont - \@warning{Font #1 not found, table omitted} - \else - \count@="80 - \setbox0=\hbox{\X - \loop\char\count@\advance\count@ by1 \ifnum\count@<"100 - \repeat}% - \ifdim\wd0>0pt \let\top\tophalf\else\let\top\notophalf\fi - \beginchart\X{\hfill\llap{\textbf{#1, \large#2}\label{fonttable:#1}}}\normalchart - \endchart\par\vfill - \fi} -\makeatother - - -\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} - -\title{\LaTeX{} font encodings} - -\author{Frank Mittelbach \and Robin - Fairbairns \and Werner Lemberg \and \LaTeX3 Project Team.} - -\date{\copyright~Copyright 1995--2014 \\[5pt] 29 October 2014} - -\begin{document} - -\maketitle - -\tableofcontents - -\section{Introduction} - -This document explains the ideas that underpin \LaTeX{} font -encodings and the constraints that apply when defining a new encoding; it -also lists the encodings that have already been defined. - -\subsection{Encodings in \TeX{}} - -\TeX{} (the program) implicitly recognises three sorts of encoding, -and all are (in a sense) discussed in the \TeX{}book~\cite{A-W:DKn86}: -\begin{itemize} -\item[1.] The input encoding, which specifies the meanings of characters - in files presented to \TeX{} for processing. The \TeX{}book - suggests that `your version of \TeX{} will recognise the characters - you type on your keyboard' (\TeX{} the program has provision for - static translations of input characters). -\end{itemize} -Such direct use of \TeX{}'s facilities is not the way modern -\LaTeX{} (or indeed any other \TeX{} macro package) is likely to deal -with input encodings. This document does not address the topic of -input encodings; the interested reader should examine the \LaTeX{} -base package \Pkg{inputenc} \cite[sec.~7.5.2, p.~357]{A-W:MG2004}. -\begin{itemize} -\item[2.] The token stream that \TeX{} processes internally. This stream - of \TeX{}'s consciousness is discussed in great detail in the - \TeX{}book. -\end{itemize} -Again, this document does not address the topic. \LaTeX's internal -character representation (\textsc{licr}) is well discussed in -\cite[sec.~7.11.2, p.~442]{A-W:MG2004}. -\begin{itemize} -\item[3.] The font encoding---i.e., the mapping of character codes to - glyphs in the fonts that are used to typeset \TeX{}'s output. - Again, a set of font encodings is enumerated in the \TeX{}book, but - that set has proved inadequate to the needs of modern multilingual - use of \LaTeX. -\end{itemize} -This document explains \emph{why} Knuth's original set of encodings is -inadequate to modern conditions, and discusses the issues that -surround the design and definition of new font encodings. - -Font encodings are important for more than their r\^{o}le in mapping the -glyphs of the fonts to be used for typesetting: their glyph tables are -also the context in which \TeX{}'s hyphenation algorithm operates. -There are constraints imposed by \TeX{} that affect the way in which -new font encodings, for use in a multi-lingual environment, may be -structured (see section~\ref{sec:restrictions} for details). - -\subsection{The history of \TeX{} font encodings} - -Little attention was paid to font encodings prior to the arrival of -\TeX{}\,3. Up to that time, one used Donald Knuth's fonts (the -Computer Modern family, using the encodings we now refer to as \Enc{OT1} and -the \Enc{OM} series), or one was on one's own. - -The Computer Modern text encoding raises problems in unmodified -\TeX{}, because hyphenation cannot break words containing -\verb"\accent" commands. Even in those Western European languages for -which the \Enc{OT1} encoding has symbols for the necessary -\verb"\accent"-based diacritics, this shortcoming ruins typesetting of -running text. - -With the advent of \TeX{}\,3, with its ability to switch between -hyphenation pattern sets, it was clear that the situation could not -continue. Thus a group at the TUG Annual General Meeting in Cork, -Ireland, specified a uniform encoding for 256-glyph fonts, that -contains accented letters and non-\textsc{ascii} letters necessary to -express most Western European languages (and some Eastern European ones) -without recourse to the \verb"\accent" command. - -This ``Cork'' encoding has since been realised in a series of fonts -designed with Metafont, in at least one font series that is available -both in Adobe Type 1 format and in OpenType format, % viz., Latin Modern -and in a number of virtual-font mappings of other font series. - -Since the time of the Cork meeting, much effort has been devoted to -the design of encodings for text fonts to use with \TeX{}, and the -Cork encoding influenced the design of many such encodings. - -Encodings for mathematical fonts have, in contrast, changed little -since Knuth's contributions. A TUG Technical Working Group was -established at the Cork meeting, whose aim was to define a set of -256-glyph encodings to regularise and extend Knuth's originals, using -ideas from several other fonts that had appeared since, and from the -known needs of researchers in mathematics and the mathematical sciences. - -Independently, a first proposal (the so-called \emph{Aston proposal}) was worked -out by Justin Ziegler together with Frank Mittelbach and other members of the -\LaTeX3 project team~\cite{ziegler}. A first implementation of -this propsal