babel-italian (4dec19)

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@53019 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

1 files changed, 190 insertions, 169 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx
index a7a234fea11..6d5a088d6b5 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ This file is a self unpacking one.
 %</driver>
 %<code>\ProvidesLanguage{italian}
 %<*code>
-        [2019/01/05 v.1.4.01 Italian support for the babel system]
+        [2019/11/16 v.1.4.03 Italian support for the babel system]
 %</code>
 %%
 %% Please report errors to: claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 %</driver>
 %\fi
 %
-% \CheckSum{755}
+% \CheckSum{753}
 %
 % \changes{italian-0.99}{1990/07/11}{First version, from english.doc}
 % \changes{italian-1.0}{1991/04/23}{Modified for babel 3.0}
@@ -217,127 +217,130 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 %    \end{table}
 %
 %    The features of this language definition file are the following:
-%    \begin{enumerate}
-%    \item The Italian hyphenation is invoked, provided that the Italian 
-%      hyphenation pattern files were loaded when the specific format file
-%      was built.
-%    \item The language dependent infix words to be inserted by such
-%      commands as |\chapter|, |\caption|, |\tableofcontents|,
-%      etc. are redefined in accordance with the Italian
-%      typographical practice.
-%    \item Since Italian can be easily hyphenated and Italian practice
-%      allows to break a word before the last two letters, hyphenation
-%      parameters have been set accordingly, but a very high demerit
-%      value has been set in order to avoid word breaks in the
-%      penultimate line of a paragraph. Specifically the |\clubpenalty|,
-%      and the |\widowpenalty| are set to rather high values and
-%      |\finalhyphendemerits| is set to such a high value that
-%      hyphenation is strongly discouraged between the last two lines
-%      of a paragraph.
+%  \begin{enumerate}
+%  \item The Italian hyphenation is invoked, provided that the Italian 
+%    hyphenation pattern files were loaded when the specific format file
+%    was built.
+%  \item The language dependent infix words to be inserted by such
+%    commands as |\chapter|, |\caption|, |\tableofcontents|,
+%    etc. are redefined in accordance with the Italian
+%    typographical practice.
+%  \item Since Italian can be easily hyphenated and Italian practice
+%    allows to break a word before the last two letters, hyphenation
+%    parameters have been set accordingly, but a very high demerit
+%    value has been set in order to avoid word breaks in the
+%    penultimate line of a paragraph. Specifically the |\clubpenalty|,
+%    and the |\widowpenalty| are set to rather high values and
+%    |\finalhyphendemerits| is set to such a high value that
+%    hyphenation is strongly discouraged between the last two lines
+%    of a paragraph.
 %^^A
 %^^A  Qui ci si potrebbero mettere le indicazioni per gli attributi e modificatori
 %^^A
-%    \item Some language specific shorthands have been defined so as to
-%      allow etymological hyphenation, specifically |"| inserts a
-%      break point at any word boundary that the typesetter chooses,
-%      provided it is not followed by an accented letter (very unlikely
-%      in Italian, where compulsory accents fall only on the last and
-%      ending vowel of a word, but it may take place with compound words
-%      that include foreign roots), and \verb="|= when the desired break
-%      point falls before an accented letter. As you can read in
-%      table~\ref{t:itshrtct}, these shorthands are available only if
-%      they get activated with |\setactivedoublequote| after
-%      loading \babel\ but before the |\begin{docuemnt}| statement. This
-%      is done in order to preserve the user from package conflicts:
-%      if s/he wants to use these facilities s/he must remember that
-%      conflicts may arise unless active characters are deactivated;
-%      this can be done with the \babel\ command |\shorthadsoff{"}|
-%      (and reactivated with |\shorthandson{"}|) when its wise to do
-%      so; conflicts have been reported with package \file{xypic} and
-%      with \texttt{TikZ}, but the latter has its own library to
-%      deactivate all active characters, not just the double quotes,
-%      the only Italian language possibly activated  character.
