newsletr v01-016 22-Jan-2004

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@9229 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

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+%
+%  File:	QUOTE.TEX
+%
+%  Author:	Hunter Goatley
+%		goathunter@goatley.com
+%
+%  Date:	August 14, 1991
+%
+%  Abstract:
+%
+%	This file defines the macros \begindoublequotes and \enddoublequotes,
+%	which let TeX replace the double-quote character (") with TeX's
+%	left double-quote and right double-quote.  For example:
+%
+%		"This is a test."     --->    ``This is a test.''
+%
+%	The double-quote character is still available via \dq.  (\" is still
+%	treated as the umlaut accent.)
+%
+%	This macro makes a couple of assumptions about the double-quotes:
+%
+%	1.  Double-quotes are assumed to come in pairs.  When replacing
+%	    double-quotes, the macro alternates between `` and ''.  The only
+%	    exception to this is noted in (2) below.
+%	2.  A double-quote at the beginning of a paragraph is always treated
+%	    as ``.  This correctly handles the case where a quotation is
+%	    continued into a second paragraph:
+%
+%		"This is the first paragraph.\par
+%		"This is the second paragraph of the same quote."
+%
+%	Normal TeX spacing after `` and '' is maintained by saving and
+%	restoring the \spacefactor.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  HOW IT WORKS:
+%
+%	The double-quote character (") is made active by \begindoublequotes.
+%	The " macro keeps track of left-quote/right-quote pairs and inserts
+%	the appropriate `` and '' in its place.
+%
+%	Each character has a \spacefactor associated with it, which specifies
+%	the amount of stretch or shrink that a space following the character
+%	can have.  Most characters have a factor of 1000, but some punctuation
+%	marks have higher spacefactors, most notably the period, which has a
+%	\spacefactor of 3000.  This means the space following a period can
+%	stretch up to 3 times more than the space after a regular character,
+%	accounting for the increased space at the end of sentences.
+%
+%	The `` and '' ligatures are assigned \spacefactor's of 0, so that the
+%	\spacefactor that is applied to the next character is the same as that
+%	of the character preceding the quotes.  Because " has been redefined as
+%	a macro, any spaces following " are swallowed by TeX.  It was necessary
+%	to have this macro re-insert any needed space so that the following
+%	cases worked correctly:
+%
+%		"This is a test," she said. --> ``This is a test,'' she said.
+%		"This is in a list"; etc.   --> ``This is in a list''; etc.
+%
+%	Without the added space, the first example becomes:
+%
+%		``This is a test,''she said.
+%
+%	The solution was to save the current \spacefactor before inserting a
+%	right double-quote, then resetting the \spacefactor after the
+%	insertion.  The net effect was that the " macro has a \spacefactor
+%	of 0, which matches the way TeX treats `` and ''.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+{%					% Begin a group for which " is active
+\catcode`\"=\active			% Make " an active character
+\catcode`\@=11				% Make @ an active character
+%
+%  \begindoublequotes
+%
+%	This macro makes " an active character, resets the control sequence
+%	\dblqu@te to L (left), and defines \dq as a replacement for ".
+%
+\gdef\begindoublequotes{%		% \begindoublequotes enables "
+    \global\catcode`\"=\active		% Make " an active character
+    \global\chardef\dq=`\"		% Double-quote char. via \dq
+    \global\let\dblqu@te=L		% Always start with a left double-quote
+    }					% End of macro
+%
+%  Define the macro that will be executed whenever " is encountered.
+%
+\gdef"{%
+	%  If the double-quote is the first character in a new paragraph,
+	%  make sure it becomes a left double-quote.  This case can be
+	%  detected by checking to see if TeX is currently in vertical mode.
+	%  If so, the double-quote is at the beginning of the paragraph
+	%  (since " hasn't actually generated any horizontal mode tokens
+	%  yet, TeX is still in vertical mode).  If the mode is vertical,
+	%  set \dblqu@te equal to L.
+	%
+	\ifinner\else\ifvmode\let\dblqu@te=L\fi\fi
+	%
+	%  Now insert the appropriate left or right double-quote.
+	%
+	%  If \dblqu@te is L, insert a `` and set \dblqu@te to R.
+	%
+	\if L\dblqu@te``\global\let\dblqu@te=R%
+	%
+	%  Otherwise, save the current \spacefactor, insert '', set \dblqu@te
+	%  to L, and reset the original \spacefactor.
+	%
+	\else
+	   \let\xxx=\spacefactor		% Save the \spacefactor
+	   ''\global\let\dblqu@te=L%		% Insert '' and reset \dblqu@te
+	   \spacefactor\xxx			% Reset the \spacefactor
+	\fi					% End of \if L\dblqu@te...
+	}					% End of " macro
+}						% End of group
+
+\gdef\enddoublequotes{%
+	\catcode`\"=12				%Set " back to other
+	}