was realized by Matthias Clasen und Ulrik -Vieth~\cite{clasen,clasen-vieth}. - -However, the slow progress of these Mathematical encodings has been -overtaken by the addition (in the last decade or so) of a large number -of mathematical symbols to Unicode~\cite{beeton}; one can expect -further changes so that new public mathematical font encodings will -most likely be delayed still further. - - - -\subsection{Further information} - -For a general introduction to \LaTeX, including the new features of -\LaTeXe, you should read \emph{\LaTeXbook}, -Leslie Lamport, Addison Wesley, 2nd~ed, 1994. - -A more detailed description of the new features of \LaTeX, including an -overview of more than 200 packages and nearly 1000 ready to run examples, is -to be found in \emph{\LaTeXcomp{} second edition} by Frank Mittelbach and -Michel Goossens~\cite{A-W:MG2004}. - -The \LaTeX{} project sponsored a report on Mathematical % spelt out in full -font encodings, which -is worth reading for its insight into the problems of defining the way -in which math is used: see~\cite{ziegler,clasen,clasen-vieth}. - -The \LaTeX{} font selection scheme is based on \TeX, which is described -by its developer in \emph{The \TeX book}, Donald E.~Knuth, Addison -Wesley, 1986, revised in 1991 to include the features of \TeX~3. - -For more information about \TeX{} and \LaTeX, please contact your local -\TeX{} Users Group, or the international \TeX{} Users Group -(\url{http://www.tug.org}). - - - -\section{Existing font encodings} - -This section lists the encodings currently assigned; for each -encoding, we list the registered (\LaTeX{}) name, the assigned purpose -of the encoding, and the author. Further details may list the code -positions used in the encoding, the \emph{variable slots} (see below), -an example font (for which a listing will be provided later in the -document if the relevant fonts are present), and a source for further -reference. - -While the characteristic feature of an encoding is that each font -encoded according to the encoding should have the same glyph set, -there are some encodings (notably \Enc{OT1} and its descendants) in -which a few glyph code slots differ in their contents in different -fonts. - -\subsection{Naming conventions} - -Names for encoding schemes are strings of up to three letters (all -upper case) plus digits. - -The \LaTeX3 project reserves the use of encoding names starting with the -following letters: |T| (standard 256-long text encodings), |TS| -(symbols that are designed to extend a corresponding |T| encoding), -|X| (text encodings that do not conform to the strict requirements for -|T| encodings), |M| (standard 256-long mathematical encodings), |S| (other -symbol encodings), |A| (other special applications), |OT| (standard -128-long text encodings), and |OM| (standard 128-long mathematical encodings). - -Please do not use the above starting letters for non-portable -encodings. If new standard encodings emerge then we shall add them in -a later release of \LaTeX. - -Encoding schemes which are local to a site or a system should start -with |L|, experimental encodings intended for wide distribution will -start with |E|, whilst |U| is for Unknown or Unclassified encodings. - -\begin{quote} - \itshape We recommend that new encoding names should not be - introduced unless careful consideration and discussion in the user - community has confirmed the need for the encoding. If encodings have to - change from font to font, a number of problems arise, so it is best to - develop encodings that can be used with a large number of fonts in parallel. - This allows documents to be typeset using different fonts without problems. - - The \Enc{TS1} encoding is a good example of a \emph{bad} encoding (even - though it was developed with the best intentions) as a huge number of fonts - can only implement parts of it. Similarly, the fact that the few sets of - available mathematical fonts (beside Computer Modern Math) nearly - all implement slightly different encodings is a huge source of - problems. Don't add to this if possible! -\end{quote} - - -\subsection{128$^+$ glyph encodings (text)} - -The `OT' series of font encodings start with Donald Knuth's original -text encoding, that used for the text fonts in the earliest releases -of \TeX{} itself. The `O' of the encoding designator may be taken as -signifying `original', or just `old'. - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OT1} - {\TeX{} text} - {Donald Ervin Knuth} - {0x00--0x7F} - {0x0B--0x0F, 0x24, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x5C, 0x7B--0x7D} -% {0X--'177} -% {'13--'17, '44, '74, '76, '134, '173--'175} - {cmr10} - {\cite[p.427]{A-W:DKn86}} - - Donald Knuth designed his font encoding (and hence his fonts) in a - very different environment from that which now pervades the \TeX{} - world: his (mainframe) computer had very little memory, there was - little experience in (or demand for) for multilingual technical - typesetting, and as a result it was appropriate to sacrifice - uniformity for efficiency. - - Thus Knuth's original fonts differ slightly in some encoded slots: - for example, the glyphs \texttt{\string<}, \texttt{\string>}, - \verb=\=, \verb={=, and \verb=}= are only available in the - typewriter fonts and