-%    \item Some Italian compound words have a connecting short dash (a
-%      hyphen sign) between them without any space between the component
-%      words and the short dash; in this situation standard \LaTeX\ allows
-%      a line break only just after the short dash; this may lead to
-%      paragraphs with protruding lines or with ugly looking wide inter
-%      word spaces. If a break point is desired in the second word, one
-%      may use  a |"| sign just after the short dash; but if a line break
-%      is required in the first word, them the |"-| shorthand comes in handy;
-%      pay attention though, that if you use an en-dash or an em-dash (both
-%      should not be used in Italian as compound words connectors, but\dots)
-%      then the |"-| shorthand might impeach the |--| or |---| ligatures, thus
-%      producing an unacceptable appearance.
-%    \item The shorthand |""| introduces the raised (English) opening
-%      double quotes; this shorthand proves its usefulness when one
-%      reminds that the Italian keyboard misses the backtick key, and
-%      the backtick on a Windows based platform may be obtained only by
-%      pressing the \texttt{Alt} key while keying the numerical code
-%      0096 in the numeric keypad; very, very annoying!
-%    \item The shorthands |"<| and |">| insert the guillemets sometimes
-%      used also in Italian typography; with the T1 font encoding
-%      the ligatures |<<| and |>>| should insert such signs directly,
-%      but not all the virtual fonts that claim to follow the T1 font
-%      encoding actually contain the guillemets; with the OT1 encoding
-%      the guillemets are not available and must be faked in some
-%      way. By using the |"<| and |">| shorthands (even with the T1
-%      encoding) the necessary tests are performed and in case the
-%      guillemets are faked by means of the special LaTeX math symbols.
-%      At the same time if OpenType fonts are being used with XeLaTeX
-%      or LuaLaTeX, there are no problems with guillemets.
-%    \item Three new specific commands |\unit|, |\ped|, and |\ap| are
-%      introduced so as to  enable the correct composition of technical
-%      mathematics according to the ISO~31/XI recommendations. 
-%      The definition of |\unit| takes place only at ``begin document''
-%      so that it is possible to verify if some other similar functionalities
-%      have already been defined by other packages, such as |units.sty|
-%      or |siunitx.sty|. In particular command |\unit| is deactivated by
-%      default; the user can activate it by entering the command
-%      |\setISOcompliance| after loading the \babel\ package and before the
-%      |\begin{document}| statement. The above checks will enter into
-%      action even if this ISO compliance is set, in order to avoid conflicts
-%      with the above named packages. The |\ap| and |\ped| commands remain
-%      available because up to now no specific conflicts have been reported. 
-%    \item Since in all languages different from English the decimal separator
-%      according to the ISO regulations \emph{must} be a comma\footnote{Actually
-%      the Bureau International des Pois et M\'esures allows also the point
-%      as a decimal separator without mentioning any language, but recommends
-%      to follow the national typographical traditions}; since
-%      no language description file nor the \babel\ package itself provides
-%      for this functionality, a not so simple intelligent comma definition is
-%      provided such that at least in mathematics it behaves correctly.
-%      There are other packages that provide a similar functionality, for
-%      example |icomma| and |ncccomma|; |icomma|, apparently is not in conflict
-%      with |dcolomn|, but requires a space after the comma all the times it
-%      plays the r\^ole of a punctuation mark; |ncccomma|, checks if the next
-%      token is a digit, but it repeated ten tests every time it meets a comma,
-%      irrespective from what it is followed by. I believe that my solution
-%      is better than that provided by both those packages; but I assume that
-%      if the user loads on of those packages, it prefers to use that
-%      functionality; In case one of those pachages is loaded, this module
-%      excludes its intelligent comma functionality.
-%      By default this functionality is turned \emph{off}, therefore the user
-%      should turn it on by means of the |\IntelligentComma| command; it can
-%      turn it off by means of |\NoIntelligentComma|. Please, read
-%      subsection~\ref{ssec:comma} to see the various situations where a
-%      mathematical comma may be used and how to overcome the few cases when
-%      the macros of this file don't behave as expected. The section describes
-%      also some limitations when some cong=flicting packages are being loaded.