the \textdollar{} and \textsterling{} signs - share the same position (in different font shapes). - - This means that direct selection of these slots can produce - unpredictable results, e.g., typing \texttt{\string<} or - \verb=\symbol{'74}= in a document can yield `\textquestiondown'. -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OT2} - {UW cyrillic encoding} - {University of Washington} - {0x00--0x7F} - {---} - {wnr10} - {\cite{Beeton:TB6-3-124}} - Support for this encoding is available in the Cyrillic bundle although for - all practical purposes it is better to use one of the \Enc{T2} encodings. -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OT3} - {UW IPA encoding} - {University of Washington} - {0x00--0x7f} - {---} - {wsuipa10} - {\cite[p.149]{CorkGW:91}} - The \Enc{OT3} encoding was never really used with \LaTeXe{} - following the introduction of the TIPA system which offers much - better support for IPA. In particular, no \File{ot3enc.def} - file was ever produced. -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OT4} - {Polish text encoding} - {B.~Jackowski and M.~Ry\'cko} %% ? Marcin Woli\'nski - {0x00--0x7F, 0x81, 0x82, 0x86, 0x8A, 0x8B, 0x91, 0x99, 0x9B, 0xA1, - 0xA2, 0xA6, 0xAA, 0xAB, 0xAE, 0xAF, 0xB1, 0xB9, 0xBB, 0xD3, 0xF3, - 0xFF} - {0x0B--0x0F, 0x24, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x5C, 0x7B--0x7D} - {plr10} - {---} - - While Knuth included the means of typesetting the `lost L' (\L) in - his \Enc{OT1} encoding, he omitted the ogonek (\,\,\k{}), a diacritic - mark that is also needed in Polish text; hence the appearance, well - before the \Enc{T1} encoding, of fonts using this encoding. -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OT5} - {Not currently allocated} - {---} - {---} - {---} - {} - {---} - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OT6} - {Armenian text encoding} - {Serguei Dachian} - {0x03--0x0F, 0x13--0x7F} - {---} - {artmr10} - {---} - - This encoding was allocated to permit use of Dachian's - Armenian fonts in a standard \LaTeX{} environment. - - Because of license issues the \texttt{artmr} fonts are not necessarily - included in distributed \TeX{} installations (and for this reason the - corresponding encoding table is not shown below). However, the fonts - and the support macros can be found on the CTAN archives (look for - \texttt{armtex}). - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\subsection{256 glyph encodings (text)} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{T1} - {Cork encoding} - {Euro \TeX{} conference at Cork} - {0x00--0xFF} - {---} - {ecrm1000} - {\cite[p.514]{tub:MFe90}, \cite[p.99]{Knappen:TB17-2-96}} - - The Cork encoding was developed so that advantage could be taken of - the (then) new facilities of \TeX{}\,3, allowing hyphenation of - most Western European (and some Eastern European) languages in an - unmodified version of \TeX{}. - - The encoding was developed in the absence of any extant effort at - font design, but instances written in Metafont (the `EC' fonts), and - more recently Adobe Type 1 instances of the same fonts have become - available. - - Substantial (but incomplete) instances have also been developed, - which use virtual fonts. These latter instances map either Knuth's - original (OT1-encoded) fonts, or commercial fonts that contain the - Adobe `standard' set of 224 glyphs. -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {T2A, T2B, T2C} - {Cyrillic encodings} - {The CyrTUG font team} - {0x00--0xFF} - {--- (within each encoding)} - {larm1000} - {\cite{Berdnikov:eurotex-98}} - - There are too many glyphs in the full Cyrillic complement of - languages for all of them to be covered by a single - \LaTeX{}-compliant encoding (the lower half of each - \Enc{T2}~encoding is identical to that of \Enc{T1}, in order that - each should be a conforming \LaTeX{} encoding~--- see - section~\ref{sec:restrictions}). The approach taken is - therefore to develop a single encoding, \Enc{X2} (see \ref{sec:extendedenc}) - which contains all the glyphs needed for the full set of - languages, and then to derive the three \LaTeX{}-complaint - \Enc{T2}-family encodings using the \Enc{X2} set together with that of - \Enc{T1}. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{T3} - {IPA encoding} - {FUKUI Rei, University of Tokyo} - {0x00--0xFF} - {---} - {tipa10} - {\cite[p.102]{Rei:TB17-2-102}} - - - The \Enc{T3} encoding (and associated macros) provides the glyphs required - in phonetic description according to current International Phonetic - Association recommendations \cite{ipa}. - - The \Enc{T3} encoding does \emph{not fulfil} the requirements for \Enc{T} - encodings---the name is a historical accident. The correct name would be - \Enc{X3}, but due to the fact that this font family has been used under its - current encoding name for a long time, the name will not change for - compatibility reasons. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{T4} - {African Latin (fc)} % public name - {J\"org Knappen} % author name - {0x00--0xFF} % range(s) of slots used for glyphs - {0x24} % range(s) of slots with variable glyphs if any - {fcr10} % name of an example font - {\cite{tub:JKn93}} - -The African Latin fonts contain in their lower half (0--127) the same -characters as the European Latin (T1-encoded) Fonts, while in their -upper half (128--255) they -contain letters and symbols for African languages that use extended -Latin alphabets. -Due to lack of space, J\"org had to play the unfortunate trick of -assigning \verb=\textdollar= and \verb=\textsterling= -the same position; users should take these characters -from the text companion font, if they are needed. Instead of defining -a lot of new control sequences for the single letters, there are three -accent-like control sequences with general purpose: -\verb=\m= (Modified-1), -\verb=\M= (Modified-2) and -\verb=\B= (Barred). -Most standard \LaTeX{} encoding-dependent commands -work. However, the Icelandic special letters are not available and `best -replacements' for \verb=\Th=, \verb=\th=, and \verb=\dh= -are used (barred T and d resp.). -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{T5} - {Vietnamese encoding} - {Werner Lemberg and - Vladimir Volovich} - {0x00--0xFF} - {---} - {vnr10} - {\cite{vnr}} - - The \Enc{T5} encoding was developed for Vietnamese. Again, this encoding - \emph{does not} conform to the requirements for a \Enc{T}-encoding - because its large number of accented letters prevent the \verb=\lccode= and - \verb=\uccode= mapping requirements for \Enc{T} encodings from being - fulfilled. However, since the Vietnamese language does not - use word division in typesetting so that this requirement is - actually not important for this particular language. - Since every glyph used in Vietnamese text is internally - represented as \textsc{licr} macros, the commands \verb=\MakeUppercase= and - \verb=\MakeLowercase= still work as expected (as they change the case of the - \textsc{ascii} characters in \textsc{licr} definitions). - -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {T6} - {Armenian} - {---} - {---} - {---} - {} - {---} - - This encoding is reserved to permit future expansion of Armenian - \TeX{} to use 256-character (hyphenatable) fonts. -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{T7} - {Greek encoding} - {---} - {---} - {---} - {} - {---} - -The name is already reserved for a 256 glyph greek encoding. The encoding -itself hasn't been defined so far. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\subsection{256$^-$ glyph encodings (text symbols)} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{TS1} - {Text Companion encoding (Cork)} - {J\"org Knappen} - {0x00--0x0D, 0x12, 0x15, 0x16, 0x18--0x1D, 0x20, 0x24, 0x27, 0x2A, - 0x2C--0x3A, 0x3C--0x3E, 0x4D, 0x4F, 0x57, 0x5B, 0x5D--0x60, - 0x62--0x64, 0x6C--0x6E, 0x7E--0xBF, 0xD6, 0xF6} - {---} - {tcrm1000} - {\cite{Knappen:TB17-2-96}} - - The text symbol encoding offers access to symbolic glyphs that are - commonly used in text (for a variety of reasons), and whose style - should vary with the text that surrounds them. - - Unfortunately, the \Enc{TS1} encoding was developed without - reference to the glyphs available in existing commercial fonts. - As a result, only font families - explicitly developed for \TeX{} (i.e., typically originating with - \MF{}) actually contain all glyphs required by the \Enc{TS1} - encoding. Most other font families (whether free or commercial) - often only provide half of the set% -%% -%% don't show the comment if the tables are not generated -%% -\expandafter\ifx\csname r@fonttable:tcrm1000\endcsname\relax -\else - \expandafter\ifx\csname r@fonttable:ptmr8c\endcsname\relax - \else - \space (compare the two tables for \Enc{TS1} on - pages~\pageref{fonttable:tcrm1000} - and~\pageref{fonttable:ptmr8c})% - \fi -\fi. - To improve this situation somewhat, NFSS provides a way to define encoding - subsets on a per family basis in the \Pkg{textcomp} package (which - package offers support for the \Enc{TS1} encoding). -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{TS3} - {IPA symbol encoding} - {FUKUI Rei, University of Tokyo} - {0x00--0x0A, 0x20--0x49, 0x50--0x56, 0x70--0x7B} - {---} - {tipx10} - {\cite{Rei:TB17-2-102}} - - The \Enc{TS3} encoding (together with the \Enc{T3} encoding) provides the - glyphs for typesetting phonetic transcriptions following the - guidelines of the International Phonetic Association \cite{ipa}. Support - is offered through the \Pkg{tipa} package. -\end{encodinginfo} - - - - -\subsection{256 glyph encodings (text extended)} -\label{sec:extendedenc} - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {X2} - {Cyrillic glyph container} - {The CyrTUG font team} - {0x00--0xFF} - {---} - {rxrm1000} - {\cite{Berdnikov:eurotex-98}} - - This encoding specifies the glyph container for Cyrillic characters, - which is used in specifying the \Enc{T2A}, \Enc{T2B} and \Enc{T2C} encodings. -\end{encodinginfo} - - - - -\subsection{128$^+$ glyph encodings (mathematics)} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OML} - {\TeX{} math italic} - {Donald Ervin Knuth} - {0x00--0x7F} - {---} - {cmmi10} - {\cite[p.430]{A-W:DKn86}} - - The \Enc{OML} encoding contains italic Latin and Greek letters for - use in mathematical formulas (typically used for variables) together - with some symbols. - -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OMS} - {\TeX{} math symbol} - {Donald Ervin Knuth} - {0x00--0x7F} - {---} - {cmsy10} - {\cite[p.431]{A-W:DKn86}} - - The \Enc{OMS} encoding contains basic mathematical symbols, - together with an uppercase ``calligraphic'' Latin alphabet. -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{OMX} - {\TeX{} math extension} - {Donald Ervin Knuth} - {0x00--0x7F} - {---} - {cmex10} - {\cite[p.432]{A-W:DKn86}} - - \Enc{OMS} encodes mathematical symbols with variable sizes, such as - the $\sum$ sign, which changes its size if used in displayed - formulas, and the construction parts for - brackets, braces and radicals, etc., which can stretch to accommodate - the thing they're enclosing. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - - -\subsection{256 glyph encodings (mathematics)} - -So far there are no 256 glyph mathematical encodings. A proposal is -given in \cite{ziegler}. - - -\subsection{Other encodings} - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {C..} - {CJK encodings} - {Werner Lemberg} - {0x00--0xFF} - {---} - {} % no font, of course - {\cite{CJK}} - - The \Pkg{CJK} package defines a number of encodings which access Chinese, - Japanese and Korean fonts. - -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {E..} - {Experimental encodings} - {---} - {0x00--0xFF} - {all} - {} - {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}} - - As the name indicates, encodings starting with the letter \Enc{E} are - intended for experimental encodings, that are still likely to change. -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{L..} - {Local encoding (site dependent)} - {---} - {0x00--0xFF} - {all} - {} - {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}} - - `Local' encodings provide the means to develop representation - techniques that are suited to a particular \TeX{} environment. While - the developer has freedom to specify their encoding as he or she - pleases, there is a strong incentive to obey the \LaTeX{} rules for - encodings, since it will otherwise be difficult to compose text using - the encoding. - - At least it was the intention that \Enc{L..} encodings are local and - site dependent. However, a number of such encodings became generally - used without ever getting a different name allocated. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{LY1} - {Y\&Y 256 glyph encoding} - {Berthold Horn} - {0x00--0x08, 0x0C, 0x10, 0x12--0xFF} - {\emph{believed none}} - {ptmr8y} - {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}} - - This is an alternative to the \Enc{T1} encoding developed by Y\&Y and - used in their commercial \TeX{} implementation. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{LV1} - {MicroPress encoding} - {Michael Vulis} - {\emph{unknown}} - {\emph{unknown}} - {} - {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}} - - This is an encoding developed by MicroPress and used for some of their - fonts. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo}{LGR} - {Greek 256 glyph encoding} - {\emph{unknown}} - {0x00--0xFF} - {\emph{believed none}} - {grmn1000} - {\cite[p.575]{A-W:MG2004}} - - Currently the main encoding in use for the Greek language. - - This encoding doesn't conform to the restrictions for - \Enc{T}-encodings described in section~\ref{sec:restrictions} on - page~\pageref{sec:restrictions} as it doesn't have \textsc{ascii} - glyphs at all. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {PD1} - {PDF DocEncoding} - {Adobe} - {0x08--0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x18--0x7E, 0x80--0x9E, 0xA0--0xAE, 0xB0--0xFF} - {---} - {} - {\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}, \cite{hyperref}} - - The \Enc{PD1} encoding is a virtual encoding with 256 glyphs needed to - produce bookmarks and similar text in PDF document generated with pdf\LaTeX. - The encoding is ``virtual'' because by design there are no \TeX{} - fonts that cover \Enc{PD1}. Details can be found in appendix D.1 - of~\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}. -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo} - {PU} - {PDF Unicode Encoding} - {Adobe} - {---} - {---} - {} - {\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}, \cite{hyperref}} - - Another virtual encoding (with more than 600 characters) for - Unicode-encoded bookmarks in PDF documents. -\end{encodinginfo} - -\begin{encodinginfo}{U} - {Unknown encoding} - {---} - {potentially 0x00-0xFF} - {all} - {wasy10} - {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}} - - This encoding should be used for fonts that resist classification, - e.g., when it is clear that there will never be more than one font - using the same encoding. - -\end{encodinginfo} - - - -\section{Restrictions} -\label{sec:restrictions} - - -\subsection{Required glyphs for general text encodings} - -Encodings that are supposed to be used with \LaTeX{} for `general -purpose text fonts' need to have certain fixed glyphs in certain -encoding slots. A `general purpose text font' is one intended for -arbitrary natural language text and not just within special -environments (such as the phonetic alphabet) or just for typesetting -individual symbols (e.g., the text companion font with encoding -\Enc{TS1}). - -This is the case for the following glyphs that have to be in their -\textsc{ascii} positions for general purpose text encodings: -\begin{center} -\begin{tabular}[t]{cc} - Glyph & Position \\ \hline - ! & \number`\! \\ - ' & \number`\' \\ - ( & \number`\( \\ - ) & \number`\) \\ - \relax* & \number`\* \\ - + & \number`\+ \\ - , & \number`\, \\ - - & \number`\- \\ - . & \number`\. \\ - / & \number`\/ \\ - 0 \ldots\ 9 & \number`\0\ to \number`\9 \\ - \end{tabular} - \quad - \begin{tabular}[t]{cc} - Glyph & Position \\ \hline - : & \number`\: \\ - ; & \number`\; \\ - = & \number`\= \\ - ? & \number`\? \\ - @ & \number`\@ \\ - A \ldots\ Z & \number`\A\ to \number`\Z \\ - \relax[ & \number`\[ \\ - ] & \number`\] \\ - ` & \number`\` \\ - a \ldots\ z & \number`\a\ to \number`\z \\ -\end{tabular} -\quad -\begin{tabular}[t]{cc} -Glyph\footnotemark & Position \\ \hline -< & \number`\< \\ -> & \number`\> \\ -\string| & \number`\| \\ -\end{tabular}\footnotetext{The requirement for these three glyphs is - violated in the Latin alphabet \Enc{OT} encodings.} -\end{center} -In addition the following glyphs have to be present -somewhere\footnote{The position in this case is not important as they -are generated from ligature programs.} in the encoding together with -corresponding ligature programs to generate them: -\begin{center} -\begin{tabular}[t]{cc} -Glyph & Ligature program \\ \hline - `` & \texttt{`\/`} \\ - '' & \texttt{'\/'} \\ - -- & \texttt{-\/-} \\ - --- & \texttt{-\/-\/-} \\ -\end{tabular} -\end{center} - -This is $33 + 2 * 26 = 85$ positions ``required'', which leaves 171 -positions free. - -If there are free slots available then adding all or some of the -diacritics would be the best way to fill them. - -If there are insufficient slots for the characters needed, a possible -technique is to create a subsidiary encoding, and to move non-letter -characters to it. Since only ``letters'' take part in the hyphenation -algorithm, this technique doesn't affect the appearance of the typeset -result. - -\subsection{The constraints on upper/lower case tables} - -Due to some technical restrictions of \TeX{} related to hyphenation it -is not possible in \LaTeX{} to use more than one \verb=\lccode= or -\verb=\uccode= table. Therefore all encodings need to share these two -tables which are defined to be those of the \Enc{T1} encoding. - -The \Enc{T1} encoding has some nasty peculiarities which make certain slot -positions more or less unusable for other encodings if this -restriction is to be obeyed. This is unfortunate but since \Enc{T1} is well -established and the basis for a large number of languages it seemed -better to live with this situation instead of trying to replace \Enc{T1} with a -slightly better standard (with the result that for a long time -different \LaTeX{} installations would not be able to communicate with -each other because of incompatible font sets). - -The positions that are problematic are as follows. -\begin{center} -\begin{tabular}{lp{.8\linewidth}} -25 (\char 25) & uppercase maps strangely (same as for 105, \char 105)\\ -26 (\char 26) & uppercase maps strangely (same as for 106, \char 106)\\ -27 (\char 27) & lowercase maps to itself which makes this slot subject - to hyphenation (used to support \Enc{OT1} encoding) \\ -157 (\char 157) & lowercase maps strangely (same as for 73, \char 73) \\ -158 (\char 158) & uppercase maps strangely (same as for 240, \char 240) \\ -\end{tabular} -\end{center} -One way to use such slots is to fill them with ligature glyphs as -\TeX{} will not consult these tables for glyphs constructed through -ligatures programs but instead uses the entries for the individual -glyphs used to produce the ligature. - -A complete listing of the uppercase/lowercase mapping tables is to be -found in section~\ref{sec:uclc-tab} (page \pageref{sec:uclc-tab}). - -\newcount\temp \newcount\tempL \newcount\tempU - -\def\nextstep{\global\tempL=\lccode\temp - \global\tempU=\uccode\temp - \lctablenumbersize\the\temp & - \the\tempL& - \the\tempU&\printlowerupper{\the\temp}{\the\tempL}{\the\tempU}\\ - \global\advance\temp by 1 - \stepprint} - -\def\printlowerupper#1#2#3{\char#1\relax - (\ifnum#2=0\relax--\else\char#2\fi - /\ifnum#3=0\relax--\else\char#3\fi)} - -\def\stepprint{\relax\ifnum\temp<\endval - \let\next=\nextstep - \else - \let\next=\relax - \fi - \next} - -\def\dolctable#1#2{{\temp=#1\relax -\def\endval{#2}% -\setlength\tabcolsep{1.5pt}% -\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}cccc@{}} -pos&lc&uc&glyphs\\\hline -\stepprint -\end{tabular}}} - -\iffalse -\begin{center} -\tiny\let\lctablenumbersize\tiny -\mbox{\dolctable{0}{52}\vrule -\dolctable{52}{104}\vrule -\dolctable{104}{156}\vrule -\dolctable{156}{208}\vrule -\dolctable{208}{256}} -\end{center} -\fi - -\iffalse -\begin{center}\tiny -\mbox{\dolctable{0}{65}\vrule -\dolctable{65}{128}\vrule -\dolctable{128}{193}\vrule -\dolctable{193}{256}} -\end{center} -\fi - - - -\section{Encoding specific commands} - -An encoding specific command is one that generates a glyph (or -glyphs), to produce a graphic effect that may be implemented -differently in different encodings. The encoding specific command -automatically changes its implementation when the encoding changes in -the course of the document. Encoding specific commands figure in -\LaTeX's internal character representation (\textsc{licr}) and are also -discussed in \cite[sec.~7.11.2, p.