-%    \item In Italian legal documents it is common to tag list-items
-%      with the old fashioned 21-letter Italian alphabet, that differs from
-%      the Latin one by the omission of the letters `j', `k', `w',`x', and
-%     `y'. This applies for both upper and lower case tags.
-%      This feature is obtained by using the commands |\XXIletters| and
-%      |\XXVIletters| that allow to switch back and forth
-%      between 21- and 26-letter tagging.
-%    \end{enumerate}
-%
-%    For this language a few shorthands have been defined,
-%    table~\ref{t:itshrtct}, some of which are introduced to overcome
-%    certain limitations of the Italian keyboard; in
-%    section~\ref{s:itkbd} there are other comments and hints in order
-%    to overcome some other keyboard limitations.
+%  \item Some language specific shorthands have been defined so as to
+%    allow etymological hyphenation, specifically |"| inserts a
+%    break point at any word boundary that the typesetter chooses,
+%    provided it is not followed by an accented letter (very unlikely
+%    in Italian, where compulsory accents fall only on the last and
+%    ending vowel of a word, but it may take place with compound words
+%    that include foreign roots), and \verb="|= when the desired break
+%    point falls before an accented letter. As you can read in
+%    table~\ref{t:itshrtct}, these shorthands are available only if
+%    they get activated with |\setactivedoublequote| after
+%    loading \babel\ but before the |\begin{docuemnt}| statement. This
+%    is done in order to preserve the user from package conflicts:
+%    if s/he wants to use these facilities s/he must remember that
+%    conflicts may arise unless active characters are deactivated;
+%    this can be done with the \babel\ command |\shorthadsoff{"}|
+%    (and reactivated with |\shorthandson{"}|) when its wise to do
+%    so; conflicts have been reported with package \file{xypic} and
+%    with \texttt{TikZ}, but the latter has its own library to
+%    deactivate all active characters, not just the double quotes,
+%    the only Italian language possibly activated  character.
+%  \item Some Italian compound words have a connecting short dash (a
+%    hyphen sign) between them without any space between the component
+%    words and the short dash; in this situation standard \LaTeX\ allows
+%    a line break only just after the short dash; this may lead to
+%    paragraphs with protruding lines or with ugly looking wide inter
+%    word spaces. If a break point is desired in the second word, one
+%    may use  a |"| sign just after the short dash; but if a line break
+%    is required in the first word, them the |"-| shorthand comes in
+%    handy; pay attention though, that if you use an en-dash or an
+%    em-dash (both should not be used in Italian as compound words
+%    connectors, but\dots) then the |"-| shorthand might impeach the |--| 
+%    or |---| ligatures, thus producing an unacceptable appearance.
+%  \item The shorthand |""| introduces the raised (English) opening
+%    double quotes; this shorthand proves its usefulness when one
+%    reminds that the Italian keyboard misses the back tick key, and
+%    the back tick on a Windows based platform may be obtained only by
+%    pressing the \texttt{Alt} key while keying the numerical code
+%    0096 in the numeric keypad; very, very annoying!
+%  \item The shorthands |"<| and |">| insert the guillemets sometimes
+%    used also in Italian typography; with the T1 font encoding
+%    the ligatures |<<| and |>>| should insert such signs directly,
+%    but not all the virtual fonts that claim to follow the T1 font
+%    encoding actually contain the guillemets; with the OT1 encoding
+%    the guillemets are not available and must be faked in some
+%    way. By using the |"<| and |">| shorthands (even with the T1
+%    encoding) the necessary tests are performed and in case the
+%    guillemets are faked by means of the special LaTeX math symbols.
+%    At the same time if OpenType fonts are being used with XeLaTeX
+%    or LuaLaTeX, there are no problems with guillemets.
+%  \item Three new specific commands |\unit|, |\ped|, and |\ap| are
+%    introduced so as to  enable the correct composition of technical
+%    mathematics according to the ISO~31/XI recommendations. 
+%    The definition of |\unit| takes place only at ``begin document''
+%    so that it is possible to verify if some other similar
+%    functionalities have already been defined by other packages, such
+%    as |units.sty| or |siunitx.sty|. In particular command |\unit| is
+%    deactivated by default; the user can activate it by entering the
+%    command |\setISOcompliance| after loading the \babel\ package and
+%    before the |\begin{document}| statement. The above checks will enter 
+%    into action even if this ISO compliance is set, in order to avoid
+%    conflicts with the above named packages. The |\ap| and |\ped|
+%    commands remain available because up to now no specific conflicts
+%    have been reported. 
+%  \item Since in all languages different from English the decimal
+%    separator according to the ISO regulations \emph{must} be a
+%    comma\footnote{Actually the Bureau International des Pois et
+%    M\'esures allows also the point as a decimal separator without
+%    mentioning any language, but recommends to follow the national
+%    typographical traditions.}; since no language description file nor
+%    the \babel\ package itself provides for this functionality, a not so
+%    simple intelligent comma definition is provided such that at least
+%    in mathematics it behaves correctly.
+%    There are other packages that provide a similar functionality, for
+%    example |icomma| and |ncccomma|; |icomma|, apparently is not in
+%    conflict with |dcolomn|, but requires a space after the comma all
+%    the times it plays the r\^ole of a punctuation mark; |ncccomma|,
+%    checks if the next token is a digit, but it repeats ten tests every
+%    time it meets a comma, irrespective from what it is followed by.
+%    I believe that my solution is better than that provided by both
+%    those packages; but I assume that if the user loads one of those
+%    packages, it prefers to use their functionality; in case one of those
+%    packages is loaded, this module excludes its intelligent comma
+%    functionality. By default this functionality is turned \emph{off},
+%    therefore the user should turn it on by means of the
+%    |\IntelligentComma| command; it can turn it off by means of
+%    |\NoIntelligentComma|. Please, read subsection~\ref{ssec:comma} to
+%    see the various situations where a mathematical comma may be used
+%    and how to overcome the few cases when the macros of this file don't 
+%    behave as expected. The section describes also some limitations when 
+%    some conflicting packages are being loaded.
+%  \item In Italian legal documents it is common to tag list-items
+%    with the old fashioned 21-letter Italian alphabet, that differs from
+%    the Latin one by the omission of the letters `j', `k', `w',`x', and
+%   `y'. This applies for both upper and lower case tags.
+%    This feature is obtained by using the commands |\XXIletters| and
+%    |\XXVIletters| that allow to switch back and forth
+%    between 21- and 26-letter tagging.
+%  \end{enumerate}
+%
+%  For this language a few shorthands have been defined,
+%  table~\ref{t:itshrtct}, some of which are introduced to overcome
+%  certain limitations of the Italian keyboard; in
+%  section~\ref{s:itkbd} there are other comments and hints in order
+%  to overcome some other keyboard limitations.
 %
 % \subsection*{Acknowlegements}
 % It is my pleasure to acknowledge the contributions of Giovanni Dore,
@@ -359,7 +362,7 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 %
 % \StopEventually{}%
 %
-%\subsection{The commented code}
+%\section{The commented code}
 %    The macro |\LdfInit| takes care of preventing that this file is
 %    loaded more than once, checking the category code of the
 %    \texttt{@} sign, etc.
@@ -494,47 +497,64 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 % \changes{italian-1.2l}{1999/04/5}{Changed example ``begl'italiani''
 %    (obsolete spelling) with another, ``nell'altezza'', that behaves
 %    the same way}
+% \changes{italian 1.4.01}{2019-01-05}{Set the lccode of the apostrophe
+%    that should be valid for both the pdflatex and the OpentType aware
+%    typesetting engines xelatelx and lualatex.}
+% \changes{italian 1.4.03}{2019-11-16}{Adjust the lccode for the
+%    apostrophe so as to work also with platex and uplatex. Thanks to
+%    Hironobu Yamashita <h.y.acetaminophen@gmail.com> who spottes the
+%    error and suggested the correction.}
+%
 %    In order to enable the hyphenation of words such as
 %    ``nell'altezza'' we give the \texttt{'} a non-zero lower case
-%    code. When we do that \TeX\ finds the following hyphenation
+%    code. When we do that, \TeX\ finds the following hyphenation
 %    points |nel-l'al-tez-za| instead of none. If this |italian.ldf| is
-%    (improperly) used with |babel| when typesetting with |xelatex| or
+%    used with |babel| when typesetting with |xelatex| or
 %    |lualatex| the apostrophe must receive a unicode code point.
-%    Therefore we use the same test that is being used by the |iftex|
-%    package in order to check if this option to |babel| is used while
-%    typesetting with |pdflatex| or another typesetting engine.
+%    Therefore we use a special test that was suggested by Hironobu
+%    Yamashita\footnote{Thanks to Hironobu Yamashita
+%    <h.y.acetaminophen@gmail.com>} if this |babel| language option 
+%    is used while using either |pdflatex| or a Unicode aware
+%    typesetting engine.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 
 \addto\extrasitalian{%
-\lccode\string`'=`' \unless\ifcsname pdfmatch\endcsname
+\lccode\string`'=`' \ifcsname Umathcode\endcsname
 \lccode\string"2019=\string"2019\fi}
 \addto\noextrasitalian{%
-\lccode\string`'=0 \unless\ifcsname pdfmatch\endcsname
+\lccode\string`'=0 \ifcsname Umathcode\endcsname
 \lccode\string"2019=0\fi}
 
 %    \end{macrocode}
-% Notice, though, that if you use |babel| when typesetting with |lualatex| or |xelatex| using the |fontspec| usual commands and options may not lead to their proper font alternative variants being used. Apparently the |\balefont| command is more performant in transmitting the proper information to |fontspec|. Of course |\babelfont| must be used after the |babel| package has been invoked; while there appears to be any loading precedence requirements when |fontspec| and |polyglossa| are used
+% Notice, though, that if you use |babel| when typesetting with |lualatex|
+% or |xelatex| using the |fontspec| usual commands and options may not
+% lead to their proper font alternative variants being used. Apparently
+% the |\babelfont| command is more performant in transmitting the proper
+% information to |fontspec|. Of course |\babelfont| must be used after the 
+% |babel| package has been invoked; while there appears to be any loading
+% precedence requirements when |fontspec| and |polyglossia| are used
 % \end{macro}
 % \end{macro}
 %
 % \subsection{Traditionally labelled enumerate environment}
 % \changes{italian-1.2v}{2010/01/02}{Support for traditional Italian}
-%    In some traditional texts, especially of legal nature, enumerations labelled
-%    with lower or upper case letters use the reduced Latin alphabet that omits
-%    the so called ``non Italian letters'': j, k, w, x, and y. 
-%
-% \changes{italian-1.2w}{2011/01/03}{Added switching mechanism between normal
-%    and traditional enumeration labelling}
-% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/27}{The |traditional| language attribute has
-%    been dropped while the commands to switch back and forth from 21- to
-%    26-letter alphabet are retained}
+%    In some traditional texts, especially of legal nature, enumerations
+%    labelled with lower or upper case letters use the reduced Latin
+%    alphabet that omits the so called ``non Italian letters'': j, k, w,
+%    x, and y. 
+%
+% \changes{italian-1.2w}{2011/01/03}{Added switching mechanism between
+%    normal and traditional enumeration labelling}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/27}{The |traditional| language attribute
+%    has been dropped while the commands to switch back and forth from
+%    21- to 26-letter alphabet are retained}
 % \begin{macro}{\XXIletters}
 % \begin{macro}{\XXVIletters}
 %    At the same time it is considered useful to have the possibility of
-%    switching back and forth from the 21-letter tagging and the 26-letter one.
-%    This requires a counter that keeps the switching status (0 for 21 letters
-%    and 1 for 26 letters) and commands |\XXIletters| and |\XXVIletters| 
-%    to set the switch. Default is 26 letter tagging.
+%    switching back and forth from the 21-letter tagging and the 26-letter
+%    one. This requires a counter that keeps the switching status (0 for 21
+%    letters and 1 for 26 letters) and commands |\XXIletters| and
+%    |\XXVIletters| to set the switch. Default is 26 letter tagging.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \newcount\it@lettering \it@lettering=\@ne
 \newcommand*\XXIletters{\it@lettering=\z@}
@@ -546,8 +566,8 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 %    \end{macrocode}
 % \end{macro}
 % \end{macro}
-%    To make this feasible it's necessary to redefine the way the \LaTeX\ |\@alph|
-%    and |\@Alph| work. Let's make the alternate definitions:
+%    To make this feasible it's necessary to redefine the way the \LaTeX\
+%    |\@alph| and |\@Alph| work. Let's make the alternate definitions:
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \def\it@alph#1{%
 \ifcase\it@lettering
@@ -572,31 +592,32 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 %    \end{macrocode}
 %
 % In order to have a complete description, the situation is as such:
-%    \begin{enumerate}
-%    \item If you want to always use the 21-letter item tagging, simply
-%       use the |\XXIletters| declaration just after |\begin{document}|
-%       and this setting remains global (provided, of course, that the
-%       declaration is defined, i.e. that the Italian language is the
-%       default one); in this way the setting is global while you use
-%       the Italian language.
-%    \item The |XXVIletter| command, issued outside any environment sets
-%       the 26-letter item tagging in a global way; this setting is the default one.
-%    \item If you specify |\XXIletters| just before entering an
-%       environment that uses alphabetic tagging, this environment will
-%       be tagged with the 21-letter alphabet, but this is a local setting,
-%       because the letter tagging takes place only from the second level
-%       of enumeration.
-%    \item The declarations |\XXIletters| and |\XXVIletters| let you 
-%      switch back and forth between the two kinds of tagging, But this
-%      kind of tagging, the 21-letter one, is meaningful only in Italian
-%      and when you change language, letter tagging reverts to the 26-letter
-%      one. 
-%    \end{enumerate}
+%  \begin{enumerate}
+%  \item If you want to always use the 21-letter item tagging, simply
+%     use the |\XXIletters| declaration just after |\begin{document}|
+%     and this setting remains global (provided, of course, that the
+%     declaration is defined, i.e. that the Italian language is the
+%     default one); in this way the setting is global while you use
+%     the Italian language.
+%  \item The |XXVIletter| command, issued outside any environment sets
+%     the 26-letter item tagging in a global way; this setting is the
+%     default one.
+%  \item If you specify |\XXIletters| just before entering an
+%     environment that uses alphabetic tagging, this environment will
+%     be tagged with the 21-letter alphabet, but this is a local setting,
+%     because the letter tagging takes place only from the second level
+%     of enumeration.
+%  \item The declarations |\XXIletters| and |\XXVIletters| let you 
+%    switch back and forth between the two kinds of tagging, But this
+%    kind of tagging, the 21-letter one, is meaningful only in Italian
+%    and when you change language, letter tagging reverts to the
+%    26-letter one. 
+%  \end{enumerate}
 %
 % \changes{italian-1.2m}{2000/01/05}{Support for etymological
 %    hyphenation}
 %
-%   \subsection{Support for etymological hyphenation}
+%  \subsection{Support for etymological hyphenation}
 
 %    In Italian etymological hyphenation is desirable with
 %    technical terms, chemical names, and the like.
@@ -663,10 +684,10 @@ mail: \texttt{claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com}}}
 % \changes{italian-1.3g}{2014/01/22}{The active double straight
 %    quote conflicts with other packages; set as an optional facility.}
 %    Instead of a boolean switch we use a private counter so as to check
-%    at |\begin{document}| if this facility has to be activated. The default
-%    value is zero; anything different from zero means that the facility
-%    has to be activated; this is done with command |\setactivedoublequote|
-%    to be issued before |\begin{document}|
+%    at |\begin{document}| if this facility has to be activated. The
+%    default value is zero; anything different from zero means that the
+%    facility has to be activated; this is done with command
+%    |\setactivedoublequote| to be issued before |\begin{document}|
 %
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \newcount\it@doublequoteactive \it@doublequoteactive=\z@