~442]{A-W:MG2004}. - -The following table only covers the encoding specific commands from -the \Enc{OT1} and \Enc{T1} encodings. Other encodings may specify -additional encoding specific commands. In the table, the first 15 -commands are `accent-like' and need as an argument the character to be -accented. For example, |\v{c}| is the \textsc{licr} for `\v{c}'. - -\begin{tabbing} -\ttverb\textvisiblespace\quad\=bbbbbbbbbbbbbb\=b'b'\=ccccccccccc\kill -\ttverb\`{} \>OT1,T1\> \a`{}\> (grave) \\ -\ttverb\'{} \>OT1,T1\> \a'{}\> (acute) \\ -\ttverb\^{} \>OT1,T1\> \^{}\> (circumflex) \\ -\ttverb\~{} \>OT1,T1\> \~{}\> (tilde) \\ -\ttverb\"{} \>OT1,T1\> \"{}\> (umlaut) \\ -\ttverb\H{} \>OT1,T1\> \H{}\> (Hungarian umlaut) \\ -\ttverb\r{} \>OT1,T1\> \r{}\> (ring) \\ -\ttverb\v{} \>OT1,T1\> \v{}\> (ha\v{c}ek) \\ -\ttverb\u{} \>OT1,T1\> \u{}\> (breve) \\ -\ttverb\t{} \>OT1,T1\> \t{}\> (tie) \\ -\ttverb\={} \>OT1,T1\> \a={}\> (macron) \\ -\ttverb\.{} \>OT1,T1\> \.{}\> (dot) \\ -\ttverb\b{} \>OT1,T1\> \b{}\> (underbar) \\ -\ttverb\c{} \>OT1,T1\> \c{}\> (cedilla) \\ -\ttverb\d{} \>OT1,T1\> \d{}\> (dot under) \\ -\ttverb\k{} \>T1 \> \k{}\> (ogonek) \\ -% \ttverb\AA \>OT1,T1\> \AA \> \\ % no longer -\ttverb\AE \>OT1,T1\> \AE \> \\ -\ttverb\DH \>T1 \> \DH \> \\ -\ttverb\DJ \>T1 \> \DJ \> \\ -\ttverb\L \>OT1,T1\> \L \> \\ -\ttverb\NG \>T1 \> \NG \> \\ -\ttverb\OE \>OT1,T1\> \OE \> \\ -\ttverb\O \>OT1,T1\> \O \> \\ -\ttverb\SS \>OT1,T1\> \SS \> \\ -\ttverb\TH \>T1 \> \TH \> \\ -% \ttverb\aa \>OT1,T1\> \aa \> \\ no-longer -\ttverb\ae \>OT1,T1\> \ae \> \\ -\ttverb\dh \>T1 \> \dh \> \\ -\ttverb\dj \>T1 \> \dj \> \\ -\ttverb\guillemotleft \>T1 \> \guillemotleft \> (guillemet) \\ -\ttverb\guillemotright \>T1 \> \guillemotright \> (guillemet) \\ -\ttverb\guilsinglleft \>T1 \> \guilsinglleft \> (guillemet) \\ -\ttverb\guilsinglright \>T1 \> \guilsinglright \> (guillemet) \\ -\ttverb\i \>OT1,T1\> \i \> \\ -\ttverb\j \>OT1,T1\> \j \> \\ -\ttverb\l \>OT1,T1\> \l \> \\ -\ttverb\ng \>T1 \> \ng \> \\ -\ttverb\oe \>OT1,T1\> \oe \> \\ -\ttverb\o \>OT1,T1\> \o \> \\ -\ttverb\quotedblbase \>T1 \> \quotedblbase \> \\ -\ttverb\quotesinglbase \>T1 \> \quotesinglbase \> \\ -\ttverb\ss \>OT1,T1\> \ss \> \\ -\ttverb\textasciicircum \>OT1,T1\> \textasciicircum \> \\ -\ttverb\textasciitilde \>OT1,T1\> \textasciitilde \> \\ -\ttverb\textbackslash \>OT1,T1\> \textbackslash \> \\ -\ttverb\textbar \>OT1,T1\> \textbar \> \\ -\ttverb\textbraceleft \>OT1,T1\> \textbraceleft \> \\ -\ttverb\textbraceright \>OT1,T1\> \textbraceright \> \\ -\ttverb\textcompwordmark \>OT1,T1\> \textcompwordmark\> (invisible) \\ -\ttverb\textdollar \>OT1,T1\> \textdollar \> \\ -\ttverb\textemdash \>OT1,T1\> \textemdash \> \\ -\ttverb\textendash \>OT1,T1\> \textendash \> \\ -\ttverb\textexclamdown \>OT1,T1\> \textexclamdown \> \\ -\ttverb\textgreater \>OT1,T1\> \textgreater \> \\ -\ttverb\textless \>OT1,T1\> \textless \> \\ -\ttverb\textquestiondown \>OT1,T1\> \textquestiondown\> \\ -\ttverb\textquotedbl \>T1 \> \textquotedbl \> \\ -\ttverb\textquotedblleft \>OT1,T1\> \textquotedblleft\> \\ -\ttverb\textquotedblright \>OT1,T1\> \textquotedblright\> \\ -\ttverb\textquoteleft \>OT1,T1\> \textquoteleft \> \\ -\ttverb\textquoteright \>OT1,T1\> \textquoteright \> \\ -\ttverb\textregistered \>OT1,T1\> \textregistered \> \\ -\ttverb\textsection \>OT1,T1\> \textsection \> \\ -\ttverb\textsterling \>OT1,T1\> \textsterling \> \\ -\ttverb\texttrademark \>OT1,T1\> \texttrademark \> \\ -\ttverb\textunderscore \>OT1,T1\> \textunderscore \> \\ -\ttverb\textvisiblespace \>OT1,T1\> \textvisiblespace\> \\ -\ttverb\th \>T1 \> \th \> -\end{tabbing} - - - - -\begin{thebibliography}{99} -\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\numberline{\relax}\refname} - - -\bibitem{Adobe:PDF-1.6} \emph{\textsc{PDF} reference}: - Adobe portable document format version~1.6. Adobe Systems - Incorporated, 2005. % why \textsuperscript{3}? - \url{http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/pdf/PDFReference16.pdf}. - -\bibitem{Beeton:TB6-3-124} Barbara Beeton: - \emph{Mathematical symbols and cyrillic fonts ready for - distribution}. In: TUGBoat, 6\#3), 1985. - \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb06-3/tb13beetcyr.pdf}. - -\bibitem{beeton} Barbara Beeton: \emph{Unicode - and math, a combination whose time has come -- Finally!}. In: - TUGBoat, 21\#3, 2000. - \url{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb21-3/tb68beet.pdf}. - - -\bibitem{Berdnikov:eurotex-98} A.\@ Berdnikov, O.\@ - Lapko, M.\@ Kolodin, A.\@ Janishevsky and - A.\@ Burykin: \emph{The Encoding Paradigm in - \LaTeXe{} and the Projected X2 Encoding for Cyrillic Texts}. - Euro\TeX~98. - \url{http://www.gutenberg.eu.org/pub/GUTenberg/publicationsPDF/28-29-berdnikova.pdf}. - -\bibitem{CJK} \emph{The \Pkg{CJK} package}: - \url{http://cjk.ffii.org}. - -\bibitem{clasen} Matthias Clasen: \emph{A new - implementation of \LaTeX{} math}, 1997-98. - \url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/current/newmath.ps.gz}. - -\bibitem{clasen-vieth} Matthias Clasen and Ulrik - Vieth: \emph{Towards a new Math Font Encoding - for (La)\TeX}. March 1998, - \url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/current/mfg-euro-all.ps.gz}. - -\bibitem{CorkGW:91} -Dean Guenther and Janene Winter. -\newblock An international phonetic alphabet. -\newblock In Guenther \cite{proc:MGu91}, pages 149--156. -\newblock Published as {TUG}boat 12\#1. - -\bibitem{proc:MGu91} -Mary Guenther, editor. -\newblock {\em {\TeX} 90 Conference Proceedings}, March 1991. -\newblock Published as {TUG}boat 12\#1. - -\bibitem{tub:MFe90} -Michael~J. Ferguson. -\newblock Report on multilingual activities. -\newblock {\em {TUG}boat}, 11(4):514--516, 1990. - -\bibitem{fontinst} \emph{The \Pkg{fontinst} package}: - \textlangle CTAN\textrangle\url{/fonts/utilities/fontinst}. - -\bibitem{Rei:TB17-2-102} Fukui Rei: - \emph{\textsl{TIPA}: A system for processing phonetic - symbols in \LaTeX}. In: TUGBoat, 17\#, 1996. - \url{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-2/tb51rei.pdf}. - -\bibitem{hyperref} \emph{The \Pkg{hyperref} package}: - \url{http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref}. - -\bibitem{tub:JKn93} -J\"org Knappen. -\newblock Fonts for Africa: The fc Fonts. -\newblock {\em {TUG}boat}, 14(2):104, 1993. - -\bibitem{Knappen:TB17-2-96} J\"org Knappen: - \emph{The \Pkg{dc} fonts~1.3: Move towards stability - and completeness}. In: TUGBoat 17\#2, 1996. - \url{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-2/tb51knap.pdf}. - -\bibitem{A-W:DKn86} -Donald~E. Knuth. -\newblock {\em The {\TeX}book}. -\newblock Volume~A of {\em Computers \& {T}ypesetting\/}, - May 1989. -\newblock Eight printing. - -\bibitem{vnr} \emph{The \Pkg{vnr} font family}, developed by - the author of pdf\TeX, {H\`an Th\^e\protect\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{\relax}}} Th\`anh}. - \url{http://vntex.org/download/vntex}. - - \bibitem{ipa} Home page of the International Phonetic Association. - \url{http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html} - -\bibitem{A-W:LLa94} -Leslie Lamport. -\newblock {\em {\LaTeX:} A Document Preparation System}. -\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994. - -\bibitem{LH-Fonts} \emph{The \Pkg{lh}-Fonts for Cyrillic}: - \textlangle CTAN\textrangle\url{/fonts/cyrillic/lh}. - -\bibitem{A-W:MG2004} -Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens. -\newblock {\em The {\LaTeX} Companion second edition}. -\newblock With Johannes Braams, David Carlisle, and Chris Rowley. -\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 2004. - -\bibitem{Unicode} \emph{The Unicode Standard}. - \url{http://unicode.org}. - -\bibitem{ziegler} Justin Ziegler, \emph{Technical - Report on Math Font Encodings}, June 1994, - \url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/ltx3pub/l3d007.ps.gz}. - -\end{thebibliography} - -\clearpage\appendix -\begin{center} - \Large\bfseries Appendices -\end{center} - -\section{Example code tables} - -This appendix contains a table of each font mentioned as an ``example'' -font above, providing that the font was available when the document -was processed with \LaTeX{}. (\LaTeX{} generates a warning message -for each font it fails to find.) - -\subsection{Text encodings} - -\ftable{cmr10}{OT1} - -\ftable{wnr10}{OT2} - -\ftable{wsuipa10}{OT3} - -\ftable{plr10}{OT4} - -%\ftable{artmr10}{OT6} - -\ftable{ecrm1000}{T1} - -\ftable{larm1000}{T2A} - -\ftable{lbrm1000}{T2B} - -\ftable{lcrm1000}{T2C} - -\ftable{tipa10}{T3} - -\ftable{fcr10}{T4} - -\ftable{vnr10}{T5} - - -\subsection{Text symbol encodings} - -The full table for \Enc{TS1} as provided by European Computer Modern family: -\ftable{tcrm1000}{TS1} - -\pagebreak - -In contrast typical PostScript fonts usually have incomplete implementations -of \Enc{TS1} sometimes missing more than half of the glyphs: - -\ftable{ptmr8c}{TS1} - -\ftable{tipx10}{TS3} - - - -\subsection{Extended text encodings} - -\ftable{rxrm1000}{X2} - - -\subsection{Mathematical encodings} - -\ftable{cmmi10}{OML} - -\ftable{cmsy10}{OMS} - -\ftable{cmex10}{OMX} - - -\subsection{Other encodings} - -\ftable{ptmr8y}{LY1} - -%%\ftable{????}{LV1} - -\ftable{grmn1000}{LGR} - -\ftable{wasy10}{U} -\ftable{logo10}{U} - -\clearpage -\section{Uppercase and lowercase tables} -\label{sec:uclc-tab} - -The following two sets of tables list the \verb"\uppercase" and -\verb"\lowercase" values for each position in the \LaTeX{} standard -256-character tables. - -Each row of each table lists: -\begin{quote} - \begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth}} - pos & The position in the table (0-255) \\ - lc & The value in the \verb"\lowercase" table at the position \\ - & (note that value 0 here means that \verb"\lowercase" is - ineffective for this character, and hyphenation does not apply - to it) \\ - uc & The value in the \verb"\uppercase" table at the position \\ - & (note that value 0 here means that \verb"\uppercase" is - ineffective for this character) \\ - glyphs & The glyphs specified for the T1 encoding for this - position, laid out as \meta{glyph}\textbf{(}\meta{lowercase - glyph}\textbf{/}\meta{uppercase glyph}\textbf{)} - \end{tabular} -\end{quote} - -\begin{center} - \let\lctablenumbersize\footnotesize - \makebox[\textwidth]{\hss - \dolctable{0}{32}\quad\dolctable{32}{64}\quad - \dolctable{64}{96}\quad\dolctable{96}{128}% - \hss} - - \makebox[\textwidth]{\hss - \dolctable{128}{160}\quad\dolctable{160}{192}\quad - \dolctable{192}{224}\quad\dolctable{224}{256}% - \hss} -\end{center} -\end{document} - - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |